1) The document discusses the Congress party's agitation over land acquisition reforms in India. It argues that land issues will not provide Congress a significant electoral opportunity as most farmers are landless or have small landholdings.
2) It notes that only 3 million farmers have medium to large landholdings, while 130 million are landless or have marginal land, so land issues do not impact most rural Indians.
3) The author believes Congress needs to focus on issues that impact at least half of Indian households to have a chance of national electoral success in 2019.
The document provides an analysis of the real estate market in Princeton and Greater Princeton, NJ from January 2020. It discusses inventory levels, pending sales, absorption rates and other metrics in different towns over the past 3-4 years. The markets show signs of stability with absorption rates around 10 months and inventory either steady or declining in most towns. The summary also notes signs of modest price increases in the state.
Article tries to portray, definne, decipher and to bring out the status, pecularities, issues and roadblock in Rural Housing of India. Article also tries to define that rural housing remains different and distict from urban housing and has to be dealt on different footing in its planning , designing, construction, materials and technologies.. Rural housing remains simple, cost-effective, meeting individually and severally , multiple requirements of the rural setting. However, rural housing needs needs focussed attention of professionals looking at the local options and local materials/technologies. Rural housing offers enormous opportunities of innovations and experimenatation in housing sector,. based on the local knowledge, available wisdom, available materials and currently used technologies. Architects and Engineers need to redo their agenda to make value addition to rural housing which remains vital for Indian economy, living, nealth and hygiene besides tackeling the issue of global warming and increasing carbon footprints/minimising energy annd resource consumption..
The document discusses urban housing issues in India and the Telangana state government's 2BHK housing scheme. Some key points:
- There is a large urban housing shortage in India, estimated to be over 30 million units. Many urban poor live in inadequate slum housing or informal settlements.
- The Telangana government launched the 2BHK housing scheme to provide free 2-bedroom apartments to eligible beneficiaries, with the goal of constructing over 600,000 units.
- The document analyzes four case studies of the scheme's implementation, finding issues like delays in construction, lack of accommodation for relocated slum residents, and insufficient space in completed apartments.
- Overall the scheme aims to
IRJET- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana(PMAY) Scheme – An Emerging Prospect of Affo...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an article about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) affordable housing scheme in India. It discusses the rapid growth of urban populations and resulting housing shortages in India. The PMAY scheme aims to address this issue by providing affordable housing, especially for economically weaker sections. The document defines key terms like affordable housing and slums. It also discusses the housing issues and demand for affordable housing in urban areas of India and Ahmedabad specifically.
The document discusses India's political and economic institutions from colonial times to the present. It notes that an institutional divergence took place under colonial rule, with one system evolving to extract resources for European colonial masters while the other evolved due to colonization by settlers for their own benefit. It argues that political institutions largely determine a country's economic institutions and outcomes. Nations with extractive political institutions tend to be poorer, while those with inclusive institutions have stronger, more prosperous economies.
Social Media Analysis of President Kenyatta's 2017 State of the Nation Address Sochin Limited
This analysis examines the response on social media of President Uhuru Kenyatta’s final State of the Nation Address before the general election in August 2017. Most of the 4,031 social media posts we examined were trivial, though looking at five key themes reveals more nuanced findings. Kenyan media outlets largely amplified President Kenyatta’s key messages on March 15, 2017 while citizen engagement was low. Surprisingly, we found few government or opposition influencers echoing messages from their respective camps. Interest in the address largely abated the day after it was delivered.
The document provides an analysis of the real estate market in Princeton and Greater Princeton, NJ from January 2020. It discusses inventory levels, pending sales, absorption rates and other metrics in different towns over the past 3-4 years. The markets show signs of stability with absorption rates around 10 months and inventory either steady or declining in most towns. The summary also notes signs of modest price increases in the state.
Article tries to portray, definne, decipher and to bring out the status, pecularities, issues and roadblock in Rural Housing of India. Article also tries to define that rural housing remains different and distict from urban housing and has to be dealt on different footing in its planning , designing, construction, materials and technologies.. Rural housing remains simple, cost-effective, meeting individually and severally , multiple requirements of the rural setting. However, rural housing needs needs focussed attention of professionals looking at the local options and local materials/technologies. Rural housing offers enormous opportunities of innovations and experimenatation in housing sector,. based on the local knowledge, available wisdom, available materials and currently used technologies. Architects and Engineers need to redo their agenda to make value addition to rural housing which remains vital for Indian economy, living, nealth and hygiene besides tackeling the issue of global warming and increasing carbon footprints/minimising energy annd resource consumption..
The document discusses urban housing issues in India and the Telangana state government's 2BHK housing scheme. Some key points:
- There is a large urban housing shortage in India, estimated to be over 30 million units. Many urban poor live in inadequate slum housing or informal settlements.
- The Telangana government launched the 2BHK housing scheme to provide free 2-bedroom apartments to eligible beneficiaries, with the goal of constructing over 600,000 units.
- The document analyzes four case studies of the scheme's implementation, finding issues like delays in construction, lack of accommodation for relocated slum residents, and insufficient space in completed apartments.
- Overall the scheme aims to
IRJET- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana(PMAY) Scheme – An Emerging Prospect of Affo...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an article about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) affordable housing scheme in India. It discusses the rapid growth of urban populations and resulting housing shortages in India. The PMAY scheme aims to address this issue by providing affordable housing, especially for economically weaker sections. The document defines key terms like affordable housing and slums. It also discusses the housing issues and demand for affordable housing in urban areas of India and Ahmedabad specifically.
The document discusses India's political and economic institutions from colonial times to the present. It notes that an institutional divergence took place under colonial rule, with one system evolving to extract resources for European colonial masters while the other evolved due to colonization by settlers for their own benefit. It argues that political institutions largely determine a country's economic institutions and outcomes. Nations with extractive political institutions tend to be poorer, while those with inclusive institutions have stronger, more prosperous economies.
Social Media Analysis of President Kenyatta's 2017 State of the Nation Address Sochin Limited
This analysis examines the response on social media of President Uhuru Kenyatta’s final State of the Nation Address before the general election in August 2017. Most of the 4,031 social media posts we examined were trivial, though looking at five key themes reveals more nuanced findings. Kenyan media outlets largely amplified President Kenyatta’s key messages on March 15, 2017 while citizen engagement was low. Surprisingly, we found few government or opposition influencers echoing messages from their respective camps. Interest in the address largely abated the day after it was delivered.
The COVID-19 lockdown in India revealed several important facts:
1) India has far fewer government doctors per capita than countries like the UK, exacerbating the low public health capacity during the pandemic.
2) Lockdowns significantly improved air quality in cities like Delhi by reducing air pollutants like PM 2.5, showing the major contribution of vehicle emissions to pollution.
3) Work from home becoming widespread could significantly impact commercial real estate, transportation, and urban planning by reducing the need for commuting.
Income and Wealth Inequality in the United StatesDavid Doney
The document discusses income and wealth inequality in the United States. It notes that income and wealth inequality have steadily worsened since 1980, with the top 1% of income earners receiving about 20% of pre-tax income in 2014 compared to 10% prior to 1980. Wealth is also distributed more unequally than income, with the top 1% owning 42% of wealth versus 24% in the 1970s. The document examines several potential causes of inequality including declines in unions, shifts in tax policy, globalization, and skill-biased technological change. Solutions proposed include policies that make the income or wealth distribution more equitable such as higher taxes on top incomes combined with transfers to lower incomes.
Urbanization is rapidly increasing in Bhutan, with the urban population projected to reach 50% by 2020, putting pressure on limited land and housing resources. This will require 17,000 additional hectares of land for urban areas by 2020, comprising 27% of Bhutan's arable land. Rapid urbanization is causing housing problems like a lack of adequate and affordable housing, poor infrastructure, and high rental costs. The causes of Bhutan's urban housing problems include a lack of proper town planning, no agency overseeing housing issues, high land and construction costs, and a lack of private sector involvement and long-term financing for housing. Addressing Bhutan's growing urban housing demands will require partnerships between government and professional organizations.
Social Media Analysis of the 2017/2018 Kenyan BudgetSochin Limited
Kenyan Treasury Cabinet Secretary Henry Rotich presented the 2017/2018 budget to both houses of parliament on March 30, 2017. This was the second major address by the Government of Kenya in the last two weeks.
The budget announcement created significantly more buzz on social media than the President’s State of the Nation Address. This was due to Kenyan media outlets reporting more prominently during the announcement, more post-announcement analysis by the media, and citizens commenting on topics that affected them directly such as the public debt or the betting tax.
This document contains a series of statements from experts on facts about India that are often misunderstood or unknown. It discusses facts around definitions of rural and urban areas, the role of agriculture in water usage, cultivable land in India compared to other nations, and the education levels of politicians in India. The document aims to provide useful context around various topics to give a more informed understanding of India.
Rural areas in India face significant challenges in providing adequate housing for residents. The document discusses several issues:
- There is an estimated housing shortage of over 43 million homes in rural India, more than double the shortage in urban areas.
- Rural homes tend to be of lower quality, with only about half considered permanent structures and higher rates of dilapidation compared to urban areas. Access to basic amenities like drinking water, sanitation, and electricity is also more limited in rural housing.
- Ownership of homes is much higher in rural (93%) versus urban (61%) areas, but rural homes typically have fewer rooms and are more likely to lack features like separate kitchens. Most support animal husbandry
The document discusses the need for holistic structural reforms in India's farm sector rather than just administrative improvements. It outlines 10 key promises made as part of India's Self Reliant economic recovery package to reform the farm sector. However, it argues these measures alone will not achieve self-reliance and higher growth unless accompanied by deeper structural reforms addressing issues like small landholdings, low productivity, and the characteristics of India's large farming community. Comprehensive reforms are needed at the farm, policy, and social levels to fundamentally improve conditions for farmers.
The government of Orissa passed a resolution to address the state's high population growth rate by incentivizing families to have fewer children. Under the resolution, individuals who undergo sterilization procedures after having two or fewer children will receive a Green Card. Green Card holders will receive benefits like priority for housing, land allotment, loans, and education opportunities for their children. The government aims to reduce the average family size from 4 to 2 through these incentives focused on terminal family planning methods.
1) Landless tenancy has risen significantly in rural Bangladesh over recent decades, contrary to predictions of models. The share of cultivated land under tenancy has doubled and the share of landless tenant households has increased.
2) This is explained by increased supply and demand for rented farmland. On the supply side, more households specialize in non-farm work and migrate, renting out land. Demand increased as microfinance and mechanized service markets allow landless households to cultivate as tenants.
3) The rise of landless tenancy and shift from sharecropping to fixed rents has poverty reducing effects by providing an agricultural route to upward mobility for the landless. Specialization is occurring,
The three farm ordinances introduced by the Modi government aimed to ease restrictions for farmers and help them access markets, assure returns, and exempt more farm goods. However, some argue higher MSP alone will not solve agrarian distress and revival requires freeing agriculture from restrictions, new technologies, and state reforms. While intended to boost investment, yields, and incomes, ideas remain stalled between intent and execution. The estimated higher costs of $3.5 billion also risk higher borrowing, debt, and interest rates. Recent reforms upset commission agents who benefit from APMCs, but most farmers see no downside. The roles of arhtiyas are debated as some allege exploitation while others argue they provide key services. Large food stockp
Beef and beyond- an empirical romanticization of current Indian politico econ...Amal K
Ban on sale of bovine animals for slaughter has been banned in India on 27th May 2017. Is it a politically motivated step by the current right wing Government as being argued by many in the political front or is it part of a larger agenda with deeper implications?? Is it an isolated move or is there a clear pattern in what we are witnessing in the political as well as economic spheres of the country over these years?? Have finance capital and certain powers controlling power centers across the globe imposing their decisions over us and we fail to see what is the real intention behind many happenings and policy decisions??
1) The document discusses distinctive capabilities that enable companies to succeed in India's rural markets. It identifies three key capabilities: the ability to create, shape and develop markets; the ability to adapt and optimize supply chains; and the ability to co-create value through innovative use of technology.
2) It also examines the growing confidence of businesses in rural opportunities in India based on a survey of over 100 companies. More than half expect 20-50% of revenues to come from rural markets in the next three years and over 65% have already invested in rural India.
3) However, rural markets also present challenges like inadequate infrastructure, low literacy, and high costs to enter. Over 70% of surveyed companies cited lack
Land acquisition for industries should not be at the cost of national food security and at same the land acquisition act should not become a retardant or hindrance for the development. I suggest a new land acquisition act which is pro farmer, pro industry and pro development, and which leads to faster economic growth.
The reason for this move was simple: India’s Ministry of Finance claimed that 500 and 1,000 rupee notes are being used to finance terrorism, fund illegal drug sales, fuel the black
market, drive counterfeiting, and pay bribes. This so-called “black money” had reputedly built up to such epic proportions that Prime Minister Modi declared that enough was enough,
that he would take it upon himself to wash his country’s currency supply in one fell swoop. Demonetization can be said as a „Surgical Strike‟ on Black Money, Terrorism, Fake
Currency, Unorganized trading, Real Estate, Share market etc. on the other hand if we talk about the Indian industry on a broader way it can be categories in three parts Manufacturing
sector, Service sector and Agriculture sector. After demonetization only Agriculture sector shows some positive improvement while if we talk about the manufacturing and service sector both were crashed down and these will affect the whole Indian market in 2017 also. As of December 28, official sources said that the Income Tax department detected over 4,172 crore of un-disclosed income and seized new notes worth 105 crore as part of its country-wide operations. The department carried out a total of 983 search, survey and enquiry operations
under the provisions of the Income Tax Act and has issued 5,027 notices to various entities on charges of tax evasion and hawala-like dealings. The department also seized cash and
jewellery worth over 549 crore out of which the new currency seized (majority of them 2000 notes) is valued at about 105 crore. The department also referred a total of 477 cases to
other agencies like the CBI and the Enforcement Directorate (ED) to probe other financial crimes like money laundering, disproportionate assets and corruption.
- India's agriculture sector has been declining in recent decades despite over half the population relying on it for employment and livelihood. Farmers lack interest in growing more crops beyond subsistence levels due to lack of support from the government.
- Over 250,000 Indian farmers have committed suicide since 1995 due to financial stress from factors like crop failures, inability to repay loans, and lack of viable alternatives as the economy has shifted away from agriculture.
- The agriculture sector contributes only around 14.6% to India's GDP despite most people relying on it, due to issues like dependence on seasonal rains and poor implementation of government support programs that fail to reach farmers. Improving awareness, education, research, and farmers' rights could
Law and DisorderCrucial matters that came up in the Supreme Court and Delhi High Court indicate a crisis in India’s basic governance. The CrPC and Police Acts clearly lay down that it is the job of DMs and SDMs to maintain law and order, but their role has been taken over by the police with questionable results.
This document provides a demographic and political overview of West Bengal state in India. It summarizes the population statistics including total population, rural-urban breakdown, literacy rates and religions practiced. It then discusses the major issues voters may consider like industrial growth, electricity, security, scams and the Gorkhaland movement. Finally it analyzes the political stances of the major parties in West Bengal like the Trinamool Congress, Left Front, Congress and BJP. Survey results are also presented on preferences for single vs coalition government and expectations for the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.
Consumer behaviour a key influencer of rural market potentialIAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on the rural consumer market in India. Some key points:
- Rural markets in India are growing rapidly in size and potential due to rising incomes and consumer demands in rural areas. 72% of Indians live in rural areas.
- Rural incomes and consumption are increasing due to factors like higher crop yields, more jobs outside of agriculture, and infrastructure development.
- Rural consumers purchase frequently in small quantities and prioritize value over brand or price. Their behavior is influenced strongly by community opinions.
- The total rural market in India is estimated to be over 1.2 trillion rupees annually across product categories like FMCG, durables, agriculture, vehicles. Marketers are increasingly targeting rural
Consumer behaviour a key influencer of rural market potentialIAEME Publication
The document discusses consumer behavior in rural markets in India. Some key points:
- Rural markets in India offer huge potential due to their large population size and rising incomes and consumption. Over 70% of Indians live in rural areas.
- Rural incomes and standards of living have been rising due to factors like increased agricultural output and jobs in nearby towns. Rural households are projected to grow faster than urban households.
- However, rural areas still face issues like illiteracy, poverty, and lack of infrastructure. Consumer behavior in rural areas is influenced more by community and opinion leaders than in urban areas.
- As rural incomes and aspirations continue rising, the rural market is becoming increasingly attractive to marketers. Understanding diverse rural consumer
Land Acquisition Acts vs Farmers in India - Challenges faced by the farmers of India by the government's law pooling policies and big private investors.
The COVID-19 lockdown in India revealed several important facts:
1) India has far fewer government doctors per capita than countries like the UK, exacerbating the low public health capacity during the pandemic.
2) Lockdowns significantly improved air quality in cities like Delhi by reducing air pollutants like PM 2.5, showing the major contribution of vehicle emissions to pollution.
3) Work from home becoming widespread could significantly impact commercial real estate, transportation, and urban planning by reducing the need for commuting.
Income and Wealth Inequality in the United StatesDavid Doney
The document discusses income and wealth inequality in the United States. It notes that income and wealth inequality have steadily worsened since 1980, with the top 1% of income earners receiving about 20% of pre-tax income in 2014 compared to 10% prior to 1980. Wealth is also distributed more unequally than income, with the top 1% owning 42% of wealth versus 24% in the 1970s. The document examines several potential causes of inequality including declines in unions, shifts in tax policy, globalization, and skill-biased technological change. Solutions proposed include policies that make the income or wealth distribution more equitable such as higher taxes on top incomes combined with transfers to lower incomes.
Urbanization is rapidly increasing in Bhutan, with the urban population projected to reach 50% by 2020, putting pressure on limited land and housing resources. This will require 17,000 additional hectares of land for urban areas by 2020, comprising 27% of Bhutan's arable land. Rapid urbanization is causing housing problems like a lack of adequate and affordable housing, poor infrastructure, and high rental costs. The causes of Bhutan's urban housing problems include a lack of proper town planning, no agency overseeing housing issues, high land and construction costs, and a lack of private sector involvement and long-term financing for housing. Addressing Bhutan's growing urban housing demands will require partnerships between government and professional organizations.
Social Media Analysis of the 2017/2018 Kenyan BudgetSochin Limited
Kenyan Treasury Cabinet Secretary Henry Rotich presented the 2017/2018 budget to both houses of parliament on March 30, 2017. This was the second major address by the Government of Kenya in the last two weeks.
The budget announcement created significantly more buzz on social media than the President’s State of the Nation Address. This was due to Kenyan media outlets reporting more prominently during the announcement, more post-announcement analysis by the media, and citizens commenting on topics that affected them directly such as the public debt or the betting tax.
This document contains a series of statements from experts on facts about India that are often misunderstood or unknown. It discusses facts around definitions of rural and urban areas, the role of agriculture in water usage, cultivable land in India compared to other nations, and the education levels of politicians in India. The document aims to provide useful context around various topics to give a more informed understanding of India.
Rural areas in India face significant challenges in providing adequate housing for residents. The document discusses several issues:
- There is an estimated housing shortage of over 43 million homes in rural India, more than double the shortage in urban areas.
- Rural homes tend to be of lower quality, with only about half considered permanent structures and higher rates of dilapidation compared to urban areas. Access to basic amenities like drinking water, sanitation, and electricity is also more limited in rural housing.
- Ownership of homes is much higher in rural (93%) versus urban (61%) areas, but rural homes typically have fewer rooms and are more likely to lack features like separate kitchens. Most support animal husbandry
The document discusses the need for holistic structural reforms in India's farm sector rather than just administrative improvements. It outlines 10 key promises made as part of India's Self Reliant economic recovery package to reform the farm sector. However, it argues these measures alone will not achieve self-reliance and higher growth unless accompanied by deeper structural reforms addressing issues like small landholdings, low productivity, and the characteristics of India's large farming community. Comprehensive reforms are needed at the farm, policy, and social levels to fundamentally improve conditions for farmers.
The government of Orissa passed a resolution to address the state's high population growth rate by incentivizing families to have fewer children. Under the resolution, individuals who undergo sterilization procedures after having two or fewer children will receive a Green Card. Green Card holders will receive benefits like priority for housing, land allotment, loans, and education opportunities for their children. The government aims to reduce the average family size from 4 to 2 through these incentives focused on terminal family planning methods.
1) Landless tenancy has risen significantly in rural Bangladesh over recent decades, contrary to predictions of models. The share of cultivated land under tenancy has doubled and the share of landless tenant households has increased.
2) This is explained by increased supply and demand for rented farmland. On the supply side, more households specialize in non-farm work and migrate, renting out land. Demand increased as microfinance and mechanized service markets allow landless households to cultivate as tenants.
3) The rise of landless tenancy and shift from sharecropping to fixed rents has poverty reducing effects by providing an agricultural route to upward mobility for the landless. Specialization is occurring,
The three farm ordinances introduced by the Modi government aimed to ease restrictions for farmers and help them access markets, assure returns, and exempt more farm goods. However, some argue higher MSP alone will not solve agrarian distress and revival requires freeing agriculture from restrictions, new technologies, and state reforms. While intended to boost investment, yields, and incomes, ideas remain stalled between intent and execution. The estimated higher costs of $3.5 billion also risk higher borrowing, debt, and interest rates. Recent reforms upset commission agents who benefit from APMCs, but most farmers see no downside. The roles of arhtiyas are debated as some allege exploitation while others argue they provide key services. Large food stockp
Beef and beyond- an empirical romanticization of current Indian politico econ...Amal K
Ban on sale of bovine animals for slaughter has been banned in India on 27th May 2017. Is it a politically motivated step by the current right wing Government as being argued by many in the political front or is it part of a larger agenda with deeper implications?? Is it an isolated move or is there a clear pattern in what we are witnessing in the political as well as economic spheres of the country over these years?? Have finance capital and certain powers controlling power centers across the globe imposing their decisions over us and we fail to see what is the real intention behind many happenings and policy decisions??
1) The document discusses distinctive capabilities that enable companies to succeed in India's rural markets. It identifies three key capabilities: the ability to create, shape and develop markets; the ability to adapt and optimize supply chains; and the ability to co-create value through innovative use of technology.
2) It also examines the growing confidence of businesses in rural opportunities in India based on a survey of over 100 companies. More than half expect 20-50% of revenues to come from rural markets in the next three years and over 65% have already invested in rural India.
3) However, rural markets also present challenges like inadequate infrastructure, low literacy, and high costs to enter. Over 70% of surveyed companies cited lack
Land acquisition for industries should not be at the cost of national food security and at same the land acquisition act should not become a retardant or hindrance for the development. I suggest a new land acquisition act which is pro farmer, pro industry and pro development, and which leads to faster economic growth.
The reason for this move was simple: India’s Ministry of Finance claimed that 500 and 1,000 rupee notes are being used to finance terrorism, fund illegal drug sales, fuel the black
market, drive counterfeiting, and pay bribes. This so-called “black money” had reputedly built up to such epic proportions that Prime Minister Modi declared that enough was enough,
that he would take it upon himself to wash his country’s currency supply in one fell swoop. Demonetization can be said as a „Surgical Strike‟ on Black Money, Terrorism, Fake
Currency, Unorganized trading, Real Estate, Share market etc. on the other hand if we talk about the Indian industry on a broader way it can be categories in three parts Manufacturing
sector, Service sector and Agriculture sector. After demonetization only Agriculture sector shows some positive improvement while if we talk about the manufacturing and service sector both were crashed down and these will affect the whole Indian market in 2017 also. As of December 28, official sources said that the Income Tax department detected over 4,172 crore of un-disclosed income and seized new notes worth 105 crore as part of its country-wide operations. The department carried out a total of 983 search, survey and enquiry operations
under the provisions of the Income Tax Act and has issued 5,027 notices to various entities on charges of tax evasion and hawala-like dealings. The department also seized cash and
jewellery worth over 549 crore out of which the new currency seized (majority of them 2000 notes) is valued at about 105 crore. The department also referred a total of 477 cases to
other agencies like the CBI and the Enforcement Directorate (ED) to probe other financial crimes like money laundering, disproportionate assets and corruption.
- India's agriculture sector has been declining in recent decades despite over half the population relying on it for employment and livelihood. Farmers lack interest in growing more crops beyond subsistence levels due to lack of support from the government.
- Over 250,000 Indian farmers have committed suicide since 1995 due to financial stress from factors like crop failures, inability to repay loans, and lack of viable alternatives as the economy has shifted away from agriculture.
- The agriculture sector contributes only around 14.6% to India's GDP despite most people relying on it, due to issues like dependence on seasonal rains and poor implementation of government support programs that fail to reach farmers. Improving awareness, education, research, and farmers' rights could
Law and DisorderCrucial matters that came up in the Supreme Court and Delhi High Court indicate a crisis in India’s basic governance. The CrPC and Police Acts clearly lay down that it is the job of DMs and SDMs to maintain law and order, but their role has been taken over by the police with questionable results.
This document provides a demographic and political overview of West Bengal state in India. It summarizes the population statistics including total population, rural-urban breakdown, literacy rates and religions practiced. It then discusses the major issues voters may consider like industrial growth, electricity, security, scams and the Gorkhaland movement. Finally it analyzes the political stances of the major parties in West Bengal like the Trinamool Congress, Left Front, Congress and BJP. Survey results are also presented on preferences for single vs coalition government and expectations for the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.
Consumer behaviour a key influencer of rural market potentialIAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on the rural consumer market in India. Some key points:
- Rural markets in India are growing rapidly in size and potential due to rising incomes and consumer demands in rural areas. 72% of Indians live in rural areas.
- Rural incomes and consumption are increasing due to factors like higher crop yields, more jobs outside of agriculture, and infrastructure development.
- Rural consumers purchase frequently in small quantities and prioritize value over brand or price. Their behavior is influenced strongly by community opinions.
- The total rural market in India is estimated to be over 1.2 trillion rupees annually across product categories like FMCG, durables, agriculture, vehicles. Marketers are increasingly targeting rural
Consumer behaviour a key influencer of rural market potentialIAEME Publication
The document discusses consumer behavior in rural markets in India. Some key points:
- Rural markets in India offer huge potential due to their large population size and rising incomes and consumption. Over 70% of Indians live in rural areas.
- Rural incomes and standards of living have been rising due to factors like increased agricultural output and jobs in nearby towns. Rural households are projected to grow faster than urban households.
- However, rural areas still face issues like illiteracy, poverty, and lack of infrastructure. Consumer behavior in rural areas is influenced more by community and opinion leaders than in urban areas.
- As rural incomes and aspirations continue rising, the rural market is becoming increasingly attractive to marketers. Understanding diverse rural consumer
Land Acquisition Acts vs Farmers in India - Challenges faced by the farmers of India by the government's law pooling policies and big private investors.
This document discusses the need for land reforms in India to promote equity and efficiency. It notes that access to land is critical for livelihoods in rural India, where most people depend on agriculture and natural resources. However, past land reform efforts have fallen short and inequality in land ownership remains high. It argues that further land reforms are needed to reduce poverty, conflict, and migration. The document examines issues around ceiling surplus land, tenancy, tribal lands, land conversion and displacement due to development projects. It emphasizes the need to protect marginalized communities' access to common resources and implement laws like the PESA Act for tribal areas. Overall, the document makes the case that urgent land reforms are needed for inclusive development in India.
Pranab_Bardhan_Reflections_on_the_political_Economy_The_India_Dialog_2024.pptxDr. Amit Kapoor
Presentation done by Pranab Bardhan, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of California, Berkeley on "Reflections on Political Economy of New India" at #TheIndiaDialog on February 29, 2024 at Stanford University. The #TheIndiaDialog was organised by Institute for Competitiveness and US Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University.
#TheIndiaDialog looks at inviting the world’s leading experts and intellectuals in the areas of economics, business, policy, social development, science, technology, art and culture to provide their perspectives and foster an understanding of India. There would be a series of keynote addresses, panel discussions, and fireside chats during the dialog.
Reverse Migration Due to Long Lockdown in India- Is it Sustainable?Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This document summarizes a research article about reverse migration of workers from urban to rural areas in India due to the long COVID-19 lockdown. It discusses that millions of migrant workers faced immense suffering trying to return home and no longer want to work in cities, instead wanting to sustain themselves with minimal earnings in rural areas. The document then examines factors driving migration from rural to urban areas previously, including lack of rural employment and higher urban wages. It describes the poor conditions that migrant workers, especially short-term circular migrants, faced in cities with low pay, no benefits, and inadequate housing. The lockdown has shown the vulnerability of migrants and many now want to return to their villages permanently.
Analysis of Rural Indebtedness in IndiaAdrijaDutta2
Despite the several farm waiver schemes announced by the Central and State Governments over the
years, rural indebtedness in India continues to increase. Here are the reasons for it.
(Images used in presentation do not belong to the author, they are relevant available pictures from varied owners across digital media.)
Indian Economy a key factor for shaping Indian Society and Law: A case of Indian Farmer’s Loan: How Loan Waivers has become a part of Election manifesto and impacts of such loan waivers over Farmers and Indian Economy.
Trekking markets & more with InvestrekkInves Trekk
The report presents a summary of the Indian market activity during the week ended 27 June 2021. It also provides some important insights about the global market trends and Indian Market outlook for the Week beginning 28 June 2021.
Allaying all fears, the finance minister presented a brave budget. She took all Covid-19 blows on (fiscal) body and refused to yield to fiscal pressures. She prudently refused to indulge in allurements of raising resources through additional taxation. The Budget for FY22 is continuation of various measures announced during 2020 to support the economy. The recognition of the need of new economy (ecommerce workers, startups, e-learning, new education techniques etc.) and willingness to let go the control over even strategic CPSEs are signs of pragmatism. This is perhaps the only budget in independent India that does not propose to make any change in income tax rate structure.
It is now upon the administrative ministries, departments and state governments responsible for executing the proposals. Like Rishabh Pant, who went to Australia with a poor record of recent execution, the performance of these executing organs of the government in recent past has not been encouraging. It is to be hoped that the execution will improve materially in next 15 months and Indian economy shall emerge winner.
A large number of analysts have forecasted that gold will be a preferred currency of the world amidst all this chaos. I beg to disagree. In my view, presently the interest in gold appears to be more intuitive rather than analytical. It is being presumed that the end game of the non-conventional monetary policies currently in practice will be prolonged stagflation, complete disintegration (or euphemistically restructuring) of the present monetary systems where USD may longer be the sole reserve currency and near complete erosion of savers’ financial wealth.
I find most of the current analysis suffering from some degree of cognitive dissonance. It is trying to dress a trading opportunity into a secular trend. I do not see any reason why gold should ever touch its 1980 high in real terms and why not go below its 1971 lows (in real terms).
The current crisis is unprecedented in the sense that it has seriously impacted the liquidity, solvency and viability of a large number of businesses, all at the same time. The only way out of this crisis is to inflate a colossal bubble in asset prices, which is equally unprecedented. A global bubble will inflate in healthcare sector. far bigger and durable than the dotcom and subprime bubbles, as it deals with human lives directly. The politicians, bankers, investors, policy makers, administrators, businessmen, consumers et. al. who have spent weeks locked down in their houses fearing for their lives while watching the death statistics on media, would readily accept the need for much higher investment and spending on healthcare. In that sense, this bubble will be far more tangible, believable, acceptable and inflatable.
The Finance Minister read out the longest ever budget speech. By the end of it she was too exhausted to even complete the speech. This pretty much explains the state of affairs.
Like a caged canary aspiring to fly in the blue sky, the finance minister very enthusiastically read out the vision for new modern India. However, after two hours of aspirational efforts, it was evidently clear that she does not have enough strength to break the shackles and release herself. In the end, she was settled in the cage, totally exhausted and her wings ruffled.
The positive take away from the budget statement is that the aspirations are really high and the vision of new modern India very clear. The government for the first time made an unambiguous admission that the way forward is a progressive socio-economic structure that is egalitarian but encourages and supports private enterprise. It is a major achievement to officially abandon the socialist legacy that focused on curbing demand rather than enhancing supply and hindered the seamless integration of Indian economy in the global economy.
After a long spell of staying in denial, the policymakers have shown some urgency in past 6 months. However, they have so far refrained from pressing the panic button. The investors are eagerly waiting to see the finance minister pressing the red button hard today.
In my view, the current state of Indian economy is akin to a person who is single wage earner for his family; has little savings; chronically suffered from hypertension and diabetes, and recently got a heart attack.
This person cannot afford to spend couple of months in bed for recuperating. He has to immediately go for work so that he can pay the bills and feed the family.
India's Union Budget for FY20 is a hurriedly assembled cocktail of Gandhi, Marx and Adam Smith. All previous attempts to make such a cocktail have ended in disaster. If we do succeed this time, it will be miraculous.
SAT provided relief to thousands of Investment AdvisersInves Trekk
On 29th March 2019, SAT ended 4yr ordeal for Vijay Kumar Gaba, a blogger and investor protection activist. In Jan 2015 SEBI acted against Gaba at behest of senior politicians to help an extortionist belonging to ruling party. The ex parte action was severe, usually reserved for fraudster and scamsters. Failing to prove anything, SEBI even risking career of thousands of Investment Advisers who were operating as such before Aug 2013 promulgation of Investment Advisor Regulations.
FY18 started on a very optimistic note for Indian financial markets. BJP had just scored a massive electoral victory in UP. This was widely assumed to mean that people and economy have moved on leaving the scar of Demonetization behind. The market participants were full of hope anticipating GST to be panacea for many economic ailments. The proposed New bankruptcy law, that was about to be passed by Lok Sabha, promised speedy resolution of NPAs. Analysts were very optimistic about earnings finally growing, after staying mostly flat for two preceding years.
The financial year has however ended on a rather cautious note with below par returns and considerably moderated expectations forFY19.
The popular commentary suggests that the participants are worried about a variety of factor. Some prominent of these factors could be listed as follows:
Aspirational, hurried and fretting
A plain reading of the budget papers, including the FM speech, makes us believe that the FM (and by implication PM) aspire to turn India into a truly egalitarian society as soon as possible but no later than 2024. Their posturing suggests that they are taking it for granted that there is no challenge to their leadership at least for next five years.
They appear in tremendous hurry to showcase all the arrows in their quivers, though most of these remain unsharpened.
The tone of the budget vividly shows that they are fretting about the gradual erosion in their support base and trying hard to make sure that this gradual erosion does not turn into an avalanche.
It is widely accepted that Indian economy is recovering, albeit slowly, from the disruptions created by demonetization (November 2016) and implementation of GST (July 2017). The GDP growth is forecast to recover from below 6% in FY17 to more than 7% in FY19. At this rate, India will be the fastest growing economy amongst all major global economies.
The positives are all well known and appreciated by markets and global agencies, as the entire government machinery is busy marketing these.
Nonetheless, for investors, it is important to take a note of the red flags that are too conspicuous and could have serious repercussions on the sustainability of the economic recovery and hence corporate earnings.
The document provides an overview and outlook for the Indian economy and fiscal year 2018. Some key points:
1. The economic survey for 2016-2017 used big data analytics to gain new insights about the economy, such as estimates of annual work-related migration being double previous census figures.
2. Growth in the first half of FY2017 slowed to 7.2% due to a sharp decline in fixed investment. Inflation moderated as food prices decreased. The external position remains robust.
3. For FY2018, growth is expected to remain in the 6.75-7.5% range. Exports are expected to recover as global growth increases. Private consumption growth is uncertain due to
The Union Budget 2017-18 aims to improve the quality of growth and life of citizens. Key priorities include farmers, rural development, skills development for youth, and welfare of the poor. Infrastructure development remains a focus. Fiscal deficit is targeted at 3.2% of GDP for 2017-18. Prudent fiscal management aims to achieve fiscal targets while increasing capital expenditures. The budget emphasizes use of digital technology and improving tax administration.
UP Election 2017: It's no longer about caste & religionInves Trekk
The political consciousness of the people of Uttar Pradesh, has evolved materially in past one decade. Contrary to the popular narrative, the caste and religion, though still relevant, are not the primary considerations in the voters' mind. Nowhere, the voters are inclined to elect a candidate purely on the basis of caste or religion.
Though these are still early days and the situation could change dramatically in next few days, I would still hazard an assessment of the election outcome.
In my view BJP will emerge as the single largest party, if Congress allies with SP or BSP.
Otherwise, BJP is poised to get a strong majority on its own.
The finance minister maintained a commendable balance between the evenly stronger and mostly diverging compulsions of economic growth, fiscal discipline and political expediency.
Most of the budget provisions are inarguably aimed at ensuring inclusive growth, and bringing in equity in taxation and provisions.
A record number of measures have been introduced, to bring predictability, transparency and conciliation in the tax regime of the country.
The document provides an overview and analysis of the Union Budget of India for 2015-2016. Some key points:
- The budget continues the government's focus on gradual simplification of tax laws, withdrawing fiscal stimulus, and building rural infrastructure through an incremental approach rather than major reforms.
- There is a greater influence of market economists in the budget compared to the past, which should please financial markets.
- The budget lays out plans to work towards the government's Vision 2022 of comprehensive development across sectors like housing, power, water, education, and healthcare.
- There is a shift towards enabling citizens through skills training and access to services rather than just providing subsidies, as well as moves to accelerate global
2014 elections are going to be definitely transformative insofar as the socio-political landscape of the country is concerned. We see a decisive mandate and a stable government.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
1. "Land" does not get you votes,
"No Land" does
06 April 2015 Opinion
InvesTrekk reports are purely based on our social, macroeconomic and technical studies. These should not be read as equity research
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This report is not intended to provide investment advice and it does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial
situation and the particular needs of any specific person. Readers should seek financial advice regarding the appropriateness of
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Please refer to the important disclosures at the end of this report.
It's not the one you are looking for
Caught in traffic jam caused by Congress party workers over the Land Bill
issue, I decided to give up and join the small but spirited group. It was nice to
be treated with some tea and snacks after a round of sloganeering. The
slogans were mostly uninspiring and targeted to please the party President
rather than farmers. The usual Sonia ji sangharsh karo hum tumhare saath
hain (Sonia ji we are with you in your struggle) appeared rather trite.
An impromptu discussion with some workers from Haryana and Punjab during
the tea break was quite revealing. None of the 10 young demonstrators, all
from farmer families, had any clue what they were protesting about! Three of
them had political ambitions and the rest just tagged along.
After spending well over two hours, I could make out that Congress is
dissipating its scarce energy on something that may not yield any electoral
dividend for it. To the contrary, by making the land acquisition issue a
platform for comeback the party may actually be helping the regional
opponents like JDU, SP, TMC, TRS, TDP, Shiv Sena, NC and BJD.
The agitation over land acquisition may have temporarily created some poor
sentiments against the NDA government in rural areas, but the Congress Party
is in no position to capitalize on it.
The data prima facie suggests that the segment potentially aggrieved by the
land law is relatively much smaller to cause material electoral reverses at
national level in 2019 general elections. In my sense, for making a comeback,
the Congress Party needs a substantial issue that could touch at least 50% of
the households and then vigorously pursue it for the next four years.
A stroll back in history would tell the Congress Party that regime changes in
India have occurred when the ruling party/group got disconnected with the
bottom of the pyramid in pursuit of faster economic growth (or personal
ambitions) and opposition could rake in an emotional issue to fill the chasm. It
was Mrs. Indira Gandhi (and emergency) Rajiv Gandhi (and Bofors),
Narsimha Rao (and JMM bribery case) Atal Bihari Vajpayee (and Aam
Aadmi) and Manmohan Singh (and 2G and Coalgate).
Thought for the day
""The water in a vessel is
sparkling; the water in the
sea is dark. The small truth
has words which are
clear; the great truth has
great silence."
- Rabindranath Tagore
(Indian, 1861-1941)
investrekk@gmail.com
2. 07 March 2015
2
2009 victory of Congress party despite all economic mess, occurred due to
MNREGA that kept it connected with the poorest amongst poor. The issues
like FDI in retail, multiple scams which were seen as pro rich allowed BJP to
make an entry on traditional turf and afforded the Congress Party its worst
ever defeat in 2014.
The way BJP is going, I believe material improvement in macroeconomic
conditions & governance standards, and direct connectivity of leadership
with masses, will leave an extremely thin crack for the Congress Party to
sneak in. The Congress Party would therefore need an explosive issue to
widen the crack; which the land acquisition is certainly not the one.
I will delve a little more on the land acquisition issue in next couple of days,
before I leave for a 10day trip to central India to assess the feelings of
villagers and tribal people about new land acquisition and mining laws.
Continuing from yesterday, I would like to draw attention of the people, who
are feeling deeply aggrieved by the likely pain the latest Land Acquisition Bill
will cause to the farmers, to the following simple points:
(a) As per 2013 NSSO survey about 83% (80% in 2003) of the total farming
households in India are either landless or marginal (holding less than 1
hectare or 2.47 acres cultivable land).
The total cultivable land in India shrank to 92mn hectare in 2013
(average 0.6hectare per farmer household) from 107mn hectare in 2003
(0.72hectare per farmer household).
In 2013 the landless and marginal farmers owned 30% of the total
cultivable land in the country up from 23% in 2003. This is due to further
fragmentation of the land, or lower conversion of their land holdings.
(b) On the contrary, percentage of medium and large farmer household
(owning more than 4 hectares) shrank from 3.5% in 2003 to 2.17% in 2003.
The cultivable land owned by these medium and large farmer
households shrank from ~35% in 2003 to 24% 2013.
These are the farmers who sell land to industry and infrastructure projects.
And these are the farmers who actually do not cultivate their land
themselves. They lease the land to landless or small farmers. These are
the farmers who stand to gain or lose from the land acquisition laws.
Remember, the compensation under the LARR is given to the owner of
the land and to the person who is actually cultivating that land. These
people lose their employment irrespective of the consent, compensation
amount and environment impact.
(c) From political perspective, 130mn farming households are marginal or
landless against just 3mn farmer households are medium to large land
owners.
3. 07 March 2015
3
The politically aided agitation over the land acquisition issue has three clear
dimensions:
1 It has provided a common cause to parties and politicians who have
been struggling to regain the ground they have yielded to Narendra
Modi led BJP in recent times.
2. It has provided an opportunity to the medium and large farmers to seek
maximization of compensation in lieu of their land which is not
commercially viable for agriculture due to miniscule yield as compared
to current land prices.
3. It threatens to expose politicians who have indulged in "insider trading" in
land acquisition in past.
Prior to 2013 LARR Act, land acquisition used to be a surprise for the land
owners. They would usually come to know about it when the statutory
notification was published.
The "insiders" who would get to know the project details much in
advance would accumulate the land in surrounding areas, and sell at
much higher prices once the project and the land acquisition was
notified. This had been a cause of discontent amongst farmers who were
tricked to sell their land cheaper just before the road or industrial project
was announced. Barmer in Rajasthan, NOIDA/Mathura in UP, and
Gurgaon/Jhhajar in Haryana could just be some small case studies of this
phenomenon.
Let me explain the economics of agriculture in India to explain my point:
(a) The average cultivable land price in 50-100km radius of a city or large
industrial project is about Rs5lac/acre, It may though vary between Rs. 1
lac to Rs. 5crore/acre depending upon the location.
The crop on the land yields less than Rs75000/year for a medium and
large farmer. Assuming 2 crops every year, for a small and marginal
farmer the yield is Rs25000 to Rs50000 per acre/year, excluding the cost
of self labor.
4. 07 March 2015
4
Pertinent to note here is that a typical landless, marginal or small farmer
household deploys 3-4 adults for 6 months in the farm. At ~Rs3000/month
minimum wage rate the cost of self labor itself comes to about Rs55000-
75000/year.
If we adjust the yield for one crop loss every three year, lease rent and
18-24% interest that small and marginal farmer pays, agriculture is usually
unviable business.
If we factor in rising labor cost, lower subsidy in input prices (fertilizer,
electricity, diesel and water) and slower rise in MSP, the viability gap will
likely only increase going forward.
(b) A large majority of farmer households in India are landless or marginal.
Many of these farmers take land on lease. The rent varies from
Rs5000/acre to 50% of produce. A lost crop puts such farmers in a debt
trap that may take minimum 3years to get out.
Many of these farmers do agriculture for sustenance. They grow wheat or
rice for self consumption only.
A proper implementation of Food Security Law will ensure food for them
at minimal cost. In such a scenario, they will anyway have no motivation
to engage in land cultivation.
Remember, the Gen X of these farmers is no longer enamored by the
feeling of Dharti Meri Mata Hai (my land is my mother). The next
generation of landless, marginal and small farmers is therefore least likely
to prefer agriculture over construction or industrial labor.(Availability of
agriculture labor is likely to shrink even further from the current alarming
levels).
(c) Given the low returns, the current generation of medium and large
farmers is also not much interested in taking up farming as occupation.
Most would want to sell the land or convert it into non-agriculture land.
So, as we can see the reason for farmers' agitation is not that they do not
want to sell their land. It is the quantum of compensation that is the issue.
Fighting for this cause could have yielded dividend for AAP in Delhi, because
here the farmers are large and rich. Extrapolating this to national level may
not work. In fact it may prove counterproductive as this will only alienate the
agriculture labor. A better electoral agenda for the welfare of rural
population might therefore be, inter alia:
(a) Faster and full implementation of food security law.
(b) Higher wages under MNREGA.
(c) Better faculties and wages for migrant construction and industrial labor.
(d) Stringent enforcement of Banami Transcations law to unearth Benami
agriculture land in violation of Land ceiling laws.
(e) Mandatory requirement of employment to landless farmers displaced by
the project under consideration.
5. 07 March 2015
5
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