Telecom Systems for telecommunication engineering

1. Telecommunication Systems
TE-406
Course Instructor: Engr. Usman Ali
Department of Telecommunication
Engineering
U.E.T Mardan
Lecture 04

2. Evolution of Cellular Networks
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3. Evolution of Cellular Networks
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4. Wireless Telecommunication Systems
WHAT IS WIRELESS ?
The word wireless is dictionary defined “having no wires ” .
In networking terminology , wireless is the term used to
describe any computer network where there is no physical
wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather
the network is connected by radio waves and or
microwaves to maintain communications.
Wireless networking utilizes specific equipment such as
NICs and Routers in place of wires (copper or optical fiber).
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5. 1G Technology
1G refers to the first generation of
wireless telephone technology, mobile
telecommunications which was first
introduced in 1980s and completed in
early 1990s.
◼ Most popular 1G system during 1980s
◼ Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)
◼ Nordic Mobile Phone System (NMTS)
◼ Total Access Communication System (TACS)
◼ European Total Access Communication
System (ETACS)
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6. 1G Technology (Cont..)
◼ Key features (technology) of
1G system
◼ Frequency 800 MHz and 900 MHz
◼ Bandwidth: 10 MHz (666 duplex
channels with bandwidth of 30 KHz)
◼ Technology: Analogue switching
◼ Modulation: Frequency Modulation (FM)
◼ Mode of service: voice only
◼ Access technique: Frequency Division
Multiple Access (FDMA)
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7. 1G Technology (Cont..)
◼ Disadvantages of 1G system
◼ Poor voice quality due to interference
◼ Poor battery life, battery last 30 minutes of
conversation
◼ Large sized mobile phones (not convenient to
carry); “Brick” phones-5 kg weight
◼ Less security (calls could be decoded using an
FM demodulator)
◼ Limited number of users and cell coverage
◼ Roaming was not possible between similar
systems
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8. 2G Technology (GSM)
◼ Abbreviation for Global System
for Mobile Communications
◼ Concurrent development in USA
and Europe in the 1980’s
◼ The European system was called
GSM and deployed in the early
1990’s
◼ This standard was capable of
supporting up to 14.4 to 64kbps
(maximum) data rate which is
sufficient for SMS and email
services.
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9. 2G Technology (GSM)
◼ Key features of 2G system
◼ Digital system (switching)
◼ SMS services is possible
◼ Roaming is possible
◼ Enhanced security
◼ Encrypted voice transmission
◼ First internet at lower data rate
Disadvantages of 2G system
•Low data rate
•Limited mobility
•Less features on mobile devices
•Limited number of users and
hardware capability
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10. 2G Technology (GSM)
◼ Intermediate Technologies 2G to 3G
◼ Newer and better bandwidth technologies
◼ General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
◼ GSM upgrade that provides IP-based packet data transmission
up to 114 kbps and 171kbps (maximum)
◼ Users can “simultaneously” make calls and send data
◼ GPRS provides “always on” Internet access and the Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS) whereby users can send rich text,
audio, video messages to each other
◼ Performance degrades as number of users increase
◼ GPRS is an example of 2.5G telephony – 2G service similar to
3G
◼ Enhanced Data GSM Evolution (EDGE)
◼ EDGE was capable to support 236.8 kbps
◼ EDGE is an example of 2.75G telephony
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11. 2G Technology (GSM)
◼ GSM Channels
◼ Physical Channel: Each timeslot on a carrier is referred to as a
physical channel
◼ Logical Channel: Variety of information is transmitted between the
MS and BTS. Different types of logical channels:
◼ Traffic channel
◼ Control Channel
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12. 2G Technology (GSM)
◼ Frequencies
◼ Originally designed on 900MHz range, now also
available on 800MHz, 1800MHz and 1900 MHz ranges.
◼ Separate Uplink and Downlink frequencies
◼ One example channel on the 1800 MHz frequency band, where
RF carriers are space every 200 MHz
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13. 2G Technology (GSM) Network Architecture
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14. 2G Technology (GSM) Elements and Interfaces
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15. 2G Technology (GPRS) Network Architecture
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16. 3G Technology (UMTS)
◼ 3G technology refer to third generation which was
introduced in year 2000s.
◼ Data Transmission speed increased from 144kbps-
384kbps (up to 2Mbps, for 3.5G)
◼ Typically called Smart Phones and features increased its
bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate
web-based applications and audio and video files.
◼ Key features of 3G system
◼ Higher data rate
◼ Video calling
◼ Enhanced security, more number of users and coverage
◼ Mobile app support
◼ Multimedia message support
◼ Location tracking and maps
◼ Better web browsing
◼ TV streaming
◼ High quality 3D games
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17. 3G Technology (UMTS)
◼ Disadvantages of 3G systems
◼ Expensive spectrum licenses
◼ Costly infrastructure, equipment's and
implementation
◼ Higher bandwidth requirements to support
higher data rate
◼ Costly mobile devices
◼ Compatibility with older generation 2G system
and frequency bands
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18. 3G Technology (UMTS)
◼ Frequency Spectrum
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19. 3G Technology (UMTS) Network Architecture
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20. 4G Technology (Anytime ,Anywhere)
◼ 4G technology refer to or short name of
fourth Generation which was started from
late 2000s (2014)
◼ Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps
speed.
◼ One of the basic term used to describe 4G is
MAGIC.
MAGIC:
◼ Mobile Multimedia
◼ Anytime Anywhere
◼ Global Mobility Support
◼ Integrated Wireless Solution
◼ Customized Personal Services
Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere.
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21. 4G Technology (Anytime ,Anywhere)
◼ Key features of 4G system
◼ Much higher data rate up to 1Gbps
◼ Enhanced security and mobility
◼ Reduced latency for mission critical applications
◼ High definition video streaming and gaming
◼ Voice over LTE network VoLTE (use IP packets
for voice)
◼ Disadvantages of 4G system
◼ Expensive hardware and infrastructure
◼ Costly spectrum (most countries, frequency
bands are is too expensive)
◼ High end mobile devices compatible with 4G
technology required, which is costly
◼ Wide deployment and upgrade is time
consuming
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22. 4G Technology (Anytime ,Anywhere)
◼ Network Architecture
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23. Comparison Between 3G Vs 4G
The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer
and signal quality.
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24. 5G Technology
◼ 5G technology refer to short name of fifth Generation
which was started from late 2010s.
◼ Complete wireless communication with almost no
limitations.
◼ It is highly supportable to WWWW (Wireless World Wide
Web).
◼ Key features of 5G technology
◼ Ultra fast mobile internet up to 10Gbps
◼ Low latency in milliseconds (significant for mission critical
applications)
◼ Total cost deduction for data
◼ Higher security and reliable network
◼ Uses technologies like small cells, beam forming to improve
efficiency
◼ Forward compatibility network offers further enhancements in
future
◼ Cloud based infrastructure offers power efficiency, easy
maintenance and upgrade of hardware
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25. Comparison Between 4G Vs 5G
The following basic differences between 4G and 5G are:
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26. 5G Technology
◼ Network Architecture
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27. Evolution from 1G to 5G
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