This document summarizes a presentation on land use planning. It discusses the elements of comprehensive plans, including requirements in different states like Florida, Wisconsin and Arizona. It also covers planning frameworks, sustainable planning approaches, and how planning has evolved to incorporate health considerations. Specific comprehensive plans from places like La Crosse, WI and Edmonton, Alberta are also referenced. The presentation discusses contemporary themes in land use like aging communities, sustainability and resiliency.

1. Land Use Planning
PUP 301: Introduction to Urban Planning
Dr. Joochul Kim,
Dr. Lauren Allsopp
Larry Kirch, AICP
Director of Development Services
City of Apache Junction
October 26, 2016
Today’s Overview
•Introduction - Previous involvement in Land Use
Plans
•Levy Chapter 8 – The Comprehensive Plan
• Levy Chapter 9 – Implementation Tools
•Comprehensive Planning Frameworks
•The Ideal Plan: Sustainable, Resiliency, Aging
Communities, Planning and Health
Introduction - Previous Land
Use/Comprehensive/General Plans
Experience

2. • Treasure Coast Regional Planning Commission, Stuart, FL –
Regional Planner
• Regional Policy Plan
• Osceola County, Florida, Kissimmee, FL – Planner II
• Intergovernmental Coordination Element
• Recreation and Open Space Element
• Lake County, Florida, Tavares, FL – Director of
Comprehensive Planning
• Comprehensive Plan Coordinator – County and 9 client cities
• City of La Crosse, WI – Director of Planning and
Development
• Confluence, The La Crosse Comprehensive Plan
Levy Chapter 8 - The Comprehensive Plan
• 8 Elements
• Health,
• Public Safety,
• Circulation,
• Provision of Services and Facilities,
• Fiscal Health,
• Economic goals,
• Environmental Protection,

3. • Redistributive goals
• Process
1. Research,
2. Community goals and objectives,
3. Plan formulation,
4. Plan implementation,
5. Review and revision
Levy Chapter 8 – The Comprehensive Plan
Levy Chapter 9 – The Tools of Land Use Planning
1. Research – Data Collection - (US Census, Economic Census),
Inventories, Analysis,
Synthesize into a report – GIS
2. Goals and Objectives – aspirations, community visioning,
surveys, committee(s), public
meetings, hearings, interactive sites, charrettes
3. Plan Formulation – Scenarios (no growth, rapid growth, infill
and redevelopment,
FLUM, other maps)
4. Plan Implementation (Levy Chapter 9 – zoning ordinance,
city budget, capital
improvements budget, subdivision regulations, design review,
heritage preservation
ordinances, State and Federal regs (wetlands, EIS)

4. 5. Review and Revision Annual report to Council, 5-year
evaluation reports, update every
10 years – best to follow US Decennial Census
6. Follow on Plans – (aka “A Plan to Plan”) Small Area Plans,
Corridor Plans, Downtown
Plans, Waterfront Plans, Neighborhood Plans, Annexation and
Growth Area Plans
7. Amendments during 10 years - process
Comprehensive Plan Frameworks - Oregon, Hawaii
Florida Growth Management Act – 1980s
• State Comprehensive Plan – Adopted in State Statute (25
Elements)
• Comprehensive Regional Policy Plans ( a la Treasure Coast
RPC – 25
Elements)
• Education, Children, Families, The Elderly, Housing, Health,
Public Safety, Water
Resources, Coastal and Marine Resources, Natural Systems and
Recreational Lands,
Air Quality, Energy, Hazardous and Nonhazardous Materials
and Waste, Mining,
Property Rights, Land Use, Public Facilities, Cultural and
Historical Resources,
Transportation, Governmental Efficiency, The Economy,
Agriculture, Employment,
Plan Implementation
• City and County Plans – 11 Required Elements

5. • Future Land Use, Traffic Circulation, Mass Transit, Aviation
and Rails, Housing, Public
Facilities (Sanitary Sewer, Solid Waste, Storm Water
Management, Potable Water,
Natural Groundwater Aquifer Recharge Sub-Elements),
Conservation, Recreation and
Open Space, Intergovernmental Coordination, Capital
Improvements, Economic
Evaluation.
Comprehensive Plan Frameworks
Florida Growth Management Act – 1980s
• Consistency – zoning actions must be consistent with plan,
and FLUM
• Concurrency – Impacts (infrastructure) from new development
must be
installed concurrent with the impacts
• FL Growth Management Act –
• Coastal Counties and City plans due
in 1990, inland areas in 1991.
Lake County, FL Comprehensive Plan
• Lake County decided to apply for
grant funds to prepare 9 municipal
plans plus the County plan. Staff of
9 planners.

6. • Two cities got out of the contract
when it looked like we couldn’t finish
• 7 committees, plus the Plan
Commission to shepherd the plan
• Finished the county plan on time and 2
city plans, other 5 done over the next
several months
• Lake County – very complicated –
Green Swamp Area of Critical State
Concern, Wekiva River Protection
Area, next to Disney, County Board
wanted to plant Yankees instead of
citrus
Comprehensive Plan Frameworks – Wisconsin
• By 2010, Counties, Cities, Villages,
Towns required to prepare plans –
given 10 years to comply.
• State had grants, then $ dried up, then
legislators said that plans should not be
required because there was no $
• State reviewed Plans (“room of plans”)
• Cities could create their own plan or
combine with counties, other towns
• Could have a plan with 40 jurisdictions in

7. the plan (Marathon County)
• Wisconsin has “Township”
Government 1,300 towns
• Required Elements:
-Issues and Opportunities
-Housing,
-Transportation
-Utilities and Community Facilities
-Agricultural, Natural and Cultural
Resources
-Economic Development
-Intergovernmental Cooperation
-Land Use
-Implementation
Confluence: The La Crosse Comprehensive Plan, 2002
• 1st Plan since 1962
• Should have
been updated in
2012,
506 pages
• 25 member
committee
• Consultant did ½ of
Plan, City staff did
the other ½

8. Elements
• Introduction and Plan Summary
• Summary of Conditions and Issues
• Natural Resources
• Land Use
• Transportation
• Urban Design
• Parks, Recreation and Open Space
• Neighborhoods and Housing
• Public Utilities
• Community Facilities
• Economic Development
• Heritage Preservation
• Intergovernmental Coordination
• Plan Implementation
Comprehensive Plan Frameworks – Arizona
• Counties and Municipalities (Cities and Towns) required to

9. prepare
Comprehensive General plans
• A.R.S. 9-461. 05 (A) Municipalities
• A.R.S. 11- 804 (A)
• Required Elements – Land Use, Circulation,
• Other elements based on population of community
• 2,500 to 10,000 – Open space, growth area, environmental
planning
• > 50,000 – 11 additional elements – Conservation, Recreation,
Circulation, Public services and
facilities, Public buildings, Housing, Conservation,
Rehabilitation and Redevelopment, Safety,
Bicycling, Energy, and Neighborhood Services
• Specific Plans – A.R.S. 9-461-08 (A) – “A detailed element of
the general
plan” – regulations determining location of infrastructure
Comprehensive Plan Frameworks – Arizona
• Adoption of Plans –
1. Written procedures for public
participation
2. Notices Public Hearings for the
P&Z Commission and
Council/Board
3. 60 day comment period for

10. adoption or amendments to
County, contiguous cities, regional
planning agency, and Ariz
Commerce Authority
4. Voter ratification at ballot box
• Consistency Requirement – All
zoning and rezonings must be
consistent
• Plan valid for 10 years
Apache Junction General Plan
• Adopted 2010 by vote
• Re-adopt by 2020
• Out of sync with US Decennial Census
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
………………………. 5
CHAPTER 2: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
……………………………. 10
CHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY DEMOGRAPHICS
………………………….. 14
CHAPTER 4: LAND USE ELEMENT

11. ………………………………………. 22
CHAPTER 5: CIRCULATION ELEMENT
………………………………….. 31
CHAPTER 6: GROWTH AREA ELEMENT
………………………………… 41
CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
ELEMENT………………… 48
CHAPTER 8: COST OF DEVELOPMENT
ELEMENT……………………… 57
CHAPTER 9: PARKS, RECREATION, AND OPEN SPACE
ELEMENT…… 62
CHAPTER 10: WATER RESOURCES ELEMENT
………………………… 78
CHAPTER 11: PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES
ELEMENT ………… 86
CHAPTER 12: HOUSING ELEMENT
……………………………………… 96
CHAPTER 13: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ELEMENT………………… 108
CHAPTER 14: ENERGY
ELEMENT……………………………………….. 117
CHAPTER 15: AMENDING THE GENERAL
PLAN………………………… 121
CHAPTER 16: IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM

12. ………………………….. 127
GLOSSARY
……………………………………………………………………..
131
Smart Growth is an old term for Land Use Planning
• What is Smart Growth?
• “Smart growth,” the guiding principle of this plan, aims to
accommodate
development while protecting key resources, use land more
efficiently,
promote housing choice, reduce driving and promote walking
bicycling and
transit ridership. “Smart growth” also encourages cooperative
working
relationships among neighboring municipalities and various
levels of
government. A basic tenant of smart growth is that coordinated
planning,
across jurisdictional boundaries, can lead to more desirable
development
patterns and more efficient and effective delivery of public
services.
Contemporary Land Use Planning
•Themes:
Healthy Communities

13. Biodiversity
Aging Friendly Communities
Sustainability
Resiliency
Contemporary Land Use Planning
• Edmonton, Alberta – Canada
https://landusekn.ca/subject-area/nature-biodiversity
https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/city_vision_and_stra
t
egic_plan/the-way-we-grow-video.aspx
• San Antonio, Texas
http://www.sacompplan.com/
http://www.sacompplan.com/app_pages/view/19
https://landusekn.ca/subject-area/nature-biodiversity
https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/city_vision_and_stra
tegic_plan/the-way-we-grow-video.aspx
http://www.sacompplan.com/
http://www.sacompplan.com/app_pages/view/19
Land Use Planning and Health
• Auto-oriented development since 1950s – why we are here
• The Option of Urbanism: Investing in a New American Dream
by Christopher B.

14. Leinberger
• The Post-Automobile City: Legal Mechanisms to Establish the
Pedestrian-Friendly City
by James A. Kushner
• Old or new Land Use Planning Books don’t talk about Health
in
Comprehensive Plans
Observations
• Planning got its start in the early 1900s from public health
issues
(overcrowding, sanitation, pollution)
• 90-100 years later Public Health Professionals spearheaded the
movement
to link the built environment to chronic diseases
• Comprehensive Plans have evolved to include livability since
the 1960s
through the 1990s to those like La Crosse in 2002
• Modern plans will have Active Living Healthy Community as
a matter of
course, just like “Resiliency” is now all the rage
• See APA Publication: HEALTHY PLAN MAKING Integrating
Health Into the
Comprehensive Planning Process: An analysis of seven case
studies and
recommendations for change, Anna Ricklin, Nick Kushner
Plan4Health

15. Observations
• To do it right – 24 month process
• Original GIS – Ian McHarg
• “Everything old is new again”
Discussion/Questions
Contact info:
Larry Kirch, AICP
City of Apache Junction
Development Services Director
(480) 474-5082
[email protected]