The document provides details about a materials transportation engineering course. It includes:
- An overview of the course which covers various material handling methods and equipment used in mining industries.
- Course outcomes including being able to describe different material transportation methods, explain principles, and design flow sheets.
- A syllabus covering topics like belt conveyors, chain conveyors, fluid transport systems, rope haulage, and hoists over 14 weeks.
- Assessment methods including tests, assignments, and a final exam worth 60% of the grade.
Belt conveyor system_Advanced Construction Technology (Semester-6), Civil Eng...A Makwana
One of the most common form of material handling system used in mining industries and in construction projects.
Capable of conveying large quantities of material continuously over long distances at a fast speed.
Design of material handling system belt conveyor system for crushed coal for ...Aditya Deshpande
This was a project under subject in graduation in Mechanical Engineering -DOMS- Material Handling System
Conveyor belts have been used for decades to transport bulk and unit loads. They have proved their worth everywhere because belt conveyor installations can be adapted to meet nearly all local conditions.
This project demonstrates how to design such Conveyor Belt for Coal Crushing in Thermal Power Plant application with mathematical and imperial ways
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Most small scale industries rely on human effort for transporting raw materials from one stage of
processing to another thereby reducing the overall system performance. The work discusses the development of a
belt conveyor system for small scale industry. The conveyor is of height 0.75 m at 0o angle of inclination, 35o
troughing angle and a surcharge angle of 25o. It also consist of a belt whose width is 410 mm, length 2.4 m and a
basic length 4.54 m. The conveyor has an average capacity of 43.75 tonnes/hr. The evaluation of the conveyor
was carried out by conveying 12 packs of bottled water of different weights across a distance of 2 m at a different
speeds ranging from of 200-400 rpm. Results obtained indicated that the time of conveying the materials
increases with increase in weight of the bottled water. The successful completion of this work provides a
conveyor system which will aid the movement of material from one place to another with little or no human
intervention. This will help the industry in reducing cost in acquiring labour that will be used in material
movement thereby reducing cost of production.
A Study on Design Optimization of Roller Conveyor Chain Link Plate by Using T...IJSRD
According to the relevance towards the state priorities the economy of Maharashtra state is dominated by agricultural as well as industrial sector. Sugar factories play an important role in economy of Maharashtra state. About 60 percent processes in these factories are based on roller chain conveyors. Apart from that, other industries also use these chains frequently for process atomization. However, failure of these chains is perennial problem in these industries which causes huge losses to these industries along with its dependents and in turn economic growth of the state. Material uncertainty plays an important role on formation of elastic and plastic stresses. Breakage of chain is also affected due to faulty manufacturing such as wall thickness of link, breaking area of links, bending movement of pin, inner width of chain and shape of the link and uncertainty in heat treatment. Roller conveyor chains are the critical component in sugar mills, paper mill, food processing, fertilizer industry, pharmaceutical industry, cement industry, foundry industry, heat treatment units, coal mines etc. From the previous studies, it can be noted that, even though several patents are filed on roller chains and conveyors, most of the patents are based on metallurgical investigation, improvement of efficiency and performance of chain. Hardly few patents are there on improving life of the chain and minimization of its failure. From the chain failure case studies it can be noted that the root cause of failure was faulty material processing, heat treatment and improper material selection.
A Study on Design Optimization of Roller Conveyor Chain Link Plate by Using T...IJSRD
According to the relevance towards the state priorities the economy of Maharashtra state is dominated by agricultural as well as industrial sector. Sugar factories play an important role in economy of Maharashtra state. About 60 percent processes in these factories are based on roller chain conveyors. Apart from that, other industries also use these chains frequently for process atomization. However, failure of these chains is perennial problem in these industries which causes huge losses to these industries along with its dependents and in turn economic growth of the state. Material uncertainty plays an important role on formation of elastic and plastic stresses. Breakage of chain is also affected due to faulty manufacturing such as wall thickness of link, breaking area of links, bending movement of pin, inner width of chain and shape of the link and uncertainty in heat treatment. Roller conveyor chains are the critical component in sugar mills, paper mill, food processing, fertilizer industry, pharmaceutical industry, cement industry, foundry industry, heat treatment units, coal mines etc. From the previous studies, it can be noted that, even though several patents are filed on roller chains and conveyors, most of the patents are based on metallurgical investigation, improvement of efficiency and performance of chain. Hardly few patents are there on improving life of the chain and minimization of its failure. From the chain failure case studies it can be noted that the root cause of failure was faulty material processing, heat treatment and improper material selection.
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Similar to Lec1 lec3 materials handling (en glish) 2010
Belt conveyor system_Advanced Construction Technology (Semester-6), Civil Eng...A Makwana
One of the most common form of material handling system used in mining industries and in construction projects.
Capable of conveying large quantities of material continuously over long distances at a fast speed.
Design of material handling system belt conveyor system for crushed coal for ...Aditya Deshpande
This was a project under subject in graduation in Mechanical Engineering -DOMS- Material Handling System
Conveyor belts have been used for decades to transport bulk and unit loads. They have proved their worth everywhere because belt conveyor installations can be adapted to meet nearly all local conditions.
This project demonstrates how to design such Conveyor Belt for Coal Crushing in Thermal Power Plant application with mathematical and imperial ways
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Most small scale industries rely on human effort for transporting raw materials from one stage of
processing to another thereby reducing the overall system performance. The work discusses the development of a
belt conveyor system for small scale industry. The conveyor is of height 0.75 m at 0o angle of inclination, 35o
troughing angle and a surcharge angle of 25o. It also consist of a belt whose width is 410 mm, length 2.4 m and a
basic length 4.54 m. The conveyor has an average capacity of 43.75 tonnes/hr. The evaluation of the conveyor
was carried out by conveying 12 packs of bottled water of different weights across a distance of 2 m at a different
speeds ranging from of 200-400 rpm. Results obtained indicated that the time of conveying the materials
increases with increase in weight of the bottled water. The successful completion of this work provides a
conveyor system which will aid the movement of material from one place to another with little or no human
intervention. This will help the industry in reducing cost in acquiring labour that will be used in material
movement thereby reducing cost of production.
A Study on Design Optimization of Roller Conveyor Chain Link Plate by Using T...IJSRD
According to the relevance towards the state priorities the economy of Maharashtra state is dominated by agricultural as well as industrial sector. Sugar factories play an important role in economy of Maharashtra state. About 60 percent processes in these factories are based on roller chain conveyors. Apart from that, other industries also use these chains frequently for process atomization. However, failure of these chains is perennial problem in these industries which causes huge losses to these industries along with its dependents and in turn economic growth of the state. Material uncertainty plays an important role on formation of elastic and plastic stresses. Breakage of chain is also affected due to faulty manufacturing such as wall thickness of link, breaking area of links, bending movement of pin, inner width of chain and shape of the link and uncertainty in heat treatment. Roller conveyor chains are the critical component in sugar mills, paper mill, food processing, fertilizer industry, pharmaceutical industry, cement industry, foundry industry, heat treatment units, coal mines etc. From the previous studies, it can be noted that, even though several patents are filed on roller chains and conveyors, most of the patents are based on metallurgical investigation, improvement of efficiency and performance of chain. Hardly few patents are there on improving life of the chain and minimization of its failure. From the chain failure case studies it can be noted that the root cause of failure was faulty material processing, heat treatment and improper material selection.
A Study on Design Optimization of Roller Conveyor Chain Link Plate by Using T...IJSRD
According to the relevance towards the state priorities the economy of Maharashtra state is dominated by agricultural as well as industrial sector. Sugar factories play an important role in economy of Maharashtra state. About 60 percent processes in these factories are based on roller chain conveyors. Apart from that, other industries also use these chains frequently for process atomization. However, failure of these chains is perennial problem in these industries which causes huge losses to these industries along with its dependents and in turn economic growth of the state. Material uncertainty plays an important role on formation of elastic and plastic stresses. Breakage of chain is also affected due to faulty manufacturing such as wall thickness of link, breaking area of links, bending movement of pin, inner width of chain and shape of the link and uncertainty in heat treatment. Roller conveyor chains are the critical component in sugar mills, paper mill, food processing, fertilizer industry, pharmaceutical industry, cement industry, foundry industry, heat treatment units, coal mines etc. From the previous studies, it can be noted that, even though several patents are filed on roller chains and conveyors, most of the patents are based on metallurgical investigation, improvement of efficiency and performance of chain. Hardly few patents are there on improving life of the chain and minimization of its failure. From the chain failure case studies it can be noted that the root cause of failure was faulty material processing, heat treatment and improper material selection.
Similar to Lec1 lec3 materials handling (en glish) 2010 (20)
3. Course Synopsis :
•The course covers the material handling /
transportation methods and equipments
that are widely used in mining and mineral
industries.
• Students are introduced to theories
(where related), principles, mechanism
and the performance of the equipments.
•The topics covered are belt conveyors,
chain conveyors and bucket elevators,
screw conveyors and elevators, shaking
and vibratory conveyors, fluid transport,
rope haul systems, monorails and aerial
ropeways, locomotive haulage and hoist
and mine winders.
•Students are also introduced to the basic
of calculation of tonnage, speed, motor
power, and the efficiency of the
equipments.
•Designing of flow sheet using real plant
examples with the awareness of its impact
on environment at cost effective.
4. Course Outcomes (CO) :
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
distinguish and describe the materials handling
methods that are widely used in mining and mineral
industries.
explain the basic concept and principle in materials
transportation
describe and apply the technology, types and
characteristics of materials transportation equipments
available in the market.
design a proper flow sheet to transport materials and
ores from one place to another place or from one unit
to another unit.
evaluate and calculate the equipment performance.
classify and apply knowledge of materials
transportation to real situations with an awareness of
its impact on environment at cost effective.
Asses a range of learning resources and to take
responsibility for own learning with appropriate
support.
explain and work effectively with others as a member
of a group and meet obligations to others.
5. Teaching Plans / Syllabus :
No Topic ContentsTeaching Weeks
1 Introduction to materials handling
materials handling methods, basic concept applied
mechanic
1
2 Belt conveyor
introduction to the equipment, mechanism of the
equipment, calculation of the power, tonnage, speed,
wide, number ply. The efficiency of the belt conveyors.
etc.
2,3
3 Chain conveyor and bucket elevator
introduction to the equipment
mechanism of the equipment
calculation of the power, tonnage, speed, the
efficiency of the chain conveyors. etc.
3,4
6. Teaching Plans / Syllabus :
No Topic ContentsTeaching Weeks
4 Screw conveyors and elevators
introduction to the equipment
mechanism of the equipment
calculation of the power, tonnage, speed, the efficiency of the
chain conveyors. etc.
Shaking conveyor
introduction to the equipment
mechanism of the equipment
calculation of the power, tonnage, speed, the efficiency of the
shaking conveyors. etc.
Vibratory conveyor
introduction to the equipment
mechanism of the equipment
calculation of the power, tonnage, speed, the efficiency of the
vibratory conveyor. etc.
4 & 5
7. Teaching Plans / Syllabus :
No Topic ContentsTeaching Weeks
5 Fluid transport
introduction to the equipment
mechanism of the equipment
calculation of the tonnage, speed, pulp density, slope, efficiency etc.
5
6 Rope haulage system
o introduction to the equipment
o mechanism of the equipment
o calculation of the tonnage, speed, efficiency etc.
Monorails
introduction to the equipment
mechanism of the equipment
calculation of the tonnage, speed, efficiency etc.
Aerial ropeways
introduction to the equipment
mechanism of the equipment
calculation of the tonnage, speed, efficiency etc.
7 & 8
8. Teaching Plans / Syllabus :
No Topic ContentsTeaching Weeks
7 Locomotive haulage
introduction to the equipment
mechanism of the equipment
calculation of the ideal gradient, optimum gradient and work example.
8 & 9
8 Hoist and mine winders
• introduction to the equipment
• mechanism of the equipment
• the mechanics of hoisting
• calculation of the speed, and acceleration, drum torques and duty cycle
diagrams
10,11&
12
9 Designing of flow sheet, industrial examples, both local and
international, with an awareness of health and safety, social, political,
economic and impact on environment.
13 &14
**Week 6 – Mid-semester Break (1 week)
9. Assessment methods %
Test (2 tests)
Quizzes
20
Assignment
2 assignments (individual and group)
20
Final Exam 60
Contribution of assessment
• Exam 60 %
• Course work 40 %
10. References
• Brook, N. 1971. Mechanics of Bulk Materials
Handling. London Butterworths.
• Handbook Society of Mining Engineers. 1979.
New York.
• Hartman H.L., 1987. Introductory Mining
Engineering. New York. John Wiley & Son.
• Ramlu M. A. 1996. Mine Hoisting. A.A
Balkema/Rotterdam/Brookfield.
• Recent journals /publications related to this
subject
11. Objective
• To introduce most of materials transportation
equipments (mechanisms, principles and
calculation) that normally used in mining,
mineral processing plant, and quarrying.
• Give some idea to mineral resources
engineering students to make a preliminary
calculation to narrow the field before selecting
the equipment.
12. Introduction
• Material transportation/handling methods are
normally classified into 3 main groups ( from the
standpoint of mechanics involved);
Continuous methods
Semi-continuous, or small batches methods and
Batch methods
13. • Some example of material transportation/handling
equipments and techniques:
– Belt conveyor (penghantar tali sawat)
– Chain conveyor (penghantar rantai)
– Screw conveyor and feeder (penghantar skru dan penyuap)
– Suction pipe (paip sedutan)
– pressure pipe (paip tekanan)
– suction pneumatic
– pressure pneumatic
– Monorails
– bucket elevator
– aerial ropeway
– Chute
– shaker conveyor
– Locomotive
– Hoists and lift
27. Belt Conveyor (Talisawat Penghantar)
Belt conveyor is basically an endless strap
stretched between two drums.
Suitable for very short distances and low
outputs.
It is necessary to support the top strand of the
conveyor at regular intervals to prevent undue
sagging and to reduce the spillage of material
which may occur if the belt does not run truly,
while maintaining a high carrying capacity.
these requirements usually met by trough
idlers.
28. Idler (Pemelahu)
Consist of three separate rollers to support the
belt and also bend it into a trough shape.
The two outer rollers are tilted upwards at an
angle of 25o
to 30o
.
For very wide belts a design using five
separate rollers is sometimes used.
For narrow belts two angled idlers only may be
used.
• impact idlers = Pemelahu hentaman
• trough idlers = Pemelahu paluh
• return idlers = Pemelahu kembali
29. Idlers for small conveyor belt
Top strand
(Lembar
atas )
Bottom strand
(Lembar bawah)
35. • The driving drum relies on the friction between drum and belt
to provide the drive to the belt.
• If the two tensions in the belt at the driving drum are P1 and P2
with P1 the bigger tension in the top strand, the limiting ratio of
tensions when about slip is about to occur is given by:
θ
P1
P2
P1 / P2 = eµθ
Log10 P1 / P2 = 0.434µθ
µ is coefficient of friction or coefficient of grip between the belt & drum
θ Is the angle of wrap
36. • For a long conveyor with a large hauling duty P1 requires
to be large.
• Value of P1 possible isobtained by three method:
– Increasing µ by lagging the driving drum with a
suitable rubber-like material.
– Increasing the value of θ
– Increasing the value of P2
No slip P1/ P2 ≤
eµθ
37. The value of θ can be increased by:
1. Using a snub
pulley
θ
θ = 250o
2. Using more than one
driving drum.
θ = θ1 + θ2 ;
θ=400~450o
θ2
θ1
θ1
θ2
θ3
θ = θ1 + θ2
+ θ3;
θ= ~600o
38. The value of P2 can be increased by
3. pre-
tensioning belt
•By a screw tightening device at the tail end of
the belt conveyor
40. Driving
drums
Weighted roller
3. Gravity tensioning
device
•For higher powered conveyors a gravity operated tension
devise may be used, either by pulled via steel cables on
the loop take-up carriage or by a heavy roller mounted in
a frame
42. Factors affecting the use of belt conveyors
1. A straight line plan is usually required (some small deviations of
a few degrees are possible). If the line of the conveyor system
must be angled it is often necessary to use separate conveyors
but some systems have a complex belt lacing which permits a fix
angle at some point in the conveyor, the material being
discharged from one section of the belt to the other as if the two
sections were separate conveyor.
2. The angle of inclination of the conveyor is limited by the friction of
the material on the belt, to about 25o
. The maximum gradient used
for a conveyor must allow for restarting with the belt loaded on the
incline and sufficient frictional grip must be provided to overcome
the component of the weight tending to pull the material down the
belt and also to accelerate the material.
43. 3. The maximum lump size is limited to about half
the belt width.
4. The carrying capacity of the belt depends on how
the material can be piled up on the belt width. As
the belt is continuously passing over sets of
supporting idlers, the materials is slightly
disturbed all the time and tends to spread out on
the belt. The carrying capacity of the conveyor is
given by the equation;
T= a (m2
) b (t/m3
) v (m/s) = abv (t/s)
where T is the carrying capacity, a is the average
cross-sectional area of material, b is the bulk
density and v is the speed of the conveyor belt.
44. For a belt of width W the value of the area a varies approximately
between w2
/10 (high loading) and w2
/12 depending on the nature of the
material. A blocky type material such as coal, broken rock, or ore can be
piled onto the belt as shown in Fig.(a) whereas a smooth material such
as particle tends to run out over the belt as shown in Fig.(b).
The value of b the bulk density in t/m3
is numerically equal to the relative
density (g/cm3
) but it relates to the density of broken material including
air spaces, and not to the solid relative density
(a
)
(b)
45. Material Density (t/m3
)
Coal
Solid coal
Gravel
Dry ashes
Wet ashes
Broken sandstone
Solid sandstone
Broken limestone
Slag
Dry sand
0.8
1.35
1.4 – 1.7
0.55 – 0.65
0.7 – 0.8
1.35
2.4
1.45
1.35
1.6
5. The belt strength affects the maximum force which can be
taken by the belt, and the value of the maximum force
depends on the power required and the drive head frictional
grip. The power required by a belt conveyor can be divided
into three components.
i. power for the empty belt, We
ii. Power to convey the material, Wm
iii. Power to raise the material, Wr
The total power required by a belt is then W = We + Wm ±
46. • The value of Wr is written as plus or minus as if the material is being
lowered and help to run the belt thus the power requirement for this is
negative.
• The power as calculated above is the power required at the driving drum
of the conveyor, and so the motor power required will be greater
because of power losses in the gearing at the drive head.
• Assuming an efficiency of 90% for this gearing the otor power is then
given by
W = WT / 0.9
• The power required to drive the empty belt depends on the total force
required to move the empty belt, and on the belt speed.
• The force required : Ne = total weight on idlers x friction coefficient
Ne = Mi g µe
= mi ( l + lx ) g µe
And then the power required We = Ne v
We = mi ( l + lx ) g µev
Note: l the length of the conveyor is increased by lx = 45 m to allow for end
pulley friction
47. • The power required to convey the material; Wm =mml g µmv
• The value of mm the mass of material per unit length is obtained from
mm = T tan/s
v m/s
Therefore,
Wm = T l g µm v
v
Or Wm = T l g µm
the value of µm the friction coefficient is again 0.03 for well maintained
conveyors but sometimes raised to 0.04 if the conditions are unfavourble.
48. • The power required to raised the material at the rate T
through height h is obtained directly as
Wr = T g h kW
Effective belt tension Pe = WT kN
v
The maximum tension P1 is obtained from the formula
Pe = P1 – P2
For no slip to occur P1 < eµθ
= n
P2
P2 = P1/n
P1–P2 = P1 – P1/n = P1 (n-1)/n
P1= (n/n-1) Pe
49. The calculated value of P1 is then used to find the belt stree f (kN/m per ply).
Fabric Density (kg/m2
) Stress (kN/m ply
U.S. cotton
Rayon and cotton
Rayon, cotton, nylon
Nylon and cotton
Steel reinforced
(Steel cords in rubber and
fabric belt)
0.814
0.930
1.043
1.220
1.395
1.744
1.19
1.63
0.930
1.02
3.0
16.4 – 42.3
4.25
5.25
5.75
7.0
8.75
10.5
12.25
15.8
7.0
9.65
35.0
80-450
50. • Exersice 2
A conveyor is 600 m long and conveys coal of bulk density
0.8 t/m3
up a gradient of 1 in 60 at the rate of 220t/h.
Determine suitable speed and strength for the installation.
(Note: assume the area of the material is w2
/11, width of the
belt conveyor for transporting coal is 0.75 m, total mass
acting on the idlers 60 w = 45kg/m, µm =0.04, Ø= 440o
)