The document provides information about the physical features of the Philippines, including its location relative to surrounding continents and oceans, major landforms, volcanoes, bodies of water, earth materials, soil resources, and water resources. It also discusses ways natural resources are protected and preserved, as well as threats like deforestation, mining, destruction of coral reefs, air pollution, and water pollution.

1. Physical Features
of the Philippines

2. Continents & Oceans around the Philippines
Q1: What is the location of the Philippines due North?
Philippines is bounded by the Luzon Strait
Q2: Across the Luzon Strait, what islands lies on the
East China Sea.
Island of Taiwan
Q3: At the farther north of Taiwan, what shore is located?
Eastern Shore of China

3. Continents & Oceans around the Philippines
Q4: What is located west of the Philippines?
West Philippine Sea
Q5: What countries we can find directly west and
through the West Philippine Sea?
Vietnam and the other countries on the southeast of the
Asian continent
Q6: At the southwest of the Philippines, what sea and
island are located?
Sulu Sea & Island of Borneo

4. Continents and Oceans around the Philippines
Q7: What is the location of the Philippines due south?
It is bounded by the Celebes Sea and the islands of
Indonesian Archipelago
Q8: What is the location of the Philippines due east?
It is bounded by the Philippine Sea which opens out to
the vastness of the Pacific Ocean

5. Physical Features of the Philippines
Q1: What is the total area of the Philippines?
300 000 square kilometres
Q2: What about the land area of the Philippines?
298 170 square kilometres
Q3: What is the total length of the shorelines of the
Philippine Archipelago?
36 289 km

6. Physical Features of the Philippines
Q4: What are the two largest islands?
Luzon in the north & Mindanao in the south
Q5: What are the 7 main islands among the Visayan
island?
Masbate, Samar, Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte
Q6: What is the distance from the northern end of Luzon
and southern tip of Mindanao?
1800 km

7. Physical Features of the Philippines
Q7: What is the distance from the easternmost ends of
Surigao del Sur to the westernmost tip of Palawan?
1200 km
Q8: What is the highest point of the Philippines?
Mount Apo
Q9: What is the height of Mount Apo and where it is
located?
2954 m (9691 ft.), located in Mindanao

8. Physical Features of the Philippines
Q10: What is the second highest point of the
Philippines?
Mount Pulag
Q11: What is the height of Mount Pulag and where it is
located?
2922 m, located in Luzon

9. Major Landforms in the Philippines
Q1: What are the three mountain ranges on the islands
of Luzon? The Cordilleras, Caraballo Mountain Range, and
the Sierra Madre Mountain Range
Q2: Where is the Cordilleras located?
Q3: What provinces does it pass through?
Northern Central part of Luzon
It runs through the provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet,
Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province

10. Major Landforms in the Philippines
Q4: Where is the Sierra Made Mountain Range located?
North-eastern coast of Luzon
Q5: What provinces does it pass through?
It starts in the province of Cagayan and passes through
the northern provinces of Cagayan: Isabela, Nueva
Viscaya, and Quirino; Aurora, Nueva Ecija, and Bulacan in
Central Luzon and Laguna, Rizal and ending in Quezon in
the south, near the eastern edge of Laguna de Bay.

11. Major Landforms in the Philippines
Q6: What mountain range is located in the central part of
Luzon?
Caraballo Mountain Range
Q7: What mountain range is located on Mindanao island
in the province of Bukidnon (central part)?
Q8: What mountain range dominates the northern
central portion of Bukidnon ?
Kalatungan Mountains
Kitanglad Mountain Range

12. Major Landforms in the Philippines
Q9: Where is Mount Mayon located?
Island of Luzon, in Daraga, Albay
Q10: Where is Mount Pinatubo located?
Q11: Where is Taal Volcano located?
Zambales
Batangas

13. Some of the Volcanoes in the Philippines
Volcano Provinces
Ambalatugan
Babuyan Claro
Banahaw
Biliran
Bulusan
Cagua
Camiguin de Babuyanes
Didicas
Kalinga
Cagayan
Quezon
Biliran
Sorsogon
Cagayan
Camiguin
Cagayan

14. Some of the Volcanoes in the Philippines
Volcano Provinces
Hibok - Hibok
Iraya
Iriga
Jolo Group
Kanlaon
Leonard Kniaseff
Makaturing
Matatum
Camiguin
Batanes
Camarines Sur
Sulu
Negros
Davao del Norte
Lanao del Sur
South Cotabato

15. Some of the Volcanoes in the Philippines
Volcano Provinces
Musuan
Parker
Ragang
San Pablo Volcano
Smith
Bukidnon
South Cotabato
Lanao del Sur
Laguna de Bay
Cagayan

16. Bodies of Water in the Philippines
Q1: What are the Philippines’ three largest rivers?
Cagayan River in Northern Luzon, Rio Grande
de Mindanao in Mindanao and the Agusan River
in Agusan del Sur
Q2: What is the most popular heart – shaped lake in the
Philippines found in Laguna.
Laguna de Bay

17. Bodies of Water in the Philippines
Sampaloc Lake San Pablo, Laguna
Bulusan Lake Sorsogon
Buhi Lake Camarines Sur
Naujan Lake Oriental Mindoro
Lake Lanao Lanao del Sur
Lake Mainit Mindanao

18. Bodies of Water in the Philippines
Q1: What is the biggest waterfall that is 98 meters in
height? And where it is located?
Maria Cristina Falls, found in Iligan City in Lanao del Norte
Q2: Iligan City is also known as because it has 23
waterfalls?
“City of Majestic Waterfalls”
Q3: It is also known as the Niagara of the Philippines
which is found in Bislig City
Tinuy – an Falls

19. Bodies of Water in the Philippines
Pagsanjan Falls Laguna
Tudaya Falls Davao del Sur
Daranak and Taktak Rizal
Kawasan and Mantayupan Cebu
Kalatungan and Alalum Bukidnon
Mambukal Negros Occidental
Busay Bohol

20. Earth Materials
Q1: What is the country’s most abundant metal?
Minerals, gold, copper and nickel
Q2: Where can we find the prolific gold and copper
producers?
Baguio and Mankayan Districts
Q3: What district contribute much to Philippine gold
production?
Surigao – Davao District

21. Earth Materials
Q4: Where is nickel mined?
Surigao del Norte, davao, Palawan, Romblon and Samar
Q5: Where can we find the iron deposits?
Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Camarines Norte and
Cotabato
Q6: Where can we find copper?
Zambales, Mindoro, Batangas, Panay and
Negros

22. Earth Materials
Q7: What are the other minerals present in our country?
Cobalt, silver, gold and zinc chromite
Q8: Which non metal are abundant to the country?
Marble, cement and lime
Q9: Where can we find the coal deposits?
Semirara Island, Province of Antique

23. Earth Materials
Q10: Where are the deposits of natural gas discovered?
Malampayaa, 80 km northwest of Palawan

24. Soil Resources
Q1: Where can we find the wide plains and fertile soils
that is suitable for farming?
Cagayan Valley, Central Plains, Bicol, Panay, Negros,
Cotabato, Agusan and Bukidnon
Q2: What crops are planted in this plains and fertile
soils? Rice, corn, surgarcane, coconut, abaca and
tabacco
Q3: What district contribute much to Philippine gold
production?
Surigao – Davao District

25. Soil Conservation: CONTOUR FARMING
Crops are planted on sloping land so
that each row runs around the slope
at the same level. This method of
farming helps prevent soil erosion on
the mountainsides.

26. Soil Conservation: STRIP CROPPING
It is used to prevent the washing
down of soil after slopes have been
smoothed and planted. The farmer
plants a row of crops in one strip,
and another kind of crop in a
separate strip

27. Soil Conservation: CROP ROTATION
• Farmer do not plant the same
crops in the same soil to
maintain soil fertility.
• One type of crop is planted for
one season and another crop is
planted for the next season.

28. Water Resources
It is a natural resource used for drinking, bathing, cooking, cleaning, growing
crops and manufacturing goods.
In addition, both freshwater and
saltwater provide important
sources of food such as fish,
seashells, seaweeds and others
Also, people use water for
recreational activities like
swimming, boating and fishing

29. Protecting and
Preserving our
Resources

30. Deforestation
Most of the land area of the Philippines
was densely forested before the 1900’s.
Forested areas have greatly declined in
the last 100 years due of uncontrolled
logging even in watershed areas. Today,
a logging ban is imposed on many areas
of the country and only in selected areas
is “sustainable logging” allowed.

31. Mining
Mining is an attractive economic venture
but it always brings numerous problems.
Mining destroys the natural environment and
alters the natural conditions of the
surrounding area. Processing the mineral
ores often involves chemical processes that
emit toxic gases, airborne particles and
harmful waste materials.

32. Destruction of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are like underwater forests with a
complex ecosystem than supports marine
life. Corals reefs are damaged overfishing,
poison and dynamite fishing. Reefs are be
buried by excessive amount of silt and
sediments washed out to the sea as an effect
of deforestation, mining and poor farming
practices. Sewage and contaminants pollute
coral reefs.

33. Air Pollution
It is an important natural
resources, yet it is one that we
tend to take for granted

34. Air Pollution
Clean Air Act of 1999 (R.A. 8749) which declares the state recognises that a
clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and should, therefore, be
the concerned of all.
The Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) shall
implement emission standards for industries and motor vehicles pursuant to
and provided in the Clean Air Act.
The DOTC together with the Department of industry (DTI) and Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) shall establish the procedures
for inspection of motor vehicles and testing their emission for the purpose of
determining the concentration or rate of pollutants discharged by the sources
of pollution stated in the Clean Air Act.

35. Water Pollution
It pertains to any physical,
chemical, and biological changes in
the water quality that adversely
affect living organisms. It makes
water unsuitable for its desired use
or purposed.

36. Sources Water Pollution
Deliberate disposal of domestic waste at point
sources such as landfills, septic tanks, water –
borne sewage system and storm drain wells
can have an impact on the quality of
groundwater.
Agricultural practices like excessive
addition of fertilizer, agrichemicals, and
the artificial withdrawal of large amount
of water to irrigate croplands contributes
to water pollution.

37. Sources Water Pollution
Industrial activities use nearby aquatic
resources as accessible water dumps
Litter consist of plastics items, wrappers
and garbage thrown directly in creeks,
lakes or rivers.

38. Sources Water Pollution
Petroleum spills happens either
deliberately or accidentally