3. Definition
a process of social influence in which one
person can enlist the aid and support of
others in the accomplishment of a common
task".
For example, some understand a leader
simply as somebody whom people follow, or
as somebody who guides or directs others,
while others define leadership as "organizing
a group of people to achieve a common goal"
4. Approaches of leadership
universal approach;
The universal approach of leadership is the belief that there are
certain traits that contribute to leadership effectiveness in all
situations.
The elements to this theory are Personal characteristics, behaviors,
and skills.
e.g. vision, self-confidence, skills of communication and needs to
have humility when he treats people.
Contingency approach;
There is no universal or one best way to manage.
The design of an organization and it’s system
must fit with the environment.
Be a fit between the organization's structure, its size, its technology,
and the requirements of its environment. This perspective is known
as "contingency theory"
5. Leadership competencies
Drive; inner motivation to achieve the task and goals
Leadership motivation; must be fully charged or
inflamed
Integrity; truthfulness and sincerity towards the task
Self-confidence; self-esteem, how much you believe
yourself
Intelligence; critical thinking power etc.
Emotional intelligence; action and reaction to the
situations, knowing what others feeling and acting on it.
6. Leadership substitutes
Substitutes are variables that make
leadership unnecessary for subordinates
(Schriesheim, 1997) and reduce the extent to
which subordinates rely on their leader (Kerr
et al.,1974)
E.g. Unambiguous and routine task (when all
subordinates are performing menial labor,
there is little role leadership can play
7. Transformational leadership
Individualized Consideration; the degree to which
the leader attends to each follower's needs, acts as a mentor or
coach to the follower and listens to the follower's concerns and
needs.
Intellectual Stimulation; Such leaders encourage their
followers to be innovative and creative. They encourage new ideas
from their followers and never criticize them publicly for the
mistakes committed by them
Inspirational Motivation; the degree to which the
leader articulates a vision that is appealing and inspiring to followers
Idealized Influence; the degree to which the leader acts
as a role model for their followers
8. Transactional leadership
A leadership that helps organizations to
achieve their objectives more effectively such
as linking job performance to valued rewards
and insuring that employees have the
resources needed to get the job done.
E.g. Coaches of athletic teams motivate their followers by
promoting the reward of winning the game
9. Leadership traits
Symbolic leadership;
This is a type of leadership in
which a leader act like a role
model for his subordinates
Charismatic leadership
This is a type of leadership in
which the subordinates follow
the leaders with out having
question.
10. Styles of leadership
Directive style of
leadership; usually a leader
gives commands, instructions
and advice to it’s subordinates
and workers.
Supportive style of
leadership ; usually leader
provide psychological support.
Like motivation, evoking etc.
11. Styles of leadership
Participative style Achievement oriented style
The leader usually involve
himself during the
completion of task with the
employees and
subordinates.
A leader not only set high
goals for himself but also
for subordinates and
workers.
