Laura Mulvey – Representation Theorist
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Laura Mulvey introduced the concept of the "male gaze" to describe how media often portrays women from the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer. The male gaze objectifies and denies women's agency by focusing on their bodies, expressions, and movements in a sexualized way. It also puts the audience in the perspective of the male viewer. Examples include advertisements that sexualize women's bodies even when unrelated to the product. Mulvey argues this exists not just in content but how media texts are presented. Some criticisms are that some women enjoy male attention and the gaze is not always sexual or directed at women.
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Laura Mulvey is a 75-year old British feminist film theorist and professor known for her influential 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema". In this essay, she introduced the concept of the "male gaze", arguing that women in film and literature are represented from a male point of view, with men in active roles and women in passive roles. Specifically, the "male gaze" refers to how scenes are framed from the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer, focusing on a woman's body as an erotic object for both characters and spectators to view.
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Personal essay project (1)
The article discusses the concept of the "female gaze" in film and compares it to the traditional "male gaze". It notes that the term "male gaze" was coined by film critic Laura Mulvey to refer to the perspective of sensually viewing and objectifying the female body. In contrast, the female gaze is proposed to be more emotional, intimate, empathetic rather than objectifying, and respectful. The article highlights a film festival featuring the works of female cinematographers to showcase alternative perspectives to the male gaze. It notes debate around defining and developing the concept of a "female gaze", with differing opinions among female filmmakers on its usefulness as a term and whether it simply reinforces a gender binary.
Personal essay project
The article discusses the concept of the "female gaze" in film in response to Laura Mulvey's theory of the "male gaze". It introduces the Film Society at Lincoln Center's series on "The Female Gaze", which features 36 films shot by female cinematographers. These films range in style from raw to disorienting. The article explores different perspectives on what a "female gaze" might be, including that it sees people as people rather than objects, is emotional and intimate, and seeks to empathize rather than objectify. It notes that female cinematographers interviewed have varying opinions on the usefulness of the term and what it means given their technical skills and experiences that extend beyond gender.
Gaze
The document discusses the concept of the "male gaze" in visual culture and its critique by feminist theory. Specifically, it describes the male gaze as the asymmetric power relationship where men impose their unwanted gaze upon women, reducing them to objects of desire. However, the theory is flawed as it only considers the male perspective and fails to acknowledge that women also objectify men. While some feminists argue the male gaze undermines women's agency, others believe looking at women in this way demoralizes and perpetuates unequal treatment compared to men. The document leaves the reader questioning whether feminists are correct in their views.
Representation Investigation
Representation refers to how aspects of reality such as people, identities, events, and concepts are constructed in various media. This involves both how identities are portrayed in a text and how they are constructed in the processes of production and reception. Theorists like Richard Dyer, Laura Mulvey, and Stuart Hall have discussed representation and how social positioning affects interpretation. Mulvey's male gaze theory suggests that media often portrays women from a heterosexual male perspective, focusing on how men view women. This male gaze fits reasonably well into the horror genre, where women are often portrayed as weak victims and men as dominant, though some horror texts challenge this trope.
The Male Gaze Laura Mulvey
This document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "Male Gaze" in film. It explains that the Male Gaze refers to how women are viewed from the perspective of a heterosexual male in films. Specifically, the camera will linger on a woman's body and events involving women are presented in the context of a man's reaction. This relegates women to the status of objects for the male gaze rather than active subjects. The document also discusses how the Male Gaze concept has been applied to areas like music videos and advertising.
Malegaze
This document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "Male Gaze" in film. It explains that the Male Gaze refers to how women are viewed from the perspective of a heterosexual male in films. Specifically, the camera lingers on women's bodies and events involving women are presented in the context of a man's reaction. Women are often objectified under the Male Gaze. The document also discusses criticisms of Mulvey's theory and provides examples of how the Male Gaze manifests in everyday life such as advertising.
Representation - Charlie lilly, Dan Kelly
Judith Butler argues that gender is a performance rather than a stable identity. Laura Mulvey's theory of the "male gaze" describes how women are typically objectified in media for the viewing pleasure of male audiences. Queer theory challenges rigid definitions of sexuality and gender identities, arguing they are socially constructed and fluid. Stuart Hall believes cultural identity is an ongoing process shaped by history and power relations, rather than a fixed attribute, and that media can propagate moral panics and manipulate representations of race.
Male Gaze Theory
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" theory of the Male Gaze. The Male Gaze theory suggests that media typically presents women from a heterosexual male viewpoint, as objects of male pleasure. Women are often portrayed through passive, objectified roles while men act as controlling subjects. Feminist film theory uses the Male Gaze to analyze how men look at women, how women look at themselves, and how women look at other women in media. The document provides examples from the music video for "Blurred Lines" that illustrate elements of the Male Gaze theory.
Media representation presentation
Stuart Hall developed reception theory and the theory of encoding and decoding. He argues that audiences do not passively accept media texts, but actively negotiate meaning. Hall believes that culture is a site of social action and intervention where power relations can be established or challenged. He views identity as an ongoing cultural production rather than a fixed attribute, and has discussed how notions of race and ethnicity are socially constructed. Hall's influential work examines how institutions like the media can manipulate representations of issues like crime statistics for political purposes and ignite moral panics.
The Male Gaze
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze" in film theory. Mulvey argues that films typically present the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer who objectifies female characters as objects to look at. This relegates women to the status of objects and requires female viewers to identify with the male perspective. The male gaze lingers on women's bodies and defines events through men's reactions rather than women's experiences or agency. While some argue that not all depictions of women are inherently objectifying, the male gaze framework suggests that visual media often presents the female form from a patriarchal perspective that reduces women's roles and empowerment.
The Male Gaze Laura Mulvey
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze" in film theory. Mulvey argues that films typically present the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer who objectifies female characters. This relegates women to the status of objects and viewers must identify with the male perspective. The male gaze lingers on women's bodies and defines events through a man's reaction. While some argue that women can enjoy being looked at, the male gaze implies a power dynamic that reduces women to objects of the sexualized male view.
The Male Gaze
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze" in film theory. Mulvey argues that films typically present the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer who objectifies female characters as objects to look at. This relegates women to the status of objects and requires female viewers to identify with the male perspective. The male gaze lingers on women's bodies and defines events through men's reactions rather than women's experiences or agency. While some argue that not all portrayals of women are inherently objectifying, the male gaze framework suggests that visual media often presents the female form from a patriarchal lens that sexualizes women even when unrelated to the actual content.
The Male Gaze Laura Mulvey
The document discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the "male gaze" in film theory. Mulvey argues that films typically present the perspective of a heterosexual male viewer who objectifies female characters. This relegates women to the status of objects and viewers must identify with the male perspective. The male gaze lingers on women's bodies and defines events through a man's reaction. While some argue this allows female sexuality, critics say it still treats women as objects for the male viewer's pleasure through their visual representation.
Kris
The Male Gaze Theory proposes that women are often portrayed as sexual objects in films from the perspective of heterosexual male viewers, focusing on their physical attributes rather than depicting them as complete individuals. It suggests that female characters frequently exist only to complement male characters, having little importance themselves beyond how they make male characters feel or act. The theory argues that media being presented from a male point of view leads women both to be objectified on screen and to internalize objectifying gazes towards other women.
Laura Mulvey - The Male Gaze
Laura Mulvey developed the concept of the "male gaze" in her 1975 essay, arguing that mainstream cinema reflects the underlying patriarchal power structure of society by privileging the male perspective over the female. The male gaze objectifies women on screen for the pleasure and view of the presumed male viewer. Women are often displayed as erotic objects to be looked at rather than active agents. This diminishes women's identities and reduces them to their appearance rather than their personality.
The laura mulvey theory
Laura Mulvey developed the Male Gaze theory to describe how mainstream films typically show women as objects for the heterosexual male gaze. The theory argues that women are displayed for both the characters and spectators to look at, with the male emerging as the dominant figure. Mulvey believes this reflects an underlying power imbalance where the male gaze takes precedence over the female gaze. However, some disagree with aspects of the theory by arguing that some women enjoy attracting attention or that some media also objectify men.
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The document provides details about the A2 Media Studies course from OCR, including the two units, coursework elements, exam elements, and grading criteria. The two units are an advanced portfolio consisting of a promotion package coursework, and a critical perspectives exam. The promotion package coursework involves creating a music video, poster, and album digipak to demonstrate brand identity. Students are graded on their research and planning, the quality of their final products, and a self-evaluation. The exam consists of a theoretical evaluation of one's work and questions on contemporary media issues and regulation.
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Evaluation Question 5
The filmmakers targeted an audience aged over 20 who enjoy problem solving. To attract this audience, they used both old media (posters) and new media (social media posts). Feedback on the initial logline and opening title sequence led to revisions to create more mystery. Social media was effective at spreading the film as people shared the video. Audience feedback helped the filmmakers identify what worked well in the opening titles and aspects to improve for the future.
Evaluation Question 5
The filmmakers targeted an audience aged over 20 who enjoy problem solving. To attract this audience, they used both old and new media techniques. On social media, they posted links to the opening title sequence on Facebook and Twitter to encourage views and feedback. They also created posters to reach those not online. Feedback showed social media was most effective at spreading the film, as people shared the video widely. The filmmakers gained useful feedback on what audiences liked and disliked to apply to future films.
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Laura Mulvey – Representation Theorist
- 1. Laura Mulvey – Representation Theorist By Heather Larkin
- 2. Introduction to ‘Male Gaze’ The concept of the Male Gaze is a feature of inequality of power. Male gaze is when the audience of a media text are put into the perspective of a heterosexual man. This is where a scene may focus on a woman’s body, facial expression or body language that can be viewed as assertive. Feminists would argue that these images presented in context are views closest relating to that of a male, hence its referral to being the Male Gaze. Mulvey suggests in her theory that male gaze denies women ‘human agency’ and portrays them merely as objects. This means women in the audience have to experience the narrative of the text from the perspective of a male.
- 3. Examples of Male Gaze in other media Mulvey argues that sexism exists not only in the content of a text, but may also exist in how the text is presented. Theorists note the degree to which people ‘gaze’ at women in advertisements "sexualizes" a woman's body even when the woman's body is unrelated to the advertised product. “To gaze implies more than to look at – it signifies a psychological relationship of power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of the gaze.” - Jonathon Schroeder
- 4. How is ‘Male Gaze’ shown in videos? Through how men look at women. Through how women look at themselves. Through how women look at other women.
- 5. Criticisms of the ‘Male Gaze’ theory It can be argued that some women enjoy to attract the attention of men, so it is not a bad thing. For example, in beauty pageants. The gaze can be directed at different genders, and members of the same gender for other reasons, not necessarily in a sexualised context. As an example, comparison of body image and clothing.