This document describes the design and implementation of an electric wheelchair that has the ability to climb stairs. It uses hydraulic jacks and electrical controls to raise the chair and maintain stability while climbing stairs of various angles. The chair is powered by batteries and can be controlled automatically or manually. It was designed to be simple, low-cost, and able to carry users weighing up to 90kg. The hydraulic jacks and angle sensors allow the chair to stabilize itself and climb stairs of standard dimensions found in homes and public buildings.
This document provides details on the final project assignment to design a stair-climbing wheelchair. It includes an introduction that identifies the problem of limited wheelchair mobility on stairs and describes potential solutions. Working drawings and analyses are presented, including assembly drawings, part drawings adhering to GD&T standards, a design analysis considering real-world constraints, and a finite element analysis of stresses on climber wheels.
Presentation on fabrication of a stair climbing vehicleShimanto Mohammad
Stair climbing robotic vehicles can be very efficient tools to speed up search and rescue operations. They should be quick and agile and, at the same time, be able to deal with rough terrain and even to climb stairs. This paper presents the implementation of a stair-climbing vehicle having a robotic arm fabricated not only for the rescue operations but also for any types of industrial application. When an object is taken in front of it, then it grips the object as well as can measure the weight of the objects and sort them according to the weight.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document summarizes the design, development, and testing of Pyra-AidTM, a device to help wheelchair users mount curbs and steps independently. It describes the inspiration for the project from observing mobility challenges faced by wheelchair users. Through consultation with users and organizations, key design criteria were identified. Three prototypes were developed and iteratively improved based on field testing feedback. The final Mark 3 prototype showed promising results in aiding curb mounting and had improved mass and cost efficiency over prior designs. Further testing and commercialization efforts were recommended.
This document outlines a proposal for designing an electrical wheelchair that can climb stairs. It discusses the need for such a wheelchair given many places are not wheelchair accessible. The main challenges are coordinating the sensors, motors, and movements to climb stairs safely. The proposal would involve market research on existing solutions, establishing design specifications considering safety and ergonomics, and a design process to enable the climbing movement. Sensors would synchronize the movements while climbing and descending stairs. With more resources, the goals are to produce a prototype and test it with patients to improve accessibility.
Jeff Carothers' mechanical design portfolio includes several projects from his undergraduate studies. For his thesis, he designed an omni-directional robot drive system called the Singularity Drive that could change direction instantly using three spherical wheels. He also designed an interactive yoga mat called Glow that teaches poses using LEDs and sensors. Additionally, his portfolio includes designs for an autonomous ball-collecting robot for a competition and a tightrope balancing robot using PID control.
This document provides details on the final project assignment to design a stair-climbing wheelchair. It includes an introduction that identifies the problem of limited wheelchair mobility on stairs and describes potential solutions. Working drawings and analyses are presented, including assembly drawings, part drawings adhering to GD&T standards, a design analysis considering real-world constraints, and a finite element analysis of stresses on climber wheels.
Presentation on fabrication of a stair climbing vehicleShimanto Mohammad
Stair climbing robotic vehicles can be very efficient tools to speed up search and rescue operations. They should be quick and agile and, at the same time, be able to deal with rough terrain and even to climb stairs. This paper presents the implementation of a stair-climbing vehicle having a robotic arm fabricated not only for the rescue operations but also for any types of industrial application. When an object is taken in front of it, then it grips the object as well as can measure the weight of the objects and sort them according to the weight.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document summarizes the design, development, and testing of Pyra-AidTM, a device to help wheelchair users mount curbs and steps independently. It describes the inspiration for the project from observing mobility challenges faced by wheelchair users. Through consultation with users and organizations, key design criteria were identified. Three prototypes were developed and iteratively improved based on field testing feedback. The final Mark 3 prototype showed promising results in aiding curb mounting and had improved mass and cost efficiency over prior designs. Further testing and commercialization efforts were recommended.
This document outlines a proposal for designing an electrical wheelchair that can climb stairs. It discusses the need for such a wheelchair given many places are not wheelchair accessible. The main challenges are coordinating the sensors, motors, and movements to climb stairs safely. The proposal would involve market research on existing solutions, establishing design specifications considering safety and ergonomics, and a design process to enable the climbing movement. Sensors would synchronize the movements while climbing and descending stairs. With more resources, the goals are to produce a prototype and test it with patients to improve accessibility.
Jeff Carothers' mechanical design portfolio includes several projects from his undergraduate studies. For his thesis, he designed an omni-directional robot drive system called the Singularity Drive that could change direction instantly using three spherical wheels. He also designed an interactive yoga mat called Glow that teaches poses using LEDs and sensors. Additionally, his portfolio includes designs for an autonomous ball-collecting robot for a competition and a tightrope balancing robot using PID control.
Intelligent Wheel Chair Using Gesture RecognitionIRJET Journal
This document describes an intelligent wheelchair that can be controlled using gesture recognition. It uses an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller along with sensors like a MEMS accelerometer for gesture input, DC motors to drive the wheels, obstacle detectors for collision avoidance, and an audio module to provide feedback to the user. The system aims to provide independent mobility to disabled users by allowing control of the wheelchair through gestures like tilting instead of manual operation. It can automatically stop if obstacles are detected and integrates other sensors like a heart rate monitor and oxygen saturation sensor for health monitoring of the user.
A rail gun uses electromagnetic forces to accelerate a conductive projectile down parallel rails. When a current is passed through the rails and projectile, it completes a circuit and generates a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with the current in the projectile via the Lorentz force, accelerating it down the rails away from the power supply. To achieve high velocities, rail guns require very large currents on the order of a million amps to generate sufficient force. While rail guns can accelerate projectiles to speeds much higher than conventional guns, challenges include managing the large amounts of heat generated during firing.
This document summarizes a student's final project report on improving the design of a car jack. The student conducted research on existing car jack designs and identified key issues like them requiring significant strength and energy to operate. The objective of the project was to redesign the car jack to be more functional and consider human factors. The student followed a process flow chart that included problem analysis, literature review, concept creation, testing, and conclusion. The scope was to design a 3-ton hydraulic car jack that optimizes human power usage by replacing the long arm with a foot pedal for easier operation. CAD drawings and testing of the new design were also part of the project scope.
Design and Fabrication of Lever Propelled WheelchairIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a lever propelled wheelchair. It aims to provide a lower-cost alternative to powered wheelchairs that requires less effort than conventional manual wheelchairs. The design uses bicycle wheels and a chain and sprocket mechanism connected to levers to propel the wheelchair. Calculations are shown to demonstrate that this design can achieve higher velocities than a conventional wheelchair with less effort. The wheelchair was successfully tested on smooth and rough terrain. The lever design offers mechanical advantages for indoor and outdoor use at a lower cost than advanced powered wheelchairs.
This document describes a treadmill bicycle that was designed and built by engineering students. The treadmill bicycle combines a treadmill and bicycle to allow users to exercise outdoors while running. When the user walks or runs on the treadmill belt, it engages with the rear bicycle wheel to propel the bike forward. The key components discussed include the treadmill belt, bicycle wheels, rollers to support the wheels, bearings, a flywheel, and sprockets. The working principle is that the user's movement on the treadmill belt provides rotation to the rear bicycle wheel, causing the treadmill bicycle to move forward while running. This device allows runners to exercise outdoors in a low-impact way.
1. Designed a Remote Controlled Luggage Carrier which can withstand up to 40 kg (88lb) load.
2. The design was tested on ANSYS to validate its safety for practical loading scenarios.
A mono wheel is a one-wheeled single track similar to uni cycle. However, instead of sitting above the outer cycle, the rider sits inside the wheel. The wheel is a ring, usually driven by uni-cycle which is pressed against to the outer wheel. It was designed as a single-passenger vehicle, or a multi-passenger vehicle has been built in 19th Century. Hand-cranked and pedal-powered mono wheels were built in the late 19th century; most built in the 20th century have been motorized. Some modern builders refer to these vehicles as the monocycle, though that term is used to describe motorized unicycles.
Design and fabrication of Automatic TrolleyAyush Rawat
A brief theory about design and fabrication of Automatic Trolley which is operated by motor and trolley frame is made by us and it is light weighted and fully compact easy to fold, assemble and disassemble with high strength.
This project report describes the development of a motorized multi-purpose machine capable of performing three machining operations - drilling, slotting, and shaping - in a single machine. The machine uses a drilling machine, bevel gears, and a cam mechanism to enable the different operations. It is a simple and low-cost design that reduces the space, time, and expenses required compared to using separate machines for each operation. The report provides details on the main components and operating mechanism of the machine.
This document is a thesis submitted by Cunxiang Nicole Mi for a Master's degree in Civil Engineering at UC Irvine in 2013. The thesis examines left-turn elimination to improve network performance. Chapter 1 provides a literature review on access management techniques like roundabouts, Michigan lefts, and displaced left-turns which aim to reduce conflict points at intersections. It also reviews conventional signal phasing and warrants for protected left turns. The motivation is that while left turns are a small volume, they cause significant delay and this research aims to study network impacts of left-turn elimination.
The document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic feeding mechanism for a power hacksaw machine. It was created by 4 students as their mini project to fulfill their Bachelor of Engineering degree requirements. The mechanism uses an AC motor, bearings, pulleys, a push button, square plate and shaft to automatically feed a bar into the power hacksaw machine at regular time intervals for improved accuracy and efficiency over manual feeding. The students modeled the mechanism in CATIA V5 and described the fabrication process and components in detail.
1. The document describes a 360 degree rotated gearbox trolley that can unload cargo in congested areas by rotating the trolley 360 degrees about its center using a worm and worm wheel mechanism.
2. A lead screw and universal joint allow the trolley to lift at any angle, providing flexibility for unloading. The modern alternative is a hydraulic system, but this design uses the lead screw for lifting.
3. The key components are the worm and worm gear for rotation, a lead screw, universal joint, and toggle jack for lifting. It was designed and tested to be more effective for unloading than commonly used methods.
MCHE 363 - Engineering Design final reportDaniel Newman
The document is a final design report for a project to design a lifting mechanism for a trash can containing cooked chicken halves. It summarizes 5 proposed designs: 1) a scissor lift, 2) a threaded rod lift, 3) a surgical tubing lift, 4) an inflatable bellows, and 5) a tripod. A selection matrix chooses the tripod design based on criteria like food safety, simplicity, cost, and maintenance. A prototype tripod is constructed and tested, failing under 225 pounds of weight. Strengthening the top plate is recommended to create a functional design meeting needs.
This document summarizes a student project to modify a go-kart gearbox to allow for full hand control operation for physically impaired drivers. The project objectives were to research available human motions, determine the optimal motion for controls, generate concept ideas, and 3D model the final design. Various control concepts were analyzed and a final concept using a thumb throttle, motorcycle brake levers for braking and clutching, and electronic push buttons for gear changing was developed. Future work could include optimizing the design, clarifying regulations, prototyping, and testing.
Design and fabrication of multi way hacksaw machine REPORT Eshver chandra
In this project work and effort has been made to develop a modernized multi way hacksaw machine and less stress full operation for cutting wood, metal and plastic materials. The aim of this work is to develop a hacksaw machine that will use a less effort to produce uniform cutting of PVC pipes, metals, wood. It is also done to show the performance difference between hand driven, pedal drive and multi way hacksaw machine. This model implies a conversion of rotary motion of swashplate to reciprocating motion of hacksaw blades, which is done by using Wobble Plate Mechanism. This motion is used for hacksaw machine; in this model we can operate multi hacksaws simultaneously. This model will overcome the traditional hacksaw machine which done material cutting of single piece at particular times interval and also fulfils the need of more material cutting accounts to mass production. This machine works significantly with minimum vibrations and jerks. Hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency. To achieve this goal the multi way hacksaw machine is developed.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
A Review Paper On 360 Degree Rotating Car Aided For ParkingIJSRED
This document summarizes a research paper on a 360 degree rotating car system for parking. The system uses spur gears and worm gears powered by DC motors to both lift and rotate a car. It allows cars to be parked in a small area by rotating them fully around on a lifting platform. The system aims to address issues with limited parking space in dense urban areas. A prototype was developed consisting of batteries, motors, gears and a lifting plate to demonstrate lifting and rotating a car 360 degrees to park it in a small space efficiently. The system was found to work satisfactorily and could help maximize parking capacity while minimizing required space.
Summer Training Report for National Engineers Limited for the engineers. Rajasthan Technical University Training format. Swami Keshwanand Institute of Technology (SKIT).
Design and fabrication of prototype of multipurpose machine for sheet metal o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Sheet metal is basically a thin sheet of metal by using several operations. Nowadays it has become one of the most
important and fundamental forms in metalworking.[10] the advantage of sheet metal is that it can be bent into variety of
desired shapes. Lots of everyday objects are being manufactured using sheet metal. Sheet metal is mainly used for various
aerodynamically shaped car bodies, airplane wings, architecture and many other applications.[9] dent removing/rolling, cutting
and v-grooving are the most widely used operations in the fabrication industry. The conventional machines could only carry out
any of the above operations simultaneously. If these operations can be done on a single machine, it would not only make work quite
easy and less tedious but also increases profitability .moreover, conventional machines are often hand operated for small scale industry
applications. Also the time taken on these separate machines that is the overall lead time decreases by making them power
operated, resulting in lower cost and higher productivity. Our project is to encompass these operations onto a single machine
successfully. Keywords: Sheet Metal, Rolling, Cutting, V-Grooving
Design and Fabrication of Lever Propelled WheelchairIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a lever-propelled wheelchair. Key points:
- The wheelchair uses bicycle wheels and a chain/sprocket mechanism connected to levers to propel the wheels, requiring less effort than conventional push rim wheelchairs.
- The lever design transmits force more efficiently to move the wheelchair, allowing it to be used indoors and outdoors on various surfaces.
- The wheelchair was designed and modeled using CREO software, then fabricated using welding and assembly of mild steel components. Calculations were performed to determine design specifications like torque and power requirements.
- The goal was to create an affordable and accessible alternative to power wheelchairs that requires less effort
This document provides details on the design and optimization of a wheelchair project. It begins with introducing different types of wheelchairs and discusses the necessity of optimizing wheelchair design to reduce user fatigue and injury risk. The objectives are outlined as designing a wheelchair that can travel long distances comfortably while being easy to operate and handle. A literature review covers studies on lever-propelled and all-terrain wheelchairs. The methodology and progress of the project optimization are then discussed.
MECHANICAL RAMP ATTACHMENT FOR WHEELCHAIRS TO CLIMB FOOTPATHS AND ELEVATED SU...IAEME Publication
This paper aims to tackle the problem of wheelchair bound personnel being unable
to climb footpaths due to the absence of ramps on many pavements. The paper
suggests a mechanical solution the problem that is simple yet effective in that it allows
a wheelchair user to independently climb footpaths with minimal or no assistance. The
design, which can be mounted onto any standard wheelchair, uses retractable control
rods and an inbuilt ramp to lay an inclined plane in front of the wheelchair when
needed, allowing the handicapped person to ascend or descend a step. This paper
delineates the function and construction of each component of the proposed system
and illustrates the same using both line diagrams and three dimensional computer
generated models. It also investigates the various materials available for the
construction of the device, whilst stating safety requirements and ensuring that the
design adheres to them. Finally, it ends by describing the mode of operation of the
device, and possibilities for future development of the design
Intelligent Wheel Chair Using Gesture RecognitionIRJET Journal
This document describes an intelligent wheelchair that can be controlled using gesture recognition. It uses an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller along with sensors like a MEMS accelerometer for gesture input, DC motors to drive the wheels, obstacle detectors for collision avoidance, and an audio module to provide feedback to the user. The system aims to provide independent mobility to disabled users by allowing control of the wheelchair through gestures like tilting instead of manual operation. It can automatically stop if obstacles are detected and integrates other sensors like a heart rate monitor and oxygen saturation sensor for health monitoring of the user.
A rail gun uses electromagnetic forces to accelerate a conductive projectile down parallel rails. When a current is passed through the rails and projectile, it completes a circuit and generates a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with the current in the projectile via the Lorentz force, accelerating it down the rails away from the power supply. To achieve high velocities, rail guns require very large currents on the order of a million amps to generate sufficient force. While rail guns can accelerate projectiles to speeds much higher than conventional guns, challenges include managing the large amounts of heat generated during firing.
This document summarizes a student's final project report on improving the design of a car jack. The student conducted research on existing car jack designs and identified key issues like them requiring significant strength and energy to operate. The objective of the project was to redesign the car jack to be more functional and consider human factors. The student followed a process flow chart that included problem analysis, literature review, concept creation, testing, and conclusion. The scope was to design a 3-ton hydraulic car jack that optimizes human power usage by replacing the long arm with a foot pedal for easier operation. CAD drawings and testing of the new design were also part of the project scope.
Design and Fabrication of Lever Propelled WheelchairIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a lever propelled wheelchair. It aims to provide a lower-cost alternative to powered wheelchairs that requires less effort than conventional manual wheelchairs. The design uses bicycle wheels and a chain and sprocket mechanism connected to levers to propel the wheelchair. Calculations are shown to demonstrate that this design can achieve higher velocities than a conventional wheelchair with less effort. The wheelchair was successfully tested on smooth and rough terrain. The lever design offers mechanical advantages for indoor and outdoor use at a lower cost than advanced powered wheelchairs.
This document describes a treadmill bicycle that was designed and built by engineering students. The treadmill bicycle combines a treadmill and bicycle to allow users to exercise outdoors while running. When the user walks or runs on the treadmill belt, it engages with the rear bicycle wheel to propel the bike forward. The key components discussed include the treadmill belt, bicycle wheels, rollers to support the wheels, bearings, a flywheel, and sprockets. The working principle is that the user's movement on the treadmill belt provides rotation to the rear bicycle wheel, causing the treadmill bicycle to move forward while running. This device allows runners to exercise outdoors in a low-impact way.
1. Designed a Remote Controlled Luggage Carrier which can withstand up to 40 kg (88lb) load.
2. The design was tested on ANSYS to validate its safety for practical loading scenarios.
A mono wheel is a one-wheeled single track similar to uni cycle. However, instead of sitting above the outer cycle, the rider sits inside the wheel. The wheel is a ring, usually driven by uni-cycle which is pressed against to the outer wheel. It was designed as a single-passenger vehicle, or a multi-passenger vehicle has been built in 19th Century. Hand-cranked and pedal-powered mono wheels were built in the late 19th century; most built in the 20th century have been motorized. Some modern builders refer to these vehicles as the monocycle, though that term is used to describe motorized unicycles.
Design and fabrication of Automatic TrolleyAyush Rawat
A brief theory about design and fabrication of Automatic Trolley which is operated by motor and trolley frame is made by us and it is light weighted and fully compact easy to fold, assemble and disassemble with high strength.
This project report describes the development of a motorized multi-purpose machine capable of performing three machining operations - drilling, slotting, and shaping - in a single machine. The machine uses a drilling machine, bevel gears, and a cam mechanism to enable the different operations. It is a simple and low-cost design that reduces the space, time, and expenses required compared to using separate machines for each operation. The report provides details on the main components and operating mechanism of the machine.
This document is a thesis submitted by Cunxiang Nicole Mi for a Master's degree in Civil Engineering at UC Irvine in 2013. The thesis examines left-turn elimination to improve network performance. Chapter 1 provides a literature review on access management techniques like roundabouts, Michigan lefts, and displaced left-turns which aim to reduce conflict points at intersections. It also reviews conventional signal phasing and warrants for protected left turns. The motivation is that while left turns are a small volume, they cause significant delay and this research aims to study network impacts of left-turn elimination.
The document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic feeding mechanism for a power hacksaw machine. It was created by 4 students as their mini project to fulfill their Bachelor of Engineering degree requirements. The mechanism uses an AC motor, bearings, pulleys, a push button, square plate and shaft to automatically feed a bar into the power hacksaw machine at regular time intervals for improved accuracy and efficiency over manual feeding. The students modeled the mechanism in CATIA V5 and described the fabrication process and components in detail.
1. The document describes a 360 degree rotated gearbox trolley that can unload cargo in congested areas by rotating the trolley 360 degrees about its center using a worm and worm wheel mechanism.
2. A lead screw and universal joint allow the trolley to lift at any angle, providing flexibility for unloading. The modern alternative is a hydraulic system, but this design uses the lead screw for lifting.
3. The key components are the worm and worm gear for rotation, a lead screw, universal joint, and toggle jack for lifting. It was designed and tested to be more effective for unloading than commonly used methods.
MCHE 363 - Engineering Design final reportDaniel Newman
The document is a final design report for a project to design a lifting mechanism for a trash can containing cooked chicken halves. It summarizes 5 proposed designs: 1) a scissor lift, 2) a threaded rod lift, 3) a surgical tubing lift, 4) an inflatable bellows, and 5) a tripod. A selection matrix chooses the tripod design based on criteria like food safety, simplicity, cost, and maintenance. A prototype tripod is constructed and tested, failing under 225 pounds of weight. Strengthening the top plate is recommended to create a functional design meeting needs.
This document summarizes a student project to modify a go-kart gearbox to allow for full hand control operation for physically impaired drivers. The project objectives were to research available human motions, determine the optimal motion for controls, generate concept ideas, and 3D model the final design. Various control concepts were analyzed and a final concept using a thumb throttle, motorcycle brake levers for braking and clutching, and electronic push buttons for gear changing was developed. Future work could include optimizing the design, clarifying regulations, prototyping, and testing.
Design and fabrication of multi way hacksaw machine REPORT Eshver chandra
In this project work and effort has been made to develop a modernized multi way hacksaw machine and less stress full operation for cutting wood, metal and plastic materials. The aim of this work is to develop a hacksaw machine that will use a less effort to produce uniform cutting of PVC pipes, metals, wood. It is also done to show the performance difference between hand driven, pedal drive and multi way hacksaw machine. This model implies a conversion of rotary motion of swashplate to reciprocating motion of hacksaw blades, which is done by using Wobble Plate Mechanism. This motion is used for hacksaw machine; in this model we can operate multi hacksaws simultaneously. This model will overcome the traditional hacksaw machine which done material cutting of single piece at particular times interval and also fulfils the need of more material cutting accounts to mass production. This machine works significantly with minimum vibrations and jerks. Hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency. To achieve this goal the multi way hacksaw machine is developed.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
A Review Paper On 360 Degree Rotating Car Aided For ParkingIJSRED
This document summarizes a research paper on a 360 degree rotating car system for parking. The system uses spur gears and worm gears powered by DC motors to both lift and rotate a car. It allows cars to be parked in a small area by rotating them fully around on a lifting platform. The system aims to address issues with limited parking space in dense urban areas. A prototype was developed consisting of batteries, motors, gears and a lifting plate to demonstrate lifting and rotating a car 360 degrees to park it in a small space efficiently. The system was found to work satisfactorily and could help maximize parking capacity while minimizing required space.
Summer Training Report for National Engineers Limited for the engineers. Rajasthan Technical University Training format. Swami Keshwanand Institute of Technology (SKIT).
Design and fabrication of prototype of multipurpose machine for sheet metal o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Sheet metal is basically a thin sheet of metal by using several operations. Nowadays it has become one of the most
important and fundamental forms in metalworking.[10] the advantage of sheet metal is that it can be bent into variety of
desired shapes. Lots of everyday objects are being manufactured using sheet metal. Sheet metal is mainly used for various
aerodynamically shaped car bodies, airplane wings, architecture and many other applications.[9] dent removing/rolling, cutting
and v-grooving are the most widely used operations in the fabrication industry. The conventional machines could only carry out
any of the above operations simultaneously. If these operations can be done on a single machine, it would not only make work quite
easy and less tedious but also increases profitability .moreover, conventional machines are often hand operated for small scale industry
applications. Also the time taken on these separate machines that is the overall lead time decreases by making them power
operated, resulting in lower cost and higher productivity. Our project is to encompass these operations onto a single machine
successfully. Keywords: Sheet Metal, Rolling, Cutting, V-Grooving
Design and Fabrication of Lever Propelled WheelchairIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a lever-propelled wheelchair. Key points:
- The wheelchair uses bicycle wheels and a chain/sprocket mechanism connected to levers to propel the wheels, requiring less effort than conventional push rim wheelchairs.
- The lever design transmits force more efficiently to move the wheelchair, allowing it to be used indoors and outdoors on various surfaces.
- The wheelchair was designed and modeled using CREO software, then fabricated using welding and assembly of mild steel components. Calculations were performed to determine design specifications like torque and power requirements.
- The goal was to create an affordable and accessible alternative to power wheelchairs that requires less effort
This document provides details on the design and optimization of a wheelchair project. It begins with introducing different types of wheelchairs and discusses the necessity of optimizing wheelchair design to reduce user fatigue and injury risk. The objectives are outlined as designing a wheelchair that can travel long distances comfortably while being easy to operate and handle. A literature review covers studies on lever-propelled and all-terrain wheelchairs. The methodology and progress of the project optimization are then discussed.
MECHANICAL RAMP ATTACHMENT FOR WHEELCHAIRS TO CLIMB FOOTPATHS AND ELEVATED SU...IAEME Publication
This paper aims to tackle the problem of wheelchair bound personnel being unable
to climb footpaths due to the absence of ramps on many pavements. The paper
suggests a mechanical solution the problem that is simple yet effective in that it allows
a wheelchair user to independently climb footpaths with minimal or no assistance. The
design, which can be mounted onto any standard wheelchair, uses retractable control
rods and an inbuilt ramp to lay an inclined plane in front of the wheelchair when
needed, allowing the handicapped person to ascend or descend a step. This paper
delineates the function and construction of each component of the proposed system
and illustrates the same using both line diagrams and three dimensional computer
generated models. It also investigates the various materials available for the
construction of the device, whilst stating safety requirements and ensuring that the
design adheres to them. Finally, it ends by describing the mode of operation of the
device, and possibilities for future development of the design
A REVIEW: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED 2 & 3- WHEELER ELECTRIC VEHICLEIRJET Journal
The document reviews the design and development of an integrated 2-wheel and 3-wheel electric vehicle. It discusses electric bicycles and wheelchairs, describing different types of each. It then examines considerations for designing an adaptable electric bike that can be used as a 2-wheeler or 3-wheeler depending on the needs and abilities of the user. Key components like the frame, motor, and battery selection are analyzed. The goal is to create a more inclusive design that provides mobility solutions for both disabled and non-disabled individuals.
Traditional manual wheelchairs require considerable use and control of both arms for operation, thus adaptations are required for individuals with asymmetrical use of their arms. Building upon previous projects, the goal of this project was to create an accessory, to be installed on a standard wheelchair, which would allow full control of the wheelchair with only one arm/hand while addressing areas lacking in commercial products and previous designs, such as manufacture ability, attendant control, user comfort and ergonomics. After preliminary testing and analysis of three one-arm propulsion designs, the project team developed a design for a removable, lever-operated accessory which could be adapted to fit a range of the most popular standard wheelchair models. The propulsion system, connected to the main lever by a coupler link, consists of a dual gear-pawl assembly in which the desired direction of motion is chosen by moving a shifter to engage one of the two gears press-fit around clutches, each of which allows motion in only one direction, either forward or reverse. By including a neutral pawl position in which neither clutch is engaged, this design allows an attendant to propel and control the chair.
Manufacturing of a Wheelchair Cum Stretcher for a Variety of UsesIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and manufacturing of a wheelchair that can be converted into a stretcher. It discusses the objectives of creating a device that allows easy transfer of patients between a bed and stretcher. The wheelchair-stretcher uses a rack and pinion mechanism whereby pulling levers transforms the chair into a stretcher. It is meant to improve patient mobility and transport. Key components include the chassis, rear wheels, casters, and folding mechanism that allows multiple stretchers to be compactly stored. Calculations are provided to analyze stresses on different parts and ensure the design can withstand the necessary loads. The wheelchair-stretcher is intended to benefit hospitals by more conveniently transferring impaired patients.
This document describes the design of an Automated Wheelchair Convertible Stretcher. It aims to reduce the effort required to transfer patients between wheelchairs and stretchers. The design allows a wheelchair to convert into a stretcher or vice versa through a gear mechanism powered by an electric motor. A literature review revealed existing concepts using hydraulic, pneumatic or electronic systems. The proposed design uses a simple gear mechanism to achieve the required motion in order to reduce costs. The conversion between wheelchair and stretcher modes can be operated easily and saves approximately 50% of space compared to separate wheelchair and stretcher products. The automated wheelchair convertible stretcher has the potential to be an efficient mobility aid in hospitals.
This document is a design report for a wheelchair modification project. It summarizes the team's initial design concept of adding a motor and control system to convert a manual wheelchair into an electric one. The final design uses brushless hub motors mounted on the wheelchair wheels to allow for folding. A split battery platform was also designed to not interfere with folding. The team stayed within their $750 budget, spending $716.79 to integrate the motor system and controls while keeping the wheelchair portable and easy to use. Some testing was done on components individually but not on the full integrated system before completion of the report.
Low Cost Self-assistive Voice Controlled Technology for Disabled PeopleIJMER
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Design And Implementation Electrical Wheel Chair For Disable Able To Stairs Climbing By Using Hydraulic Jack
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 7, Issue 3 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 82-92
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 82 | Page
Design And Implementation Electrical Wheel Chair For Disable
Able To Stairs Climbing By Using Hydraulic Jack
Abdal-RazakShehab, Ph.D.
Dept. of Electrical engineering, Kufa University, Republic of Iraq
Abstract:In this studying we present the designing and implementation of an electric chair for disabled
persons, has the ability to rise on stairs with automatic controlling. The chair can be controlled to move in all
directions and to raise the ramp and stairs with different degrees. The chair works with DC voltage source
(Battery) can be recharged to work for long times. The design suggested has suitable size to be used in streets
hospitals and home (width=88cm& length=125cm) also, can work with users weight reach to 90kg. It is also
economically suitable comparing with that in markets as the cost of normal wheelchair walk only on the planes
exceed 1300$, while our chair cost is about 600$ for one piece and this cost may be halved for a line of
production.
The stability problem solved in this studying using the hydraulic jacks with electrical controlling by
using the angle measuring devices. The previous studying and designs where of complex design and with high
cost while this design is specialized to be simple and of easy implementation .
Keywords: Design, Electrical Wheel Chair, Hydraulic Jack
I. Introduction
A chair with wheels designed as a replacement forwalking is known as wheel chair. This is used for
movement of physically disabled, elder people, childrenwho have difficulty and are unable to walk. This device
comes in many variations like self-propelled, propelledby the motor or with the help of an attendee to push
Figure 1shows the parts of rigid frame and Xframe wheel chair and its parts [1].
The disabled human are an important part of the society that should be given the humanity help to
increase their taking part in the practical and scientific fields. So that it becomes so necessary to work hard to
help this part of society to get better live.There are different means of help as the different disability types and
the varying needs of daily functions. May be the ability of movement is considered as the most important daily
functions which any human need it because it is the base to perform the different works , so that many means of
movement are prepared which used by the disabled by himself or by the others help to get its purpose.The
wheelchair is one of the most popular means and most activity to give the disabled human the wanted
movement.And for importunacy of this wheelchair for this part and for increasing the disabled comfort and to
make chair using more easer a great deal was taken to develop each part in it and many designs and inventions
were done with different speeds and the using way. Also an additional part where added to the chair to be used
in another maters as crossing the blocks.This method of drive gives a lower top speed than rear wheel drive
chairs, but offers agood turning capability. The drive wheels are in front of the center of gravity while therear
wheels are casters [2]. Various electric wheelchairs with computer-controlledmechanism have been developed
in the recent years such asNav-Chair” [3-4]. These electric wheelchairs may use a” broad variety of sensors such
as ultrasonic and infrared with several desired control devices such as joystick pressure pads, etc. in order to
provide ease and comfort [5]. Electric wheelchair systems integrated with customized usercan make the function
and controlling of a wheelchair muchsimpler and safer and make it more stable and handy fordisabled persons
[6, 16]. From the previous points the aim of this research is to develop the ability of the wheelchair by providing
the ability of raising a stairs with different slop angles and with automatic control by using two rubber tracks to
be connected between the wheels in such away becomes able to walk on stairs and low cost as compare with
previous studying and designs where of complex design and with high cost while this design is specialized to be
simple and of easy implementation.These controls helpalmost all categories of disabled persons to derive the
wheelchair easy and safe.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section IIoutlines a general idea of the overall system
operation. Thedetailed discussion of the system is giving in Section III. TheFurthermore, a discussion about
stability is also presented in fourth. Finally, electronic controlling circuit and the conclusionis presented in last
Section.
2. Design And Implementation Electrical Wheel Chair For Disable Able To Stairs Climbing By Using
Hydraulic Jack
www.iosrjournals.org 83 | Page
Fig. 1 Nomenclature of a rigid frame wheel chair
II. The wheelchair:
2-1: Types of wheelchairs:
There are many types of wheelchairs and every one designed for some purpose .Seating dimensions and cushion
characteristics tests and reporting techniques are covered in ISO standards 7176-7 and 16840-2 [7, 9],
and in general there are two kinds of wheelchairs:
1-Mechanical (Manual) wheel chair:
These kinds of chairs requires human potential to move, and if the disabled was tired or couldn’t push himself
by couching the two big wheels it is available to ask somebody to help him in moving chair but studies indicate
that wheelchair skills training for manual wheelchair users is efficacious, safe and practical[8] , it includes the
following types:
a. Standard Wheel Chair.
b. Folding Light Weight Wheel Chair.
c. Rigid frame wheel chair.
d. special positioning wheel chair.
2- Powered Wheel Chair
It's defined as a tool has wheels moved by a battery, and it's prepared for medical purposes to provide the
movement for disabled human.This type of wheelchairs contains a group of instruments and control devices in
such a way that the disabled use only his hand to give the chair an order to move forward or backward or in any
required direction, and it is two types :
1. Conventional Power Wheel Chair
This type have a base contains the motor and battery and four wheels at least in addition to chair system which
connected to the top of base . The wheelchair controlled by (Joystick) moved by hand. And this type usually has
heavy weight, and it classified into following:
a. Rear Drive Power Chair
b. Front Wheel Drive Power Chair
c. Mid- Wheel Drive Power Chair
2- Three or four wheels Scooter.
2-1: Disadvantages of wheelchair: The wheel chair is considered to be the best of the available instruments
to help the disabled as it provides a big freedom to move , but there are some problems makes its abilities
limited:
3. Design And Implementation Electrical Wheel Chair For Disable Able To Stairs Climbing By Using
Hydraulic Jack
www.iosrjournals.org 84 | Page
1. The user cannot walk with it for long distances without taking some break to take some rest.
2. It doesn’t have the ability to raise the curb.
3. The user couldn’t take the things from the high roofs and also couldn’t stand with the same level of the
speaker man.
4. The chair movement is so hard in the narrow places and it is impossible in the unpaved ways.
5. The user cannot move for the bed or any other place only with the other help.
III. Viewing For The Main Parts Of Machine
So as to give clear look for the machine we divide its part into the following:
3.1: the mechanical parts:
3-1-1: frame:
It is used to give the mechanical supporting for the machine as shown in figure (3).
It is designed from the iron so as to be strong enough to carry the desired weight (60-90) Kg.
Many shapes can be used for our design but the suitable one is that with very simple construction as
shown in figure below:
Figure (3) shows the frame of the base of chair
One disadvantage gained from last design is the high weight of this frame which must be small as
possible because this frame weight will be added to the net weight of the machine.
Another factor should discussed is the dimensions of the frame which also must be smaller as possible
to give the machine the ability for moving through the narrow places.
The world standard for the stairs is the following:
1. The width = 100cm (as minimum).
2. The slope = 45 degree ( as maximum).
3. The middle base of the stair =1 squared meter (as minimum).
It is clear that the width of the frame should be less than 1m,(say 90cm as an ordinary value).
As we say before the size of frame must be small as possible so that the length should be short, but for
stability purposes this length may be increased with limited range.
3-1-2: wheels:
After looking for the frame we see that we need four wheels with the following specifications:
1. Light weight: as its weight will be added to the total machine weight so that we can use the aluminum as
example for its light weight.
2. suitable diameter: and it is determined by two factors :
The ability of raising the normal stair with normal size (20*30) cm where the increasing in diameter will make
the rising on large stair more easer.
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B. The weight: as increasing in diameters will increasing the weight and that unwanted as discussed above.
3. Designed with some way to connect to the rubber track.
3-1-3: rubber truck:
Its function is to help the machine to raise the stairs in addition to the normal function of walking on
the plan places.
The rubber truck and according to its functions should has the following specifications:
1. With suitable length and width so as to be connected between each sided wheels.
2. Having friction factor make it able to be fixed on the slopes and stairs when the machine is stopping or
running.
3. Having enough strength to avoid its damage when drawing the heavy machine with the disabled human on
it.
4. it should has a teeth with the ground side to give the machine suitable friction with ground and prevent the
machine from falling .
3-1-4: medical chair:
All the previous parts will forming the base with each other, then a medical chair will be added on this
base to finish the mechanical part figure (5) shows the medical chair used in this research.
Figure(5)The medical chair used in this research
Many other designs of chairs can be used instead of this, but may that types of chair be harmful for the disabled
from the medical point of view especially that the disabled sitting for long time on this chair.The users are the
most knowledgeable about their own physical, social and cultural needs [10].
We chose the medical chair for the following reasons:
1. Its light weight( about 15 kg) and that will help us in two points :
a. It will reduce the total weight of the machine.
b. It will make the control more ease.
2. its low cost
3. it is suitable from the medical point of view.
4. it has very suitable size to be connected to the base .
3-3:Electromechanical parts:
3-3-1: Hydraulic electrical-Mechanical jack:
The main purpose of it is to control in the chair position and to generate the stability.
Stability is the main problem and it will discussed next in chapter.
The idea of hydraulic jack can be shown as in figure (6) below:
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Figure 6) the hydraulic jack working
3-2 electric part:
3-2-1: DC Motor:
As discussed before the drive (D.C) motor will help the disabled so as not to making any potential
except controlling the gear box, the of motor power are calculated with respect to the weights of patient and
our tool and considering the ramp of stair.
r
3- 2--2: Electric control circuit:
It controls the following parts:
1. The two DC motors.
2. Three hydraulic jacks.
IV. Stability
So as to make the chair rise the stairs we have to generate enough stability for it.
All the previous researches were focus on the stability problem, how to solve it and how can we get the
highest level of stability.In this section well see how the researches and companies find solution for this
problem and what are the disadvantage of their solutions and how we improve that studying to reach what we
have now.Static stability and overall dimensions, mass and turning space tests and reporting techniques are
covered in ISO standards 7176-1, 7176-5 and 7176-7 [7, 9].
4-1: Stability of bodies on slops
If we put a weight on a slope (either plane or stair) the body will be not stable and need enough friction
to stay as shown in figure (7) below:
If we produce enough friction with the surface the body will not fall down but, the real problem is that when the
shape of the weight is changed as shown in figure (8) below:
In this case the body is unbalanced and it couldn’t stay on stairs or slop so that we loss the stability here.We
have many methods to solve this problem as following:
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1- by changing the shape of body and trying to rearrange the weight in the total area with the same manner as
shown below:
by adding some fixing tool to fix the body as shown below:
And there are many other ideas well focus on these two ideas which explained in simple way.
4-2: solving stability problem
In this research we solve the stability problem by using the hydraulic jacks controlled by an electrical
circuit and angle measuring device.
4-2-1: controlling of the hydraulic jacks
In additional to the motors there are three hydraulic jacks to be controlled, so as to maintain the
stability as shown in figure (9) below:
Figure(9) shows the main part of the electric chair
4-2-2: the function of jacks
1.main jack(Ja):
the main jack is to lift the chair up and put it down as in figure (10) follow:
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Figure ( 10) shows the main jack function in the electric chair
2- stair jack(Ja):
the stair jack should lift it only from its forward part :
Figure( 11) shows the main part of the stair jack in electric chair
3-Angular jack(Ja):
the main purpose of it is to move the chair in forward and backward directions with an angle ( may
reach to 45 degree) .
Figure(12 ) shows the main function of the angular jack in electric chair
4-3: the working of hydraulic jacks:
In this part we will take the case when the chair rising a stair.
- at the normal operation on plane, the machine is in working due to the controlling gear box which can be
easily controlled by the disabled .
- when the machine face a stair , at the time machine touch the first stair of the stairs a push bottom
(working as a sensor) will be closedas shown below:
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Figure(13 ) the instant chair touch stairs
And according to this bottom the following should happen:
1. The left and right motors should turn off independently on the gear box situation.
2. The stair jack should turn on and lift the forward part of the chair as explained before.
3. After the stair jack works, the chair will not be perpendicular to the ground so that the angle measuring
device will work to turn the stair jack off and turn the chair to the forward direction and rebalance its self to
be perpendicular to ground again.
4. the chair jack will work again to lift the forward part of the chair and again the angle measuring device will
work again and so on until the forward wheel being on the first stair as shown below :
Figure(14) instant chair on the first step(stair jack is open)
- at the time the forward part reach the first stair the push bottom will turn on again and the following should
be happened:
1. the stair jack will enclose .
2. the motors turn on again and the machine continue to rise the stairs at the same time the chair arrange its
self-using the angle measuring device until reach the final stair .
- now, the machine going back in reverse operation and the same steps will occurs again .
The angular jack works and the chair back to be perpendicular to ground
V. Electronic Controllingcircuit
After we understand the movement of hydraulic jacks and the movement of the DC motors, we are
going to design suitable electric circuit to do that.
5-1: choosing suitable controlling method:
There are many ways to make this design an example given below:
1. by using the DC contactors : it is very useful way to control loads like motors but it has problem is the high
cost especially with high current ( may reach to 30A) .
2. by using the microcontroller : it is also good way to control but we have simple controlling and this way
usually used with the complex applications .
3. by using direct manual controlling : it is good way as its low cost but it has big disadvantage where the
disabled need long time and accuracy to learn its driving .
4. by using automatic controlling using power electronic devices (as diodes and SCR's ) : and we see that it is
the most suitable way for the following reasons :
a. its suitable cost.
b. It’s simple construction.
c. Its small size.
d. The availability of its component commercially.
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5-2: construction of the electric circuit
So as to simplifying the explanation of the circuit we divide it into small circuits that we joining it.
5-2-1: left and right motor control
If we connect the circuit as shown below:
Figure (15) the electric circuit for one motor
As we see the circuit similar to the full wave bridge rectifier but here we use the dc voltage source
directly.So as to run the motor in forward direction we should trigger T1&T4 together so that the current passing
from left to right in motor. Similarly, when we want to run the motor in reverse direction T2&T3 should be
triggered together so as to make the current passing from right to left in the motor. All that for only one motor
(left or right motor), but now we want to control them together so that two circuits similar to that in figure
should be used. Now, we design another circuit to control the triggering of the two circuits (left and right) as
shown below:
Figure(16) right and left D.C motor circuits
The control of triggering for the two circuits is shown below:
Figure(17) the electric circuit of trigger
Where:
IfL is the forward triggering current of left motor.
IfR is the forward triggering current of right motor.
IbL is the backward triggering current of left motor.
IbR is the backward triggering current of left motor.
The forward, backward, left & right pushes can be connected to form control gear box as show below:
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Figure (18) the gear box controller
5-2-2 : hydraulic jack control circuit
After we see the work of push bottom , it should be put as below:
1. As it turn the motors off , close attachment should be put through the current passing path (i.e. in series with
the two motors ) .
2. as it turn the stair jack on, open attachment should be put in the direction of the stair jack.
For hydraulic jacks, the following should occurs:
1. angular jack : it depends directly on the angular measuring device which is shown below :
Figure(19) the angle measuring device
When the chair moving backward W&A points contact and when the chair moving forward W&B points
contact and there is no contacting if the chair is perpendicular to ground. So that (WA) & (WB) will control the
movement of the angular jack with lengthen and shorten moving.
2. Main jack: its function is to prevent the touching of the chair with its base so that it work at the same time
with the angular jack so that (WA) & (WB) also controls the movement of the main jack .
3. Stair jack: said we said before it works and controlled by the push bottom.
5-2-3: the electric circuit of jacks:
According to the last section the electric circuit of jacks is shown below:
Figure( 20) the electric circuits of the jacks
Also, the push bottom must be in the direction of the motors passing current as shown below :
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Figure( 21) the modulated motors circuit
VI. Conclusions:
Clearly we can see the presented design is a very simple from a point view of implementation it is also
economically suitable comparing with that in markets as the cost of normal wheelchair walk only on the planes
exceed 1300$, while our chair cost is about 600$ for one piece and this cost may be halved for a line of
production.
The stability problem solved in this studying using the hydraulic jacks with electrical controlling and
using the angle measuring devices.
The previous studying and designs where of complex design and with high cost while this design is specialized
to be simple and of easy implementation.
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