The document discusses current divider rule and Kirchhoff's laws. It provides an overview of topics covered in the electrical engineering syllabus including components, semiconductor devices, laws/theorems for analysis, and applications of electric circuits and machines. Kirchhoff's current law states that the algebraic sum of currents at any junction is zero. Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the algebraic sum of voltages in any closed loop is zero. These laws are useful for circuit analysis.

1. Current Divider Rule and KCL
Lecture 6
A.V.Ramachandran
03-Nov-2022
(ECE and CCE)

2. Syllabus
• Unit 1 Introduction to Electrical Engineering, Current and Voltage sources, Resistance, Inductance
and Capacitance; Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s law, Energy and Power – Series parallel combination of R,
L, C components, Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rules – Super position Theorem, Network
Analysis – Mesh and Node methods-
• Unit 3 PN Junction diodes, VI Characteristics, Rectifiers: Half wave, Full wave, Bridge. Zener
Diode- characteristics – regulator design, Optoelectronic devices. BJT – characteristics and
configurations (CE) , Transistor as a Switch. Junction Field Effect Transistors - operation and
characteristics, Thyristor (SCR)– Operation and characteristics. Fundamentals of DIAC and TRIAC.
555 Timer, Integrated circuits. Operational Amplifiers – Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier –
Instrumentation amplifiers.
• Rest of Unit-1: Faraday’s Laws of Electro-magnetic Induction, Magnetic Circuits, Self and Mutual
Inductance, Generation of sinusoidal voltage, Instantaneous, Average and effective values of
periodic functions, Phasor representation. Introduction to 3-phasesystems, Introduction to
electric grids.
• Unit 2 Electrical Machines: DC Motor: Construction, principle of operation, Different types of DC
motors, Voltage equation of a motor, significance of back EMF, Speed, Torque, Torque-Speed
characteristics, Output Power, Efficiency and applications. Single Phase Transformer:
Construction, principle of operation, EMF Equation. Regulation and Efficiency of a Transformer.
Induction Machine: Three Phase Induction Motor: Construction and Principle of Operation, Slip
and Torque, Speed Characteristics. Stepper motor: Construction, principle and mode of operation.

3. Text Books and References
• Textbook(s)
• Edward Hughes. “Electrical and Electronic Technology”, 10th Edition, Pearson Education Asia,
2019.
• D. P. Kothari, I J Nagrath, “Electric Machines”, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2017.
• A. P. Malvino, “Electronic Principles”, 7th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.
• References
• S. K. Bhattcharya, “Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering”, Pearson, 2012.
• Vincent Del Toro, “Electrical Engineering Fundamentals”, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited,
2nd Edition, 2003.
• David A. Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2008.
• (Michael Tooley B. A., “Electronic circuits: Fundamentals and Applications”, 3rd Edition,
Elsevier Limited, 2006.
• K. S Suresh Kumar, “Electric Circuits and Networks”
• W.H. Hayt, “Engineering Circuit Analysis” Mcgraw Hill, 2012

4. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Faraday’s Law and Magnetic
Circuits
AC Generation
and Distribution
Transformer
DC Motor
Induction
Motor
Stepper
Motor
Components
R,L and C Semiconductor Devices
Low Power Devices
PN Junction
Rectifiers
BJT
Switch
JFET IC
555
Timer
OPAMP
Amplifiers
High Power Devices
Thyristor, Diac and
Triac
Laws/Theorems/Analysis/
Techniques
Applications
Applications
Working Mechanism
(CO-3)
(CO-4)
(CO-1 & CO-2)
(CO-1)
(CO-4)
(CO-1)
(CO-2 & CO-4)
(CO-2 & CO-4)
Concept Map
Used to
analyse
and
design

5. Find the total resistance

11. Summary

12. Summary

13. Summary

14. Rule of Thumb
• In a series circuit, the total resistance is always greater than the
greatest resistance in the circuit.
• In a parallel network, the total resistance is always less than the
smallest resistance in the network

15. Kirchhoff’s law
• First (current) law. At any instant the algebraic sum of
the currents at a junction in a network is zero.
Gustav Kirchhoff
[Source: Wikipedia]
Electric circuits,
Optics,
Spectroscopy,
Thermochemistry
etc..

17. Law need not only apply to a junction but may also apply to a section of a network

18. If only input and output are investigated, no need to know about the middle one
(can treat as black box)

19. Current flow upwards!

20. Series-Parallel Network
Whether R2 is in parallel with R6?
Network in series!

21. Find the voltage across and power absorbed in each
resistors?

22. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
• At any instant in a closed loop, the algebraic
sum of the e.m.f.s acting round the loop is
equal to the algebraic sum of the p.d.s round
the loop.
William H. Hayt’s definition:
“The algebraic sum of the voltages
around any closed path is zero”
Node, Path, Loop, Branch

23. Node, Path, Loop and Branch
• Node
• A point at which two or more elements have a common connection
• Path
• If no node was encountered more than once, then the set of nodes and
elements that we have passed through
• Loop
• Closed path (start and stop nodes are same)
• Branch
• One simple element and the node at each end of the element
[William H. Hayt Book]