Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes and transformations that occur in living organisms. It involves understanding the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The core goal of biochemistry is to explain biological processes at the molecular level by investigating the chemical reactions and mechanisms that take place within cells and tissues. Key areas of focus include nutrient uptake and use, cell growth and reproduction, adaptation, and metabolism. Biochemists use chemical and physical techniques to understand how molecules behave and interact in biological systems.
the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physico-chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
the processes and substances with which the science of biochemistry is concerned.
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.[1] Biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.
Oligosaccharides (Greek: oligo = few)
Oligosaccharides consist of a short chain of monosaccharide
units (2 to 10 units), joined together by a characteristic bond
called glycosidic bond which, on hydrolysis, gives two to
ten molecules of simple sugar (monosaccharide) units
Polysaccharides (Greek: Poly = many) or Glycans
Polysaccharides are polymers consisting of hundreds or
thousands of monosaccharide units. They are also called
glycans or complex carbohydrates. They may be either
linear, (e.g. cellulose) or branched, (e.g. glycogen) in
structure.
What is biochemistry?
Biochemistry explores chemical processes related to living organisms. It is a laboratory-based science combining biology and chemistry.
Biochemists study the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems and, in turn, their functions and ways to control them. Biochemistry emerged as a separate discipline when scientists combined biology with organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. They began to study areas such as:
How living things get energy from food
The chemical basis of heredity
What fundamental changes occur in disease
Biochemistry includes the sciences of molecular biology, immunochemistry, and neurochemistry, as well as bioinorganic, bioorganic, and biophysical chemistry.
What do biochemists do?
Biochemists interact with scientists from a wide variety of other disciplines, usually on problems that are a very small piece of a very large and complex system.
Biochemists in industry are interested in specific applications that will lead to marketable products
Biochemists in academia or government labs conduct more basic and less applied research
Where is biochemistry used?
Biochemistry has obvious applications in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. Other applications include:
Food Science
Biochemists determine the chemical composition of foods, research ways to develop abundant and inexpensive sources of nutritious foods, develop methods to extract nutrients from waste products, and/or invent ways to prolong the shelf life of food products.
Agriculture
Biochemists study the interaction of herbicides/insecticides with plants and pests. They examine the structure–activity relationships of compounds, determine their ability to inhibit growth, and evaluate the toxicological effects on surrounding life.
Pharmacology, Physiology, Microbiology, Toxicology, and Clinical Chemistry
Biochemists investigate the mechanisms of drug actions; engage in viral research; conduct research pertaining to organ function; or use chemical concepts, procedures, and techniques to study the diagnosis and therapy of disease and the assessment of health.
slides for study about studies of life. Why virus doesn't consist as life? Biology is the study of life.
The definition of life here is not only about human beings but also all living things such as animals and plants, bacteria and viruses, fungus and protists and those really are fascinating.
Biology is the scientific study of life
Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms
Biologists ask questions such as:
- how can single cell develops into human?
- how living things interact in communities?
- how the human mind works
One of the basic needs in study biology is understanding the scientific method
Life defies a simple, one-sentence definition
Life is recognized by what living things do
Preparing to study biology
Biology is built on top of physics, chemistry, math and statistics. What should we know before starting biology?
If you are curious about biology or maybe want to plan to learn some branch of biology in the future, you must be wondering what "prerequisites" it has - that is, what other knowledge will give you a solid foundation to learn biology.
Also as a future scientist or maybe doctor you mentioned, the only strict prereqs for biology are curiosity, an open mind and willingness to think critically about natural living. If you have those, you can start learning biology without other background, as long as you're willing to pick up bits of chemistry, physics, statistics, and math along the way.
Below are some foundational topics that will help you get the most out of biology materials
- General science skills
One of the basic needs in study biology is understanding the scientific method.
- Chemistry
The other basic need in study biology is having a big picture view of chemistry and already knowing about atoms, molecules and chemistry interaction.
- Physics
In the next unit we will discuss the law of thermodynamics. What energy is and how energy is constantly flowing through ecosystems, organisms and cells.
- Statistics
You must study basic ways to find sets of data, such as mean, median and mode. These all can be a good start for deeper understanding about hypothesis testing.
Properties of life
Organization
All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, which are considered the fundamental units of life.
Even unicellular organisms are complex! Inside each cell, there are organelles and structures. How about multicellular organisms? All similar cells form tissues, tissues collaborate to create organs (body structures with a specific function). All organs work together to form body systems
Metabolism —- Energy Processing
Life depends on an enormous number of interlocking chemical reactions. These reactions make it possible for organisms to do work—such as moving around or even wink our eyes—as well as growing, reproducing, and maintaining the structure of living bodies. Living things must use energy and consume nutrients to carry out the chemical reactions that sustain life.
the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physico-chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.
the processes and substances with which the science of biochemistry is concerned.
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.[1] Biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.
Oligosaccharides (Greek: oligo = few)
Oligosaccharides consist of a short chain of monosaccharide
units (2 to 10 units), joined together by a characteristic bond
called glycosidic bond which, on hydrolysis, gives two to
ten molecules of simple sugar (monosaccharide) units
Polysaccharides (Greek: Poly = many) or Glycans
Polysaccharides are polymers consisting of hundreds or
thousands of monosaccharide units. They are also called
glycans or complex carbohydrates. They may be either
linear, (e.g. cellulose) or branched, (e.g. glycogen) in
structure.
What is biochemistry?
Biochemistry explores chemical processes related to living organisms. It is a laboratory-based science combining biology and chemistry.
Biochemists study the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems and, in turn, their functions and ways to control them. Biochemistry emerged as a separate discipline when scientists combined biology with organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. They began to study areas such as:
How living things get energy from food
The chemical basis of heredity
What fundamental changes occur in disease
Biochemistry includes the sciences of molecular biology, immunochemistry, and neurochemistry, as well as bioinorganic, bioorganic, and biophysical chemistry.
What do biochemists do?
Biochemists interact with scientists from a wide variety of other disciplines, usually on problems that are a very small piece of a very large and complex system.
Biochemists in industry are interested in specific applications that will lead to marketable products
Biochemists in academia or government labs conduct more basic and less applied research
Where is biochemistry used?
Biochemistry has obvious applications in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. Other applications include:
Food Science
Biochemists determine the chemical composition of foods, research ways to develop abundant and inexpensive sources of nutritious foods, develop methods to extract nutrients from waste products, and/or invent ways to prolong the shelf life of food products.
Agriculture
Biochemists study the interaction of herbicides/insecticides with plants and pests. They examine the structure–activity relationships of compounds, determine their ability to inhibit growth, and evaluate the toxicological effects on surrounding life.
Pharmacology, Physiology, Microbiology, Toxicology, and Clinical Chemistry
Biochemists investigate the mechanisms of drug actions; engage in viral research; conduct research pertaining to organ function; or use chemical concepts, procedures, and techniques to study the diagnosis and therapy of disease and the assessment of health.
slides for study about studies of life. Why virus doesn't consist as life? Biology is the study of life.
The definition of life here is not only about human beings but also all living things such as animals and plants, bacteria and viruses, fungus and protists and those really are fascinating.
Biology is the scientific study of life
Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms
Biologists ask questions such as:
- how can single cell develops into human?
- how living things interact in communities?
- how the human mind works
One of the basic needs in study biology is understanding the scientific method
Life defies a simple, one-sentence definition
Life is recognized by what living things do
Preparing to study biology
Biology is built on top of physics, chemistry, math and statistics. What should we know before starting biology?
If you are curious about biology or maybe want to plan to learn some branch of biology in the future, you must be wondering what "prerequisites" it has - that is, what other knowledge will give you a solid foundation to learn biology.
Also as a future scientist or maybe doctor you mentioned, the only strict prereqs for biology are curiosity, an open mind and willingness to think critically about natural living. If you have those, you can start learning biology without other background, as long as you're willing to pick up bits of chemistry, physics, statistics, and math along the way.
Below are some foundational topics that will help you get the most out of biology materials
- General science skills
One of the basic needs in study biology is understanding the scientific method.
- Chemistry
The other basic need in study biology is having a big picture view of chemistry and already knowing about atoms, molecules and chemistry interaction.
- Physics
In the next unit we will discuss the law of thermodynamics. What energy is and how energy is constantly flowing through ecosystems, organisms and cells.
- Statistics
You must study basic ways to find sets of data, such as mean, median and mode. These all can be a good start for deeper understanding about hypothesis testing.
Properties of life
Organization
All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, which are considered the fundamental units of life.
Even unicellular organisms are complex! Inside each cell, there are organelles and structures. How about multicellular organisms? All similar cells form tissues, tissues collaborate to create organs (body structures with a specific function). All organs work together to form body systems
Metabolism —- Energy Processing
Life depends on an enormous number of interlocking chemical reactions. These reactions make it possible for organisms to do work—such as moving around or even wink our eyes—as well as growing, reproducing, and maintaining the structure of living bodies. Living things must use energy and consume nutrients to carry out the chemical reactions that sustain life.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Introduction:
The term biochemistry (bios = life) was first introduced
by a German chemist Carl Neuberg in 1903.
Definitions: It is the study of structure, composition
and function of chemical substances (biomolecules)
and vital chemical process occurring in organisms.
Chemical processes occurring in living matter.
3. The chemistry of life.
Chemistry of living things.
Biochemistry is a science concerning with chemical
nature and chemical behaviour of the living matter.
It involve the studies related to the nature of chemical
constituents of living matter, their transformations in
biological systems and the energy changes associated
with these transformations
4. The science in which chemistry is applied to the study
of living organisms and the atoms and molecules which
comprise living organisms.
Biochemistry has to do with the pathways and chemical
reactions that take place within the body.
deals with matter inside the living cell called
protoplasm
5. As a discipline, biochemistry seeks to define at the
molecular level chemical mechanisms that explain how
living organisms assemble nutrients from
environmental sources and affect processes of growth,
reproduction, adaptation, and metabolism within the
confines and complexity of cellular environment.
6. On a broad scale, biochemists ask and seek answers to
question such as following:
1. By what chemical mechanisms are nutrients used for
the growth of cells?
2. By what chemical mechanisms do cells reproduce?
3. What are the chemical mechanisms used by cells that
allow them to adapt to their environment?
7. 4. What are the chemical mechanisms used by cells to
metabolize nutrients for the extraction of energy and
the formation/assimilation of the building blocks that
are necessary to make them the unique entity that they
are?
It is a laboratory based science that brings together
biology and chemistry.
By using chemical knowledge and techniques,
biochemists can understand and solve biological
problems.
8. Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics form
part and parcel of Biology and are overlapping in their
theories, techniques and approaches with some minute
differences.
Biochemistry concerns chemical materials and essential
processes with reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics,
bond angles taking place in living organisms.
9. Biochemist wants to understand the chemical basis of
biological systems.
He or she uses physical and chemical methods to
investigate questions about how electrons, atoms and
molecules behave in biological systems
Genetics is the study of genes and their effects, heredity
and genetic variation in living beings.
Molecular genetics ( the study of structure and function
of genes at a molecular level) is the sub field of
molecular biology.
10. Molecular biology looks at the molecular mechanisms
behind processes including the storage and transfer of
genetic information and the interactions among
biomolecules.
a biochemist looks at interactions from the molecular
level and smaller whereas the molecular biologist looks
at interactions from the molecular level and larger.
11. Branches of biochemistry:
Modern biochemistry has two branches:
Descriptive biochemistry and dynamic biochemistry.
Descriptive biochemistry-concerned with the
qualitative and quantitative characterization of the
various cell components.
dynamic biochemistry. concerned with the explanation
of nature and mechanism of the reactions involving
these cell components.
12. With expansion of knowledge of biochemistry, Many
newer disciplines have been emerged from
Biochemistry such of Enzymology (study of enzymes),
Endocrinology (study of hormones) Clinical
Biochemistry (study of diseases), Molecular
Biochemistry (Study of Biomolecules and their
functions).
Agricultural Biochemistry, Pharmacological
Biochemistry are also noteworthy.
13. The chemical elements of life:
Living and non-living matter: Both are made of
elements.
Element is a species of atoms having the same number
of protons in their atomic nuclei (i.e. the same atomic
number, Z).
14. Elements cannot be broken down to substances with
different properties.
Elements can be broken down to atoms, but each of the
atoms will have the same properties! (i.e. the same
number of protons)
Around two dozen of the 92 naturally occurring
chemical elements are essential to various kinds of
biological life
15. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and
phosphorus make up almost 99% of the mass of living
cells due to their ability to form covalent bonds by
electron-pair sharing
Rare elements on Earth are not needed by life (except
selenium and iodine)
16. Ocean algae need bromine which is not required by
land plants and animals
Plants need boron and silicon, but animals instead
require sodium.
Atoms are held together by chemical bonds to form
molecules
Molecule is the simplest unit of a chemical compound
that can exist independently.
17. The bonding hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other
atoms to carbon atom form organic compounds (having
carbon skeleton).
Carbon-carbon bonds make chain of carbon atoms
which form the skeleton or backbone of large organic
molecules.
The organic molecules characterize the structure and
function of the cell organelles.
18. Role of carbon:
Carbon is a central element to life because most
biological molecules are built on a carbon framework.
The complexity of living things is facilitated by
carbon’s linkage capacity.
Carbon has great bonding capacity due to its tetrahedral
structure
Carbon’s outer shell has only four of the eight electrons
necessary for maximum stability in most elements.
19. Carbon atoms are thus able to form stable, covalent
bonds with a wide variety of atoms, including other
carbon atoms.