This document provides information about three old houses in Jordan:
1. King Abdullah Palace in Ma'an, originally built as a hotel for the Ma'an railroad station in the early 1900s. It has since been renovated as a museum.
2. The Municipality Building in Salt, constructed between 1900-1915. It now houses offices for the Salt municipality after being renovated in the 1990s.
3. The Darat Al-Funun complex in Amman, consisting of three houses - Darat 1, Darat 2, and Darat 3 - renovated by the Darat Al-Funun foundation to promote the arts.
This document summarizes information about three old houses in Jordan: Al-Mufti House, Bisharat Houses, and Mango House. It provides details on when each house was built, who built and lived in each house, architectural details of each house, and how the houses have been modified over time. The houses date from the 1920s-1940s and belonged to prominent Jordanian political and business figures. They demonstrate the traditional and evolving architectural styles of old homes in Amman, Jordan.
This thesis examines the architecture of Amman during the Emirate of Transjordan between 1921-1946. It begins with an overview of Amman before 1921, including traditional house types like the Circassian and rural Arab houses. During the Emirate, Amman developed as the capital with help from the British Public Works Department. The thesis analyzes the public and residential buildings constructed during this time. Public buildings like Raghadan Palace and the British Residence expressed modernity, while the traditional three-bay house type became popular for residences. The architecture of Amman demonstrated the interaction between tradition and modernity during the Emirate period.
The document provides information about the location and context of the Abdali project site in Amman, Jordan. The site is located in the heart of Amman, giving it regional importance. It has an area of 2,208 square meters and is zoned for central commercial use with some high-rise buildings up to 105 meters. The document also includes details about the surroundings, dimensions, land use, solid to void ratio, approaches, landmarks, climate conditions, topography, and a conclusion that the Abdali project increased social gaps and did not reflect local needs or connect to surrounding areas, potentially threatening social sustainability.
Amman Architecture between Antiquity and ModernityDania Abdel-aziz
The document discusses the history of architecture in Amman, Jordan and how it has been influenced by different civilizations over time. It describes some iconic historic buildings from other Arab cities that still influence architecture in Jordan today, such as the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It then highlights some important historic sites in Amman, including the Roman Amphitheater and the Citadel, which illustrate the various periods of cultural and economic prosperity in the ancient city. The document also discusses how early 20th century architecture in Jordan was characterized by the use of local stone and the influence of Arab architects from neighboring cities. It provides examples of influential modern Jordanian architects like Ja'afar
The Louvre Abu Dhabi museum complex is located on Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was designed by renowned architect Jean Nouvel and features 55 volumes distributed in a pattern resembling an Arab medina. A giant dome composed of 7,850 overlapping metal stars covers the complex and provides natural lighting. The dome was inspired by Arab architectural traditions and filters sunlight to create a "rain of light" effect. The complex's materials and forms draw inspiration from local palm trees and falaj irrigation systems.
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect born in 1900 who pioneered the use of mud bricks and traditional building designs and layouts in Egypt. He designed over 160 projects from small homes to large communities. He believed in drawing from historical forms and using appropriate technology. Fathy's work was influenced by vernacular Nubian architecture and its use of vaulted roofs, domes, and windcatchers made of mud bricks. He sought to improve housing for the poor in Egypt through his interpretation of indigenous architectural traditions.
This document summarizes information about three old houses in Jordan: Al-Mufti House, Bisharat Houses, and Mango House. It provides details on when each house was built, who built and lived in each house, architectural details of each house, and how the houses have been modified over time. The houses date from the 1920s-1940s and belonged to prominent Jordanian political and business figures. They demonstrate the traditional and evolving architectural styles of old homes in Amman, Jordan.
This thesis examines the architecture of Amman during the Emirate of Transjordan between 1921-1946. It begins with an overview of Amman before 1921, including traditional house types like the Circassian and rural Arab houses. During the Emirate, Amman developed as the capital with help from the British Public Works Department. The thesis analyzes the public and residential buildings constructed during this time. Public buildings like Raghadan Palace and the British Residence expressed modernity, while the traditional three-bay house type became popular for residences. The architecture of Amman demonstrated the interaction between tradition and modernity during the Emirate period.
The document provides information about the location and context of the Abdali project site in Amman, Jordan. The site is located in the heart of Amman, giving it regional importance. It has an area of 2,208 square meters and is zoned for central commercial use with some high-rise buildings up to 105 meters. The document also includes details about the surroundings, dimensions, land use, solid to void ratio, approaches, landmarks, climate conditions, topography, and a conclusion that the Abdali project increased social gaps and did not reflect local needs or connect to surrounding areas, potentially threatening social sustainability.
Amman Architecture between Antiquity and ModernityDania Abdel-aziz
The document discusses the history of architecture in Amman, Jordan and how it has been influenced by different civilizations over time. It describes some iconic historic buildings from other Arab cities that still influence architecture in Jordan today, such as the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It then highlights some important historic sites in Amman, including the Roman Amphitheater and the Citadel, which illustrate the various periods of cultural and economic prosperity in the ancient city. The document also discusses how early 20th century architecture in Jordan was characterized by the use of local stone and the influence of Arab architects from neighboring cities. It provides examples of influential modern Jordanian architects like Ja'afar
The Louvre Abu Dhabi museum complex is located on Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was designed by renowned architect Jean Nouvel and features 55 volumes distributed in a pattern resembling an Arab medina. A giant dome composed of 7,850 overlapping metal stars covers the complex and provides natural lighting. The dome was inspired by Arab architectural traditions and filters sunlight to create a "rain of light" effect. The complex's materials and forms draw inspiration from local palm trees and falaj irrigation systems.
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect born in 1900 who pioneered the use of mud bricks and traditional building designs and layouts in Egypt. He designed over 160 projects from small homes to large communities. He believed in drawing from historical forms and using appropriate technology. Fathy's work was influenced by vernacular Nubian architecture and its use of vaulted roofs, domes, and windcatchers made of mud bricks. He sought to improve housing for the poor in Egypt through his interpretation of indigenous architectural traditions.
The document provides a site analysis for a design project located in Abdali, Amman, Jordan. It includes the following information:
1. A historical background of the Abdali district, noting its importance as the geographic center of Amman.
2. Details about the site location, surrounding landmarks, accessibility, topography, dimensions, and zoning classification.
3. An analysis of climate factors like temperature, radiation, sky cover and their implications for thermal comfort.
4. Information about circulation, noise levels, pollution, and existing services in the area.
The document concludes with shadows studies for winter and summer, an analysis of solid to void ratios, and sketches of the site plan.
The UNESCO initiative aims to safeguard Hassan Fathy's New Gourna Village in Egypt, an outstanding example of sustainable architecture. UNESCO conducted several missions to assess the village's condition and plan conservation efforts. These included physical and socio-economic surveys to document the village and inform a future master plan. UNESCO also established scientific and honorary committees to provide guidance and established partnerships with organizations like the World Monuments Fund to support the project. The goal is to restore the village, promote sustainable architecture, and establish an international center dedicated to Hassan Fathy's work.
Presentation rajib for architect steven holl9853770483
Steven Holl is an American architect born in 1947. He graduated from the University of Washington and studied in Rome before establishing his firm Steven Holl Architects in New York City in 1976. Holl is recognized for seamlessly integrating new projects into historic contexts and utilizing each site's unique qualities. Some of his notable works include the Kiasma Museum in Helsinki, the Sarphatistraat Offices in Amsterdam, and the Chapel of St. Ignatius in Seattle. Holl's designs emphasize experiential phenomenology and blending space and light. He is the recipient of many prestigious awards for his innovative and sustainable architecture.
The document summarizes information about Islam, mosques, and then provides a case study of the Jame Mosque in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It discusses how the word Islam derives from "salaama" meaning peace and obedience to God. It explains that mosques originated from the Arabic word "mesdjid" meaning to prostrate before God. Five pillars of Islam are outlined, most of which are related to activities centered around mosques. The development of Islamic architecture and mosques in Bengal is described, from early thatched structures to the integration of domes and courtyards over time. The case study then provides details on the Jame Mosque, which was completed in 2018 in Dhaka and covers
Organic architecture aims to create harmony between buildings and their natural surroundings. It incorporates principles seen in nature, like form following function. Frank Lloyd Wright was influential in developing organic architecture in the early 20th century. He emphasized integrating buildings with their sites through geometric shapes, horizontal lines, and other signature design elements. Wright lived and worked at Taliesin, his home and school in Wisconsin, where he taught apprentices and oversaw construction of projects, before wintering with his apprentices at Taliesin West in Arizona.
This mock project that focuses on green building design. This project features floorplans, elevations and 3D renderings of condominium micro-units, a rooftop restaurant bar and grille, coffee shop and outdoor gym. Focusing on green design strategies, the building leverages passive air circulation, daylighting, green roofs, bay filter system and sustainable materials.
This document summarizes Jean Nouvel's Institut du Monde Arabe building in Paris. It provides background on Nouvel and his philosophy of merging insider and outsider perspectives. The Institut du Monde Arabe was a collaboration between Arab countries and France to showcase cultural fusion. Nouvel's design features two volumes around an inner courtyard, with distinctive north and south facades made of aluminum, glass and intricate windows. The building utilizes light, space and circulation elements like a glass atrium to create varied interior effects.
Amman Downtown Plan & Revitalization Strategy | Amman InstituteAmman Institute
The document provides a framework and strategy for downtown Amman development over the next 20 years. It analyzes key issues like loss of authentic role and function, inadequate public realm, and traffic problems. The vision is for an inclusive, commercially and residentially diverse city with historical identity. The strategy focuses on revitalizing commercial areas, creating vibrant public spaces, and providing attractive housing options. It proposes interventions like improving pedestrian networks, developing new parks and plazas, and supporting social and economic development through affordable housing, markets enhancement, and office/accommodation development.
The Al-Bahr Towers in Abu Dhabi feature a dynamic facade inspired by traditional Islamic mashrabiya wood lattice screens. The facade is made up of 2,000 umbrella-like transparent components on each tower that open and close in response to the sun's movement to reduce solar gain and glare. This dynamic shading system provides up to 50% reduction in solar heat gain and lowers energy consumption and carbon emissions. The towers were designed by Aedas Architects to achieve high environmental performance through passive design strategies like the innovative adaptive facade.
The document discusses Frank Gehry's approach to architecture and some of his most famous works. It provides background on Gehry and describes how he views each building as a sculptural object that responds to its context. Some of his most iconic buildings highlighted include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which is clad in titanium, glass and limestone with curved and folded exterior walls, and the Dancing House in Prague, inspired by dancers Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire.
The document provides background information on Adolf Loos and his critiques of ornamentation and Gesamtkunstwerk. It summarizes that Loos returned to Vienna in 1896 after time in America and was critical of the conservative Viennese architecture and the Secessionist movement. Loos published "Ornament and Crime" in 1908 to elaborate on his view that the Secessionists' use of ornament had no cultural relevance. The document then provides examples of Loos' architectural works from the early 20th century that demonstrated his purist style without ornament, including the Café Museum, Goldman & Salatsch store, and Kartner American Bar in Vienna.
عمارة المسكن - عمّان- في السبعينات إلى التسعينات - الاتجاه التقليدي Asmaa Alsoud
عمارة المسكن في عمّان في السبعينات إلى التسعينات - الاتجاه التقليدي
راسم بدران - أيمن زعيتر - وضاح العابدي
تنسيق : أسماء فوزي السعود
د. محمد ذيب متروك
عمارة محلية
جامعة آل البيت
2017
A presentation give on 21 December 2009, at the pilot NewThink event in Amman. It was a call to rediscover Amman and re-engage in its public urban life.
Geoffrey Bawa was a pioneering Sri Lankan architect known for developing tropical modernism. He fused vernacular architecture with modern concepts to create buildings suited for Sri Lanka's climate and culture. Some of his most notable works include the Parliament of Sri Lanka building and buildings for the University of Ruhuna, both of which respected the local context through use of traditional materials, forms, and spatial arrangements while employing modern design principles. Bawa is recognized for adapting architecture to sensitively fit the tropical environment and local traditions of Sri Lanka.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect born in 1867 who is considered one of the greatest architects of all time. He developed an organic style of architecture that aimed to harmonize structures with humanity and nature. Some of his most important works included Prairie style homes with low horizontal forms blending into the landscape, and public buildings like the Larkin Administration Building which pioneered innovations like air conditioning and suspended toilets. His Unity Temple, built in 1906, is considered one of his masterworks and one of the first modern buildings for its consolidation of aesthetic intent and structure through reinforced concrete. Wright designed over 1,000 structures in his career which demonstrated his mastery of form and integration of buildings with their surroundings.
High Rise Towers Detailed Plans | Amman InstituteAmman Institute
The document outlines the mayor of Amman's vision for developing high-rise towers as an integral part of the city's urban landscape in a planned manner. It discusses establishing designated High Density Mixed Use development areas within Amman based on criteria like access to infrastructure and transit. The goal is to accommodate growth through intensification while protecting the city's unique character, heritage, and existing neighborhoods.
The Yas Hotel in Abu Dhabi used parametric design to create a complex facade and interior spaces that respond visually to the environment. The grid shell facade features 5000 individually lit angled glass panels and a curved bridge encloses 980 square meters of interior space. Parametric design allowed the architects to combine aesthetics with efficiency while accelerating the design process.
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect known for designing housing for the poor using local materials and construction methods. One of his most famous projects was New Gourna Village near Luxor, where he worked with villagers to design multifamily homes of mud brick that incorporated passive cooling techniques. Though the village was never completed, Fathy's work highlighted the importance of considering climate, culture and community involvement in architecture. He left behind over 160 projects demonstrating sustainable design appropriate for developing regions.
The document summarizes the history and development of housing in Amman, Jordan from the late 19th century to the 1920s. It discusses how the city began with the settlement of Circassian immigrants in 1878, with houses made of stone and mud bricks. It then covers the growth of the city due to economic and demographic changes in the early 20th century. Different house types that developed during this period are examined, including the al-Rewaq house with connected rooms and colonnade, and the central hall house which became more common and emulated Western villas. The architecture was influenced by surrounding regions but maintained local materials and styles.
The document describes the architecture of three traditional villages in Jordan - Hmud Village, Ma'in Village, and Um-El-Kunndom Village. It discusses the sites, buildings, construction materials, and design features of homes, churches, and other structures within the villages. The architecture represents the transition from semi-nomadic to agricultural lifestyles, and utilizes local stone like basalt and limestone in vernacular styles adapted to the natural environment.
The document provides a site analysis for a design project located in Abdali, Amman, Jordan. It includes the following information:
1. A historical background of the Abdali district, noting its importance as the geographic center of Amman.
2. Details about the site location, surrounding landmarks, accessibility, topography, dimensions, and zoning classification.
3. An analysis of climate factors like temperature, radiation, sky cover and their implications for thermal comfort.
4. Information about circulation, noise levels, pollution, and existing services in the area.
The document concludes with shadows studies for winter and summer, an analysis of solid to void ratios, and sketches of the site plan.
The UNESCO initiative aims to safeguard Hassan Fathy's New Gourna Village in Egypt, an outstanding example of sustainable architecture. UNESCO conducted several missions to assess the village's condition and plan conservation efforts. These included physical and socio-economic surveys to document the village and inform a future master plan. UNESCO also established scientific and honorary committees to provide guidance and established partnerships with organizations like the World Monuments Fund to support the project. The goal is to restore the village, promote sustainable architecture, and establish an international center dedicated to Hassan Fathy's work.
Presentation rajib for architect steven holl9853770483
Steven Holl is an American architect born in 1947. He graduated from the University of Washington and studied in Rome before establishing his firm Steven Holl Architects in New York City in 1976. Holl is recognized for seamlessly integrating new projects into historic contexts and utilizing each site's unique qualities. Some of his notable works include the Kiasma Museum in Helsinki, the Sarphatistraat Offices in Amsterdam, and the Chapel of St. Ignatius in Seattle. Holl's designs emphasize experiential phenomenology and blending space and light. He is the recipient of many prestigious awards for his innovative and sustainable architecture.
The document summarizes information about Islam, mosques, and then provides a case study of the Jame Mosque in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It discusses how the word Islam derives from "salaama" meaning peace and obedience to God. It explains that mosques originated from the Arabic word "mesdjid" meaning to prostrate before God. Five pillars of Islam are outlined, most of which are related to activities centered around mosques. The development of Islamic architecture and mosques in Bengal is described, from early thatched structures to the integration of domes and courtyards over time. The case study then provides details on the Jame Mosque, which was completed in 2018 in Dhaka and covers
Organic architecture aims to create harmony between buildings and their natural surroundings. It incorporates principles seen in nature, like form following function. Frank Lloyd Wright was influential in developing organic architecture in the early 20th century. He emphasized integrating buildings with their sites through geometric shapes, horizontal lines, and other signature design elements. Wright lived and worked at Taliesin, his home and school in Wisconsin, where he taught apprentices and oversaw construction of projects, before wintering with his apprentices at Taliesin West in Arizona.
This mock project that focuses on green building design. This project features floorplans, elevations and 3D renderings of condominium micro-units, a rooftop restaurant bar and grille, coffee shop and outdoor gym. Focusing on green design strategies, the building leverages passive air circulation, daylighting, green roofs, bay filter system and sustainable materials.
This document summarizes Jean Nouvel's Institut du Monde Arabe building in Paris. It provides background on Nouvel and his philosophy of merging insider and outsider perspectives. The Institut du Monde Arabe was a collaboration between Arab countries and France to showcase cultural fusion. Nouvel's design features two volumes around an inner courtyard, with distinctive north and south facades made of aluminum, glass and intricate windows. The building utilizes light, space and circulation elements like a glass atrium to create varied interior effects.
Amman Downtown Plan & Revitalization Strategy | Amman InstituteAmman Institute
The document provides a framework and strategy for downtown Amman development over the next 20 years. It analyzes key issues like loss of authentic role and function, inadequate public realm, and traffic problems. The vision is for an inclusive, commercially and residentially diverse city with historical identity. The strategy focuses on revitalizing commercial areas, creating vibrant public spaces, and providing attractive housing options. It proposes interventions like improving pedestrian networks, developing new parks and plazas, and supporting social and economic development through affordable housing, markets enhancement, and office/accommodation development.
The Al-Bahr Towers in Abu Dhabi feature a dynamic facade inspired by traditional Islamic mashrabiya wood lattice screens. The facade is made up of 2,000 umbrella-like transparent components on each tower that open and close in response to the sun's movement to reduce solar gain and glare. This dynamic shading system provides up to 50% reduction in solar heat gain and lowers energy consumption and carbon emissions. The towers were designed by Aedas Architects to achieve high environmental performance through passive design strategies like the innovative adaptive facade.
The document discusses Frank Gehry's approach to architecture and some of his most famous works. It provides background on Gehry and describes how he views each building as a sculptural object that responds to its context. Some of his most iconic buildings highlighted include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which is clad in titanium, glass and limestone with curved and folded exterior walls, and the Dancing House in Prague, inspired by dancers Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire.
The document provides background information on Adolf Loos and his critiques of ornamentation and Gesamtkunstwerk. It summarizes that Loos returned to Vienna in 1896 after time in America and was critical of the conservative Viennese architecture and the Secessionist movement. Loos published "Ornament and Crime" in 1908 to elaborate on his view that the Secessionists' use of ornament had no cultural relevance. The document then provides examples of Loos' architectural works from the early 20th century that demonstrated his purist style without ornament, including the Café Museum, Goldman & Salatsch store, and Kartner American Bar in Vienna.
عمارة المسكن - عمّان- في السبعينات إلى التسعينات - الاتجاه التقليدي Asmaa Alsoud
عمارة المسكن في عمّان في السبعينات إلى التسعينات - الاتجاه التقليدي
راسم بدران - أيمن زعيتر - وضاح العابدي
تنسيق : أسماء فوزي السعود
د. محمد ذيب متروك
عمارة محلية
جامعة آل البيت
2017
A presentation give on 21 December 2009, at the pilot NewThink event in Amman. It was a call to rediscover Amman and re-engage in its public urban life.
Geoffrey Bawa was a pioneering Sri Lankan architect known for developing tropical modernism. He fused vernacular architecture with modern concepts to create buildings suited for Sri Lanka's climate and culture. Some of his most notable works include the Parliament of Sri Lanka building and buildings for the University of Ruhuna, both of which respected the local context through use of traditional materials, forms, and spatial arrangements while employing modern design principles. Bawa is recognized for adapting architecture to sensitively fit the tropical environment and local traditions of Sri Lanka.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect born in 1867 who is considered one of the greatest architects of all time. He developed an organic style of architecture that aimed to harmonize structures with humanity and nature. Some of his most important works included Prairie style homes with low horizontal forms blending into the landscape, and public buildings like the Larkin Administration Building which pioneered innovations like air conditioning and suspended toilets. His Unity Temple, built in 1906, is considered one of his masterworks and one of the first modern buildings for its consolidation of aesthetic intent and structure through reinforced concrete. Wright designed over 1,000 structures in his career which demonstrated his mastery of form and integration of buildings with their surroundings.
High Rise Towers Detailed Plans | Amman InstituteAmman Institute
The document outlines the mayor of Amman's vision for developing high-rise towers as an integral part of the city's urban landscape in a planned manner. It discusses establishing designated High Density Mixed Use development areas within Amman based on criteria like access to infrastructure and transit. The goal is to accommodate growth through intensification while protecting the city's unique character, heritage, and existing neighborhoods.
The Yas Hotel in Abu Dhabi used parametric design to create a complex facade and interior spaces that respond visually to the environment. The grid shell facade features 5000 individually lit angled glass panels and a curved bridge encloses 980 square meters of interior space. Parametric design allowed the architects to combine aesthetics with efficiency while accelerating the design process.
Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect known for designing housing for the poor using local materials and construction methods. One of his most famous projects was New Gourna Village near Luxor, where he worked with villagers to design multifamily homes of mud brick that incorporated passive cooling techniques. Though the village was never completed, Fathy's work highlighted the importance of considering climate, culture and community involvement in architecture. He left behind over 160 projects demonstrating sustainable design appropriate for developing regions.
The document summarizes the history and development of housing in Amman, Jordan from the late 19th century to the 1920s. It discusses how the city began with the settlement of Circassian immigrants in 1878, with houses made of stone and mud bricks. It then covers the growth of the city due to economic and demographic changes in the early 20th century. Different house types that developed during this period are examined, including the al-Rewaq house with connected rooms and colonnade, and the central hall house which became more common and emulated Western villas. The architecture was influenced by surrounding regions but maintained local materials and styles.
The document describes the architecture of three traditional villages in Jordan - Hmud Village, Ma'in Village, and Um-El-Kunndom Village. It discusses the sites, buildings, construction materials, and design features of homes, churches, and other structures within the villages. The architecture represents the transition from semi-nomadic to agricultural lifestyles, and utilizes local stone like basalt and limestone in vernacular styles adapted to the natural environment.
The document summarizes the architectural development of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from the 18th century to the 1960s. It describes how the city evolved from a scattered settlement under Emperor Menelik II in the late 1800s to becoming Ethiopia's capital. Key developments included the introduction of modern techniques by Emperor Tewodros, the establishment of a distinct "Addis Ababa style" featuring decorative balconies and roofs, and influence from Italian architects during the fascist occupation in the 1930s-40s who proposed master plans and introduced plainer designs. By the 1960s, a construction boom saw foreign architects from various countries actively designing multi-story buildings in the city.
The document summarizes the architectural development of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from the 18th century to the 1960s. It describes how the city evolved from a scattered settlement under Emperor Menelik II in the late 1800s to becoming Ethiopia's capital. Key developments included the introduction of modern techniques by Emperor Tewodros, the establishment of a distinct "Addis Ababa style" featuring decorative balconies and roofs, and influence from Italian architects during the fascist occupation in the 1930s-40s who proposed master plans and introduced plainer designs. By the 1960s, a construction boom saw foreign architects from various countries actively designing multi-story buildings in the city.
The Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar was designed by architect I.M. Pei. Inspired by his study of Islamic architecture around the world, Pei designed an artificial island for the museum to ensure future buildings would not encroach. The saber-shaped museum was inspired by the Ahmad Ibn Tulun Mosque in Cairo.
The document discusses several examples of architecture including the conversion of an ancient slaughterhouse in Medina, Spain into a cooking school where the architects adapted the building while maintaining the traditional ceramic roofs and whitewashed walls.
It also describes the Jewish Museum in Berlin designed by Daniel Libeskind to express the disappearance of Jewish culture through its zigzag shape and
The city of Tel-Aviv originates in the late 1880s, with the first move by Jews outside the walls of Jaffa, then a small port town connected by a developed road system to other cities in the region.
In an attempt to create modern neighborhoods without the need of the defensive system of the town walls, which no longer offered protection in advanced warfare techniques.
Connaught Place and India Gate are two iconic landmarks in Delhi designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. Connaught Place is the central business district of Delhi, built in the 1930s as a circular complex housing shops and businesses. It features colonnaded walkways and was designed to blend European and Indian architectural styles. India Gate is a war memorial located near Rajpath, built in 1931 to commemorate Indian soldiers who died in World War I and other conflicts. It takes the form of a massive sandstone archway topped with sculptures and inscriptions.
The document provides an overview of traditional architecture in Jordan, describing the main types and giving examples. It then discusses the rehabilitation of the Kan Zaman site, a 19th century complex converted into a tourist village. While the project saved the site from decay, the evaluation notes issues with reconstruction methods that did not respect the original architecture and used incompatible modern materials like Portland cement. Overall, the rehabilitation extended the site's life but did not fully comply with conservation standards.
The document discusses the history and engineering of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It describes how the tower began tilting during construction in the 12th century due to unstable soil underneath the foundation. Efforts over the centuries to stabilize the tower by adding supports on the upper floors and balancing the weight distribution were described. Modern engineering interventions in the 1990s, such as adding steel cables and lead ingots, successfully halted the tower's inclination and prevented collapse.
The document provides a history and overview of Lumut, Malaysia. It discusses how Lumut was previously known as Tanah Merah and was the location of a historic signing delegating the Daerah Dinding region to Perak in 1935. It also outlines the development of Lumut from 1800 to the present, including the construction of shop houses, a navy base, and land reclamation projects. Charts are presented on the racial composition, economy, education levels, religions, and ages of people in Lumut. In summary, the document examines the historical background and development of Lumut as well as provides demographic information about its current population.
The document provides a history of Lumut, Malaysia and details on its morphology, architecture, and community background. Lumut was previously known as Tanah Merah and was the site of an important historical signing ceremony. It has developed from a small coastal town serving the local navy community to a maritime tourism destination with recreational areas, commercial buildings, and residential developments. The population is predominantly Malay and senior citizens, though many young people have migrated elsewhere for work. Key industries include government, business, fishing, and tourism.
The document provides details about the urban planning and architecture of Fatehpur Sikri, the capital city of the Mughal Empire built in the late 16th century. It was carefully planned with buildings oriented on a north-south axis and organized based on terrain. Key complexes included the Mosque Complex, Imperial Complex, and public areas. The Imperial Complex featured buildings like the Diwan-i-Khas and Panch Mahal with intricate designs, demonstrating Akbar's vision and the skilled craftsmanship of the time.
Lecture19 Traditional Architecture Of Kuwait And The Reg A YmGalala University
Traditional architecture in Kuwait and the region was influenced by various cultural, environmental, economic, social, and political factors. The hot desert climate and scarce building materials led to thick-walled houses with small windows and courtyards. Wealthier families lived in large seaside homes while poorer families lived inland in smaller homes. Extended families lived together and homes were designed to separate male and female spaces. As Kuwait grew into a trading center, its architecture flourished until modernization in the 1950s led to demolition of many traditional homes.
The Sultan Abdul Samad Building in Kuala Lumpur utilizes several architectural principles in its design, including rhythm, repetition, hierarchy, and symmetry. Rhythm is shown through repetitive elements like windows and arches. Repetition creates patterns with identical shapes. Hierarchy is demonstrated by the central clock tower being taller than the two flanking towers. Symmetry is most prominent, with the front facade and towers arranged symmetrically around the central axis.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an influential American architect known for pioneering the Prairie School style. Some key principles in his work included simplicity, harmony with the environment, and bringing people joy. He is renowned for buildings like Fallingwater, the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, and the Guggenheim Museum in New York. The document provides case studies on the Imperial Hotel and Guggenheim, highlighting their innovative designs that integrated with their sites and used new materials like concrete. It also summarizes Wright's Unity Temple, known for its modern geometric forms that broke from church architectural conventions of the time.
Gondarian architecture developed after the 16th century war with the Adal Sultanate. Gondar was established as the new capital by Emperor Fasiladas in 1635. The architecture was influenced by Jesuit missionaries and Portuguese soldiers, who introduced lime mortar, arched windows, and masonry. Characteristics include quadrangular castles with battlements, arched windows, and asymmetric designs. The imperial compound contained numerous palaces built in sequence. Fasiladas' palace was a four-story landmark. Subsequent rulers also constructed residences there following its general plan. Other notable structures outside the compound included Emperor Fasiladas' public bath and Mintwab's palace at Qusquam
Gondarian architecture developed after the 16th century war with the Adal Sultanate. Emperor Fasiladas established Gondar as Ethiopia's capital in 1635, where distinct architectural styles emerged under foreign influence. The imperial compound contained several palaces built in a uniform style of dressed stone with battlements and arched windows. Jesuits and Portuguese introduced new masonry techniques. While asymmetrical with local character, Gondarian architecture remains an important part of Ethiopia's architectural heritage.
history of contemporary architecture - 15. International-Style-part.pptDania Abdel-aziz
The document discusses the International Style of architecture. It was introduced in the early 20th century and is characterized by features like asymmetry, abstract forms, flat roofs, large windows and lack of ornamentation. The style emerged from new construction techniques using steel and concrete. Key architects who helped develop the style included Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson. Examples of buildings highlighted include the Glass House, Unité d'Habitation and Bauhaus school.
history of contemporary architecture - 18. Frank-Lloyd-Wright.pptDania Abdel-aziz
Frank Lloyd Wright was an influential American architect known for designing iconic buildings using organic and modern styles. Some of his most famous works include Fallingwater, the Johnson Wax Building, and the Guggenheim Museum. Wright broke from traditional architectural styles and emphasized allowing the interior and exterior to flow together, using asymmetrical designs, and focusing on the relationship between buildings and their natural surroundings. He had a significant influence on modern architecture in the United States during the early 20th century.
history of contemporary architecture - 16. Le Corbusier.pptDania Abdel-aziz
Le Corbusier was influenced by various architects and artistic movements in developing his early works and principles of architecture. He drew from Tony Garnier's industrial city ideas, Auguste Perret's reinforced concrete techniques, the German Werkbund group's machine aesthetics, Cubism's abstraction of forms, and De Stijl's use of pure geometry. These influences led him to establish five principles for a new architecture - pilotis, free plan, free facade, ribbon windows, and roof gardens. His Villa Savoye exemplified these principles and represented his vision of creating a house as a "machine for living in."
history of contemporary architecture - 13.-The-Bauhaus-School(1).pptDania Abdel-aziz
The Bauhaus School was an influential art and design school established in Germany after World War 1. It aimed to merge art, craft, and technology with a goal of reforming design education. The school had three directors over its existence from 1919 to 1932 and was forced to close under the Nazi regime. It emphasized simplicity, functionality, and experimentation through workshops. Bauhaus buildings featured flat roofs, cubic shapes, and minimal ornamentation which influenced the modern International Style of architecture.
history of contemporary architecture - Modern Architecture.pptDania Abdel-aziz
Modern architecture originated in the late 19th century in Europe and the United States and spread worldwide. It is characterized by an emphasis on simplicity, clarity of form, exposed structure, and the use of industrial materials like iron, steel, and concrete. Important early modern architects included Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Mies van der Rohe. Their pioneering designs embraced new technologies and rejected ornamentation in favor of forms following functions. I.M. Pei is a renowned modernist known for his large-scale, geometric glass and steel buildings that result from original design concepts rather than adherence to theory or style.
history of contemporary architecture - 18. The capitalist city, Megalopolis, ...Dania Abdel-aziz
The document discusses the development of cities during the Industrial Revolution and the rise of capitalism. Some key points:
- Urbanization rates increased dramatically in Western countries between the 1600s-1800s as millions migrated to cities. By the late 1800s, over half of England's population lived in cities.
- The growth of industrial cities led to poor living conditions for working classes, with overcrowding, lack of sanitation, and high disease rates. Wealthier classes established new residential districts on the edges of cities.
- As capitalism took hold, urban land became seen as a source of income. Central downtown areas focused on economic activity, and wealthy residents sought new neighborhoods on the outskirts.
-
history of contemporary architecture - 06. Art Nouveau - Part 1.pptDania Abdel-aziz
Art Nouveau was a style that originated in France in the late 19th century that rejected historical revival styles in favor of new organic forms inspired by nature. Key characteristics included flowing, curved lines; natural motifs like flowers; and an emphasis on craftsmanship. Pioneering Art Nouveau architects like Victor Horta, Hector Guimard, and Henry Van de Velde designed buildings, interiors, and objects that featured these organic forms and rejected traditional ornamentation. The style embraced many art forms and spread across Europe in the early 20th century before being replaced by modernist styles.
history of contemporary architecture - 09.Secession.pptDania Abdel-aziz
The document discusses the Secession movement and Adolf Loos's role in developing the Pre-Modern style. The Secession movement rebelled against traditional historical styles of art, seeking to create a completely new abstract style. Loos rejected ornamentation in architecture, viewing it as a waste of resources. He developed a Pre-Modern style for Vienna in 1910 that was unornamented, functional, and suited the emerging social and economic conditions through his writings and built works.
history of contemporary architecture - 05. Arts and Crafts Movement.pptDania Abdel-aziz
The Arts and Crafts movement began in 1850 as a reaction against the poor conditions faced by factory workers during the Industrial Revolution. It sought to re-establish harmony between design and craftsmanship through handmade, affordable objects. Key figures like William Morris, Philip Webb, and John Ruskin promoted this philosophy. The Red House, designed by Webb in 1859, exemplified the movement's rejection of revivalist styles through its asymmetrical design and integration of craft elements.
history of contemporary architecture - 10. Futurism.pptDania Abdel-aziz
Futurist architecture began in the early 20th century as a rejection of traditional styles and an embrace of modernity and technology. Antonio Sant'Elia was a key figure who translated the Futurist vision into bold urban designs, though most remained unbuilt. His 1914 Manifesto of Futurist Architecture advocated for an architecture of steel, glass and other modern materials that incorporated dynamic oblique lines over static horizontals and verticals. Sant'Elia's visionary but unbuilt works were highly influential and helped establish the foundations for modern architecture in the mid-20th century.
history of contemporary architecture - 02. Local Revivals .pptDania Abdel-aziz
Local revivals emerged simultaneously with neoclassicism in countries. Some architects felt neoclassicism did not respect local architecture. Gothic revivalism became popular as Gothic architecture was seen as more in line with local styles. Gothic cathedrals were restored and the Gothic Revival was advocated by figures like John Ruskin. A prominent Gothic Revival architect was Sir George Gilbert Scott, known for buildings like St Pancras Hotel. Other revivals included Greek Revival and classical revivalism in 17th century Italy. In the 19th century, there were reactions against revivalism through avant-garde styles, while some continued exploring classical orders through architects like Ledoux and in buildings like Villa Capra.
history of contemporary architecture - 03. Avant-Garde and Beaux Arts.pptDania Abdel-aziz
The document discusses the emergence of avant-garde architecture and Beaux-Arts style in opposition to revivalism. Avant-garde architects rejected copying historical styles and sought to synthesize the past in a modern way. One example of their approach is the Beaux-Arts style, which was taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and emphasized understanding rather than copying the past. A key example of Beaux-Arts architecture is the Paris Opera House, designed by Charles Garnier between 1862 and 1875, which became hugely influential with its symmetrical facade, sculptural elements, and use of classical details in a grand manner.
history of contemporary architecture - 02.1 Eclecticism .pptDania Abdel-aziz
The 19th century saw a proliferation of architectural styles as many historical elements and styles were adopted and exported to new places. Styles were chosen not just for fashion but for their symbolic meanings, with different styles representing concepts like justice, learning, and commerce. Eclecticism reigned as the dominant approach. Norman Shaw was a leading English architect of this period, skilled at handling richer surfaces and elaborate skylines for wealthy clients. Various movements also emerged that would influence modern architecture, including Japonism, Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau, and garden cities, but European architecture remained confident and prosperous overall.
history of contemporary architecture - 17. Russian-Constructivism.pptDania Abdel-aziz
Constructivism originated in Russia in 1919 as a rejection of autonomous art in favor of art serving social purposes. It greatly influenced 20th century art movements like the Bauhaus and De Stijl. Constructivism aimed to analyze materials and forms to design functional objects rather than focus on beauty or representation. It sought to express the experience of modern life through dynamism, space, and time. The movement developed a new form of art to support the democratic goals of the Russian Revolution but ended after Lenin's death. Key figures included Tatlin, Melnikov, and Lissitzky, and the movement influenced architecture, design, theater and more through use of industrial materials and minimal, geometric forms.
history of contemporary architecture - 13.-The-Bauhaus-School.pptDania Abdel-aziz
The document summarizes the Bauhaus School, an influential art and design school that operated in Germany between 1919 and 1933. It was founded by Walter Gropius and brought together various crafts and arts to merge function and aesthetics. The school emphasized simplicity, functionality and experimentation with new materials and forms. It rejected ornamentation in favor of clean geometric designs and had a significant influence on modern architecture and design. The school was forced to close under Nazi rule due to its left-leaning philosophies.
history of contemporary architecture - 04. Structural Changes for Cities.pptDania Abdel-aziz
The document discusses several key structural changes in cities during the 19th century as a result of industrialization and new building materials and techniques. The industrial revolution led to the emergence of engineering as a new discipline separate from architecture. New materials like steel and cast iron allowed for larger spans and more open floor plans in structures like bridges, factories, and exhibition buildings. Major projects from this era emphasized the use of iron, steel, and glass, including Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace for the 1851 Great Exhibition in London. Gustave Eiffel's iconic Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Paris World's Fair, demonstrated the capabilities of structural ironwork. Reinforced concrete was also developed, changing construction methods. These territorial,
history of contemporary architecture - 11. Expressionism.pptDania Abdel-aziz
Expressionism was an early 20th century art movement centered in Germany that sought to convey deep emotional content through abstraction and distortion rather than realism. In architecture, Expressionist buildings often had sculptural, irrational forms that were personalized and idiosyncratic. Bruno Taut was a German architect active during this period who is considered an Expressionist. Some of his notable works include the Glass Pavilion built in 1914, made of concrete and brightly colored glass, and the Horseshoe Estate residential development built in Berlin between 1925-1927, featuring curved buildings arranged around a central pond. Expressionist architecture tended to use materials like glass, steel and brick, and forms that were individualistic compared to other styles of the time.
history of contemporary architecture - 14. Cubism + De Stijl.pptDania Abdel-aziz
Cubism had three key influences on architecture according to the document:
1. It rejected traditional techniques of perspective and modeling, instead emphasizing the two-dimensionality of the canvas.
2. Architects like Le Corbusier were influenced by Cubism's fracturing of objects into geometric forms and use of multiple perspectives.
3. Movements like De Stijl and Purism directly incorporated Cubist ideas like planar elements, primary colors, and intersecting geometric planes into architectural works.
history of contemporary architecture - 01. Neo Classicism.pptDania Abdel-aziz
This document provides an overview of territorial, technical, and cultural changes in the 19th century and their effects on city design. It discusses how the invention of trains and factories led to rapid urbanization and population growth. New building materials like cast iron enabled open floor plans and large interior spaces. Culturally, Neoclassicism emerged as the dominant style, though some movements sought national identity through local revivals. The document provides examples of Neoclassical works like Ledoux's ideal city plan, Jefferson's University of Virginia campus design, and Schinkel's Altes Museum in Berlin to illustrate these trends in architecture during this time period.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
4. King Abdullah Palace,
Ma'an Railroad Station, Ma'an
• With over twenty free standing buildings, the Ma'an Raliroad Station, located
just outside the city of Ma'an, is one of the largest stations constructed along
the Hijaz Raliroad.
• The railroad from Damascus in Syria to Medina in the Hijaz, with a line
branching from Dira along the modern Jordanian-Syrian border to Haifa in
northern Palestine.
• The Ottoman Sultan ‘Abd al Hamid 2 (1876-1909) gave orders to initiate
construction of the railroad in 1900. work continued until 1908, when the
railroad line reached Medina, although construction on some of the station
building most probably continued after that date.
• In addition to containing buildings needed for running a railroad station, the
Ma'an station also included a hospital and a hotel.
• The King Abdullah Palace is the building planned for use as hotel.
• The structure is now referred to as the King Abdullah Palace because he used it
as his residence for a short while.
4/6/2022 4
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
5. • He arrived in Ma'an from the Hijaz
in November of 1920 and left for
Amman in February of 1921.
• Following that, the building served
as type of hotel.
• By the 1980s it was deserted.
• In 1994, Mutah university, started a
project aimed at renovating the
structure and converting it into a
museum of Jordanian political
history, archaeology, and
anthropology.
• The architect in charge of the
renovation was Ammar khammash.
4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 5
King Abdullah Palace,
Ma'an Railroad Station, Ma'an
6. • It is difficult to establish the exact
identity of the designer(s) of the
Ma'an station buildings.
• However, it is known that the
design and construction of the
Hijaz Railroad was placed under
the supervision of a German
engineers, about half of whom
were foreigners (non Ottomans).
Of the foreign half, the majority
were German.
4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 6
King Abdullah Palace,
Ma'an Railroad Station, Ma'an
7. The King Abdullah Palace employs many of
the architectural and constructional
features also found in the buildings of
Salt belonging to the same period.
This is evident in the use of:
• load bearing exterior and interior walls,
• tubzeh stones for the exterior,
• red tiles for the roof,
• features of Western classical origins
such as the rustication around the
windows,
• steel beams for supporting the ceilings.
4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 7
King Abdullah Palace,
Ma'an Railroad Station, Ma'an
8. • The structure, however, was
unusual for the area because of its
use of wooden floors.
• Wood is scarce in the country, and
has therefore been used very
sparingly in building construction.
• The renovation project has
included the Palace itself and a
small building located in front of
it. It also consists of the addition of
a new structure containing toilet
facilities and a plaza located next
to the Palace.
4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 8
King Abdullah Palace,
Ma'an Railroad Station, Ma'an
10. Municipality Building,
Salt
• This house, located in the central district of Salt.
• It was built by “Ala al-din Tuqan (11827-1944).
• Tuqan was born in Nablus but moved to Salt at an early age. During the
late-1920s, he moved to Amman where he occupied a number of important
public positions.
• In 1929, he was elected to Jordan's first Legislative Council and was
appointed as head of the department of Antiquities (then a ministerial
position). Between 1933 and 1937, he served as Mayor of Amman.
4/6/2022 10
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
11. Municipality Building,
Salt
• The designer and dates of construction on the house are unknown.
• However, it is believed that the house was constructed over two –or
possibly three-phases.
• The first phase dates to about 1900-1905, and the ground floor of the house
is believed to belong to this phase.
• Its also believed that the section containing service and storage areas, and
located to the southeast of the main structure, was built during the same
period.
• The second phase dates to 1910 -1915, and the first floor and the porticoed
balcony located in front of the ground floor are believed to belong to this
phase.
• However, since the carvings on the capitals of the balcony columns differ
in quality and character from the carvings found on the remaining parts of
the buildings front façade, it is possible that the balcony was built between
these two phases.
4/6/2022 11
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
12. 4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 12
General view of Salt
Municipality Building,
Salt
13. 4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 13
General view of Tuqan House
Municipality Building,
Salt
14. • After Ala al-Din Tuqan left Salt, the house was rented out.
• Its tenants included Sudqi al-QASSEM, who held an administrative
position (Qa”im-maqam) in salt during the 1930s.
• The house was later used as a school until the mid-1980s when it was
deserted.
• In 1989, the Municipality of Salt and the Salt Development Corporation (A
Private-sector, non-profit organization which aims at improving the city on
the architectural, urban, social, and economic levels) decided to buy the
house and renovate it.
• The Tuqan family sold the house to them for a symbolic price, and
renovation work was carried out between 1991 and 1992.
• Since the completion of the renovation, the structure has served as offices
for administrative departments of the Salt municipality.
• The architects in charge of the restoration were Talib al-Rifai, Ismail
Tahhan, and Zahir Bushnaq.
4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 14
Municipality Building,
Salt
15. 4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 15
View of second-story courtyard showing
simple segmented arched windows.
Detail of richly decorated street façade showing
elements of classical inspiration.
Note that, the courtyard spaces are sparsely decorated in contrast to the ornate front
street façade, and use local traditional architectural features rather than showing
Western influence .
Municipality Building,
Salt
16. 4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 16
View of the front façade porticoed balcony.
Portico facing the second story courtyard.
Municipality Building,
Salt
17. 4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 17
• The house is located along one of Salts major streets and on a sloping site.
It is an urban structure which only presents one façade to the outside world,
the street façade, but merges with adjacent structures from the other sides.
• Its open spaces consist of small courtyards located within the boundaries of
the structure rather than a garden surrounding the structure.
• In the sense, it differs from the other houses presented in this study which
are free-standing structures surrounded by a garden.
• The ground floor of the house is built into the slope of the site and provides
a platform on which the larger first floor sits. The service quarters are
located on the same levels as the first floor.
Municipality Building,
Salt
18. • The house holds a very important position in the development of early-
twentieth-century architecture in Transjordan. This large residential
structure, with its symmetrical façade, monumental porticoed balcony and
elaborate classizing stonework, is one of the more significant structures
built in the what was then the areas major urban center.
• Also, the two primary phases of construction for the house show the
transition that took place in the region during that period from the use of
traditional to modern construction techniques.
• The earlier part of the house has unpolished and roughly-cut stone floors,
and its ceiling consist of barrel and groin vaults made of rubble stone
covered with stucco plastering. In contrast, the later part of the house has
terrazzo floors with colored patterns, and its ceiling consist of steel beams
supporting reinforced concrete slabs.
4/6/2022 Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8 18
Municipality Building,
Salt
21. Darat Al-Funun Complex
• Three houses are located in luweibdeh (primarly as a middle class area).
• It is much smaller than Jabal Amman. This is partly because its growth was
blocked by the valleys from the north and south, and by the compounds of
the army and security forces in the Abdali area from the west
• The three houses comprising the Darat al-funun complex are among the
more interesting houses built in Jordan during the period under
consideration.
• Darat al-funun is part of the Abdul Hameed Shoman foundation, a non-
profit cultural foundation established by the Arab bank, and named after
the founder of the bank.
• Darat Al-Funun is primarily concerned with promoting the visual arts, and
its activities include acquiring works of art, organizing exhibitions, holding
workshops for artists, and administering multi-media library for printed
materials, slides, and videos.
4/6/2022 21
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
22. • The Darat Al-Funun complex is unique among the older houses of Amman
in that its site includes more than one house, and because one architect,
Ammar Khammash, renovated its three houses.
• Together, the houses occupy most of a city block which is defined by
streets from three sides and a public stair from the fourth. Such stairs are
common in the older parts of Amman and serve to provide pedestrian
connections between the downtown district and the surrounding hills .
• Initially Darat Al-Funun only included Darat 1 (also known as the Humud
House ). Later on, Darat 2 (also known as Abdo House 1) was purchased
and renovated, and Darat 3 (also known as Abdo House 2) the last to be
added to the complex.
• Most of the walls separating the three houses have been removed, and
they now share the same grounds.
• The complex also includes the restored ruins of a byzantine church.
4/6/2022 22
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
Darat Al-Funun Complex
23. Darat 1
• Darat 1 is the largest of the three houses.
• It was built by Nimr Abdullah al-Humud, an important figure in Jordanian
public life, and a member of one of Salt’s major families.
• Although the house’s exact date of construction is unknown, it can be said
that it was probably built around 1920.
• Al-Humud rented the house, and its best-known (and probably first )
tenant was lieutenant-colonel Fredreick Peake (Peake Pasha ), the founder
of the Jordanian Army, and the most important British official residing in
Jordan during the 1920s and 1930s.
4/6/2022 23
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
24. Darat 1
• Following that, the house served as a residence for British officers and an
army officer’s club.
• After the Arabization of the Jordanian army in 1956, the British army left
the house and it was rented out as a residence and later as a school.
• It was deserted during the late 1970s.
• In 1992, the Shoman foundation bought the house to renovate it as the
Darat Al-Funun building.
• Renovation works was completed in 1993.
4/6/2022 24
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
25. The back façade of Darat 1. the
section of house is part of a later
addition probably dating to the 1930s.
The upper level was added during the
recent renovation work.
The front
façade of Darat
1 showing the
semi-circular
balcony and
the lower level
apartment.
Darat 1
4/6/2022 25
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
26. Front view of Darat
1 showing the two
symmetrically-
arranged stairs
leading to the semi-
circular balcony
which also functions
as the house’s main
entrance.
Darat 1
4/6/2022 26
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
27. • The house is one of the more elaborate houses of the period. It occupies
an impressive location which provides commanding views of the Amman
citadel, Jabal Amman, and the downtown area.
• Darat 1 is also unusual in that its site contains the remains of a Byzantine
church. Next to the church is a cave that may have served as the tomb of a
holy person or anther type of a holy place.
• This spacious house originally consisted of basement level built into the
slope of the site, and a main story. Peake carried out a number of changer
and additions to the house during the 1920s and 1930s. Other additions
have been made as part of the recent renovation work. These consist of a
second-story extension which houses the Drat library, and an annex, which
serves as a stronger area, located in the garden.
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Darat 1
28. The remains of a byzantine
church are located in the garden
of Darat 1.
A small balcony in Darat 1 supported by
steel beams.
Darat 1
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29. Interior view of Darat 3
Interior view looking out at
the semi-circular balcony
of Darat 1
Darat 1
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30. Interior stair in Darat 1 leads to the
annex that has been added as part
of the recent renovation work
Darat 1
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31. Darat 2 & 3
• Darat 2 & 3 (the Abdo houses) are located to the north of Darat 1. These
single story, three-bayed structures are situated higher up on the hill
containing Darat1, and therefore overlook it.
• They were built after Darat 1, during the 1920s by Ismail Haqqi Abdo (1890-
1942).
• Abdo was born in Acre and had held a number of important posts with the
Ottoman government before moving to Amman during the early-1920s. In
Amman, he became advisor to Peake until the mid 1930s when he resigned
to work in private business.
• Abdo lived in Darat 2 and rented Darat 3. the first tenant of Darat 3 was
Fuad al-Khatib a well-known man of letters in Amman who also worked in
King Abdullah’s court.
• During the 1940s and 1950s, it was rented to Suleiman Al-Nabulsi who
served as prime minister of Jordan from 1956 to 1957. During the late
1950s, the house reverted to the Abdo family, and its members inhabited
the two houses until the Shoman Foundation purchased the houses during
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32. Darat 2 front
façade and
traditional
fountain. The
colorful wooden
balcony was
added by
Ammar
Khammash, the
architect in
charge of
renovation as a
homage to
traditional
Circassia
architecture.
Darat
2
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33. The balcony and garden in
front of Darat 2 is used as
an outdoor café.
Interior view of Darat 2
showing one of spaces
with traditional fireplace.
Darat
2
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34. Fountain in garden cafe Interior of Darat 3
Darat
3
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35. • Architecturally, the two houses are relatively simple in character. As with
Darat 1, an addition consisting of a number of rooms was made to Darat 3,
probably during the late 1930s.
• Another addition, consisting of one room, has been made to Darat 3 as
part of the renovation work.
• Unlike the other structures considered in this study, the exterior surfaces of
Darat 2 consist of painted concrete, rather than stone blocks.
• Also, the architect in charge of the renovation, Ammar Khammash, has
further constructed the house from the other houses of the Darat by the
addition of a colored wooden balcony, inspired from Circassia wood
architecture, in front of the house’s main entrance.
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Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz/ Lecture 8
Darat 2 & 3
36. • Darat 1 currently includes exhibition spaces, studios, offices, and a library.
• Darat 2 contains exhibition spaces and offices.
• Darat 3 contains studio spaces and a residence for out-of-town guests of
the Darat.
• A small outdoor café is located in front of Darat 2, around a small fountain.
Such fountains were very common in the houses of Amman from that
period, and a similar fountain is also found in front of Darat 3 .
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Darat Al-Funun Complex
37. Steel beams support the canopy over the main
entrance to Darat 3
Darat
3
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38. Side entrance to Darat 3.
the door has metal
shutters and in contrast
the window has wooden
View of window showing
the simply arranged
vertical and horizontal iron
bars
Darat
3
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39. Traditional fountain in front
of Darat 3
Wooden door of Darat 3
Darat
3
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40. Interior view of Darat 3 showing one of the side rooms
and the central hall.
Darat
3
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41. References
Old houses of Jordan, Amman (1920-1950), TURAB.
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