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Leadership of Culture,
Diversity and the
Learning Organization
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Learning Objectives
 The power of culture.
 Distinguish between a weak and strong culture.
 Low and high performance cultures.
 Symbolic and substantive leadership actions.
 The four cultural value types.
 Three levels of moral reasoning.
 Primary reasons for embracing diversity.
 Leader’s role in creating learning organization.
11-2

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Culture
 The set of key values, assumptions,
understandings and ways of thinking that is
shared by members of an organization and taught
to new members.
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Characteristics of Low-Performance Cultures
Insular thinking
Resistance to
change
Politicized internal
environment
Unhealthy promotion
practices
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Characteristics of High-Performance Cultures
Culture reinforcement tools
Intensely people oriented
Results oriented
Emphasis on achievement
and excellence
11-5

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Symbolic Leadership Actions for Shaping
Culture
 Leaders serve as role models
 Ceremonial events for high
achievers
 Special appearances by
leaders
 Organizational structure
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Substantive Leadership Actions for Shaping
Culture
 Replace old culture members with new
members
 Change dysfunctional policies and practices
 Reengineer strategy-culture fit
 Realign rewards/incentives, resources
 Facilities design
 Develop a written statement
11-7

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Types of Organizational Culture
Degree of Environmental Turbulence
Competitive
Culture
Adaptive
Culture
Bureaucratic
Culture
Cooperative
Culture
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Framework of Value Dimensions for Understanding Cultural
Differences
Individualism
Collectivism
High
Uncertainty
Avoidance
High
Power
Distance
Long-term
Orientation
Short-term
Orientation
Low
Power
Distance
Low
Uncertainty
Avoidance
Masculinity
Femininity Formality
Informality
Scarce
Time
Orientation
Abundance
Time
Orientation
11-9

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Achieving Diversity
Obstacles
Policies
and
Practices
Ethnocentrism
Glass
Ceiling
Unfriendly
Work
Environment
Stereotypes
and
Prejudice
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Low Levels
of
Conflict
Bias-Free
Environment
Culture of Diversity
Diverse
Leadership
Structure
Strong
Identity with
Organization
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Enhancing Organizational Learning
Guidelines
 Encourage systems thinking, creativity and
experimentation
 Provide incentives for learning and innovation
 Build confidence in followers’ capacity to learn and
adapt
 Create a shared vision for learning
 Broaden employees’ frame of reference
 Create an environment where people can learn from
mistakes.
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