The document summarizes the rise of regional parties in India since the 1950s. It discusses the history, leadership, electoral performance and current status of major regional parties like the Bharatiya Janata Party, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Bahujan Samaj Party, Nationalist Congress Party, Janata Dal (United), Rashtriya Janata Dal, Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party, Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, Shiv Sena, All India Trinamool Congress, Biju Janata Dal, Aam Aadmi Party, Shiromani Akali Dal, All India Anna Drav
Genesis of nellie massacre and assam agitationMain Uddin
10000 Thousands of Muslims were killed in Nellie area of Assam in broad daylight on February 18th, 1983. Their only crime was that they exercised their democratic right to vote.
Will give you a description about the recent 16 loksabha election.It includes total no. of seats gained by major party and their alliance.It shows no.of seats gained by each party in each state and union territory.
This presentation is about different National and State political Parties of India.
National Parties included are:
Bhartiya Janta Party
Indian National Congress
Bahujan Samaj Party
Communist Party of India
State Parties Included:
Indian National Lok Dal
Aam Aadmi Party
Shiv Sena
Indian Constitution: National Political Parties in IndiaNirmalAnthony1
A brief description on National Political Parties of India. But some of the statistics in the presentation may vary to the current news. Please check before using.
Era of one party dominance
Second challenge for Independe
Adoption of Constitution
The first general election
Election :- A big mammoth task
Dominance of Congress
Inclusive nature of Congress
Management of factions
Opposition parties
Few opposition parties
Socialist party
The communist Party of india
Swatantra party
Bhartiya Jana Sangh
IDEOLOGY
One country = one culture
Advantages of opposition
Congress
So the Election Commission
Genesis of nellie massacre and assam agitationMain Uddin
10000 Thousands of Muslims were killed in Nellie area of Assam in broad daylight on February 18th, 1983. Their only crime was that they exercised their democratic right to vote.
Will give you a description about the recent 16 loksabha election.It includes total no. of seats gained by major party and their alliance.It shows no.of seats gained by each party in each state and union territory.
This presentation is about different National and State political Parties of India.
National Parties included are:
Bhartiya Janta Party
Indian National Congress
Bahujan Samaj Party
Communist Party of India
State Parties Included:
Indian National Lok Dal
Aam Aadmi Party
Shiv Sena
Indian Constitution: National Political Parties in IndiaNirmalAnthony1
A brief description on National Political Parties of India. But some of the statistics in the presentation may vary to the current news. Please check before using.
Era of one party dominance
Second challenge for Independe
Adoption of Constitution
The first general election
Election :- A big mammoth task
Dominance of Congress
Inclusive nature of Congress
Management of factions
Opposition parties
Few opposition parties
Socialist party
The communist Party of india
Swatantra party
Bhartiya Jana Sangh
IDEOLOGY
One country = one culture
Advantages of opposition
Congress
So the Election Commission
Here is a 'quickie' India Elections Quiz, set and presented on the day the 2014 Lok Sabha results were declared. The target audience was an Indian expat gathering in Hong Kong, who obviously were happy with the results, irrespective of their own political affiliations. What else can you expect from a capitalistic bunch of investment bankers and the like! The suit the mood, the quiz is also superficial and is a dipstick of the mood of the country and the quizzers. It is also not very original and has borrowed liberally from other quizzes, typically stuff in the public domain.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Bharatiya Janata Party
• formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee.
• in 1977, the Jana Sangh merged with several
other parties to form the Janata Party
• Won only two seats in the 1984 general
election
• Formed govt in 1996 for 13 days
• 1998, the BJP-led coalition known as the
National Democratic Alliance (NDA), lost in
2004.
• Formed govt. again in 2014, under PM Modi
3. Communist Party of India (Marxist)
• CPI formed in 26 December 1925
• Split into CPI and CPI-M in 1964
• in 1957, the CPI emerged as the largest
opposition party
• In 1957, the CPI won the state elections in Kerala.
• Split into "internationalists", "centrists", and
"nationalists“ in 1962
• Today it holds only 1 seat.
4. Bahujan Samaj Party
• The BSP was founded by a Dalit charismatic
leader Kanshi Ram in 1984
• In 1993, following the assembly elections, Mayawati
formed a coalition with Samajwadi Party
President Mulayam Yadav as Chief Minister.
• sought the support of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
to become Chief Minister on 3 June 1995.
• The 11 May 2007, the Uttar Pradesh state assembly
election results saw the BSP emerge as a single
majority party
• The party was the third most-voted party in the 2014
Indian general election, but still failed to win any seat
in the 16th Lok Sabha
5. Nationalist Congress Party
• NCP was formed on 25 May 1999, by Sharad
Pawar, P. A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar after
they were expelled from the Indian National
Congress (INC) on 20 May 1999, for disputing
the right of Italian-born Sonia Gandhi to lead
the party
• Won 6 seats in 2014
6. Janata Dal (United)
• The Janata Dal (United) was formed with the
merger of the Sharad Yadav faction of the Janata
Dal, the Lokshakti Party and the Samata Party On
30 October 2003
• The JD(U) along with its alliance partner,
the BJP defeated the RJD-led UPA government in
Bihar in November 2005.
• JD(U) won 115 and BJP won 91 seats in Bihar
Legislative Assembly election, 2010.
• JD-U broke alliance with BJP
• BJP –LJP won 31 seats in 2014 general election
7. Rashtriya Janata Dal
• The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.
• 1998 national elections, RJD won 17 Lok Sabha seats
• the party won 21 Lok Sabha seats in the 2004 elections
• Under United Progressive Alliance from 2004 to May
2009, wherein Prasad held the position of the Railway
Minister.
• In 2005 Bihar legislative assembly election RJD won
only 75 seats and lost the power.
• In 2014, won 4 seats out of 40 lok sabha seat
8. Jammu & Kashmir National
Conference
• In October 1932, Sheikh Abdullah founded the All
Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference.
• In the elections of1951, National Conference won
all 75 seats of the Constituent assembly of
Jammu and Kashmir.
• Sheikh Abdullah was again arrested in 1965 until
1968 for conspiracy against the state
• In 1996, won 57 out of 86 seats
• In 2008 came to power with congress’ help
• In 2014 won zero seats
9. Jammu and Kashmir People's
Democratic Party
• founded in 1999 by the former Union Home
Minister, Mufti Mohammed Sayeed
• Mufti Mohammad Sayeed headed coalition
Government between October 2002 and
November 2005
• Won 3 seats in 2014 elections
10. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
• Formed to carve out Jharkhand out of Bihar
• 100% of their MP's who contested in 2009
elections were candidates with pending
criminal cases in their name, won 2 setas.
11. Shiv Sena
• founded on 19 June 1966
• In 1960 Bal Thackeray, a Mumbai-based cartoonist,
began publishing the satirical cartoon weekly Marmik.
Through this publication he started disseminating anti-
migrant sentiments.
• The Shiv Sena-BJP combine won the 1995 Maharasthra
state elections.
• In July 2005 Narayan Rane was expelled from the party,
which sparked internal conflict in the party. In
December the same year Raj Thackeray, Bal
Thackeray's nephew, left the party
• The offices of Hindi and Marathi TV news channels IBN-
7 and IBN-Lokmat in Mumbai and Pune were attacked
and vandalised by Shiv Sena activists on 20 November
2009
12. All India Trinamool Congress
• One of the principal opposition parties in India today.
• Founded on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of
the Indian National Congress, the party is led by its founder
and current Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamata
Banerjee.
• In the 1998 Lok Sabha polls, TMC won 8 seats.
• She entered into an alliance with the BJP in 2000. IN 2004,
it won 1 seat.
• TMC also has 1 MLAs in the Arunachal PradeshAssembly,7
MLAs in the Manipur Assembly and 1 MLA in Assam and 1
MLA in Uttar Pradesh
• Post-Nandigram/Singur, in the 2009 Lok Sabha election,
Trinamool Congress won 19 seats
• Today it has 34 MPs
13. Biju Janata Dal
• led by Naveen Patnaik, son of former state chief
minister Biju Patnaik. It was founded on 26 December
1997
• BJD won nine seats in the 1998 general elections and
Naveen was named the Minister for Mines.
• The party won a majority of seats in the state
legislative assembly in the 2000 and 2004 elections in
alliance with BJP.
• BJD parted ways with the BJP, after Kandhamal riots.
• in 2009, BJD won 14 seats and secured strong 108
legislative seats out of 147 seats in assembly
• in 2014, securing 20 of the 21 Lok Sabha seats and 117
of 147 Legislative Assembly seats of Odisha.
14. Aam Aadmi Party
• It came into existence following differences
between the activists Arvind Kejriwal and Anna
Hazare regarding whether or not to politicise the
popular India Against Corruption movement
• launched on 26 November 2012.
• In Delhi elections, emerged as the second-largest
party, winning 28 of the 70 seats
• It had been in power for 49 days
• Won 4 seats in Lok Sabha 2014 elections
15. Shiromani Akali Dal
• In power in Punjab
• Akali Dal was formed on December 20, 1920 as a
task force of the Shiromani Gurudwara
Prabandhak Committee
• party launched the Punjabi Suba movement,
demanding a state with majority of Punjabi
speaking people, out of undividedEast
Punjab under the leadership of Sant Fateh Singh
• It has 56 members in Punjab Legislative
Assemblyand combined with 12 of BJP, forms a
majority government today.
16. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam
• was founded by M.G.R on the 17th of October, 1972
• AIADMK grew close to theCongress by supporting
the Emergency which occurred between 1975 and
1977.
• MGR was sworn in as the 7th Chief Minister of the
state on the 30th of June
• In 1980, the Congress aligned with the DMK and the
alliance won 37 out of the 39 parliamentary seats in
the state; the AIADMK won just two seats
• AIADMK won an unprecedented 37 out of 39 seats in
2014
17. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
• founded by C. N. Annadurai as a breakaway
faction from the Dravidar Kazhagam
• DMK traces its roots to the South Indian
Liberal Federation formed in 1916
• In August 1944, Periyar created the 'Dravida
Kazhagham' out of the Justice Party
• DMK lost heavily under Karunanidhi
18. Telangana Rashtra Samithi
• Telangana, carved out of Andhra Pradesh on 2
June 2014.
• was a member of theTelugu Desam Party until he
quit the party due to differences withNara
Chandrababu Naidu and formed the TRS in 2001
• In the 2004 assembly elections, the TRS formed
an alliance withCongress (I) and won 26 state
assembly seats.
• In 2014, TRS won 11 of the 17 Lok Sabha seats
and 63 of the 119 Assembly seats
19. Telugu Desam Party
• The party was founded by Nandamuri Taraka
Rama Rao on 29 March 1982. Since 1995, the
party is headed by Nara Chandrababu Naidu
• The party came to power in the state of
Andhra Pradesh on 16 May 2014 by winning
104 seats out of 175 seats.
20. YSR Congress Party
• was founded by Siva Kumar in 2009 and taken
over by Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, the son of
former Andhra Pradesh chief minister Y. S.
Rajasekhara Reddy
• The party has a strength of 67 members in the
295-member state assembly and 9 members
in the Lok Sabha
21. Samajwadi Party
• The Samajwadi Party was one of several parties
that emerged when the Janata Dal
• In the assembly election in Madhya Pradesh in
2003, the Samajwadi Party gained 7 seats
• In the 16th Lok Sabha, it currently has only 4
members wrt. 21 in 15th lok sabha
• In the 2007 Uttar Pradesh legislative election, the
SP won only 96 seats as compared to 146 in the
previous election.
• In the 2012 legislative assembly elections of Uttar
Pradesh, SP registered a landslide victory