Kothari commision
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The Kothari Commission made several recommendations to promote equality of educational opportunity in India. It recommended that free education should be provided to all students regardless of caste, religion, or gender. It also suggested distributing books, playing kits, and scholarships to students for free. The commission emphasized the need for sufficient libraries and books in schools. It further recommended that university education should be free for meritorious students. The commission also highlighted the importance of women's education and proposed establishing women's schools and hostels as well as providing vocational training opportunities for women.
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on Friday, March 28, 2014, from 8:00 a.m. - 3:30 p.m.
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The Kothari Commission from 1964-1966 made several recommendations to reform the Indian education system. It recommended providing equal educational opportunities for all students regardless of caste, religion, or gender. It also emphasized developing democratic values and individual creativity in students. The commission sought to address issues like population growth, poverty, lack of educational resources and facilities in rural areas. It proposed measures like free education through higher secondary school, scholarships, libraries, and vocational training opportunities to improve access to education. It also recommended steps to promote the educational interests of socially disadvantaged groups like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
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Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
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Kothari commision
- 1. Kothari commission By Nitika Thareja nitikathareja577@gmail.com
- 2. EQUALITY OF EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES Article 45: Provision for free and compulsory education for children the state shall endeavour to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this constitution , for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.
- 3. NECESSITY OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Development of democratic value. Essential to ensure rapid advancement of a nation. Development of creativity within humans. Skilled and talented people come out for the welfare of society.
- 4. BARRIERS OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY Population explosion Poverty Costly teaching aids & book Problem of scholarship Lack of Sufficient hostel School distance from home
- 5. RECOMMENDATIONOF KOTHARI COMMISSIONON EQUALITYOF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY Equal opportunity to all (Caste, Religious, Gender etc.) Providing free education Distribute book, playing kit free of cost University education free for quality student Book bank in schools Library & sufficient book Scholarship
- 7. Previous committee National women education committee (1959) by Shreemati durgabai Deshmukh. 1959 Hansha mehta committee (1961) by Hansha mehta . 1961 Bhakta Batsalam committee (1963) by Sree Bhakta Batsalam ( C.M of Madras). 1963
- 8. Recommendation of Kothari commission for women education Organization of committee for women education ( central, state) Establishment of women school Establishment of women hostel Arrangement of equal curriculum Providing occupational scope for women Arrangement of fine Arts Not mandatory of home science Encouragement towards science subject Arrangement of vocational scope Full-time recruitment ( married women) Participation of women in many jobs