The document discusses layoffs, which refer to the temporary or permanent termination of employment for business reasons like positions being eliminated or a slowdown. Layoffs focus on positions, not individuals. They are used to cut costs due to lack of funds, lack of work, organizational changes, or economic slowdowns. Employers should inform staff why layoffs are necessary to avoid panic, consider seniority, exceptions for special skills, and provide severance packages. Alternatives to layoffs mentioned include leave without pay, employee shuffling between departments, enhanced severance packages, moving to a four-day workweek, and seeking voluntary resignations.