This MELAS Quiz was held on 12th March,2022 and hosted by Subhadra and Nitesh for Chakravyuh, 2022, the annual quizzing fest of Quintessence.
Quintessence is the Quizzing Society of Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi.
Prelims of General Category-The General Quiz researched and conducted by Quizzito-The Quiz Society of Gargi College on 8th February as part of High Q 2018- The Annual Quizzing Festival of Gargi College
This General Quiz was held by the pre-final years at the IIT Kharagpur Quiz club as a nod to the outgoing Governors of the year. This session was held on 15th May, 2021
Finals of the SHIT (Sports, History, India and Tech-Biz) Quiz conducted at El Dorado 21- The Quiz Fest of Conquiztadors- The Quiz Society of Sri Venkateswara College
Brainstorm'22 General Quiz Finals - BITS Goa Quiz Club | QM: Amogh DharmavaramBITS Goa Quiz Club
From Salman Rushdie to Lalit Modi, a crazy world we live in! BITS Goa Quiz Club, as part of Brainstorm'22, presents
General Quiz, a quiz that offers you the opportunity to show off that gen.IQ you've always had!!
Follow us:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bitsgoaquizclub/
Our quizzes: https://linktr.ee/bitsgoaquizclub
This MELAS Quiz was held on 12th March,2022 and hosted by Subhadra and Nitesh for Chakravyuh, 2022, the annual quizzing fest of Quintessence.
Quintessence is the Quizzing Society of Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi.
Prelims of General Category-The General Quiz researched and conducted by Quizzito-The Quiz Society of Gargi College on 8th February as part of High Q 2018- The Annual Quizzing Festival of Gargi College
This General Quiz was held by the pre-final years at the IIT Kharagpur Quiz club as a nod to the outgoing Governors of the year. This session was held on 15th May, 2021
Finals of the SHIT (Sports, History, India and Tech-Biz) Quiz conducted at El Dorado 21- The Quiz Fest of Conquiztadors- The Quiz Society of Sri Venkateswara College
Brainstorm'22 General Quiz Finals - BITS Goa Quiz Club | QM: Amogh DharmavaramBITS Goa Quiz Club
From Salman Rushdie to Lalit Modi, a crazy world we live in! BITS Goa Quiz Club, as part of Brainstorm'22, presents
General Quiz, a quiz that offers you the opportunity to show off that gen.IQ you've always had!!
Follow us:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bitsgoaquizclub/
Our quizzes: https://linktr.ee/bitsgoaquizclub
Open General Quiz on India by Prithwish Datta and Raktim Kumar Nag at QRIOSIY 2019, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.
The prelims cut-off was 17.5 and 3/3 on tie-break.
The results were:
FIRST - Piyush Kedia, Bhaskar Datta, Samrat Dutta
SECOND - Partha Abarki, Arindam Dutta, Debanjan Bose
THIRD - Samanway Banerjee, Jayashree Mohanka, Sanjay Mukherjee
Pitch Perfect, an intra-college quiz event by Quiz Club, IIT Patna was held on 11th-12th Oct 2021. The second quiz - Music Quiz was hosted on 12th October 2021. In between the melodies, the fine-tuned quiz of 25 questions was enjoyed by all.
April Quiz Festival by BQC team
Date: 09/04/2023
Venue: Hazra, Kolkata
Researched and Hosted : Rudra Chakraborty ( B.Tech, MBA)
Quiz master: 8240419581
Open General Quiz on India by Prithwish Datta and Raktim Kumar Nag at QRIOSIY 2019, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.
The prelims cut-off was 17.5 and 3/3 on tie-break.
The results were:
FIRST - Piyush Kedia, Bhaskar Datta, Samrat Dutta
SECOND - Partha Abarki, Arindam Dutta, Debanjan Bose
THIRD - Samanway Banerjee, Jayashree Mohanka, Sanjay Mukherjee
Pitch Perfect, an intra-college quiz event by Quiz Club, IIT Patna was held on 11th-12th Oct 2021. The second quiz - Music Quiz was hosted on 12th October 2021. In between the melodies, the fine-tuned quiz of 25 questions was enjoyed by all.
April Quiz Festival by BQC team
Date: 09/04/2023
Venue: Hazra, Kolkata
Researched and Hosted : Rudra Chakraborty ( B.Tech, MBA)
Quiz master: 8240419581
INCENDIUM- The FLAMES Quiz.
Conducted by Dhruba jyoti Barman and Pratyush Pran Sarma at Cotton College, Guwahati on 16th August as a part of the Independence day quiz fest.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
Koutuholi 2
1.
2. 26 Questions in A to Z format.
Letters of TIEBREAK i.e. (A,B,E,I,K,R,T) are starred which will
be checked to resolve tie(s).
8Teams + 1 all Pharm .Tech. team will qualify for the finale
Each Q carries 1 point.
QMs decision is final for the next 3 hrs.
3.
4.
5. 10th March
1.The Decades Quiz--- at CMC (3 pm )
2.General Quiz , Chemathlon--- JU (3:30 pm)
3.General Quiz, Metallix --- JU (3:30 pm)
14th March
Two U-25 quizzes at KPC Medical College
1.SpEnt Quiz
2.General Quiz ----- BY YOU KNOWWHO
6. 16-17th March
HERIATAGE QUIZ FESTIVAL
(4 quizzes-2 U-25 + 2 Open )
(HAIR, Pop-Cult AV , SpEnt , General)
18th March
TRIPLE THREAT 1.5 at CMC
(Open Bollywood + Open Gen )
19th March
MILIEU GENERAL QUIZ at Presi
8. In November 2006, the National
Geographic Channel aired episode two of
the Undiscovered History series about a
claim that A had survived , moved to New
Jersey, changed her name, remarried and
became Irene Craigmile Bolam (in pic).
However Irene denied all such claims.
Irene was misidentified as whom , who
achieved her claim to fame in 1928 , just
1 year after the ‘spirited’ male
counterpart achieved the same ?
9.
10. If the lesser known places to use this concept
to measure well being of a population
include :-
State of Sao Paulo , Brazil
University of Oregon
Seattle ,Washington
Which country is the most well known user of
this philosophy ?
11.
12. Sailendra Krishna Mitra , a typist from Konnagar
who used to work at Daw and Sons (Jewish
Condiment Makers) realized that Bengalis were
looking for something-too sweet, too oily, too
fiery and soon started his business.
Now there is a factory at Konnagar which is
situated at a road named after him.
What sobriquet did he earn for being the pioneer
of a certain business ?
13.
14.
15. It was founded when 10 villages in Srinagar
were relocated for establishing something
with the motto of ensuring the supply of
clean drinking water to Srinagar city.
What am I talking about , that got its current
status in 1981?
16.
17. What is the 5 letter word
for such edges of the roof
?
Hint :- Dripping of water
from these edges , is the
reason behind the
naming of a certain
secret practice
18.
19. In the next slide u will see a still from ‘Vanilla
Sky’ which is a tribute to a certain album
art.
Give me the album , whose creator made
headlines in 2016 after a shocking win.
20.
21.
22. Nawab Asad , who had lost the use of his
dentures , was looking for something pate
style, which needed no chewing yet
imparted the flavor of a fine _____.
Which food item was thus created ?
23.
24. The success of a series on
startups developed by the
web-based video content
companyTheViral Fever's
(TVF) named Pitchers
inspired Amazon to make a
web series on this guy ,
produced by Farhan Akhtar.
He was the former CEO of
what??
25.
26. At which Indian Institution can you find this Canvas
Graffiti ?
27.
28. Though he received his first acoustic guitar at
the age of 11 , he acquired the skill to play
well only at his college days and was a regular
performer at the local clubs.
When a certain Randy Sparks said-his original
last name "Deutschendorf" wouldn't fit
comfortably on a marquee , he changed that
to the capital of his favorite state.
Which ‘country boy’ am I talking about??
29.
30. If Crushing blow---blushing crow is an example
of spoonerism,
then what term , named after another culinary
item, first used by Douglas Hofstadter , refers
to-changing, respectively, the vowels or the final
consonants of two syllables, giving them a new
meaning?
Example :- Herbert Hoover to Hoobert Heever.
31.
32. Mr.Buckley , the mastermind behind this ,
had explained:- an unplanned pregnancy
and subsequent miscarriage that broke him
out of a “toxic” relationship that he had
been in in college– is the inspiration behind
this.
Which pop-culture phenomena am I hinting
at?
33.
34. Born in Dec,2017, this Okapi in the pic is the
newest entrant to the London Zoo .
Whom is it named after?
35.
36. ‘ONTHE MARGIN OF LOVE:- THE ________
SYNDROME (1959-1964)’ --- is a book
written byAbhijit Dutta.
What surname , pivotal behind a much
awaited win of a martial-art enthusiast ,
have I blanked out?
37.
38. Name of which carnivorous mammal had
stemmed from the Proto-Indo-European
language root – ‘wodr’ which also gave rise to
the English word-Water ?
39.
40. Though there is a belief that the character
whose name may remind u of a South
American dance form , uttered only three
words in the whole movie , he had another
dialogue to his credit-”chal be Janga , chidi ka
rani hain “ .
Which dialogue of the character made us
overlook all the other efforts he made??
41.
42. What is the 5-letter arabic word for
‘Foundation’ or ‘Base’ , which Bengalees
may misinterpret as-’Style’ ??
43.
44. The name of the food item S is an Arabic rendering
of Turkish word for 'turning', in reference to
the cooked nature of the meat, which turns around
an axis.
In a 2012 Superhero Movie’s ending , a character ,
played by R desired to celebrate by eating S.
This caused the surge in sales of S and thus, popularity
of the food item is termed ‘the R effect’.
R and S plz!
45.
46. What word in print
media was coined
when a
Pharmaceutical
Company named -
Burroughs
Wellcome & Co.
started to call their
compressed tablets
by this name ?
47.
48. Urban Dictionary definition of what ?
A place formerly used to find out about slang
, and now a place that teens with no life use
as a burn book to whine about celebrities,
their friends , etc., let out their sexual
frustrations, show off their
racist/sexist/homophobic/anti-(insert religion
here) opinions, troll , and babble about things
they know nothing about.
49.
50. What is the name of
the tiny island ,
located at the centre
of World’s Largest
Crater Lake , at the
TaalVolcano , which
may remind you of a
certain Pop-culture
gesture ?
51.
52. ‘Radha Kanhiya Ka Kissa’ is said to be the
first modern Urdu drama , written
sometime in the first half of 19th century .
Which patron of art , a favorite of QMs for
his unique posture was the writer of the
work?
53.
54. X , a paypal service , is a digital money
transfer provider that allows consumers to
send money, pay bills and reload mobile
phones from the United States to 52
countries.
If the 4-letter word is ‘largely’ known by a
different spelling , give me X.
61. Written 1 :- COLORS
Mixed Bag 1 :- 12 Qs
Written 2 :- List It(s)
Mixed Bag 2 :- 12 Qs
62. Rules:-
At least a part of the answer will contain a color’s
name unless specified.
+10 for each correct answer
Extra +10 for full house.
Total:-
4*10 + 10 = 50
63. Omar Syed , an Indian-American computer
engineer trained in AI , took inspiration from
a 1996 match and designed a new strategy
game in 2003. He designed this in such a way
that it would be difficult for computers to
play well, but would have rules simple
enough for his then 4 year old sonAamir and
named the game :- Arimaa (Aamir spelled
backwords) .
‘Who’ won that 1996 match??
64.
65.
66. X , translates to ‘milk’ in a certain language,
was a UK based musical duo active during
1994-2003.Their first single , ‘the time is now’
was their biggest hit.
Y , a , 1962 dystopian novel , which was
made into a movie of the same name is the
main inspiration behind the naming of X.
Give me X andY.
67.
68.
69. First published in 1814,
Werner’s Nomenclature
of Colors was the
preeminent guide to
color and its
classification.
Who was arguably the
most famous beneficiary
of this work??
70.
71.
72.
73. Back in 1903 , this artist made a trip to Italy.
When he visited Ravenna he saw the
Byzantine mosaics in the Church of San
Vitale.
Give me the artist.
What change did those designs bring in his
artworks??
4
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80. According to Dictionary.com one of the
meanings of X is-a person who provides routine
or custodial care temporarily or part-time, as
for an elderly person or a pet whose owner is on
vacation.
‘A Y’ is , uncannily, an anagram of what it is.
While people in this room will surely like Xs,
they might get irritated byYs.
Give me X andY , two rhyming words.
1
83. In the next slide , u will see Saint Sebastian , an early
Christian saint and Martyr , who was killed during the
Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of
Christians.
In April 1968 , a certain art director, George Lois ,
decided to depict X as Saint Sebastian after X’s refusal
towards more lucrative ‘career options’ .
George Lois is best known for being the art director
of what?
Give me X.
2
84.
85.
86.
87. The vehicle in the next slide was made in Kolkata back in 1909. U
can still find it at the Durbar Hall of Qilla Mubarak.
Though no official information is there about the insurance
amount ,it is said that the vehicle was duly insured using around 6
crore and taken to Delhi few years after Independence.
After serving its most famous purpose ,it was returned to its
owner.
Who was the owner?
For what purpose was it taken to Delhi?
3
88.
89.
90.
91. Waiting for the Argus: ________ _________ (X)andThe ____ __ ___
______ (Y) :-
On the twelfth day of the voyage, those who remained , were
astonished to see a vessel on the horizon. It was the
brig Argus, dispatched to search the shoal for the
lost ______. Jean Charles , the black sailor signaled Argus with
handkerchiefs.
However , the mirage disappeared, to the anguish of the
survivors; amazingly, it reappeared within hours and saved 15
remaining people.
Y is arguably the most famous depiction of the event and X is the
creator.
X andY.
4
92.
93.
94. A few months after he hit into fame, General Loan
was seriously wounded by machine gun fire that led
to the amputation of his leg and his picture hit the
world press again. Around 7 years after the incident ,
in 1975 , he went to US and started a Pizza shop
there. In 1991, he was forced into retirement when
publicity about his past led to a sharp declination in
business.
Eddie , the guy who made him (in)famous , told about
his last visit to the Pizza Parlor where he saw :- "We
know who you are, f****r“-written on the toilet wall.
Where have we seen General Loan ??
5
95.
96.
97. The little known fact about this very famous School
book topic , is that X had set up a ‘Gastric Juice
Factory’ near his working place to treat Dyspepsia. An
assistant was hired and paid thirty rubles a month to
oversee the facility i.e. collect the gastric juice.
The tonic treating dyspepsia was a big hit in his
country and by 1904, the venture was selling more
than three thousand flagons of gastric juice annually.
1. who is X?
2.What is the source of the gastric juice?
6
98.
99.
100. A bootleg album refers to an audio or video recording of a
performance that was not officially released by the artist
or under other legal authority.
In the next slide you will see a bootleg album, which
imitates the album art of a very famous album by an
English band.
1.Which album’s artwork had served as the inspiration
behind this artwork?
2.What is the name of this bootleg album , an apt
wordplay on another famous album by the same band?
7
101.
102.
103.
104. After receiving numerous requests to make the fourth
film of the series , the director who directed the
third film almost 12years after the 2nd installment ,
said :- making the fourth part without the much loved
lead pair is next to impossible .The only way to
continue the series is by introducing the sons of the
lead pair.
1.Which series is this?
2.Which element from the 2nd installment , had gave
director the idea to introduce sons of the lead pair?
8
105.
106.
107. After achieving first of a kind win in 2016 , the
36th edition of the Contest , Dave confirmed
that he has no biological relation with X.
He also said that like X , he is also fond of
fish , wine and women.
What Contest was this?
Why Dave’s win created Buzz?
9
108.
109.
110.
111. Moment after announcing retirement from his/her ‘field’ ,
X announced the desire to become a fashion designer.
At that time , the basketball team Indiana Pacers were
looking for a new jersey and thus, contacted X .
X said:- “They might be a little hesitant about it. But it
won't be something really outrageous. I wouldn't design
something like that for basketball players.”
However , the jerseys designed by X were the most iconic
ever used by Indiana Pacers and Pacer fans still miss the
jersey they used during 1990-91 to 1996-97.
Who was this fashion designer ?
10
112.
113.
114. Though it has been conjectured that the writer
got the name from a 1947 movie named-’Dear
Ruth’ starring Willian X and JoanY , the first
appearance of the character was in a short story
of 1945 named-”I am Crazy” .
In 2017 , a not so ‘phony’ lady named Barbara
Sinclair Benson said :- her uncle Lamont
Buchanan was the real inspiration behind the
character and claimed $15million.
Which character am I talking about?
11
115.
116.
117. The source of the company’s name is neither
Korean nor Japanese but German.
Shigemitsu was impressed with Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe's The Sorrows ofYoung
Werther (1774) and named his newly founded
company X after the character _________ .
Which company is this , which currently uses
the slogan :- “The sweetheart of your
mouth, X” .
12
118.
119.
120. 3 list its
+5 for each correct answer
Extra 5 for full house in each of the List Its
Extra 10 for an overall full house
121. Name all the Countries whose names start
with R (3)
122. Name all the movies where Sridevi and Big B
acted as the lead pair (3)
123. Tennis Stars who have won more than 20
grand slams (single slam) (3)
124. LIST IT 1 :- RUSSIA
ROMANIA
RWANDA
LIST IT 2 :- Aakhree Rashta
Khuda Gawah
Inquilab
LIST IT 3 :- Margaret Court
SerenaWilliams
Steffi Graff
125.
126. A _____ ______ is a road that appears on maps
but does not exist in reality. _____ _______
generally occur when city planners or
subdivision developers lay out and dedicate
roads that are never built.
Thus, the name of the brand is a clever play on
words and possibly a subtle clue about X's
imaginary nature.
Which brand , an inevitable part of Pop-culture
for the last 19 years is this??
13
127.
128.
129. The word was first used in Boston Gazette on
26th of March , 1812 when a redrawing
of Massachusetts state senate election
districts under Governor Elbridge was
performed.
The resultant map showed that the Boston
area was resembling the shape of a
mythological X.
Which word am I talking about?
14
130.
131.
132.
133. This stunt was performed in late 70s-early 80s majorly to
check whether his popularity was an accident.
He took the first name of the long running pseudonym
of crime author Donald. E. Westlake and added the first
part of one of his favorite band _______-Turner Overdrive
and made it up.
It didn’t enjoy a ‘LONG WALK’ because of a bookstore
clerk named Steve Brown cracked the riddle.
What am I talking about?
15
134.
135.
136. On 6th July,1774 , John Adams, founding father
and famed Massachusetts native, made the
switch to X after he renounced ___ _______ as
unpatriotic in a letter to his wife Abigail.
Although he stated in the letter that high level of
natural 1,3,7 tri methyl Xanthate’s availability
as the major reason , the actual reason is
something much bigger.
Give me X.
Which historical event triggered this change?
16
137.
138.
139. Aris Kindt (alias of AdriaanAdriaanszoon),
was a criminal convicted for armed robbery
and sentenced to death by hanging.
How , a then 26 year old Dutch , made this
criminal a must know name among quizzers
around 400 years ago??
17
140.
141.
142. This Hyderabadi batsman , whom Satya Nadella was a
fan of , achieved the record he is known for only in his 2nd
test in 1960 vs Australia.
Once he returned a bottle of Champagne sent by a
‘beautiful’ diva and later accepted when she delivered it
herself.
Who is the cricketer , about whom Gavaskar wrote in his
autobiography :- "one of the shrewdest cricketing brains in
the country“ and later paid tribute in a certain way?
Who was the Diva?
18
143.
144.
145. During 1798-1801 , when he was in Egypt , he found this
Indian GI tagged product there.The moment he saw it he
knew that this was a perfect gift for his beloved wife.
His wife after receiving it , described it as:- “Ugly and very
expensive, but light and warm”… But it was only a
matter of time as after two or three years her growing
passion resulted in her spending over 20,000 gold francs
for a single product . As time passed by she had collected
more than 400 of these items and even had them made
into clothes, coverlets, and pillows.
Who received the gift from whom?
What is the GI tagged product?
19
146.
147.
148. In the next slide you will see a self-portrait by
artist Matthew Hoffman at _________ Alley ,
a popular tourist attraction in downtown San
Luis Obispo, California.
FITB.
What material is used for making this
portrait?
20
149.
150.
151.
152. ‘The Desire’ was only the third ship to
circumnavigate the globe after
the Victoria of Ferdinand Magellan and
the Golden Hind of Francis Drake.
Captain John Davis was the 2nd captain of the
ship and he probably discovered an archipelago
in the South Atlantic Ocean whose name had
less plausibly come from the Anglo-Saxon term
for – ‘land held by Folk –right’ .
Which archipelago?
How did the archipelago pay tribute to the ship?
21
153.
154.
155. John Duncan Semple was a Scottish-
American runner, physical therapist, trainer, and
sports official.
Around 50 years ago , he gained world-wide
notoriety for preventing X from creating history.
In X’s words – ” “A big man, a huge man, with bared
teeth was set to pounce, and before I could react he
grabbed my shoulder and flung me back,” .
Whom was Semple trying to prevent?
22
156.
157.
158. The X effect is a cognitive bias in
which consumers place a disproportionately high
value on products they partially created.
This has been named so as :- The price is low for X
products largely because they take labor out of the
equation.
Give me X , which had been named after its creator
(who has died recently) , the farm where he grew up
and his hometown .
23
159.
160.
161. We all know about the
infamous Pearl Harbor
Attack .
What was it called during
the Planning Stage , which
makes it an apt last
question??
24