In this report, the main subject of discussion is Lakshmi Nivas, house no. 301, situated on Narayan Pillai Street. The paper focuses on looking at the entire region of Shivajinagar historically and then narrowing it down to Narayan Pillai Street. The entire streetscape of Narayan Pillai Street was done collaboratively by all the students of class before we broke into our individual house reports. The information gathered as a whole has also been included in the paper which adds more depth to it. Lakshmi Nivas’ historical significance has been derived from the information shared by the owners of the house and the neighbouring shopkeepers. The analysis of the physical structure has been performed through several site visits and photographs. The proposal is based on the concept of shop-housing, which is the local socio-economic trend prevalent, also inspired by the conservation of shop-houses done by the URA on Joo Chiat Road in Singapore.

1. Lakshmi Nivas
House no. 301
Ameeshi Goenka
Building Bengaluru - Reimagining Urban Built Heritage
7th
Semester Project
Srishti Institute of Art, Design and Technology

2. Lakshmi Nivas
Introduction
In this report, the main subject of discussion is Lakshmi Nivas, house no. 301, situated on Narayan Pillai
Street. The paper focuses on looking at the entire region of Shivajinagar historically and then narrowing it
down to Narayan Pillai Street. The entire streetscape of Narayan Pillai Street was done collaboratively by
all the students of class before we broke into our individual house reports. The information gathered as a
whole has also been included in the paper which adds more depth to it. Lakshmi Nivas’ historical
significance has been derived from the information shared by the owners of the house and the
neighbouring shopkeepers. The analysis of the physical structure has been performed through several site
visits and photographs. The proposal is based on the concept of shop-housing, which is the local socio-
economic trend prevalent, also inspired by the conservation of shop-houses done by the URA on Joo
Chiat Road in Singapore.
Figure 1- Map of Narayan Pillai Street showing the extent of the study area bound to the north by Veera Pilla
Street, and to the south by Ibrahim Sahib Street a (Source: Google Maps, 2015).

3. History of Narayan Pillai Street and the surrounding area
Narayan Pillai Street, lying perpendicular to Commercial Street, came under the Bangalore Cantonment
set up by the British in the 1890s. The area extending from Ulsoor Lake to the St. Mary’s Basilica was
referred to as the ‘general bazaar’ or the ‘cantonment bazaar’ during the British rule. As it is considered a
part of Shivajinagar (which was also referred to as the ‘general bazaar’), Narayan Pillai Street has a
history that is connected with early trade and commercial activities in Bangalore. It lies to the north of the
Commercial Street. Considering the buildings along the street, it may be surmised that the street was
established between the early and mid-1800s. The exact origins, however, are unknown. Nor are those of
the original settlers on the street. There are hypotheses that the style employed for the original buildings
are of Tamil origin, however, they do not follow the “agraharam” style that is typical to Tamil buildings,
though it may still be said that there are Tamil influences. More prominent are the colonial influences,
with the mix of colonial and vernacular architectural styles demonstrate the mixed heritage of the street.
This is made clear by the row or terrace housing seen on the buildings of the street, which was widely
employed in Britain from the 1800s. According to the old inhabitants of Narayan Pillai Street, the street
has always been a residential area with only three to four commercial set ups, until early 2000s. The
houses on Narayan Pillai Street were owned by British nationals and, post-independence, were then
passed on to the Indians who worked for them. Narayan Pillai Street presents a rich mix of architectural
styles. For example, the houses numbered 298 and 305 demonstrate clear colonial influences in their
exterior architecture. House number 209 also shows Tamil and Malayali influences in its interiors. Other
houses such as numbers 44-47 have more Indian vernacular architectural elements, proportions and scale.
Around 1920s, the area was renamed “Shivajinagar”, and, since Indian independence has been a part of
Bangalore's Central Business District.
Figure 2- Bangalore city map, circa 1924 from "Murray's 1924 Handbook".
Cantonment Bazaar Highlighted. (Source: Wikipedia, 2015).

4. Figure 3- Entry to Narayan Pillai Street from
Commercial Street.
Figure 4- Streetscape of the part of Narayan Pillai
Street which is the focus of the project.
Figure 5- A well conserved living heritage, property no. 298, on Narayan Pillai Street.
Commercial Street and its surrounding areas are popularly known for wholesale and retail shops (for
example, stationery shops, and hardware stores), granaries, cloth and carpet depots, local banks, jewelry
shops, mosques, and temples. Services offered in the area include tailoring, mending of shoes and bags,
jewel-smithing, tattoo artistry and body piercings, cycle repairs and kabadiwallas. The area is most
crowded during festivals such as Ramzan and Diwali. The inhabitants of the area are largely Muslims,
natives of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka whose families were among the earliest settlers of the town.

5. Figure 6- Present day streetscape of Commercial Street.
Figure 7-‘C. Krishniah Chetty & Sons’,is the
oldest building on Commercial Street.

6. Current scenario of Narayan Pillai Street
Narayan Pillai Street is a two-way street which is about ten feet wide. As a result of this, only one vehicle
may pass through at a time, and parking is forbidden, at all times. Still, it is commonplace to find several
two wheelers and auto-rickshaws parked on both sides of the street, and even the footpaths. The street is
most crowded between 5pm to 7pm every evening due to its commercial activities. Even though the
property owners are very well off, financially, the area is perceived as an area of low economic
development. This is partly due to the lack of maintenance by the BBMP. The street itself bears a
dilapidated look, with a large amount of litter all along it. Cows, slowing down traffic and pedestrians, are
a common sight. The footpaths are about two to three feet wide on either side of the street, which have
been encroached by hawkers, peddling their wares, and refreshments, leaving no place for the pedestrians
to tread upon. The entire street follows the concept of shop-housing, where most of the house owners
sublet the ground floor for commercial activities such as the sale of garments, accessories and general
goods. According to the old shopkeepers on that street, the advance paid to rent a space for a commercial
purpose was much less of a problem as it is in the present day. Some of them agreed that majority of the
old properties on the street are disputed properties as the documents are unavailable. Some of the
properties have been locked down, and left in a derelict state. Some of the others have been adapted to
present day activities of the area, and some other more fortunate buildings have been conserved
excellently, and still in use. There are few new constructions seen on the street.
Figure 8- 10' wide Narayan Pillai Street with people walking on the street and a parked auto-rickshaw.
Figure 9- Vehicles parked on the footpath and a cow moving freely viewed on Narayan Pillai Street.

7. Figure 10- Shops on Narayan Pillai Street
seen selling footwear, bags and garments.
Figure 11- Peddlers can be seen selling
toys and food items.
Figure 12- An abandoned house, property no. 305, representing Colonial-Indian mixed architecture.
Lakshmi Nivas
House No. 301 is a residential property, located on Narayan Pillai Street, Commercial Street Cross,
Bangalore- 560001. It is owned by a Mr. Krishnamurthy, a geriatric man hailing from Andhra Pradesh,
who stays there with his sons and domestic help. Plots 300 and 302 are owned by him as well. According
to him the house was built around 1950s, and he had his family have occupied the building since before
he was born. According to Mr. Gupta, Mr. Krishnamurthy’s son, the property belonged to their
forefathers, and the construction was completed in stages. He also mentioned that, at the time of
construction, there were no designers or architects that could be hired for this type of construction, and
that the house was built by the masons adhering to the family’s needs and desires. Lakshmi Nivas has

8. always followed the concept of a shop-house. There are two shops on the ground floor and the residential
space lies behind the shops on the ground floor (initially it was just a single storied building) and also on
the first floor (which was constructed later).
Figure 13- Facade of Lakshmi Nivas. Figure 14- Angled view of
Lakshmi Nivas.
Figure 15- Basic representation of the facade on AutoCAD.
Uses over the years
The ground floor of the house comprises of an entrance to the main housing area (which continues behind
the shops) with a shop on either side (plots no. 300 and 302) and the first floor is entirely a residential
space. The shop on the left, namely ‘Garvi Gujarat Art and Craft’ built on ‘Plot no. 300’, is currently
rented by a Gujarati man who sells children’s and ladies’ clothes and jewelry. He has placed a small sign
board with his shop’s name and address on the green and white awning. The shop on the right, ‘Plot no.
302’, is rented by a lady from Uttar Pradesh, who had renovated the space according to her needs, for the

9. display of ladies clothing and accessories. The name of her shop is ‘Ma. Durga Fashion’ as can be seen on
the large signage installed by her above the brown and white awning. Before these two shops, the space
was occupied by ‘Gupta Garments’, which sold lingerie and ladies’ nightwear for a few years. According
to the one of the workers in the shop opposite house no. 301, for the last ten to fifteen years, the
approximate rent the shopkeepers would pay is about ₹20,000 per month adjusted for inflation. S & S
Creations, whose sign is visible between the signage boards of the two shops, was a small scale school
uniform tailoring business. The proprietor had rented a room inside the house several years ago. After he
vacated the space, someone else rented it out as an office for a few years. As per the shopkeeper’s
speculation, that room has been converted into a bedroom, and the owner is looking for tenants. The
space’s continued use as a residential property and as means of providing a livelihood is well established
in the context of the area. It blends in well with the socio-economic pattern of the local region.
Figure 16- Showing the shops on the two sides of the
main house door entrance (ground floor).
Figure 17- Showing the first floor which is completely
residential.
Figure 18-‘Garvi Gujarat Art and Craft’
is on ‘Plot no. 300’which sells children’s
and ladies’ clothes
and jewelry.
Figure 19- ‘Ma Durga
Fashion’ is on ‘Plot no.
302’ which sells ladies and
garments and accessories.
Figure 20- Shop opposite
Lakshmi Nivas selling
ladies nighties.

10. Physical Structure and Fabric Analysis
The entrance of Lakshmi Nivas is a step raised from the footpath. The floor appears to have been recently
done, as it is mosaic flooring and shows no signs. The stone seating arrangement, which have recently
been painted, on either side of the door, were most probably constructed with the house. It is a
characteristic element of old Indian houses. The pipeline that runs along the foot of one of the seating
arrangements is a newer addition to the structure. The walls on either side of the door are made of ashlar
stone blocks, which have been conserved fairly well since the time of construction. The door in between
is a single sided opening, thick wooden slab, which is old yet has been well preserved. Upon inspection,
the blue paint job upon it appears to be fairly recent. The simple door, when viewed from the outside,
gives an impression of a small house, which is quite deceptive as the house expands a fair ways inwards,
as one walks through the door. Above the wooden door, is a ventilation provision covered with a wooden
plank and vertical and horizontal metal grills. The uniform number plating display above the doors of the
houses on Narayan Pillai Street, as seen above the door of Lakshmi Nivas, with white numbers on a blue
painted metal plate, has been provided by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (the Bangalore
municipality board) in 2012 when the PID (Property Identification Number) system was introduced. As
mentioned previously, the structure was completed in stages, with the first level being a later addition
made of concrete. The broken windows on the first floor are made of glass. They are extremely old and
some are missing, having not been replaced by the owners. Tarpaulin or simply plastic are used as
substitutes to fix the glass window frames, in order to provide shade and as a simple protection from rain.
An idol of Goddess Lakshmi is crafted as ornamentation and to bring good fortune and prosperity to the
family, as believed by the Hindus, and can be seen below the molded parapet of the building.
Figure 21- Recently done 'mosaic' flooring. Figure 22- Recently painted old stone seating
arrangements leading to the door. Pipe line,
at the base of the seating, is a recent addition.

11. Figure 22 & 23- Walls made of ashlar stone blocks,
old wooden door and the expanding further inside.
Figure 23- Grilled and covered ventilation above the door
and the uniform number plating seen above every house on
Narayan Pillai Street.
Figure 24- Broken glass windows of Lakshmi Nivas
and the use of artificial material as a substitute.
Figure 25- Concrete cracks visible and broken parapet
moldings. The idol of Goddess done as ornamentation.
Heritage Significance
Lakshmi Nivas, being situated on Narayan Pillai Street, is a good example of how a building is
constructed in stages in terms of its historical context. This is evident upon comparison of the ground
floor, made of ashlar stone blocks, which was the most commonly used building material around
the1950s, and the first level, which is made of concrete, a common material of construction in the early
1990s. Shop-housing on Narayan Pillai Street is the best way to describe the pattern of activity and uses
of the area and they should be conserved because it gives an idea of how the socio-economic trends were,
historically. The livelihood of the area, represented through buildings like this, is significant to conserve.
It is important that the continuing use of the properties, that are shop-houses or residential in this area, is
maintained because there is a lack of historical evidence; this continuing use depicts how the area was
then till present day. The citizens have taken interest in documenting it only in the last few years, but it
will still be of help in the future. The appearance of the first level of Lakshmi Nivas pulls down the

12. heritage value of not only the building. Given the low quality of maintenance the structure receives, it will
deteriorate it even further, unless the maintenance is improved dramatically. The building will not only
experience degradation in its own aesthetic value, but it will also degrade the aesthetic value of the street
as a whole. Since house no. 301 is a comparatively recent construction, it may not be important as a
‘heritage’ property. Nevertheless, it comes under the category of ‘living heritage’ as it has provided for
livelihood to the local people, for as long as they can remember, and also due to the context in which it is
situated, i.e. near Commercial Street, which has always been a busy, chaotic, commercially active zone.
Plot nos. 300, 301 and 302, like majority of the houses on the street have followed the concept of a
shop-house.
Figure 26- Old buildings along Narayan Pillai Street
following the concept of Shop-housing.
Figure 27- Lakshmi Nivas being a shop-house on
Narayan Pillai Street demands conservation.
Shop-housing
Shop-house can be defined as a vernacular style of architecture popular in South East Asia. It is usually
known to have two or three stories, a footpath at the front porch and it’s usually a continuous row of
houses. The ground floor is meant for trade and commercial practices while the upper stories of the
building are used for personal activities. Shop-houses are also known as ‘townhouses’ which are semi-
public in nature. (VnEconomy, 2014) According to popular belief, shop-houses were originally occupied
by single, extended families, with their private living areas in one zone and the family business in a more
public zone of the house. However, it is possible that the two zones were always or often used by
unrelated persons or groups, who may have been tenants or owners of the property. (Wikipedia, 2015)
The Proposal
Lakshmi Nivas, on Narayan Pillai Street, catering to the day to day needs of an active local economy and
being a private residential space to the Krishnamurthy’s since the 1950s, needs to be conserved. The
proposal to bring about such conservation would include the continuing use of the building and repairs
and maintenance measures, for the structure, to be taken up by the owner and the steps to be taken by the
shop owners to improve the aesthetics of the building thus influencing the streetscape. As mentioned in

13. the Burra Charter under Article 23, “Retaining, modifying or reintroducing a significant use may be
appropriate and preferred forms of conservation.” (Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter, 2013)
For this report, the journal article, “Ethnoscapes, entertainment and 'eritage in the global city: segmented
spaces in Singapore's Joo Chiat Road”, written by Brian J. Shaw and Rahil Ismail has been referred to
which explains the conservation of shop-houses done by the URA (Urban Redevelopment Authority) in
Singapore. (Shaw and Ismail 2006, 187-198)
The owner, for the maintenance of the structure, should take measures to repair the concrete cracks to
avoid further problems of water seepage and to prevent the loss of structural integrity. Reconstruction of
the moldings and the repainting of the entire building with a neutral colour to blend in with the streetscape
will be a sensible and sensitive introduction. The URA in Singapore has reconstructed the ornamentation
of the shop-houses in order to preserve the architectural style of the buildings. As the shop-houses in
Singapore depict various architectural styles ranging from “early (before 1900s), transitional, late (1900-
1940), and art-deco styles (1930-1960), which make use of decorative plaster and ceramic motifs”,
similar sightings can be witnessed on Narayan Pillai Street. The URA has taken measures to reinforce the
association between the culture of the locale and the existing architectural styles. Joo Chiat Road has two
storied shop-houses which is a distinct building style of the local region and caters to commercial trade
and activities on the lower level and private residence on the first floor which is the same scenario in the
case of Narayan Pillai Street. (Shaw and Ismail 2006, 187-198)
Figure 28- Repair of concrete cracks and reconstruction
of moldings and ornamentation required.
Figure 29- A heritage conserved property on Joo Chiat
Road (Source: Mothership, 2015)
Mr. Krishnamurthy should remove the grills behind the broken glass windows. He must either repair the
broken glass windows temporarily or completely replace them with multi-track sliding windows,
casement windows or just convert it into a balcony with ornamented metal railings, in order to improve
the standard of living of his family and tenants and enhance the visual appeal of the built. Multi-track
glass sliding windows would allow the owners to continue with the use of glass but in a more modern
manner. This is possible as the first level was built during the 1990s which was just before India started
practicing modern architecture. The casement windows would be a more contemporary approach as the

14. wooden shutter system was common till the late 1990s but the use of glass would be a more modern
material. The proposal of converting it into an open balcony with ornamented metallic railings or grills. It
is important to avoid the use of quick-fix materials like plastic or tarpaulin on a daily basis as it is not a
sensitive material for a living heritage site and it visually degrades the aesthetics of the building.
Figure 30- Proposal for
sliding glass windows.
(Source: Indiamart, 2015)
Figure 31- Existing broken glass windows that
need attention and the use of plastic
discouraged. Metallic grills behind
need to be removed.
Figure 32- Proposal for glass
shutter windows.
(Source: Yash poly-profiles)
Shop awnings appear dirty, old and worn out. Printed stripes do not go with the theme prevailing in the
area. Plain or graphic (appropriate to the context) retractable window awnings, if maintained well, would
enhance the aesthetics of the façade and also add value to the living heritage property. For a more
permanent structure, wooden awnings are a more friendly material, if well maintained; they would be
long lasting and would enrich the visual appeal of the building. Awnings can be used as signage as well,
as it would mean use of lesser bulky looking materials and also be cost effective. The humungous signage
displays above the shops need to be replaced with more sensitive signage display which are probably
smaller in size and the typeface to reflect the living heritage value of the area. The URA in Singapore has
enforced restrictions on intrusive signage to the shop-houses on Joo Chiat Road which would be good if
applied by the shops 300 and 302. (Shaw and Ismail 2006, 187-198) It would be advisable for other
shop-houses as well to follow the signage guidelines as enforced by the URA in Singapore to improve the
Narayan Pillai streetscape. Since the space inside the house is not rented by ‘S & S Creations’ anymore,
the signage should also disappear.
Figure 33- Existing awning and huge signage of
'Ma Durga Fashion' which needs to be replaced by
something more sensitive to the context.
Figure 34- Existing awning and huge signage of ‘Gupta
Garments’ which needs to be replaced by something
more sensitive to the context.

15. Figure 35- Proposal for plain retractable awning
(Source: Accent Awnings, 2014)
Figure 36- Proposal for graphic awning (Source:
Manchester Awning, 2015).
Figure 37- Proposal for permanent wooden awning with
side signage (Source: Two Tone Design).
Figure 38- Proposal for retractable awnings with
uniform row signage display as seen on Joo Chiat Road
(Source: Tumblr- Klaine Road Trip, 2015).
Figure 39- Proposal for information display
as seen on Commercial Street.
Figure 40- Proposal for using awnings as signage
(Source: Mega Print).
In the case of Joo Chiat Road and Narayan Pillai Street, the commercial activities of the shop-houses are
pouring onto the footpaths, thus disrupting the heavy pedestrian movement and vehicular traffic. Like
other examples on the Narayan Pillai Street and as enforced by the URA for the shop-houses on Joo Chiat
Road, commercial activities should be confined to the space rented for it and not allow for mannequins

16. and tables on the footpath. Height restrictions have been established by the URA and the BBMP for the
construction of new buildings and rear extensions. Narayan Pillai Street just like the Joo Chiat Road
“caters to the daily needs of a lively local economy”. Most of the traditional trades that gave character to
the area, like traditional laundry services, skin-making and tailoring have been lost in the course of time
which is in contrast to that of Narayan Pillai Street wherein the same trade like selling garments and
accessories, kabadiwallas, paper cutting, repairing cycles etc., is carried on by the local people. The steps
taken to conserve the shop-houses on Joo Chiat Road, is done by the URA with the help of government
aids and finances whereas to conserve the shop-houses 300,301 and 302 the expenditure would be borne
by Mr. Krishnamurthy and the shop owners. (Shaw and Ismail 2006, 187-198)
Figure 41- Shops 300 and 302 pouring onto Narayan
Pillai Street.
Figure 42- Shop activities confined to their space on
Joo Chiat Road (Source: Mitula)
Conclusion
Lakshmi Nivas, on plot no. 301 Narayan Pillai Street is a clear example of a building falling into
disrepair. This is primarily due to continued neglect and lack of forward thinking during design. It also
demonstrates a lack of care toward cultural and historical sensibility in the way it was upgraded,
renovated, and maintained. However, in order to maintain its cultural significance as an example of the
architectural style of late 1900s Bangalore, as well as the socio-economic trends through the years, it is
important that the building continue to exist. Lakshmi Nivas provides a good example of the shop-
housing concept that was common during the time of construction. To that end, the two shops on either
side its frontage must be retained. However, in order to restore the building such that it blends in with the
other historical buildings on the street, the awnings on the shops will have to be changed, using any of the
methods discussed earlier. The building itself will have to undergo significant renovation to transform it
from its current, almost uncared for, state, into a form that is both functional, housing the same people,
and shops, as it does currently, and true to its cultural roots, while being significantly improved
aesthetically. The first step to this would be replacement of all the broken windows, either partially,
changing only the window panes, or completely, removing the metal grills, and installing sliding
windows. The next step would be to repair the walls themselves, to retain the structural integrity of the
building, and ensure its continued life. This is a necessary half measure, due to the fact that the building
has been constructed in steps, with no real future plan, or regard to how the existing style and materials

17. could be maintained, with the floors being made of different materials. The building may be repainted in
neutral colours so as to better blend with the other buildings on the street, thereby creating a cohesive
appearance that keeps in line with the historical narrative of the street.
Narayan Pillai Street has a rich heritage that stretches back to the Indian Colonial era, and the old
buildings are a continuing demonstration of the development of the street. However, the recent additions
of double parked vehicles, hawkers encroaching the streets, and the increasingly decrepit states of the
buildings that line its sides damage the significance of this heritage. The living heritage that has been
created by the existence of shop houses along the street, which still function, may be better preserved by
careful renovation of the buildings that line it, minding the original aesthetics of the buildings. In order to
lessen the burden of this renovation, it is recommended that the BBMP partially fund the same, as in the
case of Joo Chiat Road. This will ensure that the owners and proprietors do not have to be financially
handicapped by such reconstruction, while still ensuring the same is carried out.
In conclusion, these proposals, if carried out, would be large steps toward preserving the historical
integrity, and cultural heritage of both Lakshmi Nivas, and Narayan Pillai Street, which is an integral part
of Bangalore’s history. Additionally, being a unique, live, cross section of the development of Bangalore
as a city. It will also ensure the preservation of Narayan Pillai Street’s living heritage, that of the shop
houses, and small scale artisans, for future generations.
References
BBMP, 2015. “GIS Based New PID.” Last modified in 2015.
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VnEconomy, 2014. “Shophouse, distinctions of Park Hill.” Last modified on July 22, 2015.
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Wikipedia, 2015. “Shophouse.” Last modified on August 10, 2015.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shophouse
The Burra Charter, 2013.“The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance.” Accessed
on November 5, 2015.
Shaw, Brian J and Ismail, Rahil. 2006. “Ethnoscapes, entertainment and 'eritage in the global city:
segmented spaces in Singapore's Joo Chiat Road.” GeoJournal, Vol. 66, No. 3, Heritage, Politics and
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http://dir.indiamart.com/hyderabad/aluminium-sliding-window.html

18. YashPoly. “Products.”
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