Lecture 1.1: CommunismLecture 1.1: CommunismLecture 1.1: CommunismLecture 1.1: Communism (Unit 1) (Unit 1) (Unit 1) (Unit 1) CAPS 407: Cultural and Political SystemsCAPS 407: Cultural and Political SystemsCAPS 407: Cultural and Political SystemsCAPS 407: Cultural and Political Systems MMMMethod of Delivery: ethod of Delivery: ethod of Delivery: ethod of Delivery: OnlineOnlineOnlineOnline Instructor: Patty Zakaria Instructor: Patty Zakaria Instructor: Patty Zakaria Instructor: Patty Zakaria � An ideology can be viewed as a set of ideas or beliefs held by individuals about the world, domestic politics, and international system. Political Scientists Kay Lawson defined ideology as “a comprehensive set of beliefs and attitudes about social and economic institutions and process” (1999, G-5). What What What What is an ideology? is an ideology? is an ideology? is an ideology? � Ideology can also be viewed as values individuals have or beliefs (something they strongly believe in) � Political ideology is similar it just includes a political element. � For example, an individual or party's ideology can be social-democracy. � Liberal party in Canada follows social- democracy ideology. What is an ideology? What is an ideology? What is an ideology? What is an ideology? � Political ideology starts with.... ◦ Human nature, which can take on the following roles: � 1) Pessimistic nature - the person is self-centered, selfish as well as non-cooperative with others in society. � 2) Optimistic nature - the person is good natured, rational individual, and cooperates with others in society. � It is important to note that an individual's human nature will help them develop their political ideology. So how is political ideology So how is political ideology So how is political ideology So how is political ideology developed? developed? developed? developed? � In addition to human nature, agents of political socialization as well as political and economic factors help to develop one’s political ideology. Political socialization is the life-long process of acquiring—and eventually passing on—values, beliefs, and opinions about a society and its political culture Agents of political socialization refer to the following factors: family, peers, media, school, social/economic status, gender, and religious affiliation. So how is political ideology So how is political ideology So how is political ideology So how is political ideology developed? developed? developed? developed? � 1) Conservatism � 2) Liberalism � 3) Socialism (the concept of socialism covers a wide range of beliefs from a moderate to hard-line view, for example, from democratic socialism to Maoist Communism) � 4) Fascism Five major ideologies are as Five major ideologies are as Five major ideologies are as Five major ideologies are as follows: follows: follows: follows: � Kay Lawson (1999) offers are gr ...

1. Lecture 1.1: CommunismLecture 1.1: CommunismLecture 1.1:
CommunismLecture 1.1: Communism
(Unit 1) (Unit 1) (Unit 1) (Unit 1)
CAPS 407: Cultural and Political SystemsCAPS 407: Cultural
and Political SystemsCAPS 407: Cultural and Political
SystemsCAPS 407: Cultural and Political Systems
MMMMethod of Delivery: ethod of Delivery: ethod of Delivery:
ethod of Delivery: OnlineOnlineOnlineOnline
Instructor: Patty Zakaria Instructor: Patty Zakaria Instructor:
Patty Zakaria Instructor: Patty Zakaria
� An ideology can be viewed as a set of ideas
or beliefs held by individuals about the world,
domestic politics, and international system.
Political Scientists Kay Lawson defined
ideology as “a comprehensive set of beliefs
and attitudes about social and economic
institutions and process” (1999, G-5).
What What What What is an ideology? is an ideology? is an
ideology? is an ideology?
� Ideology can also be viewed as values
individuals have or beliefs (something they
strongly believe in)

2. � Political ideology is similar it just includes a
political element.
� For example, an individual or party's ideology
can be social-democracy.
� Liberal party in Canada follows social-
democracy ideology.
What is an ideology? What is an ideology? What is an
ideology? What is an ideology?
� Political ideology starts with....
◦ Human nature, which can take on the following
roles:
� 1) Pessimistic nature - the person is self-centered,
selfish as well as non-cooperative with others in
society.
� 2) Optimistic nature - the person is good natured,
rational individual, and cooperates with others in
society.
� It is important to note that an individual's
human nature will help them develop their
political ideology.
So how is political ideology So how is political ideology So
how is political ideology So how is political ideology
developed? developed? developed? developed?

3. � In addition to human nature, agents of
political socialization as well as political and
economic factors help to develop one’s
political ideology. Political socialization is the
life-long process of acquiring—and
eventually passing on—values, beliefs, and
opinions about a society and its political
culture Agents of political socialization refer
to the following factors: family, peers, media,
school, social/economic status, gender, and
religious affiliation.
So how is political ideology So how is political ideology So
how is political ideology So how is political ideology
developed? developed? developed? developed?
� 1) Conservatism
� 2) Liberalism
� 3) Socialism (the concept of socialism covers
a wide range of beliefs from a moderate to
hard-line view, for example, from democratic
socialism to Maoist Communism)
� 4) Fascism
Five major ideologies are as Five major ideologies are as Five
major ideologies are as Five major ideologies are as
follows: follows: follows: follows:
� Kay Lawson (1999) offers are great

4. understanding of the different ideologies
presents here. Below is a replication of her
characteristics of the major political
ideologies presented.
Political Ideology Political Ideology Political Ideology Political
Ideology
Socialism:Socialism:Socialism:Socialism: An ideology that
hold that
human beings readily engage in cooperative
social activity and that the state, controlled
by the workers should own or at least
control the means of production , an
economic system in which the states
controls all or most of the means of
production (1999, G-10)
LiberalismLiberalismLiberalismLiberalism: An ideology that
sees the role of
government as protecting individual liberties
while at the same time ensuring everyone the
chance to lead the best possible life and to
fulfill his or her individual potential. (1999,
G-6)
Conservatism: Conservatism: Conservatism: Conservatism:
An ideology that stresses
conserving what exists; takes a non-
egalitarian view of human nature, and holds
order, community, loyalty, protection of
individual freedoms, piety, and nationalism
as its highest values. (1999, G-3)

5. FascismFascismFascismFascism: A far-right ideology based on
the
principle that race, nationalism, and absolute
obedience to authoritarian leadership are the
highest values (1999, G-4)
Political Ideology Political Ideology Political Ideology Political
Ideology
Source: Kay Lawson (1999). Brief version:
The Human Polity – A comparative
Introduction to political Science ,
Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, USA.
Key Areas Socialism Liberalism Conservatism Fascism
Preferred means
of effecting change
Revolution Persuasion and democratic elections Coup d’état
Human nature Predominantly
unselfish and social
Somewhat selfish yet social Selfish, unsocial
Role of state Ensure fair
distribution of
wealth
Protect individual liberty
Protect traditional values
Total Control

6. Most important
values
Economic equality Freedom and
political equality
Freedom and
order
Order
Political Ideology Political Ideology Political Ideology Political
Ideology
Source: Kay Lawson (1999). Brief version:
The Human Polity – A comparative
Introduction to political Science ,
Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, USA.
10
Communism vs. Fascism Communism vs. Fascism Communism
vs. Fascism Communism vs. Fascism
Source: Redefining the Political Spectrum Redefining the
Political Spectrum Redefining the Political Spectrum
Redefining the Political Spectrum
- The Rational Spectrum- The Rational Spectrum- The Rational
Spectrum- The Rational Spectrum
By - June 20, 2004

7. Left Vs. RightLeft Vs. RightLeft Vs. RightLeft Vs. Right
Source: Redefining the Political Spectrum Redefining the
Political Spectrum Redefining the Political Spectrum
Redefining the Political Spectrum
- The Rational Spectrum- The Rational Spectrum- The Rational
Spectrum- The Rational Spectrum
By - June 20, 2004
Example of political ideology of politicians Example of
political ideology of politicians Example of political ideology
of politicians Example of political ideology of politicians
Source: Redefining the Political Spectrum Redefining the
Political Spectrum Redefining the Political Spectrum
Redefining the Political Spectrum
- The Rational Spectrum- The Rational Spectrum- The Rational
Spectrum- The Rational Spectrum
By - June 20, 2004
2013-3-29
Source for slides:Source for slides:Source for slides:Source for
slides:
� Kay Lawson (1999). Brief version: The Human
Polity – A comparative Introduction to
political Science , Houghton Mifflin Company:
Boston, USA.

8. 1. Your Culture Creates Organizational Culture
Some students think that they do not have much of a culture at
their organization. The truth is that every organization has a
culture! Your organizational culture can be related to the way
that employees dress, the way that they communicate, or even
how they decorate their work environment.
An organizational culture is often formed through the many
different people that make up the company. These diverse traits
may be your race, ethnicity, gender, age, nationality, religion,
sexual orientation, ability, etc. Take some time to think about
your own cultural background and how this can add to your
work culture. Share these cultural pieces with us in this
Discussion. Try to not focus on just one aspect of yourself, but
try to utilize as many cultural elements as possible. Also,
address why culture is important in communication. How does
your culture affect your communication with others in the
workplace?
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support
your claims with examples from required material(s) and/or
other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.
Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7.
2. Effective Conflict Resolution
For this multi-media assignment, watch the Tim Scudder
Interview. Write a discussion response about a specific conflict
you have experienced with someone else. Although preferred,
the conflict does not have to be work-related. Discuss why the
conflict was not handled effectively and what could have been
done differently.

9. Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support
your claims with examples from required material(s) and/or
other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.
Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7.
3. Assignment
To complete the following assignment, go to this
week's Assignment link in the left navigation.
4. Final Paper Outline
Read the Assignment Instructions for the Final Paper. Write a
full sentence outline of your final paper (12 point font, Times
New Roman font, double spaced). In your outline, create at least
one section for each of the five concepts that you will use in
your final paper. Be sure to include a bibliography with at least
two of the sources that you will use for your final paper. Please
make sure that the sources that you use are listed in the APA
format.
Cite your resources in text and on the reference page. For
information regarding APA samples and tutorials, visit the
Ashford Writing Center, within the Learning Resources tab on
the left navigation toolbar.
Group Paper:
Students will be expected to prepare a short paper (4-6 pages)
from the list below. For the paper,
students should select one a political figure and apply one of
the theories discussed in the course. For

10. example, if you select Margaret Thatcher than you would select
XYZ ideology, which corresponds to
Thatcher. Once you select the correct political figure and the
corresponding political ideology, than you
must discuss why this particular political figure fits this
ideology by discussing policies or actions. Due
June 9
Political Figure:
1) Margaret Thatcher
2) Ronald Reagan
3) George W. Bush
4) Saddam Hussein
5) Barack Obama
6) William Clinton
7) Francois Mitterrand
8) Mao
Political Ideology:
1) Neo-Conservatism
2) Authoritarianism
3) Conservatism

11. 4) Liberal
5) Socialist
6) Communist totalitarian