Populism emerged in Latin America under Juan Peron in Argentina in the 1940s. Peron advocated for the interests of workers, women, and ethnic minorities against the elite. As a military officer, he convinced the government to improve conditions for labor unions. His wife Eva Peron was also influential in advocating for women's suffrage, education, wages, and healthcare. However, Peron's popularity declined in the 1950s as the economy slowed and he became more repressive, leading to a military coup removing him from power in 1955.

1. Populism and its impact on policy in Latin American Latino Americano: Bali de Gruppo

2. What is Populism? Stems from Peron’s “Third Position”, which was what??? It promised a great deal to the workers…very tough to actually fulfill Populism traditionally has come in periods of turmoil not stability As opposed to Marxism, Populism lacks a real clear identifiable doctrine Based on the will of the majority against the will of the elite It does not target the right or the left Sergio Mendes: Mas Que Nada

3. Argentina 1932-1943 Argentina was ruled by Concordancia Critics called the period the Decada Infame or infamous Decade The government was corrupt, they used violence and intimidation tactics to win elections WWII caused shortages in Argentina and a lack of exports Ramon Castillo became President in 1940 Support for the US would weaken Argentina Due to frustration over grain and meat competition Many Argentinean military officers were pro-German Many believed that the US and GB helped to keep Argentina rural So they stayed neutral in the hopes that A would gain control of trade w/Europe after the war Julio Iglesias: Me Olvide de Vivir

4. Castillo The lack of support for the war was a major issue Argentina was the only country in the Americas to not participate in the war Castillo’s actions meant no assistance for Argentina Brazil received significant economic and military aid for their support This led to fear over a powerful Brazil Nationalists called for a stronger domestic arms program Many feared continued repression by the gov. Patron Costas was next in line Many feared he would bring A into the war against the Axis powers June 6, 1943—a coup against the regime Julio Iglesius: Baila Morena Baila

5. US Involvement General Pedro Ramirez became President The US placed trade restrictions on A and gave money and military equipment to B Ramirez agreed to break ties with the Axis powers Nationalists forced Ramirez to resign and placed General Edelmiro Farrell as President The military felt they needed a submissive work force to strengthen the economy They attacked organized labor, took over the unions, suppressed newspapers and jailed the opposition Had an interesting impact … .Colonel Juan Peron felt that the military should take an active role in strengthening the economy and society Julio Iglesius Un Sentimental

6. Juan Peron Born in 1895 to a farmer, attended National Military School in 1911 Very well respected in the military and became the military attaché to fascist Italy Peron became the VP, Minister of War and was in charge of the Labor Department He looked to women, ethnic minorities and the working class for support The populist movement---the masses Ivete Sangalo: Pais Tropical

7. Populism Instead of attacking labor, he felt the military should join forces 1943– he convinced Gov to change policies towards labor He created the Women’s Division of Labor and Assistance Wanted to improve their conditions Gave a pay raise to the Railway Union as they went on strike He continued to give raises and settle disputes in favor of unions He also created a state system of pensions and health benefits Some did not agree…who? And why? Led to Peron’s imprisonment in 1945 Masses came out in support…forced Farrell to reinstate him after only a few days Farrell scheduled a national election The “Blue Book”…what was its impact? Peron won by 300,000 votes Ivete Sangalo: Como Se Fosse Flor

8. Peron in Power He used the military to stay in power He increased spending and ended conscription Officers were given control of key industries He nationalized basic facilities He established minimum wage and working condition regulations The police broke up strikes by unrecognized unions He disbanded the labor party and removed anyone that disagreed with him And…he had “Evita” She connected the descomisados and women Suffrage, education, improved conditions and wages… Ivete Sangalo: Chorando Se Fui

9. Evita Women received the right to vote in 1947 1941-1950 women admitted to universities doubled 65% of women voted for Peron in 1951 7 women senators and 24 deputies were elected Partido Peronista emerged Her death in 1952 greatly weakened Peron Madonna: Don’t Cry(Evita)

10. Peron took control of the Central Bank He supported industrial investment and expansion He increased steal production and weapons which kept the military happy The economy was strong after the war and was able to pay back its debt in 1947 But in 1949 the programs started losing steam Market strength diminished due to beef and wheat competition with the US and Europe Industrial development became an issue Instituto Argentino de Promocion del Intercambio…what was its impact?

11. Peron’s Fall From Power Recession hit in 1949 Marshall Plan supported Europe through loans….but Exports decreased and real wages dropped by 20 percent The government printed more money to deal with expenditures and bureaucracy… by how much?? Peron became more repressive National Liberating Alliance…. He tried to make Eva a saint…the church did not agree so…. He lost the support of workers and the military..why? 1953-Standard Oil got rights to drill and distribute A military coup took place in 1955…he fled to Spain He did not solve anything…including coal, electrical power, transportation, he did not meet the needs of the people and the power of the hacienda owners remained… Shakira: Antologio