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132020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitinhttpsamerican-interco.docx
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Jan 2, 2020
1183 words / 6656 characters
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1 0 0 % O v e r a l l S i m i l a r i t y
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Excluded from Similarity Report:
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1
1/3/2020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitin
https://american-intercontinental-university.turnitin.com/viewer/submissions/oid:6373:20566174/print?locale=en 2/8
Running Head: IP UNIT 5
Individual Project Unit 5
Name
Date of Submission
1
1/3/2020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitin
https://american-intercontinental-university.turnitin.com/viewer/submissions/oid:6373:20566174/print?locale=en 3/8
IP UNIT 5
Abstract
Changes in the organizations in the current competitive world today are considered as necessary.
Change agents play critical roles in the organizations and they are responsible for the effective
change in the companies. The Lewin’s Change Management Model and Kotter’s Eight-Step
Model for Leading Change are both effective and useful models of change. These could be
implemented for the successful change procedures in the organizations.
1
1/3/2020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitin
https://american-intercontinental-university.turnitin.com/viewer/submissions/oid:6373:20566174/print?locale=en 4/8
IP UNIT 5
Introduction
In the modern and global world today, business organizations are adopting the
developing trends of national and international markets in order to remain competitive. Change
agents within the organizations are the ones who focus on organizational transformation. Change
agents adopt several measures for the betterment of the organization and work for its
effectiveness, development, and growth ("Change Agent Definition | Human Resources (HR)
Dictionary", 2019). Similar to change agents change models are adopted in the organizations but
the most useful ones include Lewin’s Change Management Model and Kotter’s Eight-Step
Model for Leading Change. In this paper, both change models will be discussed in detail with
their advantages and disadvantages.
John Kotter’s Eight-Step Model for Leading Change
While researching for change, John Kotter explains that change agents have certain
qualities and attributes. It includes management and leadership qualities. Management is
necessary when it comes to organizational operations that should be run smoothly. But
leadership is a process that provides success to the organizations when the leaders are able to
motivate employees, increase their productivity, and direct the organizations in the best ways.
Kotter explains that leadership is a more important component as compare to the management
when it involves the change process.
Kotter’s model is based o.
Foundation of Organization Design (MGMT673)Reading Materia.docx
Foundation of Organization Design
(MGMT673)
Reading Material
Building Motivation
Communicate Why the Redesign is Needed
People need a compelling reason to change. With all of the changes being requested and demanded of people in the current world, people must be convinced that change is necessary.
Even when leadership initiates organizational change, it is often experienced as just one more unrealistic and often absurd demand. Employees are likely to respond in a passive-aggressive manner and simply do things the same. The previously engaged workforce may suddenly start misplacing things, ignoring e-mails, and spending hours talking with colleagues about what is happening. It is the leadership’s responsibility to not only have a vision but to also see that motivation for the change effort is high. Consultants can be helpful to management in this regard, but ultimately it is management’s responsibility. An offhand announcement of a redesign can literally bring production to a halt in a business. Even though management feels the redesign is in the employees’ best interest, if they are not properly prepared and brought in, the employees are likely to respond to the news in a way that will not move things forward. In fact, without a timely and wise explanation of why changes are needed, they may see the redesign as irresponsibility on the part of management.
Communicating Credible Reasons and Expectations for the Redesign
Management must take the time not only to provide a clear vision of the redesign but to also communicate why the redesign is necessary. The cost of not taking time to communicate credible reasons as to why the redesign was done and providing credible expectations of what it will take to realize the benefits of the redesign, will cost the company dearly.
One way to build support is to involve employees and other stakeholders in the diagnosis and redesign. This takes time, but it helps employees understand why the redesign is important and builds motivation for making it work. However, if management already has its mind made up and is going to do what it wants to do regardless, involvement can backfire in a big way.
At the least, a communication campaign is essential. The campaign must be honest because employees and other stakeholders can see through the spin and hype.
Do not Ignore Resistance
Resistance is feedback. Figure out why it is there, and do not force it. Like the plumber or mechanic who forces a part to fit, the likely result is generally a broken part. Force generally does not work and is nearly always expensive and time-consuming. Resistance is natural. Ohm’s lawapplies to human behavior much like it does in physics—there is always resistance. Good managers and consultants learn from the resistance and manage it.
Managing the Changing Relationships
Acknowledge Changing Relationships and Responsibilities
Redesigns nearly always change relationships and responsibilities. Not addressing these lead to conf.
Recommended
132020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitinhttpsamerican-interco.docx
1/3/2020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitin
https://american-intercontinental-university.turnitin.com/viewer/submissions/oid:6373:20566174/print?locale=en 1/8
Paper+(1).docx
Jan 2, 2020
1183 words / 6656 characters
P a p e r ( 1 ) .d o c x
Sources Overview
1 0 0 % O v e r a l l S i m i l a r i t y
American Intercontinental University Online on 2019-06-06
SUBMITTED WORKS 1 0 0 %
Excluded search repositories:
None
Excluded from Similarity Report:
Small Matches (less than 8 words).
Excluded sources:
None
1
1/3/2020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitin
https://american-intercontinental-university.turnitin.com/viewer/submissions/oid:6373:20566174/print?locale=en 2/8
Running Head: IP UNIT 5
Individual Project Unit 5
Name
Date of Submission
1
1/3/2020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitin
https://american-intercontinental-university.turnitin.com/viewer/submissions/oid:6373:20566174/print?locale=en 3/8
IP UNIT 5
Abstract
Changes in the organizations in the current competitive world today are considered as necessary.
Change agents play critical roles in the organizations and they are responsible for the effective
change in the companies. The Lewin’s Change Management Model and Kotter’s Eight-Step
Model for Leading Change are both effective and useful models of change. These could be
implemented for the successful change procedures in the organizations.
1
1/3/2020 Paper (1).docx - Turnitin
https://american-intercontinental-university.turnitin.com/viewer/submissions/oid:6373:20566174/print?locale=en 4/8
IP UNIT 5
Introduction
In the modern and global world today, business organizations are adopting the
developing trends of national and international markets in order to remain competitive. Change
agents within the organizations are the ones who focus on organizational transformation. Change
agents adopt several measures for the betterment of the organization and work for its
effectiveness, development, and growth ("Change Agent Definition | Human Resources (HR)
Dictionary", 2019). Similar to change agents change models are adopted in the organizations but
the most useful ones include Lewin’s Change Management Model and Kotter’s Eight-Step
Model for Leading Change. In this paper, both change models will be discussed in detail with
their advantages and disadvantages.
John Kotter’s Eight-Step Model for Leading Change
While researching for change, John Kotter explains that change agents have certain
qualities and attributes. It includes management and leadership qualities. Management is
necessary when it comes to organizational operations that should be run smoothly. But
leadership is a process that provides success to the organizations when the leaders are able to
motivate employees, increase their productivity, and direct the organizations in the best ways.
Kotter explains that leadership is a more important component as compare to the management
when it involves the change process.
Kotter’s model is based o.
Foundation of Organization Design (MGMT673)Reading Materia.docx
Foundation of Organization Design
(MGMT673)
Reading Material
Building Motivation
Communicate Why the Redesign is Needed
People need a compelling reason to change. With all of the changes being requested and demanded of people in the current world, people must be convinced that change is necessary.
Even when leadership initiates organizational change, it is often experienced as just one more unrealistic and often absurd demand. Employees are likely to respond in a passive-aggressive manner and simply do things the same. The previously engaged workforce may suddenly start misplacing things, ignoring e-mails, and spending hours talking with colleagues about what is happening. It is the leadership’s responsibility to not only have a vision but to also see that motivation for the change effort is high. Consultants can be helpful to management in this regard, but ultimately it is management’s responsibility. An offhand announcement of a redesign can literally bring production to a halt in a business. Even though management feels the redesign is in the employees’ best interest, if they are not properly prepared and brought in, the employees are likely to respond to the news in a way that will not move things forward. In fact, without a timely and wise explanation of why changes are needed, they may see the redesign as irresponsibility on the part of management.
Communicating Credible Reasons and Expectations for the Redesign
Management must take the time not only to provide a clear vision of the redesign but to also communicate why the redesign is necessary. The cost of not taking time to communicate credible reasons as to why the redesign was done and providing credible expectations of what it will take to realize the benefits of the redesign, will cost the company dearly.
One way to build support is to involve employees and other stakeholders in the diagnosis and redesign. This takes time, but it helps employees understand why the redesign is important and builds motivation for making it work. However, if management already has its mind made up and is going to do what it wants to do regardless, involvement can backfire in a big way.
At the least, a communication campaign is essential. The campaign must be honest because employees and other stakeholders can see through the spin and hype.
Do not Ignore Resistance
Resistance is feedback. Figure out why it is there, and do not force it. Like the plumber or mechanic who forces a part to fit, the likely result is generally a broken part. Force generally does not work and is nearly always expensive and time-consuming. Resistance is natural. Ohm’s lawapplies to human behavior much like it does in physics—there is always resistance. Good managers and consultants learn from the resistance and manage it.
Managing the Changing Relationships
Acknowledge Changing Relationships and Responsibilities
Redesigns nearly always change relationships and responsibilities. Not addressing these lead to conf.
Impacts of training & development in organization performance
Enjoy the Free Slides of Impacts of training & development in organization performance in (HRM) This will give U a lot of information and will help U Thank You
C H A P T E R 3Organizational Capability Structure,Cultur.docx
C H A P T E R 3
Organizational Capability: Structure,
Culture, and Roles
Over the last 15 years, my company (Atos Origin) has been through three
significant mergers/acquisitions and has seen good growth. As new lines
of businesses and employees have been added, we have become truly a
global company, where people from many countries where our businesses
operate come together to present the best solution to our clients. An
excellent example is the work we do for the Olympics games (Atos Origin
has been the worldwide IT partner for the Olympics for several years).
The overall project life cycle for most of the projects in the company
follows the typical IT project management approach. What has evolved over
time is the use of employees from different regions of the world to service a
client need. For instance, we have onsite operations for a client in the United
States and in Europe. The development and testing work is done offshore in
India. The onsite team members are primarily the program manager, project
managers (who deal with the client), business analysts, and technical
Jo
n
Fe
in
ge
rs
h/
Ic
on
ic
a/
G
et
ty
Im
ag
es
C H A P T E R
O B J E C T I V E S
After completing this
chapter, you should be
able to:
• Compare and contrast
the advantages and
disadvantages of the
functional, project,
strong matrix, balanced
matrix, and weak matrix
methods of organization;
describe how each
operates and when to
use each.
• Describe organizational
culture elements that are
helpful in planning and
managing projects and
describe how to
overcome organizational
culture elements that
hinder project success.
• Describe different
project life cycle models
and tell when each is
appropriate.
• Describe the duties,
motivations, and
challenges of each of the
executive, managerial,
and team roles in
projects and list
important attributes for
selecting each.
52
architects. The offshore team members include designers, developers, and
testers. There are also project managers who lead the team in India and
interact with their onsite counterpart on a regular basis.
The entire operation is managed through a program management office
(PMO) that is responsible for identifying, prioritizing, and ensuring delivery
of all the projects. It is a matrix structure where the team members report
into the PMO as well as their functional heads in their countries. The PMO
has its own culture of hard work, striving toward goals in a step-by-step
manner, and promoting team spirit. It fits right into our overall organization
culture of getting things done for the client, promoting innovation and
conviviality, and never compromising on ethical behavior.
I have observed that adaptability and empathy are helpful strengths for
project managers in this environment. Adaptability because the different
locations bring with them a set of challenges, including the ability to hold
the global team together. Empathy is extremely useful as well. Although
the project manager may not agree.
CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY .docx
CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Comment by Anne Richards: Report format required with table of contents, executive summary (succinct overview of whole report, about one page.
Change management planning process within an organization development model
Executive summary
Introduction
Organizations in the present day are in a constant state of change. This is necessary as they respond to the call of the fast-changing business environment in which they operate. External, internal, global, and technological environments are fast-changing hence the need to change a management strategy (Butler, 2015). √ This has a meaning that workplace systems together with strategies must continually change to adapt to these trends. A case study is presented in this paper where the management is to plan and communicate changes in senior management and additional stuff. The key emphasis is given to the way, the management is going to plan, communicate and ensure the organizations adopts these changes without affecting the morale of workers. It will be argued that a comprehensive communication strategy is Comment by Anne Richards: There has to be a significant change to ethos of business eg expansion overseas or takeover/merger
essential …
Change management planning process within an organization development model
A good management change plan can bring a smooth transition and incorporation of changes in an organization. This plan will ensure employees are well guided in the whole process of change. Comment by Anne Richards: Write this as an argument statement and put in Executive Summary
Introduction
Studies have shown that There is a 70 % failure rate in the incorporation of changes in an organization. The biggest obstacle has been negative attitudes from employees (Pollack, 2015). How do we then curb this ugly side of the organizational changes? The following are smooth steps that will help plan for the changes in employee structure. Comment by Anne Richards: First sentence but provide soutce
Defining the change clearly and aligning it with the business goals; employees should be notified about the changes and be educated on how it is in line with business goals and objectives. Clear communication and explanation of the change and how it relates to the business mission, vision, objectives, and strategy will give employees an insight into the importance of these changes. Employees should be notified about the changes, provided regular updates and be educated on how it is in line with business goals and objectives. Determination of the impacts of the affected group will be key in carrying out the changes. It is a heart taking moment for senior employees to be demoted in this case or for their roles to be merged and one or two employees retrenched. Comment by Anne Richards: Rewrite as one complete strong sentence Comment by Anne Rich ...
Original AssignmentPrimary Task Response Your first task is to.docx
Original Assignment:
Primary Task Response: Your first task is to post your own Key Assignment Outline to the discussion area so that other students are able to review your plan. Attach your document to the main discussion post, and include any notes that you feel are appropriate. The purpose of this assignment is to help improve the quality of the Key Assignment Draft that you will complete next week.
Current Assignment:
Respond to Another Student: Review at least 1 other student's Key Assignment Outline, and provide meaningful feedback. Refrain from general feedback, such as simply stating "good job." Your feedback to other students is most helpful if you not only point out weak areas but also offer suggestions for improvement. The best feedback takes a three-stage approach to identify what was done well, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
125 words min
Student assignment below
Table of Contents
I. The Organization 3
II. Problem Statement 4
III. Research Strategy 5
Examples of Memo & Questionnaires 6
IV. Ethical Considerations 9
V. Sample Population 10
VI. Data Analysis Summary& Management Strategy 11
VII. Research Results 12
VIII.References 13
The Organization
Environmental Management Alternatives, EMA, was founded by two brothers and a friend to provide an alternative to the disposal of hazardous waste. Starting out with the three owners, a sales rep., and two laborers they built a profitable business. They began to look into new markets within the environmental industry and hired project managers that had a client list they could bring with them and so began the growth and expansion of the company. They ended up with five project managers and three sales reps which were bringing in more work than they could handle so a hiring spree ensued and along with this the troubles began. They ended up with a workforce of twenty personnel consisting of operators and laborers. As with any company growing pains can be difficult to deal with but in the case of EMA they had the additional problems of having no true, defined management structure in place and they were winging it. With the lack of a clear plan or clear leadership the work force quickly became disgruntle in the disorganization that followed. It became apparent to the owners that a restructuring was in order that included defined roles, chain of command, and accountability.
Problem Statement
The lack of structure was the problem for EMA, if one were to best describe the leadership at the time a functional or weak matrix would best describe this situation. When looking at these two styles we can see that there are five characteristics that are considered and the role of the manager in each. The project manager’s (PM) authority, resource availability, management of the project budget, PM’s role, and project management administrative staff are the five characteristics to be considered. Under these two styles the manager has little to no control over these characteristics with no r.
Organizational Development: Change Management
A Ph. D. class report presented to Atty. Mick Engracia, Ph. D, in November 17, 2018 at Ateneo de Zamboanga University.
Chapter 11 Work, organization and job designLEARNING OUTCOMES.docx
Chapter 11: Work, organization and job design
LEARNING OUTCOMES
On completing this chapter you should be able to define these key concepts. You should also understand:
· Work design methodology
· Changes in the nature of work
· Work system design
· Process planning
· Smart working
· Flexible working
· High-performance working
· Lean manufacturing
· Organization design
· Job design
Introduction
Work, organization, and job design are three distinct but closely associated processes that establish what work is done in organizations and how it is done. Work design deals with the ways in which things are done in the work system of a business by teams and individuals. Organization design is concerned with deciding how organizations should be structured. Job design is about establishing what people in individual jobs or roles are there to do. Although these three activities are dealt with separately in this chapter they share one purpose – to ensure that the organization’s work systems and structure operate effectively, make the best use of people in their jobs and roles and take account of the needs of people at work.
In theory, to achieve that purpose, work, organization and job design function sequentially. The work system is designed to meet the specific needs of the business and to deliver value to its customers or clients. An organization structure or system (not all organizations are rigidly structured) has to be developed to enable the work system to operate. The structure is made up of jobs or roles (there is a distinction, which will be explained later) that have to be designed in ways that will maximize the extent to which they can be carried out effectively and provide intrinsic motivation, ie motivation from the work itself.
In practice, the processes involved can run concurrently – the work system will involve deciding how the work should be organized, and both the work system and organization design processes will define what sort of jobs or roles are required. At the same time, job design considerations will affect how the work is organized and how the work system functions. This chapter deals with each aspect of design separately, but it should be remembered that the processes interlink and overlap.Work design
Work design is the creation of systems of work and a working environment that enhance organizational effectiveness and productivity, ensure that the organization becomes ‘a great place in which to work’ and are conducive to the health, safety and well-being of employees. Work involves the exertion of effort and the application of knowledge and skills to achieve a purpose. Systems of work are the combined processes, methods and techniques used to get work done. The work environment comprises the design of jobs, working conditions and the ways in which people are treated at work by their managers and co-workers as well as the work system. Work design is closely associated with organization and job design in that the latter is con.
Pem zhipeng xie engg 5812 change management presentation
Change management as part of project management. A presentation of my class. Hope it will be helpful to you.
only pdf version available.
Fundamental managerial skills for entrepreneurs
This material is for PGPSE / CSE students of AFTERSCHOOOL. PGPSE / CSE are free online programme - open for all - free for all - to promote entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship PGPSE is for those who want to transform the world. It is different from MBA, BBA, CFA, CA,CS,ICWA and other traditional programmes. It is based on self certification and based on self learning and guidance by mentors. It is for those who want to be entrepreneurs and social changers. Let us work together. Our basic idea is that KNOWLEDGE IS FREE & AND SHARE IT WITH THE WORLD
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Impacts of training & development in organization performance
Enjoy the Free Slides of Impacts of training & development in organization performance in (HRM) This will give U a lot of information and will help U Thank You
C H A P T E R 3Organizational Capability Structure,Cultur.docx
C H A P T E R 3
Organizational Capability: Structure,
Culture, and Roles
Over the last 15 years, my company (Atos Origin) has been through three
significant mergers/acquisitions and has seen good growth. As new lines
of businesses and employees have been added, we have become truly a
global company, where people from many countries where our businesses
operate come together to present the best solution to our clients. An
excellent example is the work we do for the Olympics games (Atos Origin
has been the worldwide IT partner for the Olympics for several years).
The overall project life cycle for most of the projects in the company
follows the typical IT project management approach. What has evolved over
time is the use of employees from different regions of the world to service a
client need. For instance, we have onsite operations for a client in the United
States and in Europe. The development and testing work is done offshore in
India. The onsite team members are primarily the program manager, project
managers (who deal with the client), business analysts, and technical
Jo
n
Fe
in
ge
rs
h/
Ic
on
ic
a/
G
et
ty
Im
ag
es
C H A P T E R
O B J E C T I V E S
After completing this
chapter, you should be
able to:
• Compare and contrast
the advantages and
disadvantages of the
functional, project,
strong matrix, balanced
matrix, and weak matrix
methods of organization;
describe how each
operates and when to
use each.
• Describe organizational
culture elements that are
helpful in planning and
managing projects and
describe how to
overcome organizational
culture elements that
hinder project success.
• Describe different
project life cycle models
and tell when each is
appropriate.
• Describe the duties,
motivations, and
challenges of each of the
executive, managerial,
and team roles in
projects and list
important attributes for
selecting each.
52
architects. The offshore team members include designers, developers, and
testers. There are also project managers who lead the team in India and
interact with their onsite counterpart on a regular basis.
The entire operation is managed through a program management office
(PMO) that is responsible for identifying, prioritizing, and ensuring delivery
of all the projects. It is a matrix structure where the team members report
into the PMO as well as their functional heads in their countries. The PMO
has its own culture of hard work, striving toward goals in a step-by-step
manner, and promoting team spirit. It fits right into our overall organization
culture of getting things done for the client, promoting innovation and
conviviality, and never compromising on ethical behavior.
I have observed that adaptability and empathy are helpful strengths for
project managers in this environment. Adaptability because the different
locations bring with them a set of challenges, including the ability to hold
the global team together. Empathy is extremely useful as well. Although
the project manager may not agree.
CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY .docx
CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Comment by Anne Richards: Report format required with table of contents, executive summary (succinct overview of whole report, about one page.
Change management planning process within an organization development model
Executive summary
Introduction
Organizations in the present day are in a constant state of change. This is necessary as they respond to the call of the fast-changing business environment in which they operate. External, internal, global, and technological environments are fast-changing hence the need to change a management strategy (Butler, 2015). √ This has a meaning that workplace systems together with strategies must continually change to adapt to these trends. A case study is presented in this paper where the management is to plan and communicate changes in senior management and additional stuff. The key emphasis is given to the way, the management is going to plan, communicate and ensure the organizations adopts these changes without affecting the morale of workers. It will be argued that a comprehensive communication strategy is Comment by Anne Richards: There has to be a significant change to ethos of business eg expansion overseas or takeover/merger
essential …
Change management planning process within an organization development model
A good management change plan can bring a smooth transition and incorporation of changes in an organization. This plan will ensure employees are well guided in the whole process of change. Comment by Anne Richards: Write this as an argument statement and put in Executive Summary
Introduction
Studies have shown that There is a 70 % failure rate in the incorporation of changes in an organization. The biggest obstacle has been negative attitudes from employees (Pollack, 2015). How do we then curb this ugly side of the organizational changes? The following are smooth steps that will help plan for the changes in employee structure. Comment by Anne Richards: First sentence but provide soutce
Defining the change clearly and aligning it with the business goals; employees should be notified about the changes and be educated on how it is in line with business goals and objectives. Clear communication and explanation of the change and how it relates to the business mission, vision, objectives, and strategy will give employees an insight into the importance of these changes. Employees should be notified about the changes, provided regular updates and be educated on how it is in line with business goals and objectives. Determination of the impacts of the affected group will be key in carrying out the changes. It is a heart taking moment for senior employees to be demoted in this case or for their roles to be merged and one or two employees retrenched. Comment by Anne Richards: Rewrite as one complete strong sentence Comment by Anne Rich ...
Original AssignmentPrimary Task Response Your first task is to.docx
Original Assignment:
Primary Task Response: Your first task is to post your own Key Assignment Outline to the discussion area so that other students are able to review your plan. Attach your document to the main discussion post, and include any notes that you feel are appropriate. The purpose of this assignment is to help improve the quality of the Key Assignment Draft that you will complete next week.
Current Assignment:
Respond to Another Student: Review at least 1 other student's Key Assignment Outline, and provide meaningful feedback. Refrain from general feedback, such as simply stating "good job." Your feedback to other students is most helpful if you not only point out weak areas but also offer suggestions for improvement. The best feedback takes a three-stage approach to identify what was done well, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
125 words min
Student assignment below
Table of Contents
I. The Organization 3
II. Problem Statement 4
III. Research Strategy 5
Examples of Memo & Questionnaires 6
IV. Ethical Considerations 9
V. Sample Population 10
VI. Data Analysis Summary& Management Strategy 11
VII. Research Results 12
VIII.References 13
The Organization
Environmental Management Alternatives, EMA, was founded by two brothers and a friend to provide an alternative to the disposal of hazardous waste. Starting out with the three owners, a sales rep., and two laborers they built a profitable business. They began to look into new markets within the environmental industry and hired project managers that had a client list they could bring with them and so began the growth and expansion of the company. They ended up with five project managers and three sales reps which were bringing in more work than they could handle so a hiring spree ensued and along with this the troubles began. They ended up with a workforce of twenty personnel consisting of operators and laborers. As with any company growing pains can be difficult to deal with but in the case of EMA they had the additional problems of having no true, defined management structure in place and they were winging it. With the lack of a clear plan or clear leadership the work force quickly became disgruntle in the disorganization that followed. It became apparent to the owners that a restructuring was in order that included defined roles, chain of command, and accountability.
Problem Statement
The lack of structure was the problem for EMA, if one were to best describe the leadership at the time a functional or weak matrix would best describe this situation. When looking at these two styles we can see that there are five characteristics that are considered and the role of the manager in each. The project manager’s (PM) authority, resource availability, management of the project budget, PM’s role, and project management administrative staff are the five characteristics to be considered. Under these two styles the manager has little to no control over these characteristics with no r.
Organizational Development: Change Management
A Ph. D. class report presented to Atty. Mick Engracia, Ph. D, in November 17, 2018 at Ateneo de Zamboanga University.
Chapter 11 Work, organization and job designLEARNING OUTCOMES.docx
Chapter 11: Work, organization and job design
LEARNING OUTCOMES
On completing this chapter you should be able to define these key concepts. You should also understand:
· Work design methodology
· Changes in the nature of work
· Work system design
· Process planning
· Smart working
· Flexible working
· High-performance working
· Lean manufacturing
· Organization design
· Job design
Introduction
Work, organization, and job design are three distinct but closely associated processes that establish what work is done in organizations and how it is done. Work design deals with the ways in which things are done in the work system of a business by teams and individuals. Organization design is concerned with deciding how organizations should be structured. Job design is about establishing what people in individual jobs or roles are there to do. Although these three activities are dealt with separately in this chapter they share one purpose – to ensure that the organization’s work systems and structure operate effectively, make the best use of people in their jobs and roles and take account of the needs of people at work.
In theory, to achieve that purpose, work, organization and job design function sequentially. The work system is designed to meet the specific needs of the business and to deliver value to its customers or clients. An organization structure or system (not all organizations are rigidly structured) has to be developed to enable the work system to operate. The structure is made up of jobs or roles (there is a distinction, which will be explained later) that have to be designed in ways that will maximize the extent to which they can be carried out effectively and provide intrinsic motivation, ie motivation from the work itself.
In practice, the processes involved can run concurrently – the work system will involve deciding how the work should be organized, and both the work system and organization design processes will define what sort of jobs or roles are required. At the same time, job design considerations will affect how the work is organized and how the work system functions. This chapter deals with each aspect of design separately, but it should be remembered that the processes interlink and overlap.Work design
Work design is the creation of systems of work and a working environment that enhance organizational effectiveness and productivity, ensure that the organization becomes ‘a great place in which to work’ and are conducive to the health, safety and well-being of employees. Work involves the exertion of effort and the application of knowledge and skills to achieve a purpose. Systems of work are the combined processes, methods and techniques used to get work done. The work environment comprises the design of jobs, working conditions and the ways in which people are treated at work by their managers and co-workers as well as the work system. Work design is closely associated with organization and job design in that the latter is con.
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- 1. Team 5 Anuja Narwal Akanksha Simran Sharma Harpreet Singh Parampreet Kaur
- 2. Type of organizational change model comprising of four components: STRUCTURE Foundation of an organization. It covers many things including staff, layers of hierarchies, departments and how these all interact with each other. Basically communication style/ relationship among different layers of hierarchies and department. Task: Refer to activities being performed by employees. Includes: organizational goals and purpose as well. People: All about employees of the org since they are backbone. Org goals/functions depends on employees and their expertise/knowledge/skills. Technology: Helps employees to better perform tasks. Ranges from phones to software's for quick and fast services. Need to upgrade or replace it.
- 4. In early 1960s an American Professor Harlod J. Leavitt presented a model which explains organizational change. Revolves around four components of organizational change and these elements are: structure, task, technology and people. These four elements are interconnected and interdependent. Professor placed these elements in a square shape to reflect the mutual connection among all of these. This square shape looks like a diamond and that is why it is widely known as Leavitt’s Diamond Model.
- 5. For doing early analysis of change in an organization- to provide initial path to have a better understanding. Easy to use and accessible by everyone. Very popular with IT based tech companies/ industry.
- 6. Since it doesn't take into account external environment/factors of organization. Scope limited to tech based companies and doesn't address issue of org change for all the companies. Only provides analysis and doesn't show pathway of change.
- 7. Step 1: Laying off an employee.. (people) Step 2: Change in structure with one less person on the team (structure) Step 3: Work load increased with additional task of the laid off person (task) Step 4: Work needs to be done in scheduled time, need to make adjustments as remaining employees need to work harder and external help of system / technology (Technology)