This document summarizes a workshop on balancing "hard investments" like infrastructure with "soft investments" like capacity development. It discusses the World Bank's approach of focusing on short-term results but also supporting longer-term capacity building. While infrastructure is important, many regions now face constraints on absorption capacity rather than financing. Effective capacity development requires flexible, adaptive management and blending hard and soft investments. More guidance is needed on how different capacity development instruments can best facilitate institutional change and support endogenous growth of knowledge and networks.