Knee Injuries: Introduction to injuries of main ligaments of knee and meniscus tear.

1. DHAVAL BAROT
STUDENT M.P.ED SEM-4
-:SUBJECT:-
MPCC-403 ATHLETIC CARE AND REHABILITATION
UNIT-4 COMMON REGIONAL INJURIES
TOPIC
Knee Injuries: Introduction to injuries of main ligaments
of knee and meniscus tear.
GUIDE
Dr. O.P.MISHRA

2. INDEX

3. INTRODUCTION
• Athletes knee ligament injuries are very common in
athletes who are involved both in contact and non-contact
Sports.
• The injury could be either direct due to collision with
another athlete or indirect due to rotation and twisting
injuries.
• road traffic accident Here the mechanism is usually
direct and could be due to a dashboard injury.
• Fall From height with a twisting force.

4. ANATOMY OF KNEE
The knee is made up of 4 main
structures:
A) Bones
B) Ligaments
C) Tendons
D) Cartilage

5. Ligaments
4 Major Ligaments
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

6. Cartilage
Articular (Hyaline)
Meniscal:-
Medial
Lateral

7. Common Knee Injuries
•Strains/Contusions
•Ligament injuries
•ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL
•Cartilage injuries
•Articular cartilage disorders
•Meniscal injuries
•Tendon injuries
•Quadriceps & Patellar Tendons
•Fractures/Dislocations

8. Ligament injuries
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
(ACL)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
(PCL)
Medial Collateral Ligament
(MCL)
Lateral Collateral Ligament
(LCL)
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9. • Tear or loss of function of the ACL
• Tear or loss of function of the PCL
• Tear or loss of function of the MCL
• Tear or loss of function of the LCL
Causes of Injury
•Twisting Knee Injury
(High energy)
•Fall from a ladder or
into a trench
•High energy direct blow
•Stepping into a hole
•Knee dislocation
•Penetrating trauma

10. Signs & Symptoms
•Pain
•Immediate Effusion
•Instability
•Mechanical Symptoms (popping,
clicking, locking)
Treatment
•“RICE”(rest, ice,
compression, elevation)
•Rehabilitation
•Bracing
•Modification of Activity

11. Meniscal Tears
Medial / Lateral meniscus
Tear of the meniscal cartilage in the medial or
lateral compartment of the knee
Causes of Injury
•Twisting injury to the
knee (low energy)
•Squatting down
•getting up from a
kneeling position
•Penetrating trauma

12. Signs & Symptoms
• severe pain
• joint locking
• limited movement of knee joint
• swelling
• inablity to stand on affected
limb
• popping or clicking within knee
Treatment
• Immediate abstinence from
weight bearing
• Rest
• Ice pack application
• Compression dressing
• Rehabilitation exercises

13. Conclusion
• The knee is an amazing structure, but it must
observe the laws of physics (biomechanics) to
maintain it’s integrity….. just like a bridge or
skyscraper.
• When abnormal or excessive forces (loads)
overcome a specific structure within the knee a
traumatic injury (failure) occurs.
• A basic understanding of the actual mechanisms
of injury (forces) that can (cannot) cause a specific
structure in the knee to fail can help determine if
a specific accident/event caused a medically
identified injury, (causation).