Retroviruses are necessary pathogens capable of traversing species barriers to assist you infect new owners, but knowledge of their specific evolutionary history is limited.
Retroviruses are necessary pathogens capable of traversing species barriers to assist you infect new owners, but knowledge of their specific evolutionary history is limited.
Spatial analysis and risk factors of human toxoplasmosis at special province ...ILRI
Presented by Wayan T. Artama. Sujono, Dyah Ayu Widiasih, Tjut Sugandawati Djohan, Pande Made Kutanegara, Adhiheru Sutomo, Dewa Ayu Sri Laksmi and Fihiruddin at the Ecohealth 2012 conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012
Informatics Infrastructure at the start of the Second Decade of DNA Barcodingsratnasi
The Barcode of Life Datasystem (BOLD) was launched in 2005 as a workbench and repository in support of a growing community of researchers focused on building the DNA barcode library of all eukaryotic life. This platform was highly successful during the first decade of DNA barcoding with 4.2M+ barcodes representing 490K+ species hosted, and over 30K species identifications provided per week. It is clear, however, that the future informatics needs of the barcoding community will exceed the capabilities of the current system. The overwhelming success of DNA barcode studies across the taxonomic spectrum has resulted in the adoption of this method in many life science fields, most notably in systematics, ecology, forensics, and conservation biology. With each field finding novel uses, some extending and deviating from the original DNA barcode concept, there are new and diverse requirements for informatics tools. In recognition of this expanded landscape, the next generation of informatics tools will need to employ new strategies, data standards, and workflows. Important aspects of this future include an adoption of big-data concepts and tools, democratization of DNA barcoding by improving access to this methodology, and a shift of focus from data collection to knowledge generation. I present early solutions to these challenges, including the latest version of BOLD (version 4), new tools, and future plans to address the evolving informatics requirements in the second decade of DNA barcoding.
Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) is a disease of tomato, chilli and capsicum caused by four species of Xanthomonas. BLS can cause severe crop damage and is a limiting factor of production across the world.
Spatial analysis and risk factors of human toxoplasmosis at special province ...ILRI
Presented by Wayan T. Artama. Sujono, Dyah Ayu Widiasih, Tjut Sugandawati Djohan, Pande Made Kutanegara, Adhiheru Sutomo, Dewa Ayu Sri Laksmi and Fihiruddin at the Ecohealth 2012 conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012
Informatics Infrastructure at the start of the Second Decade of DNA Barcodingsratnasi
The Barcode of Life Datasystem (BOLD) was launched in 2005 as a workbench and repository in support of a growing community of researchers focused on building the DNA barcode library of all eukaryotic life. This platform was highly successful during the first decade of DNA barcoding with 4.2M+ barcodes representing 490K+ species hosted, and over 30K species identifications provided per week. It is clear, however, that the future informatics needs of the barcoding community will exceed the capabilities of the current system. The overwhelming success of DNA barcode studies across the taxonomic spectrum has resulted in the adoption of this method in many life science fields, most notably in systematics, ecology, forensics, and conservation biology. With each field finding novel uses, some extending and deviating from the original DNA barcode concept, there are new and diverse requirements for informatics tools. In recognition of this expanded landscape, the next generation of informatics tools will need to employ new strategies, data standards, and workflows. Important aspects of this future include an adoption of big-data concepts and tools, democratization of DNA barcoding by improving access to this methodology, and a shift of focus from data collection to knowledge generation. I present early solutions to these challenges, including the latest version of BOLD (version 4), new tools, and future plans to address the evolving informatics requirements in the second decade of DNA barcoding.
Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) is a disease of tomato, chilli and capsicum caused by four species of Xanthomonas. BLS can cause severe crop damage and is a limiting factor of production across the world.
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Erad...Sarath
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Eradication.
Contains Videos in two slides. So try using Power Point 2010.
My email : doc.sarathrs@gmail.com
Parasitoids and Predators, their attributes.Bhumika Kapoor
Insect parasitoids have an immature life stage that develops on or within a single insect host, ultimately killing the host, hence the value of parasitoids as natural enemies. Adult parasitoids are free-living and may be predaceous. Parasitoids are often called parasites, but the term parasitoid is more technically correct. Most beneficial insect parasitoids are wasps or flies, although some rove beetles (see Predators) and other insects may have life stages that are parasitoids.
where as the Major characteristics of arthropod predators includes adults and immatures are often generalists rather than specialists, they generally are larger than their prey, they kill or consume many prey males, females, immatures, and adults may be predatory and they attack immature and adult prey.
Medical parasitology : study of parasites that infect human, diseases caused by them, clinical picture, their diagnosis, treatment and prevention as well as controls.
It involves drug development, epidemiological studies and study of zoonoses.
To know various terms related to parasitology.
To know about general parasites and parasitic infections.
To get knowledge about laboratory diagnosis and its importance.
To gain idea about general epidemiological aspects of parasites that affect human.
Apply basic methods of specimen collection , preservation and processing in lab.
To prevent ourselves from these infections and apply control measures.
LUMEN DWELLING FLAGELLATES - GIARDIA
REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
Research plans for Helsinki Urban Rat Project: the use of track plates for rat population dynamics and survey of rat-borne pathogens and parasites within the city of Helsinki.
11.3.2013 esittelin kasvatustieteen syventävän tutkielman etenemistä. Aiheena genetiikan opetus lukiossa. Teen oppikirja-analyysiä lukion kakkoskurssin kirjoista ja käytin Biologian ja maantieteen opettajien liiton biologiakilpailua hyväkseni saadakseni selville lukiolaisten käsityksiä genetiikasta.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
The ASGCT Annual Meeting was packed with exciting progress in the field advan...
Lectio Praecursoria - Tuomas Aivelo - 20.11.2015
1. Longitudinal monitoring
of parasites in individual
wild primates
20.11.2015
Lectio praecursoria
Tuomas Aivelo (@aivelo)
Institute of Biotechnology; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology,
University of Helsinki
5. Aims of the thesis
IntroductionMethodsStudyI&IIStudyIIIStudyIVConclusion
• Study intestinal parasite
community dynamics within-
host
• Design a new method for
identifying parasite
community composition
7. Ranomafana
National Park
• Southeastern
Madagascar
• Two transects
– Talatakely: inside park,
heavy tourist load,
secondary forest
– Campsite: in peripheral
zone, degraded habitat,
frequented by locals and
students
IntroductionMethodsStudyI&IIStudyIIIStudyIVConclusion
8. • Mark-recapture for 3 years
• 636 samples from 134 different individuals
IntroductionMethodsStudyI&IIStudyIIIStudyIVConclusion
12. Method
• Success rate quite low: only 44% for mouse
lemurs
• Difficulties with fecal nematodes
• General problems with non-invasive
assessment
IntroductionMethodsStudyI&IIStudyIIIStudyIVConclusion
15. Mouse lemur body
condition and parasites
• Better body condition correlates with
– Higher ectoparasite counts
– Higher parasite richness
IntroductionMethodsStudyI&IIStudyIIIStudyIVConclusion
Model n r P
CRT index vs lice score 120 -0.19 0.04
CRT index vs nematode abundance 119 -0.00 0.98
CRT index vs cestode abundance 120 -0.14 0.13
CRT index vs parasite richness 120 -0.19 0.03
n = sample size, r = correlation coefficient of spearman, P = probability
16. In nutshell
• While parasite communitiess seem stable
looking at host at population-level sampling,
individual monitoring can reveal wildly
dynamic parasite community
• High-throughtput identification of intestinal
nematodes is difficult but possible
IntroductionMethodsStudyI&IIStudyIIIStudyIVConclusion
17. Future directions
• Interaction of parasites and
microbiome
• Possibilities to track the most
common nematode:
– Do they die during hibernation?
– Is there population structure in
parasites?
• Parasite identification straight
from feces
IntroductionMethodsStudyI&IIStudyIIIStudyIVConclusion