EU directive about Landfill waste
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The Council Directive 1999/31/EC establishes targets and rules for landfill of waste in the EU. It aims to prevent pollution from landfills by reducing biodegradable municipal solid waste landfilled to 75% of 1995 levels by 2006, 50% by 2009, and 35% by 2016. The directive requires member states to collect information on landfill operators and sites, enforce restrictions on hazardous waste types landfilled, and ensure operators cover costs of operating, closing, and monitoring landfill sites. It also establishes the EU's approach of promoting waste prevention, recycling, and proper disposal and monitoring over dumping in landfills.
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EU directive about Landfill waste
- 1. COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the Landfill of Waste Daniel Colm Managing Green and Sustainable Business Environments
- 2. Agenda Overview Directive Developments Comments
- 3. 67% of EU waste is incinerated or dumped into landfills
- 4. Landfills pollute AIR WATER SOIL
- 5. Landfills produce methane x25 higher greenhouse effect CO2 CH4
- 6. Breakdown of biodegradable waste releases heavy metals (leachate)
- 7. Waste prevention EU’s approach Recycling Disposal and and reuse monitoring
- 8. Waste prevention EU’s approach Recycling Disposal and and reuse monitoring
- 9. Art. 7 MS must collect information regarding: - who accesses (applicant and operator) - waste delivered (types and quantity) - state of site (hydrogeology) - closure and after-care plan of site - pollution prevention and monitoring methods
- 10. Art 5.2 100% 75% 50% Target: Biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills 25% compared to 1995’s levels in years from directive adoption 0% 1995 +5 +8 +15
- 11. Art 5.3 liquid waste explosive hospital tyres corrosive clinical w. flammable oxidizing w.
- 12. Art 5.3 liquid waste explosive hospital tyres corrosive clinical w. flammable oxidizing w.
- 13. Financial sustainability Operators pay price € to cover landfill’s operating closure after-care expenses of site.
- 14. Future developments 1999 directive came into force 2001 implemented by MSs 2006 red. to 75% of 1995 2009 red. to 50% of 1995 2016 red. to 35% of 1995 ????
- 15. Comments 1. Target for reduction of inert waste? 2. Separation of waste types for future discoveries/applications? 3. Export of waste outside the EU?
- 16. COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the Landfill of Waste Daniel Colm Managing Green and Sustainable Business Environments
Editor's Notes
- Landfilling = waste of valuable space
- Without the presence of oxygen, landfill waste produces methane, which is 25 times a stronger pollutant that carbondioxide.
- monitoring is regulated by the article 7 of the directive (Application for permit):Member States shall take measures in order that the application for a landfill permit must contain at least particulars of the following: (a) the identity of the applicant and of the operator when they are different entities; (b) the description of the types and total quantity of waste to be deposited; (c) the proposed capacity of the disposal site; (d) the description of the site, including its hydrogeological and geological characteristics; (e) the proposed methods for pollution prevention and abatement; (f) the proposed operation, monitoring and control plan; (g) the proposed plan for the closure and after-care procedures; (h) where an impact assessment is required under Council Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (1), the information provided by the developer in accordance with Article 5 of that Directive; (i) the financial security by the applicant, or any other equivalent provision, as required under Article 8(a)(iv) of this Directive. Following a successful application for a permit, this information shall be made available to the competent national and Community statistical authorities when requested for statistical purposes.
- monitoring is regulated by the article 7 of the directive (Application for permit):Member States shall take measures in order that the application for a landfill permit must contain at least particulars of the following: (a) the identity of the applicant and of the operator when they are different entities; (b) the description of the types and total quantity of waste to be deposited; (c) the proposed capacity of the disposal site; (d) the description of the site, including its hydrogeological and geological characteristics; (e) the proposed methods for pollution prevention and abatement; (f) the proposed operation, monitoring and control plan; (g) the proposed plan for the closure and after-care procedures; (h) where an impact assessment is required under Council Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (1), the information provided by the developer in accordance with Article 5 of that Directive; (i) the financial security by the applicant, or any other equivalent provision, as required under Article 8(a)(iv) of this Directive. Following a successful application for a permit, this information shall be made available to the competent national and Community statistical authorities when requested for statistical purposes.
- In 2 years Member States should set up strategies to reduce biodegradable waste (BMW) going to landfillsIn 5 years BMW going to landfills must be reduced to 75% of 1995’s levelsIn 8 years BMW going to landfills must be reduced to 50% of 1995’s levelsIn 15 years BMW going to landfills must be reduced to 35% of 1995’s levels
- Art 5.3Following waste shall not be accepted in a landfill:liquid wasteexplosive, corrosive, oxidizing, flammable wastehospital and clinical wastetyres
- Art 5.3Following waste shall not be accepted in a landfill:liquid wasteexplosive, corrosive, oxidizing, flammable wastehospital and clinical wastetyres
- We are now in 2012, nearly in 2013. What are the next steps to reduce landfill waste?Target for 2006 has been almost met (22% instead of 25% less) but 2009 target but far not yet (32% instead of 50%)
- Only about reduction of biodegradable waste, but not inert waste (ceramic, glass etc.). The directive first says that land is wasted by landfills and then it does not say anything about inert waste that will probably stay where it is for millennia without degrading. This should also be reduced for the simple fact that it is a complete resource loss (no incineration possible).It is not clear if industrial waste is included. The directive is formally focused on household waste (actually mostly on biodegradable municipal waster) and extends on other waste that is “similar to household waste” (Art 2.b).Waste in landfill could be categorized and separated into three main groups based on degradation time to recover useful land where the fastest degrading waste was stored. What if in future some categories of waste might become interesting for recovery or novel use, or are discovered to be more polluted than expected? (The directive doesn’t say anything about disposability of exported products and their production line. Even if the aim of EU directive should be focused on EU citizens, we should think about the environment at a global level, and not only local.)