Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects male physical and cognitive development, occurring in approximately 1 in 500 males who are born with an extra X chromosome, giving them a 47,XXY chromosome pattern rather than the typical 46,XY pattern. Males with Klinefelter syndrome may experience delayed or incomplete puberty, infertility, and other physical traits that become apparent during adolescence due to a shortage of testosterone. While not inheritable, it can be treated through hormone replacement therapy such as testosterone injections to help promote typical physical development.