¿Qué tienen en común un teléfono móvil, una camiseta y una naranja? A simple vista, puede parecer que nada, pero si lo pensamos bien, todos estos productos han llegado hasta nosotros gracias al transporte marítimo. Sí, has leído bien, el transporte marítimo es el responsable de mover el 90% del comercio mundial, y sin él, nuestra vida sería muy diferente. Pero, ¿sabes cómo funciona este sistema tan complejo y fascinante? ¿Y qué consecuencias tiene para el medio ambiente y para la sociedad? En este comentario, te voy a contar algunas cosas que quizás no sabías sobre la logística marítima, y cómo la tecnología y la responsabilidad ambiental pueden mejorarla. La logística marítima es el arte de organizar el transporte de mercancías por mar, desde el origen hasta el destino, de la forma más eficaz y económica posible. Para ello, se utilizan diferentes medios, como los barcos, los puertos, los almacenes, las aduanas, los camiones, los trenes y los aviones. Todo esto implica una gran coordinación y planificación, que depende de muchos factores, como la demanda, el clima, las normas, los costos, los riesgos y las oportunidades. La logística marítima es como un gran rompecabezas, donde cada pieza tiene que encajar perfectamente con las demás. Pero la logística marítima no solo es un desafío técnico y económico, sino también social y ambiental. El transporte marítimo tiene un gran impacto en el planeta, ya que consume mucha energía, genera muchas emisiones y produce muchos residuos. Además, afecta a la vida de las personas, tanto de las que trabajan en el sector, como de las que viven cerca de las rutas marítimas o de los puertos. Por eso, es necesario que la logística marítima sea sostenible, es decir, que respete el medio ambiente y los derechos humanos, y que contribuya al desarrollo de las comunidades. ¿Cómo podemos lograr esto? Pues con la ayuda de la tecnología y la responsabilidad ambiental, dos conceptos que cada vez están más relacionados en el ámbito de la logística. La tecnología nos permite innovar y mejorar los procesos, los equipos y los sistemas que se utilizan en el transporte marítimo, haciéndolos más eficientes, más seguros y más inteligentes. Por ejemplo, podemos usar sensores, GPS, drones, robots, blockchain,

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CHARLES FIELDS
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2023 - 2024

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Content
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................. 3
PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
JUSTIFICATION .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
GENERAL OBJECTIVE .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Technology ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Environmental responsibility: ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Sea transport: ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Logistics: ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
CONTENT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
1. Do you know how your online purchases travel? You will be surprised by what you will discover about shipping
and logistics. ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Maritime transport is not what you think: discover how technology and environmental responsibility are
transforming it. ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
3. The best kept secret in international trade: how maritime transport and logistics meet the challenges of the
21st century. ................................................................................................................................................................. 10
4. The maritime transport and logistics revolution: how technology and environmental responsibility are changing
everything. ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
5. Maritime transport and logistics: a sector in constant evolution. You want to know why? ................................ 13
SWOT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................................... 16

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INTRODUCTION
Have you ever wondered how the products you buy online get to your home?
Or how are the raw materials used to manufacture them transported? Surely not,
because we are so used to having everything we want at our fingertips, that we don't stop to
think about the process behind it. Well, I'm going to tell you a secret: most of the things we
consume travel by sea, in huge ships that cross the oceans loaded with containers. Yes, that's
right, maritime transport is the most used for international trade, and also the oldest. But
don't think that it is a boring and old-fashioned sector, quite the opposite.
Maritime transport is constantly evolving, and faces great challenges and opportunities in
the 21st century. Two of the most important are technology and environmental
responsibility, two concepts that are increasingly related in the field of logistics. You want to
know more? Well, keep reading, because I am going to present you a very interesting text by
Dr. Jesús Martínez, an expert in this field, who explains to us some of the advances and
challenges that are occurring in this area, from the perspective of research and University
education. I assure you that you will not be bored, and that you will learn many new things.
Are you ready? Well let's go there.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Can you imagine a world without maritime transport?
 How could we exchange goods and services with other countries?

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 How could we enjoy exotic and varied products?
Maritime transport is essential for economic and social development, but it also has a high
environmental cost.
 Did you know that ships emit more carbon dioxide than many countries?
 Did you know that engine noise affects the communication and reproduction of
marine animals?
 Did you know that the waste and organisms that travel on the hulls of ships alter
ecosystems and biodiversity?
These are some of the problems posed by maritime logistics, which is the part of logistics
that is responsible for planning, organizing and controlling the transportation of goods by
sea. Maritime logistics is a challenge for sustainability, which is the ability to meet the needs
of the present without compromising those of the future.
 How can we make shipping more efficient, cleaner and more environmentally friendly?
 What technologies and strategies can we use to reduce the environmental impact of
maritime logistics?
 What benefits would this have for the planet, for people and for companies?
These are some of the questions we ask ourselves in this work, where we will analyze the
relationship between technology and environmental responsibility in maritime logistics. We
will use examples, analogies, metaphors and rhetorical devices to explain in a simple and
attractive way the concepts and solutions that exist in this field. Our goal is to raise
awareness about the importance of green logistics, which is logistics that seeks to minimize
the environmental impact of its operations. We hope you find this work interesting, fun and
educational. Welcome aboard!

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BACKGROUND
Technology is one of the main tools to improve the sustainability and responsibility of
maritime transport. For decades, various technological innovations have been developed and
implemented that have made it possible to optimize the operation and safety of ships and
port operations, reducing fuel consumption and emissions.
Some examples are smart sensors, artificial intelligence, vehicle autonomy, alternative fuels,
ship design and aerodynamics, environmental management systems or international
cooperation and regulation initiatives. However, these innovations are not enough, and it is
necessary to continue researching and developing new technologies that respond to the
current and future challenges of maritime transport and logistics.
JUSTIFICATION
Would you like to travel the world and see incredible places? Would you like to see how the
goods we consume every day move? Would you like to know how all this can be done in a
more ecological and responsible way? If your answer is yes, then this text is for you. In it, we
are going to tell you about some of the advances and challenges that are occurring in the
field of technology and environmental responsibility in maritime transport and logistics,
which is one of the most important activities for global trade and development. .
The text is based on the experience and knowledge of Dr. Jesús Martínez, an expert in this
field, who offers us a general and interesting vision of this topic. Dr. Martínez is a professor
and researcher at the University of Panama, where he teaches courses and directs projects
on green logistics, which is logistics that seeks to minimize the environmental impact of its
operations. Dr. Martínez will explain to us what logistics is, what maritime transport is, what
environmental problems it generates, and what technological and strategic solutions are
being applied or could be applied to make it more sustainable and responsible.

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GENERAL OBJECTIVE
 The general objective of this text is to analyze the role of technology and
environmental responsibility in maritime transport and logistics, from the perspective
of research and university training, and to reflect on the benefits, challenges and
opportunities that arise. in this field.
SPECIFIC GOAL
 Identify and describe the main technological innovations that are being applied
or developed in maritime transport and logistics, and how they contribute to
improving the efficiency, safety and sustainability of this activity.
 Explore and evaluate the challenges and responsibilities that maritime transport
and logistics have with respect to the environment, and how the negative
impact that this activity generates on the planet and people can be reduced.
 Recognize and value the interest and awareness that new generations of
students and researchers have for the topic of technology and environmental
responsibility in maritime transport and logistics, and how it is reflected in their
final degree works and in their research projects. investigation.
 Compare and contrast the different perspectives and approaches that exist on
technology and environmental responsibility in maritime transport and logistics,
both nationally and internationally, and how cooperation and regulation in this
area can be encouraged.
 Propose and argue possible solutions or recommendations to improve
technology and environmental responsibility in maritime transport and logistics,
taking into account the practical and applied aspects, as well as the social and
economic implications of this technological and environmental transformation.

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework of this text is based on the concepts of technology, environmental
responsibility, maritime transport and logistics, and the relationships established between
them. Below, a brief definition of each of these concepts is presented, and some
bibliographic sources that support them are cited.
Technology
It is understood as the set of knowledge, skills, techniques and tools that are applied to
solving problems or developing activities in a certain field or sector. Technology involves
innovation, creativity and adaptation to change, and has both positive and negative impacts
on society and the environment. Some sources on this concept are: Díaz, C. (2010).
Technology: concepts and applications. Limusa Publishing House; Martínez, J. (2018).
Technology and innovation in maritime transport and logistics. UPC Publishing; and Castells,
M. (2009). The network society: a global vision. Editorial Alliance.
Environmental responsibility:
It is understood as the ethical and legal commitment that people, organizations and
institutions have to protect and conserve the environment, and to minimize or compensate
for the negative impact that their activities generate on it. Environmental responsibility
involves awareness, education, participation and action, and has both an individual and
collective effect on the health and well-being of the population and the planet. Some sources
on this concept are: Leff , E. (2004). Environmental ethics and environmental education. XXI
Century Editorial; Fernández, J. (2016). Corporate environmental responsibility: concepts,
models and experiences. Piramide Publishing House; and UN (2015). Sustainable
Development Goals. Available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/objetivos-
de-desarrollo-sostenible/
Marine transport:
It is understood as the mode of transport that uses water as a means of communication, and
that allows the transfer of people and goods between different geographical points.
Maritime transport is the most used for international trade, and also the oldest. Maritime
transport has advantages such as capacity, economy and versatility, but also drawbacks such

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as slowness, dependence on weather conditions and environmental impact. Some sources
about this concept are: Branch, A. (2007). Maritime Economics: Management and Marketing.
Routledge Publishing; Stopford, M. (2009). Maritime Economics . Routledge Publishing; and
IMO (2018). Maritime transport and the environment. Available at:
http://www.imo.org/es/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Maritime-transport-and-the-
environment.aspx
Logistics:
It is understood as the set of processes and activities carried out to plan, organize, coordinate
and control the flow of materials, information and resources from origin to destination, in
order to satisfy the needs and expectations of customers. Logistics involves the integration of
different agents, functions and systems, and has a direct influence on the competitiveness,
quality and sustainability of organizations and sectors. Some sources on this concept are:
Ballou, R. (2004). Logistics: supply chain management. Pearson Publishing; Christopher, M.
(2011). Logistics and Supply Chain Management. Pearson Publishing; and UN (2017).
Sustainable logistics. Available at:
https://www.un.org/development/desa/es/news/sustainable/logistica-sostenible.html
CONTENT
1. Do you know how your purchases travel online? You will be surprised by what you
will discover about shipping and logistics.
Have you ever wondered what happens after you click the buy button on a website? How
does that product you want so much get to your house? What adventures and dangers does
it have to overcome to reach your hands? If you are curious to know the answer, keep
reading. I'm going to tell you a secret that you may not know: most of your online purchases
travel by sea. Yes, you read it right. The sea is the scene of a great logistics operation that
makes it possible for you to enjoy products from all over the world.

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Maritime transport is the most used means of international trade. According to the
International Maritime Organization, 90% of world trade is carried out by sea¹. This is
because sea transport has many advantages: it is cheaper, greener and safer than other
means of transport. Additionally, ships can transport large quantities of goods at once,
reducing costs and delivery times.
But maritime transport is not just about loading and unloading containers. Behind each
shipment there is a complex logistics network that is responsible for planning, coordinating
and controlling the flow of goods from origin to destination. Logistics involves many
activities, such as inventory management, packaging, labeling, transportation, warehousing,
distribution, and customer service. Logistics is the art of getting things to where they need to
go, at the right time, in the best conditions and at the lowest possible cost.
Maritime transport and logistics are, therefore, a vital sector for the global economy and for
your daily life. Without them, you would not be able to shop online with such ease and
variety. Maritime transport and logistics are like the unsung heroes that make your wishes
come true. Don't you think it's surprising?
2. Maritime transport is not what you think: discover how technology and
environmental responsibility are transforming it.
Would you like to travel the world on a boat? Can you imagine what life would be like aboard
a gigantic cargo ship? Do you know that maritime transport is much more than moving things
from one place to another? If you are interested in learning more about this topic, keep
reading and you will be surprised by what I am going to tell you.
Maritime transport is a very old activity, but also very modern. For thousands of years,
humans have used the sea as a means of communication, trade and exploration. But today,
maritime transport is not what you think: it is an industry that is constantly evolving, that
uses the most advanced technology and that cares about the environment.

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Technology has made it possible to improve the safety, efficiency and productivity of
maritime transport. For example, today's ships are bigger, faster and smarter than before.
They can transport thousands of containers, navigate on autopilot, communicate with
satellites and avoid collisions. In addition, technology also facilitates supply chain
management, tracking of goods, optimizing routes and reducing costs.
Environmental responsibility is another key aspect of maritime transport. Although maritime
transport is the most environmentally friendly mode of transport, it also generates
greenhouse gas emissions, noise, litter and pollution. Therefore, the maritime industry is
committed to sustainable development and the protection of the planet. Some of the
measures being taken are: the use of cleaner fuels, the installation of wastewater treatment
systems, the adoption of recycling and reuse practices, participation in marine conservation
programs and collaboration with international organizations.
3. The best kept secret in international trade: how maritime transport and logistics
meet the challenges of the 21st century.
Do you know what your cell phone, your clothes and your food have in common? Have you
noticed that most of the things you use or consume come from other countries? Would you
like to know how it is possible for all of this to reach you? If the answer is yes, then read on
and discover the best kept secret in international trade: maritime transport and logistics.
Maritime transport and logistics are two activities that consist of moving and organizing
goods that are exchanged between countries. Without them, we would not be able to enjoy
globalization and the diversity of products that we have at our disposal. But don't think it's
easy or simple: maritime transport and logistics face many 21st century challenges, such as
competition, demand, safety, quality, sustainability and digitalization.
To overcome these challenges, maritime transport and logistics rely on innovation and
adaptation. For example, they use larger, faster and safer ships, which can carry more cargo

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with less fuel and fewer emissions. They also use information and communication systems,
which allow them to track, control and optimize the flow of goods. In addition, they apply
standards and protocols, which guarantee compliance with legal, health and environmental
requirements.
As you can see, maritime transport and logistics are two activities that have a great impact
on our daily lives and the global economy. Therefore, the next time you buy something
online or go to the supermarket, think about all the work and technology behind each
product. And if you liked this comment, don't forget to give it a like and share it with your
friends. Until next time!
4. The shipping and logistics revolution: how technology and environmental
responsibility are changing everything.
Do you know what your cell phone, your clothes and your food have in common? Have you
noticed that most of the things you use or consume come from other countries? Would you
like to know how it is possible for all of this to reach you? If the answer is yes, then read on
and discover the best kept secret in international trade: maritime transport and logistics.
Maritime transport and logistics are two activities that consist of moving and organizing
goods that are exchanged between countries. Without them, we would not be able to enjoy
globalization and the diversity of products that we have at our disposal. But don't think it's
easy or simple: maritime transport and logistics face many 21st century challenges, such as
competition, demand, safety, quality, sustainability and digitalization.
To overcome these challenges, maritime transport and logistics rely on innovation and
adaptation. For example, they use larger, faster and safer ships, which can carry more cargo
with less fuel and fewer emissions. They also use information and communication systems,
which allow them to track, control and optimize the flow of goods. In addition, they apply

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standards and protocols, which guarantee compliance with legal, health and environmental
requirements.
As you can see, maritime transport and logistics are two activities that have a great impact
on our daily lives and the global economy. Therefore, the next time you buy something
online or go to the supermarket, think about all the work and technology behind each
product. And if you liked this comment, don't forget to give it a like and share it with your
friends. Until next time!

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5. Maritime transport and logistics: a sector in constant evolution. You want to know
why?
Would you like to travel the world without leaving your home? Can you imagine being able to
buy anything you want with just one click? Would you be surprised to know that there is
more life in the sea than on land? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you
are interested in learning about maritime transport and logistics. These two words may
sound boring, but they are actually very fun and fascinating. Maritime transport and logistics
are the activities that make it possible for us to enjoy everything the world has to offer, from
exotic foods to fashionable clothing, books, movies, music and much more. Maritime
transportation and logistics are like the magic that makes our wishes come true.
But shipping and logistics are not just magic, they are also science, art and adventure.
Maritime transportation and logistics are the result of centuries of exploration, innovation
and creativity. From the first navigators who dared to cross the oceans, to modern engineers
who design the largest and fastest ships in the world, to the merchants who established
routes and markets, maritime transport and logistics have been evolving and improving.
Maritime transport and logistics are like a big puzzle that must be put together with
intelligence and skill.
Maritime transport and logistics are, therefore, an exciting sector, which opens the doors to a
world of possibilities and opportunities. But they are also a challenging sector, which requires
responsibility and commitment. Maritime transport and logistics have to face problems such
as pollution, climate change, safety and competition. Maritime transport and logistics are like
a game that must be played with ethics and respect.

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SWOT ANALYSIS
What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think about shipping? Huge ships loaded
with containers? Pirates attacking ships? Pollution and waste of resources? If so, you may be
surprised to learn that shipping is not what you think. In reality, it is an industry that is
constantly changing, thanks to technological innovation and ecological awareness. Let's see
what their strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats are, according to the SWOT
analysis.

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STRENGTHS: OPPORTUNITIES:
Maritime transport is responsible for more
than 80% of world trade¹, making it a key
sector for the global economy. In addition, it
is the most efficient mode of transport in
terms of energy consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions per ton
transported². It is also the safest, since it has
the lowest rate of accidents and human
losses³.
Maritime transport has great potential to
improve its performance and
competitiveness, taking advantage of new
technologies and practices that are
emerging. Some of these are digitalization,
automation, artificial intelligence, the
internet of things, renewable energy,
ecological design and the circular economy¹.
These solutions can help optimize maritime
transport management, operation, safety,
transparency and sustainability, as well as
reduce costs and increase profits.
WEAKNESSES: THREATS:
Maritime transportation also faces some
internal challenges that limit its development
and growth. One of them is the lack of
investment in infrastructure, research and
development, which makes the adoption of
new technologies and practices difficult.
Another is the shortage of qualified
personnel, especially seafarers, engineers
and technicians, which creates recruitment,
training and retention problems.
Furthermore, maritime transport has a
negative image in the public opinion, due to
its environmental and social impact.
Maritime transport must also face some
external threats that can affect its viability
and profitability. One of them is competition
from other modes of transport, such as air,
rail and land, which can offer greater speed,
flexibility and quality. Another is political,
economic and social instability, which can
generate conflicts, crises, sanctions,
regulations and restrictions on international
trade. Finally, climate change and its effects,
such as rising sea levels, ocean acidification,
loss of biodiversity and the frequency of
extreme weather events, can put the safety
and operation of maritime transport at risk.

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CONCLUSION
Well, we have now reached the end of this very instructive and entertaining text by Dr. Jesús
Martínez, who has spoken to us about technology and environmental responsibility in
maritime transport and logistics. What do you think?
I loved it, because it made me see this sector with different eyes, and it showed me that
there is much more than meets the eye. Dr. Martínez has taught us that maritime
transportation is a very dynamic and innovative field, which benefits from the incorporation
of smart sensors, artificial intelligence and vehicle autonomy, to improve the efficiency and
safety of operations. But he has also warned us that maritime transport has a great
environmental responsibility, since it is one of the activities that has the greatest impact on
the environment, and that measures must be taken to reduce it.
Dr. Martínez has told us that university students are very aware of this issue, and that they
carry out final degree projects related to sustainability. However, it has also left us intrigued,
because it has not given us many details about the possible solutions or the social and
economic implications of this technological and environmental transformation. Therefore, I
would like to invite you to continue researching and learning about this topic, because I think
it is very important and that it affects us all. And if you want, you can share your opinions
and comments with me, I will be happy to hear them. Thank you for your attention, and until
next time. 👋

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