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Eric Smalling
● Senior Developer Advocate @ Snyk
● Based in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas
● 20+ years enterprise software development
● 10+ years build/test/deploy automation (CI/CD)
● Docker user since 2013 (v0.6)
● Docker Captain
● CKA, CKAD & CKS Certified
@ericsmalling
Container Challenges
Historically, developers have
owned the security posture of their
own code and the libraries used.
Containers add security concerns
at the operating-system level such
as base-image selection, package
installation, user and file
permissions, and more.
Increased Scope of
Responsibility
These additional technologies used
to be owned by other teams such
as system engineers or middleware
teams. Many developers have
never had to deal with securing
these layers of the stack.
Lack of Expertise
While shifting security left adds
responsibilities to developer teams,
the business owners have
expectations that pipeline velocity
will not be negatively impacted.
Maintaining Velocity
Ownership of
developers
What does my service contain?
● Source code of my app
● 3rd party dependencies
● Dockerfile
● IaC files (eg. Terraform)
● K8s files
Enough Slides.
Demo Time!
Defence
in Depth
Further practices
and tech to
consider.
Images
Runtime
Kubernetes
Defence
in Depth
Further practices
and tech to
consider.
Images
Runtime
Kubernetes
Minimize Footprint
Don’t give hackers more tools to expand their exploits
Layer Housekeeping
Understand how layers work at build and run-time
Build strategies
Multi-Stage, repeatable builds, standardized labeling,
alternative tools
Secure Supply Chain
Know where images come from.
Only CI should push to registries.
Defence
in Depth
Further practices
and tech to
consider.
Images
Runtime
Kubernetes
Don’t run as root
You probably don’t need it.
Privileged Containers
You almost definitely don’t need it.
Drop capabilities
Most apps don’t need even Linux capabilities;
dropping all and allow only what’s needed.
Read Only Root Filesystem
Immutability makes exploiting your container harder.
Deploy from known sources
Pull from known registries only.
Defence
in Depth
Further practices
and tech to
consider.
Images
Runtime
Kubernetes
Secrets
Use them but make sure they’re encrypted and have
RBAC applied
RBAC
Hopefully everybody is using this.
SecurityContext
Much of the Runtime practices mentioned can be
enforced via SC
Network Policy
Start with zero-trust and add allow rules only as
necessary.
Enforcement
Use OPA (Gatekeeper), Kyverno, etc
Key Takeaways
Just like unit tests, fast, actionable
security feedback is critical.
Working security into a developer’s
workflow without slowing them
down drives adoption.
Feedback Loop
Giving developers tools that
provide actionable information can
allow them to deal with security
issues as they are introduced.
Empower developers
to be proactive
Implementing known secure
practices for building and running
your container images and IaC
configurations can mitigate
vulnerabilities that slip into
deployments as well as zero-day
vulnerabilities that may exist.
Defence in depth
References:
● Kubernetes SecurityContext Cheatsheet: https://snyk.co/udW5K
● Dockerfile Best Practices: https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/dockerfile_best-practices
● Using multi-stage builds: https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build
● OPA Gatekeeper: https://open-policy-agent.github.io/gatekeeper/website/docs
● Kyverno: https://kyverno.io
● PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and Future: https://kubernetes.io/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future
● CNCF Certification Curriculum: https://github.com/cncf/curriculum
● Snyk Kubernetes “Quick hit” videos: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ6IC7glz4-UA4uKQOhmAxh6Mhvr3m4g-
Thank you!
@ericsmalling

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KubeHuddle NA 2023 - Why should devs care about container security - Eric Smalling.pdf

  • 1.
  • 2. Eric Smalling ● Senior Developer Advocate @ Snyk ● Based in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas ● 20+ years enterprise software development ● 10+ years build/test/deploy automation (CI/CD) ● Docker user since 2013 (v0.6) ● Docker Captain ● CKA, CKAD & CKS Certified @ericsmalling
  • 3. Container Challenges Historically, developers have owned the security posture of their own code and the libraries used. Containers add security concerns at the operating-system level such as base-image selection, package installation, user and file permissions, and more. Increased Scope of Responsibility These additional technologies used to be owned by other teams such as system engineers or middleware teams. Many developers have never had to deal with securing these layers of the stack. Lack of Expertise While shifting security left adds responsibilities to developer teams, the business owners have expectations that pipeline velocity will not be negatively impacted. Maintaining Velocity
  • 4. Ownership of developers What does my service contain? ● Source code of my app ● 3rd party dependencies ● Dockerfile ● IaC files (eg. Terraform) ● K8s files
  • 6. Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes
  • 7. Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Minimize Footprint Don’t give hackers more tools to expand their exploits Layer Housekeeping Understand how layers work at build and run-time Build strategies Multi-Stage, repeatable builds, standardized labeling, alternative tools Secure Supply Chain Know where images come from. Only CI should push to registries.
  • 8. Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Don’t run as root You probably don’t need it. Privileged Containers You almost definitely don’t need it. Drop capabilities Most apps don’t need even Linux capabilities; dropping all and allow only what’s needed. Read Only Root Filesystem Immutability makes exploiting your container harder. Deploy from known sources Pull from known registries only.
  • 9. Defence in Depth Further practices and tech to consider. Images Runtime Kubernetes Secrets Use them but make sure they’re encrypted and have RBAC applied RBAC Hopefully everybody is using this. SecurityContext Much of the Runtime practices mentioned can be enforced via SC Network Policy Start with zero-trust and add allow rules only as necessary. Enforcement Use OPA (Gatekeeper), Kyverno, etc
  • 10. Key Takeaways Just like unit tests, fast, actionable security feedback is critical. Working security into a developer’s workflow without slowing them down drives adoption. Feedback Loop Giving developers tools that provide actionable information can allow them to deal with security issues as they are introduced. Empower developers to be proactive Implementing known secure practices for building and running your container images and IaC configurations can mitigate vulnerabilities that slip into deployments as well as zero-day vulnerabilities that may exist. Defence in depth
  • 11. References: ● Kubernetes SecurityContext Cheatsheet: https://snyk.co/udW5K ● Dockerfile Best Practices: https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/dockerfile_best-practices ● Using multi-stage builds: https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build ● OPA Gatekeeper: https://open-policy-agent.github.io/gatekeeper/website/docs ● Kyverno: https://kyverno.io ● PodSecurityPolicy Deprecation: Past, Present, and Future: https://kubernetes.io/blog/2021/04/06/podsecuritypolicy-deprecation-past-present-and-future ● CNCF Certification Curriculum: https://github.com/cncf/curriculum ● Snyk Kubernetes “Quick hit” videos: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ6IC7glz4-UA4uKQOhmAxh6Mhvr3m4g- Thank you! @ericsmalling