This document provides an overview of laser dermatology and summarizes the history and components of lasers. It describes different types of lasers (solid, liquid, gas) and their applications in dermatology such as treating vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, tattoos, skin resurfacing, and hair removal. Safety considerations and post-laser outcomes are also discussed.
The document provides information about lasers used in dermatology. It discusses the basics of lasers including their components and principles. It describes different types of lasers such as CO2, Er:YAG, pulsed dye, Nd:YAG lasers and their wavelengths. It outlines the uses of lasers in treating conditions like vascular and pigmented lesions, hair removal, tattoos and various skin disorders. It also discusses laser safety and potential side effects.
What is laser; Its uses in dermatology; Types of lasers; Treatment options for acne scars, melasma; hyper pigmentation; wrinkles; warts; Dark skin, facial rejuvenation; stains; rosacea; hair removal options;
Lasers have various applications in plastic surgery including treatment of port wine stains, hemangiomas, acquired vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, tattoos, skin resurfacing, scars, leg veins, hair removal, and laser assisted hair transplantation. The CO2 laser is commonly used for skin resurfacing and treating various skin lesions due to its ability to achieve hemostasis with a sterile wound bed. Other frequently used lasers include pulsed dye lasers, KTP lasers, Nd:YAG lasers, and Er:YAG lasers. Lasers allow for non-invasive or minimally invasive treatments with advantages such as limited ablation depth and collagen shrinkage but also risks such as sc
The document discusses the use of lasers in otolaryngology. It begins with an introduction to lasers and their principles. It then describes different types of lasers used including CO2, Nd:YAG, KTP, argon lasers and their properties. Applications of lasers in ENT are discussed including uses in otology like stapes surgery, external auditory canal procedures and middle ear surgery. Rhinology procedures like turbinate reduction and septal surgery are also covered. Uses of lasers in oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and neck are summarized. Safety considerations with lasers and their delivery systems are provided.
As the title mentions, learn how LASER's are useful for cosmetic and non cosmetic purposes. This is a purely medicine based topic. Not described in lay man terms.
This document discusses the principles of laser-tissue interaction and laser treatment. It begins by defining electromagnetic waves and lasers, describing how they work using stimulated emission. It then covers laser-tissue interactions, describing how different parameters like wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence can be tailored for selective photothermolysis of specific targets. The document also classifies different types of lasers and discusses their applications in treating conditions like vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, hair removal, and skin rejuvenation/resurfacing. It concludes by noting important considerations and potential complications of laser treatments.
This document provides an overview of laser dermatology and summarizes the history and components of lasers. It describes different types of lasers (solid, liquid, gas) and their applications in dermatology such as treating vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, tattoos, skin resurfacing, and hair removal. Safety considerations and post-laser outcomes are also discussed.
The document provides information about lasers used in dermatology. It discusses the basics of lasers including their components and principles. It describes different types of lasers such as CO2, Er:YAG, pulsed dye, Nd:YAG lasers and their wavelengths. It outlines the uses of lasers in treating conditions like vascular and pigmented lesions, hair removal, tattoos and various skin disorders. It also discusses laser safety and potential side effects.
What is laser; Its uses in dermatology; Types of lasers; Treatment options for acne scars, melasma; hyper pigmentation; wrinkles; warts; Dark skin, facial rejuvenation; stains; rosacea; hair removal options;
Lasers have various applications in plastic surgery including treatment of port wine stains, hemangiomas, acquired vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, tattoos, skin resurfacing, scars, leg veins, hair removal, and laser assisted hair transplantation. The CO2 laser is commonly used for skin resurfacing and treating various skin lesions due to its ability to achieve hemostasis with a sterile wound bed. Other frequently used lasers include pulsed dye lasers, KTP lasers, Nd:YAG lasers, and Er:YAG lasers. Lasers allow for non-invasive or minimally invasive treatments with advantages such as limited ablation depth and collagen shrinkage but also risks such as sc
The document discusses the use of lasers in otolaryngology. It begins with an introduction to lasers and their principles. It then describes different types of lasers used including CO2, Nd:YAG, KTP, argon lasers and their properties. Applications of lasers in ENT are discussed including uses in otology like stapes surgery, external auditory canal procedures and middle ear surgery. Rhinology procedures like turbinate reduction and septal surgery are also covered. Uses of lasers in oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and neck are summarized. Safety considerations with lasers and their delivery systems are provided.
As the title mentions, learn how LASER's are useful for cosmetic and non cosmetic purposes. This is a purely medicine based topic. Not described in lay man terms.
This document discusses the principles of laser-tissue interaction and laser treatment. It begins by defining electromagnetic waves and lasers, describing how they work using stimulated emission. It then covers laser-tissue interactions, describing how different parameters like wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence can be tailored for selective photothermolysis of specific targets. The document also classifies different types of lasers and discusses their applications in treating conditions like vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, hair removal, and skin rejuvenation/resurfacing. It concludes by noting important considerations and potential complications of laser treatments.
Updates about lasers in otolaryngologist ENTNassr ALBarhi
This document discusses the use of lasers in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. It provides a history of laser development and describes different types of lasers including CO2, Nd:YAG, KTP, argon, and helium-neon lasers. Each laser has particular properties that make it suitable for different ENT procedures such as nasal surgery, ear surgery, and laryngeal surgery. Lasers provide benefits like hemostasis, coagulation, ablation and precision cutting with minimal bleeding and postoperative complications compared to traditional techniques.
This document provides information on retinal lasers, including their mechanism of action, properties that distinguish them from normal light, types of tissue interaction, parameters that can be adjusted, delivery methods, and applications in treating various retinal conditions. It describes techniques like photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and transpupillary thermotherapy; the lasers and parameters used; and indications for treating diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and wet age-related macular degeneration.
Dr. Krishna Koirala discusses the use of lasers in otorhinolaryngology. Lasers produce coherent, monochromatic light that can be used for cutting, vaporizing, and coagulating tissue. Different laser types are used depending on the desired tissue effect and anatomical site. Lasers offer benefits over traditional techniques such as more precise tissue interaction and reduced bleeding. Potential hazards include damage to non-target tissues and laser-generated smoke. Proper laser safety protocols must be followed to minimize risks during procedures.
This document provides an overview of lasers used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It discusses the historical background of lasers, laser physics, types of lasers, clinical applications including skin resurfacing, vascular and pigmented lesion treatment, hair removal and scar management. Safety considerations and recent advances in laser technology and applications are also covered.
Lasers have various applications in surgery due to their ability to precisely cut, coagulate, and vaporize tissue. The document discusses the types of surgical lasers based on their active medium (solid, semiconductor, liquid, gas) and mode of output (continuous, pulsed, quasi-pulsed). It provides examples of specific lasers like CO2, Nd:YAG, and Dye and their clinical applications in procedures like laparoscopy, vascular applications, skin lesions, and urology. The advantages of lasers include bloodless fields and precise tissue effects, while disadvantages include potential safety hazards if not used correctly.
This document provides an overview of lasers and their uses in ophthalmology. It begins with definitions of laser terminology and physics. It then discusses different types of lasers classified by medium (solid state, gas, etc.) and wavelength used. Applications of lasers described include refractive surgery, glaucoma treatment, retinal photocoagulation, and ocular oncology. Specific laser procedures and their parameters are outlined. Complications of laser treatment and safety considerations are also reviewed.
Different types of lasers and laser delivery systemKrati Gupta
This document discusses different types of lasers and their delivery systems used in ophthalmology. It begins by defining what a laser is and providing a brief history of their development. It then describes the key properties of lasers and the physics behind how they are produced. The document outlines different types of solid state, gas, metal vapor, and other lasers. It discusses the interactions between light and tissue, including photocoagulation, photoablation, photodisruption, and photovaporization. The closing paragraphs cover laser parameters and modes of operation such as continuous wave, pulsed, and Q-switched lasers.
Retinal lasers are used to treat various retinal conditions by using light energy to coagulate tissues. Different types of lasers are used depending on the condition and location being treated. Lasers work through thermal effects like photocoagulation or photodisruption, or photochemical effects like photoradiation. Common uses include treating diabetic retinopathy with panretinal photocoagulation, diabetic macular edema with focal or grid laser, and retinal vein occlusion or choroidal neovascularization with grid laser. Precise laser parameters are used depending on the target tissue and desired effect.
This document provides an overview of the history and applications of lasers in ophthalmology. It discusses how Albert Einstein laid the foundation for laser invention in 1916 and the first ophthalmic laser was created by Theodore Maiman in 1960. The properties, types, and interactions of laser light with tissue are described. Common lasers used in photocoagulation include argon green, frequency doubled Nd:YAG, and krypton red lasers. Applications include treating diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, retinal vascular diseases, and more. Practical aspects like anesthesia and lenses used are also covered.
This document discusses the history and principles of selective photothermolysis for treating pigmented lesions and tattoos. It describes how selective photothermolysis uses laser pulses that are preferentially absorbed by the target chromophores (melanin or tattoo ink) to thermally damage them, while minimizing damage to surrounding tissue. The document outlines the key elements needed for selective photothermolysis and discusses how different laser types can be used depending on the depth and type of pigmentation. It provides tables listing currently available laser and light-based devices used for treating various pigmented lesions and tattoos.
Laser technology has many applications in ENT. Lasers can be used to cut, coagulate, and ablate tissue with precision. The CO2 laser is commonly used for procedures like laryngology, rhinology, and otology due to its ability to cut with minimal thermal damage. Other lasers like KTP and Nd:YAG are used for their coagulation properties. Proper laser selection and safety precautions are important to maximize benefits and minimize risks when using lasers.
This document provides an overview of lasers used in ophthalmology. It discusses the history and physics of lasers, describing key laser characteristics and components. Different types of lasers are outlined, along with factors that determine laser tissue interaction and complications. Applications of lasers in anterior and posterior segment eye diseases are summarized. Delivery systems including slit lamps and scanning laser ophthalmoscopes are also covered, along with safety considerations.
This document provides an overview of lasers used in ophthalmology, including:
1. It describes the basic physics of lasers and how they produce monochromatic, coherent light through population inversion.
2. It outlines different types of lasers used in ophthalmology like Nd:YAG, argon, diode, and excimer lasers. It also discusses pumping mechanisms and modes of operation.
3. Examples of laser applications are provided, such as photocoagulation, photodisruption, photovaporization, and photodynamic therapy. Surgical uses include capsulotomy and vitreolysis.
4. Guidance is given on laser techniques for various retinal conditions
The document discusses lasers used in otolaryngology. It begins by explaining the basic principles of how lasers work, such as stimulated emission and amplification of photons. It then discusses different types of lasers used including CO2, KTP, Nd:YAG, and diode lasers. Applications are described for procedures like stapedotomy, turbinate reduction, and tumors. Safety considerations and the parameters used for different procedures are also outlined.
Laser technology has many applications in ophthalmology. The first laser used was a ruby laser in 1960. Common lasers used include argon, Nd:YAG, and diode lasers which are selected based on their wavelength absorption properties. Lasers are used for procedures like posterior capsulotomy, retinal photocoagulation, glaucoma treatments like ALT and SLT, and laser peripheral iridotomies. The interaction of laser light with tissue can cause effects like photocoagulation, photodisruption, photoablation and photoactivation which underlie different clinical applications. Precise parameters are needed to achieve the desired effect safely and effectively for each procedure and laser type.
1. Different lasers are used for different skin conditions - ablative CO2 and Er:YAG lasers for resurfacing, pulsed dye laser for vascular lesions like port wine stains, alexandrite laser for lighter skin.
2. The pulsed dye laser, which targets oxyhemoglobin, is the gold standard for treating port wine stains, with parameters of 585-595nm wavelength, 6-8 J/cm2 fluence, and 3ms pulse duration.
3. Lasers can be used to treat hemangiomas, with the pulsed dye laser at lower fluences of 6-7 J/cm2 effective for flat lesions under 2mm, and
This document discusses the use of lasers in the treatment of glaucoma. It begins by introducing different types of lasers used, including Nd:YAG lasers. It then covers specific laser procedures for glaucoma such as laser iridotomy to relieve pupillary block, laser iridoplasty to modify the iris, and laser trabeculoplasty to increase outflow. It compares argon laser trabeculoplasty to selective laser trabeculoplasty. The document also discusses laser techniques for angle closure glaucoma, post-operative treatment, and cyclophotocoagulation to reduce aqueous production. Throughout, it provides details on laser parameters and outcomes of these procedures.
Laser, cryosurgery and its application in veterinary practiceGangaYadav4
This document discusses laser and cryosurgery and their applications. It describes how lasers work by stimulating emission of light and their properties of being monochromatic, collimated, and coherent. It discusses different types of lasers used for surgery, how lasers interact with tissue, and laser safety. Cryosurgery uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal tissue by forming ice crystals inside cells. Methods of cryosurgery include using liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or argon gas to freeze tissues. Applications of laser and cryosurgery are described for various medical specialties like general surgery, ophthalmology, ENT, dermatology, and elective procedures.
Lasers have many uses in ophthalmology, both therapeutic and diagnostic. Therapeutically, lasers are used to treat retinal disorders like diabetic retinopathy, macular edema and retinal detachments. They are also used in procedures like laser iridotomy and trabeculoplasty to treat glaucoma. Diagnostically, lasers are used in optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy to image the retina. Different types of lasers like argon, Nd:YAG and excimer interact with tissue in various ways such as coagulation, vaporization or ablation, depending on the wavelength and power. While lasers are generally safe, potential complications include pain, elevated pressure, retinal damage and
Updates about lasers in otolaryngologist ENTNassr ALBarhi
This document discusses the use of lasers in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. It provides a history of laser development and describes different types of lasers including CO2, Nd:YAG, KTP, argon, and helium-neon lasers. Each laser has particular properties that make it suitable for different ENT procedures such as nasal surgery, ear surgery, and laryngeal surgery. Lasers provide benefits like hemostasis, coagulation, ablation and precision cutting with minimal bleeding and postoperative complications compared to traditional techniques.
This document provides information on retinal lasers, including their mechanism of action, properties that distinguish them from normal light, types of tissue interaction, parameters that can be adjusted, delivery methods, and applications in treating various retinal conditions. It describes techniques like photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and transpupillary thermotherapy; the lasers and parameters used; and indications for treating diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and wet age-related macular degeneration.
Dr. Krishna Koirala discusses the use of lasers in otorhinolaryngology. Lasers produce coherent, monochromatic light that can be used for cutting, vaporizing, and coagulating tissue. Different laser types are used depending on the desired tissue effect and anatomical site. Lasers offer benefits over traditional techniques such as more precise tissue interaction and reduced bleeding. Potential hazards include damage to non-target tissues and laser-generated smoke. Proper laser safety protocols must be followed to minimize risks during procedures.
This document provides an overview of lasers used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It discusses the historical background of lasers, laser physics, types of lasers, clinical applications including skin resurfacing, vascular and pigmented lesion treatment, hair removal and scar management. Safety considerations and recent advances in laser technology and applications are also covered.
Lasers have various applications in surgery due to their ability to precisely cut, coagulate, and vaporize tissue. The document discusses the types of surgical lasers based on their active medium (solid, semiconductor, liquid, gas) and mode of output (continuous, pulsed, quasi-pulsed). It provides examples of specific lasers like CO2, Nd:YAG, and Dye and their clinical applications in procedures like laparoscopy, vascular applications, skin lesions, and urology. The advantages of lasers include bloodless fields and precise tissue effects, while disadvantages include potential safety hazards if not used correctly.
This document provides an overview of lasers and their uses in ophthalmology. It begins with definitions of laser terminology and physics. It then discusses different types of lasers classified by medium (solid state, gas, etc.) and wavelength used. Applications of lasers described include refractive surgery, glaucoma treatment, retinal photocoagulation, and ocular oncology. Specific laser procedures and their parameters are outlined. Complications of laser treatment and safety considerations are also reviewed.
Different types of lasers and laser delivery systemKrati Gupta
This document discusses different types of lasers and their delivery systems used in ophthalmology. It begins by defining what a laser is and providing a brief history of their development. It then describes the key properties of lasers and the physics behind how they are produced. The document outlines different types of solid state, gas, metal vapor, and other lasers. It discusses the interactions between light and tissue, including photocoagulation, photoablation, photodisruption, and photovaporization. The closing paragraphs cover laser parameters and modes of operation such as continuous wave, pulsed, and Q-switched lasers.
Retinal lasers are used to treat various retinal conditions by using light energy to coagulate tissues. Different types of lasers are used depending on the condition and location being treated. Lasers work through thermal effects like photocoagulation or photodisruption, or photochemical effects like photoradiation. Common uses include treating diabetic retinopathy with panretinal photocoagulation, diabetic macular edema with focal or grid laser, and retinal vein occlusion or choroidal neovascularization with grid laser. Precise laser parameters are used depending on the target tissue and desired effect.
This document provides an overview of the history and applications of lasers in ophthalmology. It discusses how Albert Einstein laid the foundation for laser invention in 1916 and the first ophthalmic laser was created by Theodore Maiman in 1960. The properties, types, and interactions of laser light with tissue are described. Common lasers used in photocoagulation include argon green, frequency doubled Nd:YAG, and krypton red lasers. Applications include treating diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, retinal vascular diseases, and more. Practical aspects like anesthesia and lenses used are also covered.
This document discusses the history and principles of selective photothermolysis for treating pigmented lesions and tattoos. It describes how selective photothermolysis uses laser pulses that are preferentially absorbed by the target chromophores (melanin or tattoo ink) to thermally damage them, while minimizing damage to surrounding tissue. The document outlines the key elements needed for selective photothermolysis and discusses how different laser types can be used depending on the depth and type of pigmentation. It provides tables listing currently available laser and light-based devices used for treating various pigmented lesions and tattoos.
Laser technology has many applications in ENT. Lasers can be used to cut, coagulate, and ablate tissue with precision. The CO2 laser is commonly used for procedures like laryngology, rhinology, and otology due to its ability to cut with minimal thermal damage. Other lasers like KTP and Nd:YAG are used for their coagulation properties. Proper laser selection and safety precautions are important to maximize benefits and minimize risks when using lasers.
This document provides an overview of lasers used in ophthalmology. It discusses the history and physics of lasers, describing key laser characteristics and components. Different types of lasers are outlined, along with factors that determine laser tissue interaction and complications. Applications of lasers in anterior and posterior segment eye diseases are summarized. Delivery systems including slit lamps and scanning laser ophthalmoscopes are also covered, along with safety considerations.
This document provides an overview of lasers used in ophthalmology, including:
1. It describes the basic physics of lasers and how they produce monochromatic, coherent light through population inversion.
2. It outlines different types of lasers used in ophthalmology like Nd:YAG, argon, diode, and excimer lasers. It also discusses pumping mechanisms and modes of operation.
3. Examples of laser applications are provided, such as photocoagulation, photodisruption, photovaporization, and photodynamic therapy. Surgical uses include capsulotomy and vitreolysis.
4. Guidance is given on laser techniques for various retinal conditions
The document discusses lasers used in otolaryngology. It begins by explaining the basic principles of how lasers work, such as stimulated emission and amplification of photons. It then discusses different types of lasers used including CO2, KTP, Nd:YAG, and diode lasers. Applications are described for procedures like stapedotomy, turbinate reduction, and tumors. Safety considerations and the parameters used for different procedures are also outlined.
Laser technology has many applications in ophthalmology. The first laser used was a ruby laser in 1960. Common lasers used include argon, Nd:YAG, and diode lasers which are selected based on their wavelength absorption properties. Lasers are used for procedures like posterior capsulotomy, retinal photocoagulation, glaucoma treatments like ALT and SLT, and laser peripheral iridotomies. The interaction of laser light with tissue can cause effects like photocoagulation, photodisruption, photoablation and photoactivation which underlie different clinical applications. Precise parameters are needed to achieve the desired effect safely and effectively for each procedure and laser type.
1. Different lasers are used for different skin conditions - ablative CO2 and Er:YAG lasers for resurfacing, pulsed dye laser for vascular lesions like port wine stains, alexandrite laser for lighter skin.
2. The pulsed dye laser, which targets oxyhemoglobin, is the gold standard for treating port wine stains, with parameters of 585-595nm wavelength, 6-8 J/cm2 fluence, and 3ms pulse duration.
3. Lasers can be used to treat hemangiomas, with the pulsed dye laser at lower fluences of 6-7 J/cm2 effective for flat lesions under 2mm, and
This document discusses the use of lasers in the treatment of glaucoma. It begins by introducing different types of lasers used, including Nd:YAG lasers. It then covers specific laser procedures for glaucoma such as laser iridotomy to relieve pupillary block, laser iridoplasty to modify the iris, and laser trabeculoplasty to increase outflow. It compares argon laser trabeculoplasty to selective laser trabeculoplasty. The document also discusses laser techniques for angle closure glaucoma, post-operative treatment, and cyclophotocoagulation to reduce aqueous production. Throughout, it provides details on laser parameters and outcomes of these procedures.
Laser, cryosurgery and its application in veterinary practiceGangaYadav4
This document discusses laser and cryosurgery and their applications. It describes how lasers work by stimulating emission of light and their properties of being monochromatic, collimated, and coherent. It discusses different types of lasers used for surgery, how lasers interact with tissue, and laser safety. Cryosurgery uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal tissue by forming ice crystals inside cells. Methods of cryosurgery include using liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or argon gas to freeze tissues. Applications of laser and cryosurgery are described for various medical specialties like general surgery, ophthalmology, ENT, dermatology, and elective procedures.
Lasers have many uses in ophthalmology, both therapeutic and diagnostic. Therapeutically, lasers are used to treat retinal disorders like diabetic retinopathy, macular edema and retinal detachments. They are also used in procedures like laser iridotomy and trabeculoplasty to treat glaucoma. Diagnostically, lasers are used in optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy to image the retina. Different types of lasers like argon, Nd:YAG and excimer interact with tissue in various ways such as coagulation, vaporization or ablation, depending on the wavelength and power. While lasers are generally safe, potential complications include pain, elevated pressure, retinal damage and
Similar to lasersinplasticsurgery-180614061135.pptx (20)
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
2. HISTORY
1960 -MAIMAN–Ruby rod(694 nm)
1961-Nd:YAG
1962-Argon
1964-CO2
Dr Leon Goldman-pioneered use of Ruby LASER on
cadaver and later on patients.
1983-theory of selective photothermolysis by Anderson
and Parrish.
3. LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulate Emission of Radiation
Characteristics: 1)Monochromaticity-same wave length
2)Coherence-waves are in phase in time
and space
3)Collimation-waves remain parallel
4.
5. COMPONENTS OF LASER DEVICE:
1)Energy source
2)Lasing medium
3)Amplifier
8. GAS: 1)Argon 488,514 OxyHB,Melanin
2)Helium:Neon 633
3)CO2 10600 water
4)Excimer UV breaks chemical bonds
LASER OUTPUT
CONTINUOUS MODE- co2 LASER
PULSD MODE- pulse duration in micro second
QUALITY SWITCHING- pulse duration in
nanoseconds with extremely high peak power
9.
10. TISSUE OPTICS: FATE OF LASER LIGHT
1)Reflection-4to6%
2)Absorption-initial intensity
-chromophores
a)Endogenous-HB,melanin,water,collagen
b)Exogenous-tattoo ink,photosensitizer
3)Scattering-mainly due to collagen
more with shorter wave length
4)Transmission-residual light is transmitted
-more with large wave length as
there is less scattering
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. LASER OUTPUT
Depends on lasing medium and electric supply
Energy: Joule( J )
Power is the rate at which energy is delivered
W=J / sec
Power density is the rate at which energy is delivered per
unit area ( W / cm2 )
FLUENCE :amount of energy delivered per cm2
J/cm2
THERMAL RELAXATION TIME:
16. LIGHT TISSUE INTERACTION:
1)Photostimulation: wound healing
2)Photodynamic reactions: topical or systemic
administration of photo sensitizer dye and later
irradiation leads to oxidative reactions(cancer ,acne)
3)Photothermolytic and photomechanical reaction:
a) 37-60 C –tissue retraction
b) 60-90 C-protein denaturation and coagulation
c) 90-1oo C- carbonization & burning
d) >100 C- tissue is vaporized and ablated
17. TISSUE COOLING
AIM:
1)Preservation of epidermis.
2) Delivery of higher energy to target area.
3) Analgesia
1)Cold air convection-chilled air -30 c is directed onto
the area to be treated
2)Contact cooling-application of ice packs or chilled
water is passed in between transparent plates of
sapphire
3)Cryogen spray(dynamic cooling)-frozen gas is sprayed
onto the skin immediately before the laser pulse
18. ADVANTAGES
Increased precision while cutting
No contact
Specificity
Sterilization of operating site
Less pain ,bleeding and quicker healing
Lesser coagulation causes little surrounding damage
Reduced hospitalization time
19. LASER HAZARDS
EYE HAZARD- corneal and retinal burns,
corneal and lenticular opacities
cataract
visual loss
SKIN HAZARDS-burns,purpura,vesicles
FIRE HAZARDS
20. CO2 LASER - 10,600nm
Infrared invisible LASER
Target chromophore : water
Penetration <1 mm
CW /Superpulsed CO2
USES:Focused Mode-skin tags, warts moles ,
as a knife
Defocused Mode-skin resurfacing,acne scars,
chickenpox scars,
rhinophyma
22. Nd:YAG LASER -1064nm
Infrared invisible LASER in which Nd is doped in a
crystal of YAG.
Target chromophore: pigments
Penetration -10-20mm
vessel- 3 mm
USES: tattoo marks
pigmented skin lesions
vascular lesions
useful in hemorrhagic disorders
34. EXCIMER LASER
They are Ultraviolet LASERS( 193 ,248 ,308 ,355nm )
The lasing medium uses a gas mixture of 0.1% Ar Fl
or Kr Fl / Xe Cl /Xe Fl
Used in LASIK
35. COPPER VAPOR LASER
CVL use elemental copper to emit either green
light at 511 nm or yellow light at 578 nm.
Target chromophore-oxyhemoglobin,melanin
Uses: vascular lesions
More scarring and pigmentary changes
41. ANESTHESIA
Topical anesthetics - EMLA
LIDOCAINE-5%
TOPICAINE
TETRACAINE
Local injections and facial nerve blocks
Other drugs-anxiolytics and NSAIDs
According to need –regional block, G/A, conscious
sedation
43. Treatment protocol-hypertrophic scar
RED-PDL alone or combined with steroids
or 5-FU every 4 weeks until desired results achieved
NOT RED-occlusion, steroids or 5-FU every 4 weeks
until desired results achieved (5-FU: 50mg/ml)
Steroids to be injected after laser
multiple visits-4-6 wk interval
SIDE EFFECTS-burning, pain ,purpura
hyper pigmentations
44. Fitzpatrick skin type
Type I White, never tans, always burns
Type II White, sometimes tans, usually burns
Type III White, tans at average rate, sometimes burns
Type IV Moderate brown, tans with ease, rarely burns
Type V Dark brown, tans very easily,
very rarely burns
Type VI Black, tans very easily, does not burn
47. VASCULAR LESIONS
SELECTIVE THERMOLYSIS:
It is the ability to target a specific
chromophore in the skin without damaging
surrounding structures through the selection of the
proper wavelength, pulse duration and fluence.
TARGET CHROMOPHORE: Oxyhemoglobin
PEAKS: 18nm, 542nm, 577nm
Pulse duration< thermal relaxation time of intended
target
Initial LASER:488nm &514 nm continuous argon LASER
49. SUPERFICIAL HEMANGIOMAS:
1) Pulsed dye LASER -585-595nm
depth of penetration – 1.2 mm
2)Intense pulse light(IPL) 515-1200nm
3)KTP 532nm
DEEP HEMANGIOMAS
1)Nd:YAG 1064 nm
depth of penetration-4 to 6 mm
2)Intense pulse light(IPL) 515-1200nm
-effective for sup. and deep vasculature
-high fluence and large spots
-more uniform heating and coagulation
50. PORT WINE STAIN –dilated dermal cappilaries and
venules-(50-100 micro met)
1) Pulsed dye LASER -585-595nm
better results in infants,light skin,small area
2)Nd:YAG 1064nm
for nodular and hypertrophic port winestain
51.
52.
53. VENOUS MALFORMATIONS
Consist of dilated cluster of varicose vein
for superficial small lesion-PDL
bulky lesion-KTP / Nd:YAG LASER
Photocoagulation can be done using a laser fiber passed
percutaneously through a hypodermic needle
54. LYMPHATIC MALFORMATIONS:
cutaneous vesicle resembling tint blisters represent
the dermal component of a lymphatic malformation
which is associated with a more extensive
subcutaneous component
Problematic lymphatic oozing occurs from ulcerated
vesicle can be palliatively treated with CO2 laser
TELENGIECTASIA:
They are small dilated dermal vessel commonly located
on midface region and appear as linear red or blue
vessel-PDL, KTP, IPL, Nd:YAG
55.
56. SPIDER ANGIOMAS-consist of central feeding arteriole
and radiating branches-PDL has excellent result
CHERRY ANGIOMAS- superficial macular or papular
cherry colored nodule-PDL
PYOGENIC GRANULOMA-they are shiny nodules of
proliferative vascular tissue covered by a fragile epidermal
layer,found in children and pregnant women and has
property to bleed when ulcerated
PDL or KTP laser are good alternatives ,can be used with
glass slide to compress the bleeding base.
57. NON MELANOMA SKIN CANCER
Ideal candidate: sup BCC <2mm thick,SCC in situ
elderly or frail patient
multiple co morbidities
multiple lesions
lesion covering a cosmetic unit
LASER:superpulsed co2
Er:YAG
PDT:MOA-generation of phototoxic protoporphyrin IX
ALA /Methyl ALA (14-18 hours) –BLU-U light
exposure (16 min)
62. TATTOOS
Decorative tattoos-pigments or foreign matter is
imbedded in the dermis of the skin intentionally.
Therapeutic-radiation marking/nipple areola
reconstruction
Traumatic-road rash/gun shot injury/explosions
Pre op counselling :multiple sessions( 5 -20)
possible complications
63. Target chromophore: tattoo ink particles present in
macrophages or scattered throughout the dermis.
LASER acts by shattering ink particles into small
fragments facilitating more rapid removal by
macrophages
Patient selection :amateur variety
fair skin ,untanned skin
dark blue or black tattoo>1 yr
64. Dark blue and black tattoos
Light skin- 755 nm Q-s alexadrite
Dark skin- 1064 nm Q-s Nd:YAG
Green tattoos
694 nm Q-s ruby
Red tattoos
532 nm Q-s Nd:YAG
Test spots should be performed ,evaluate after 4-8 wks,
Entire area should be treated
67. Side effects and complications
-alteration in pigmentation
-darkening of tattoo pigment
-thermal injury and scarring
TATTOO GRANULOMA:CO2 LASER
68. PIGMENTED SKIN LESIONS
FRECKLES PDL ( Green 510nm)
SOLAR LENTIGEENES KTP
CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS Nd:YAG(532nm)
NEVI OF OTA RUBY
NEVI OF ITO ALEXANDRITE
DIODE
70. LASER HAIR REMOVAL
Light energy is used to destroy the hair root for
permanent hair reduction
Delayed hair regrowth are common.
Multiple sessions are required.
EXTENDED THEORY OF SELECTIVE
PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS
Target chromophore is MELANIN of hair shaft and
matrix cell in which heat is generated and transmitted
to stem cell of isthmus and blood vessel in papilla
Diode,alexandrite,Nd:YAG - dark hair and fair skin,
IPL for light or grey hair
73. LASER LIPOSUCTION
SMART LIPO/ LASER LIPO/ LUNCH TIME LIPO
Through 2 to 3 mm incision a small caliber tube is
introduced containing low energy LASER fiber ,
which selectively destroys fat cells.
Upto 3.5 kg wt loss achieved.
Adv: rapid recovery ,minimal pain ,can be done under
L/A, no scar
Disadv : swelling ,bruising , infection
74. RHYTIDES
removal of epidermis and papillary dermis,stimulates
formation of new collagen and rejuvenate superficial
skin layer.
Skin actually tightens as the dermal collagen is
contracted because heat generated by the laser.
Pretreatment with 1 month of retinoic acid and
hydroquinone bleaching cream is common.
Er:YAG ,CO2 laser are of choice.
Post therapy erythema lasts for many months.
75. LASER BLEPHAROPLASTY
CO2 LASER: focused & defocused mode
Adv: making incision
hemostasis
less operative time
fast recovery
S/E: ocular
laser burns
intra operative fire
post op edema
delayed wound healing
wound dehiscence
