Pre-Colonial Period

1. 21st CENTURY
LITERATURE FROM THE
PHILIPPINES AND THE
WORLD
LESSON 1

2. Various Dimensions of
Philippine Literary
History from Pre-colonial to
Contemporary

3.  LITERATURE
– comes from the Latin word
“litteratura” which means “writing
formed with letters”
– “littera” means “letter”

4.  LITERATURE
– It is anything and everything
that reproduces life experiences,
wherein it collects, organizes, and
sums up the entire of humanity,
occasionally adding more color to
it.

5. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
– It is the body of works,
both oral and written, that
Filipinos have created
about the experience of
people living in or relating
to Philippine society.
5

6. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
– It reflects a diverse
group of works which are
mostly grounded on
traditional folktales, socio-
political histories, and
real-life experiences.
6

7. PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
– Such literary works have
since promoted Filipino
cultural values, told daily
struggles of locals, and
have instilled a
remarkable lesson/s.
7

8. PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD

9. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
 The first settlers of the Philippines
arrived through land bridges around
15,000–30,000 BC.
 Those first settlers (the Aetas) were
excellent hunters and food
gatherers.

10. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
 In 2,500 BC, two types of Malays
came and influenced our ancestors.
1. Proto-Malays
2. Deutero-Malays

11.  The Proto-Malays
- introduced seafaring, farming,
building houses from trees, and
creation of fire for cooking
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

12.  The Deutero-Malays
(Indian, Chinese, Siamese, Arabic)
- introduced systems of writing,
agriculture, metallurgy, jewelry-
making, and boat building
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

13.  Oral and written literatures were
present in our culture even before
colonizers came. We had our own
alphabet that our Malayan
ancestors used.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

14.  ALIBATA
– The term "Alif-Bata" was
coined by Paul Rodriguez
Verzosa who mistook Baybayin to
have come from the Arabic
alphabet.

15.  ALIBATA
– He was a member of the National
Language Institute in 1939. He
coined the erroneous term Alibata
in year 1921.

16.  BAYBAYIN
– pre-colonial writing system used
by early Filipinos
– the term “baybayin” comes from
the Tagalog root word baybay,
which means “to spell” or “syllable”

17.  BAYBAYIN
– technically called as an
alphasyllabary (each character is
based on a consonant letter, with a
vowel notation indicating the
corresponding vowel sound)

18.  BAYBAYIN
– it has 14 syllabic consonant
characters (ba, da, ga, ha, ka, la,
ma, na, nga, pa, sa, ta, wa, ya)
and 3 vowel characters (a, e/i,
o/u)

19.  BAYBAYIN
– for “e-i” sound, a kudlit or mark
is placed on top of the character
– for “o-u” sound, a kudlit or mark
is placed at the bottom of the
character

20.  BAYBAYIN
– Spanish added a cross mark at
the bottom of Baybayin characters
to indicate consonants that stand
alone.

22. HOW DO YOU THINK
DID OUR ANCESTORS
WRITE THEIR
LITERARY WORKS
AND PIECES?

23.  The written literary
forms did not last
because of the
materials used such as:
1) leaves,
2) bamboo canes,
3) bark of trees,
4) stone slab, and
5) the ground.

24.  Such materials did not
last long because of its
organic composition.

25. HOW DO YOU THINK
DID THEY
COMMUNICATE
THEIR STORIES?

26.  But the oral literature
continued by word of
mouth through:
1) folk speech
2) folk narrative
3) folk song

27.  Folk Speeches
- riddles (bugtong)
- proverbs (salawikain)
- idioms (sawikain)

28.  RIDDLES
– used to test wit, ingenuity, and
imagination
– generally poetic in form and
come in one, two, three or four
lines
– varying from 4 syllables to as
many as 14 syllables

29.  Example
Nang bata pa’y paru-paro
Nang tumanda na’y latigo
- sitaw (string
beans)

30.  PROVERBS
– brief statements of practical
wisdom based on long
experience and observations
about life
– stated in figurative language
and are usually rendered in
rhyming couplets

31.  Examples
Ang naglalakad ng matulin,
Kung matinik ay malalim.
Kung ano ang puno,
Ay siya ring bunga.

32.  IDIOMS
– a phrase or a fixed expression
that has a figurative, or
sometimes literal meaning

33.  Examples
- Ahas
- Bulang-gugo
- Natuka ng ahas
- Pulot-gata
- Umaalon ang dibdib

34.  Folk Narratives
- folktale
- legend
- myth
- epic
- fable
- parable

35.  FOLKTALE
– this story is passed down from
generation to generation, and it
becomes part of a tradition of
community

36.  Examples
- Juan Pusong and his Father’s
Cow
- Si Juan at ang mga Alimango

37.  LEGEND
– this story is presented in history
but is unlikely to be true
– deals mainly with the origin of
local phenomena or happenings,
origin of places, plants, animals,
things, and names

38.  Examples
- The Legend of Pineapple
- The Legend Mt. Arayat
- Ang Alamat ng Daliri
- Ang Alamat ng Palaka

39.  MYTH
– this story is told to explain
belief, a practice, or a natural
phenomenon
– fictional stories that try to
explain how things came to be
through the intervention of
supernatural beings

40.  Examples
- The Creation Myth
- Si Malakas at Maganda
- Tungkung Langit and Alunsina

41.  EPIC
– are lengthy narrative poems
revolving around supernatural
events, heroic deeds, or folk
heroes – they embody or validate
the beliefs and customs and
ideals of a community (tribal pride
and unity)

42.  EPIC
– these were either chanted or
sung with accompaniment of
indigenous musical instruments
and dancing performed during
harvests,
weddings or funerals by chanters

43.  Examples
Luzon
- Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocano)
- Ulalim (Kalinga)
- Ibalon or Handiong
(Bicolano)

44.  Examples
Visayas
- Hinilawod (Sulod)
Mindanao
- Darangen (Maranao)
- Tudbulol (T'boli)

45.  FABLE
– deals with animals and
inanimate beings made to speak
and act like rational beings and
teaching morals

46.  Examples
- The Monkey and the Turtle
- The Tortoise and the Hare
- The Lion and the Mouse
- The Country Mouse and the
City Mouse

47.  PARABLE
– a short allegorical story
designed to illustrate or teach
some truth, religious principle, or
moral lesson
- simple story used to illustrate a
moral or spiritual lesson

48.  Examples
- The Parable of the Good
Samaritan
- The Parable of the Prodigal Son
- The Parable of the Mustard
Seed

49.  Folk Songs
- lullaby
- war song
- love song
- courtship song
- drinking song
- songs of the dead

50.  LULLABY
– are sung to put children to
sleep
Example: Uyayi
Ili-Ili
Sa Ugoy ng Duyan

52.  WAR SONG
– a musical composition that
relates to war
Example: Kumintang

53.  LOVE SONG
– form or strengthen bonds
between lovers
Example: Kundiman (Sarung
Banggi)

54.  COURTSHIP SONG
– the kind of song used in
courting
Example: Harana or Serenade

55.  DRINKING SONG
– are sung during carousals
– often brief, always merry,
almost
hedonistic
Example: Tagay

56.  SONGS OF THE DEAD
– singing of dirges or
lamentations, in which the deeds
of the
dead are recounted
Example: Tagulaylay

57. QUIZ 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read each statement/
question carefully and choose the
letter of the correct answer. USE
CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY.
57

58. QUIZ 1
1. Which of the following is the writing
system of the early Filipino?
A. Alibata
B. Baybayin
C. Calligraphy
D. Hieroglyphs
58

59. QUIZ 1
2. Who modified the early Filipino
writing system?
A. Americans
B. Japanese
C. Malays
D. Spaniards
59

60. QUIZ 1
3. How many characters are there in
the pre-colonial writing system used
by early Filipinos?
A. 3
B. 14
C. 17
D. 26
60

61. QUIZ 1
4. He coined the erroneous term
Alibata in year 1921.
A. Paul Versosa
B. Paul Versoza
C. Paul Verzosa
D. Paul Verzoza
61

62. QUIZ 1
5. The following are introduced by
Deutero-Malays EXCEPT ONE.
A. boat building
B. jewelry-making
C. seafaring
D. system of writing
62

63. QUIZ 1
6. The following are folk speeches
EXCEPT ONE.
A. Chant
B. Idiom
C. Proverb
D. Riddle
63

64. QUIZ 1
7. What are fictional stories that try to
explain how things came to be
through the intervention of
supernatural beings?
A. Fables
B. Fairy tales
C. Legends
D. Myths 64

65. QUIZ 1
8. What folk narrative is Biag ni Lam-
ang?
A. Epic
B. Folktale
C. Myth
D. Parable
65

66. QUIZ 1
9. Which of the following is an
example of Philippine Myth?
A. The Ant and the Grasshopper
B. The Bakunawa and the 7 Moons
C. The Legend of Mayon Volcano
D. The Prodigal Son
66

67. QUIZ 1
10. What folk songs are sung during
carousals, often brief, always merry,
and almost self-indulgent?
A. courtship songs
B. drinking songs
C. love songs
D. war songs
67

68. QUIZ 1
11. What is a simple story used to
illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson?
A. Fable
B. Idiom
C. Parable
D. Riddle
68

69. QUIZ 1
12. Which is an example of lullaby?
A. Harana
B. Ili-Ili
C. Kundiman
D. Tagay
69

70. QUIZ 1
13. Oral literature continued by word
of mouth through the following
EXCEPT:
A. folk dance
B. folk narrative
C. folk song
D. folk speech 70

71. QUIZ 1
14. For “_____” sound, a kudlit or
mark is placed at the bottom of the
Baybayin character.
A. a
B. consonant
C. e-i
D. o-u
71

72. QUIZ 1
15. This idiom means “old.”
A. alog na ang baba
B. balat kalabaw
C. hawak sa leeg
D. lahing kuwago
72

73. QUIZ 1
1. B 6. A 11. C
2. D 7. D 12. B
3. C 8. A 13. A
4. C 9. B 14. D
5. C 10. B 15. A
73

74. ACTIVITY
– The class will be grouped (it will
depend on the class size how many
groups will be made)
– Each group needs to create their
own version of modern oral literature.

75. ACTIVITY
– The form of literature that each
group needs to accomplish varies
depending on the result of the draw
lots.