This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Management that examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. The article reviews definitions of CSR from various scholars, noting there is no universally agreed upon definition. It examines factors that contribute to CSR and explores how CSR may impact financial performance based on a company's contributions in its industry. The article also reviews research techniques used in similar studies. The summary provides key definitions and concepts discussed in the document to give an overview of the topic and goals of the article.
This document is a project report submitted by Rajpal Raju Saipogu to the University of Mumbai for their Master of Commerce program. The report analyzes the corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts of Vodafone, a major mobile network operator. It includes sections on the objectives, methodology, scope, literature review, and concept of CSR. The report will evaluate Vodafone's CSR strategy and assess customer awareness of its CSR initiatives through a survey. The primary data is collected from 30 Vodafone customers in India through a questionnaire.
Provisions for Corporate Social Responsibility in Companies Act, 2013RHIMRJ Journal
CSR as a concept has attracted worldwide attention and acquired a new resonance in the global economy Heightened
interest in CSR in recent years has stemmed from the advent of globalisation and international trade, which has reflected in
increased business complexity and new demands for enhanced transparency and corporate citizenship. Moreover, while
Governments have traditionally assumed the sole responsibility for the improvement of the living conditions of the population,
society’s needs have exceeded the capabilities of Governments to fulfill them. In this context, the spotlight is increasingly
turning to focus on the role of business in society and progressive companies are seeking to differentiate themselves through
engagement in what is referred to as CSR. The Companies Act, 2013 has taken one step ahead and introduced mandatory
provisions in the field of CSR. Though many believe that concerns on the new company law are manifold and it is a bold yet
not beautiful step. For instance, India Inc is concerned that the cost of board performance evaluation may outweigh the
benefits for many small companies in this regard. Also, it has concerns about the prospect of an over regulated regime and the
attendant scourge of corruption. Given the advantages and concerns on the new regulations introduced by the new Companies
Act, we all need to wait and watch once the companies start implementing the new provisions and therefore, the practical
aspects and implications will be evaluated thereafter.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An empirical investigation of managerial perceptions in indian organisations ...Dr. Madhu Verma
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the perceptions of CSR managers in Indian organizations towards corporate social responsibility after it became mandatory in India through legislation in 2013. The study involved surveying 163 CSR managers from 250 large Indian companies using questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that Indian organizations have embraced CSR and see it as important for community welfare and sustainability. While some still view CSR as costly, most managers recognized potential benefits like improved brand image and reputation. The study concluded there has been a shift from a traditional philanthropic view of CSR to more modern views that integrate CSR into business strategy to generate long-term value. However, the study was limited by only surveying CSR managers and not considering other potential influences on perceptions.
The role of workplace partnership strategies in employee management relationsAlexander Decker
This document discusses workplace partnership strategies and their role in employee-management relations. It begins by explaining that organizations aim to earn profits and develop strategies to do so, with one major concern being how to deal with employees. Workplace partnerships that consider both business and employee needs before decision-making have been shown to contribute to healthy relationships. The document then reviews literature on the evolution of industrial relations and interactions between employers, employees, and governments. It defines industrial relations and discusses factors like legislation, unions, and economic conditions that influence the quality of relations.
- The study examined the effects of coworker trust, transformational leadership, job stress, and employee silence on organizational cynicism during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- The study found that coworker trust and transformational leadership negatively impacted organizational cynicism, while job stress positively impacted organizational cynicism.
- Employee silence was found to strengthen the positive effect of job stress on organizational cynicism.
Employees’ expectations from csr the case of master studentsbarizah94
Employees' Expectations from CSR analyzes expectations of master's students regarding CSR activities of their employers. It finds that while students value training programs, they also care about societal issues. The study uses group discussions and a questionnaire with 150 graduate employees aged 21-28 working in Bucharest. It concludes this category wants good wages but also to feel proud of their employer's CSR efforts and societal involvement. However, for Romania where CSR is emerging, young employees may be the only group requesting employers address stakeholders beyond shareholders.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Management that examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. The article reviews definitions of CSR from various scholars, noting there is no universally agreed upon definition. It examines factors that contribute to CSR and explores how CSR may impact financial performance based on a company's contributions in its industry. The article also reviews research techniques used in similar studies. The summary provides key definitions and concepts discussed in the document to give an overview of the topic and goals of the article.
This document is a project report submitted by Rajpal Raju Saipogu to the University of Mumbai for their Master of Commerce program. The report analyzes the corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts of Vodafone, a major mobile network operator. It includes sections on the objectives, methodology, scope, literature review, and concept of CSR. The report will evaluate Vodafone's CSR strategy and assess customer awareness of its CSR initiatives through a survey. The primary data is collected from 30 Vodafone customers in India through a questionnaire.
Provisions for Corporate Social Responsibility in Companies Act, 2013RHIMRJ Journal
CSR as a concept has attracted worldwide attention and acquired a new resonance in the global economy Heightened
interest in CSR in recent years has stemmed from the advent of globalisation and international trade, which has reflected in
increased business complexity and new demands for enhanced transparency and corporate citizenship. Moreover, while
Governments have traditionally assumed the sole responsibility for the improvement of the living conditions of the population,
society’s needs have exceeded the capabilities of Governments to fulfill them. In this context, the spotlight is increasingly
turning to focus on the role of business in society and progressive companies are seeking to differentiate themselves through
engagement in what is referred to as CSR. The Companies Act, 2013 has taken one step ahead and introduced mandatory
provisions in the field of CSR. Though many believe that concerns on the new company law are manifold and it is a bold yet
not beautiful step. For instance, India Inc is concerned that the cost of board performance evaluation may outweigh the
benefits for many small companies in this regard. Also, it has concerns about the prospect of an over regulated regime and the
attendant scourge of corruption. Given the advantages and concerns on the new regulations introduced by the new Companies
Act, we all need to wait and watch once the companies start implementing the new provisions and therefore, the practical
aspects and implications will be evaluated thereafter.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An empirical investigation of managerial perceptions in indian organisations ...Dr. Madhu Verma
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the perceptions of CSR managers in Indian organizations towards corporate social responsibility after it became mandatory in India through legislation in 2013. The study involved surveying 163 CSR managers from 250 large Indian companies using questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that Indian organizations have embraced CSR and see it as important for community welfare and sustainability. While some still view CSR as costly, most managers recognized potential benefits like improved brand image and reputation. The study concluded there has been a shift from a traditional philanthropic view of CSR to more modern views that integrate CSR into business strategy to generate long-term value. However, the study was limited by only surveying CSR managers and not considering other potential influences on perceptions.
The role of workplace partnership strategies in employee management relationsAlexander Decker
This document discusses workplace partnership strategies and their role in employee-management relations. It begins by explaining that organizations aim to earn profits and develop strategies to do so, with one major concern being how to deal with employees. Workplace partnerships that consider both business and employee needs before decision-making have been shown to contribute to healthy relationships. The document then reviews literature on the evolution of industrial relations and interactions between employers, employees, and governments. It defines industrial relations and discusses factors like legislation, unions, and economic conditions that influence the quality of relations.
- The study examined the effects of coworker trust, transformational leadership, job stress, and employee silence on organizational cynicism during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- The study found that coworker trust and transformational leadership negatively impacted organizational cynicism, while job stress positively impacted organizational cynicism.
- Employee silence was found to strengthen the positive effect of job stress on organizational cynicism.
Employees’ expectations from csr the case of master studentsbarizah94
Employees' Expectations from CSR analyzes expectations of master's students regarding CSR activities of their employers. It finds that while students value training programs, they also care about societal issues. The study uses group discussions and a questionnaire with 150 graduate employees aged 21-28 working in Bucharest. It concludes this category wants good wages but also to feel proud of their employer's CSR efforts and societal involvement. However, for Romania where CSR is emerging, young employees may be the only group requesting employers address stakeholders beyond shareholders.
Arun Lakhani And Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)arunlakhani48
Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship or responsible business) is an outline of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active conformity with the spirit of the law, ethical standards and national or international norms. With some models, a firm's implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in "actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is necessary by law."
Determinants of CSR Disclosure: A Study on the Listed Fast Moving Consumer Go...inventionjournals
As the rising of the corporate social responsibilities (CSR) is becoming a concern since the millennium year, especially by large or public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia. However, there are not much of those companies willing to disclose their CSR information to the public. Therefore, this endeavour is to investigate the content of CSR in annual reports and examine the significant relationship between determinants and CSR disclosure of listed fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies in Bursa Malaysia. This is a quantitative research, which involve content analysis since it adopted annual reports as main data resources. CSR, financial, and organisation information are going to be extracted to reckon the relationships between the variables and CSR disclosure by using CSR index and multiple regression. Result based on the analysis indicated that only two variables were significantly correlated with the CSR disclosure, which namely profits earned and independent directors. The top three elements that the most disclosed by these companies are general philanthropy, community programs and employee welfare. This study is important and its helps company in business decision making as this provide the extent of CSR disclosure of the industry. In addition, this study can be as reference to other companies for future CSR implementation.
C.PARAMASIVAN ,PERIYAR EVR COLLEGE , TIRUCHIRAPPALLI Corporate social respons...chelliah paramasivan
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), with a focus on BHEL's Tiruchirappalli unit. It provides background on BHEL and defines key terms used to analyze CSR data. Tables show BHEL's total turnover, profit, and CSR spending from 2006-2013, with CSR amounts increasing from Rs. 37 million to over Rs. 37 billion over this period. Trend analysis finds CSR spending increased over 10,000% from 2006-2013. A second table presents similar data for just the Tiruchirappalli unit over the same period. The document reviews literature on CSR and lists many CSR activities undertaken by BHEL
This document provides an introduction and background for a study on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of ITC Limited, an Indian conglomerate, with a special focus on its E-Choupal initiative. The document outlines the research problem, objectives, and methodology for the study. It includes an index and lists of tables, graphs and images to be included. The study aims to examine how ITC's CSR activities, particularly E-Choupal, contribute to its success and serve as a model for effective CSR practices.
An insight into the corporate social responsibility in India and understanding its roots and how serious industries are towards performing their Responsibilities towards society.
This document summarizes an article on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India. It discusses that while CSR has been practiced for decades by some Indian companies, it remains in a developing stage overall in India. It faces issues like a lack of understanding, insufficiently trained personnel, limited coverage, and superficial promotion. The document then examines the current state of CSR in India, how companies approach it, and partnerships with NGOs. It outlines the objectives and research methodology of studying CSR issues and challenges in India. Key challenges identified include difficulties making a business case for CSR and integrating it into company values and practices. The document concludes by stating that CSR is an opportunity rather than a peripheral issue for businesses in India.
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India, including its dimensions and challenges. It begins by providing background on CSR and defining it as companies integrating social and environmental concerns voluntarily into their business operations and interactions with stakeholders. The document then examines drivers of CSR like demands for disclosure, customer and investor pressure. It outlines dimensions of CSR like economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities. Challenges of CSR in India are also summarized, such as lack of community participation, need to build local capacities, issues of transparency and non-availability of clear guidelines. Examples are provided of CSR practices by Indian companies Reliance and Tata.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses a report on factors motivating industry to take up environmental initiatives. It acknowledges support from various organizations for the project. Key motivational factors identified from interviews with participating organizations include cost savings, continuous improvement, staff alignment, CEO and upper management leadership, reputational gains, and compliance with regulation. Barriers to implementation identified include lack of these supports. The conclusion is that more businesses are recognizing environmental programs can be compatible with business objectives and strategic drivers.
The document discusses the relationship between business and society, and the importance of business ethics. It makes three key points:
1) Business and society are interdependent - business needs societal approval to survive long-term, and society relies on business for economic prosperity.
2) Unethical business practices may provide short-term gains but ultimately harm both business and society. Ethical businesses that serve all stakeholders have enjoyed long-term success.
3) In today's global environment, businesses can only grow by adopting ethical, socially responsible policies that benefit investors, customers, employees and communities. Maintaining transparency and treating all stakeholders fairly is essential for good corporate governance.
SMEs play a key role in developing economies by providing employment, income, and helping to address problems like poverty and unemployment. However, SMEs in developing countries face many challenges to their growth and performance, such as limited access to financing, lack of infrastructure, operating informally without formal registration, and burdensome regulations and taxes. Addressing these challenges through improved access to capital, development of infrastructure, promotion of formalization, and supportive regulations and tax policies could help SMEs in developing countries enhance their contributions to economic development.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses factors that affect firm value for public manufacturing firms in Indonesia, including social responsibility, corporate governance, company size, and profitability. It provides background on the relationship between these factors and firm value based on prior literature. Theoretical frameworks discussed that may explain these relationships include agency theory, stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, positive accounting theory, and signaling theory. The purpose of the study is to develop a new model of the relationships between these exogenous, intervening, and endogenous variables based on these theories and prior empirical research.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The purpose of business is to make money. However, the profit motive is sometimes viewed as less than virtuous because it emphasizes self-interest. Nevertheless, self-interest is not the same as selfishness, which emphasizes one's own interests at others' expense. Self interest is simply a concern for financial reward and is arguably necessary if society is to be maximally productive and efficiently allocate its resources. Business is an inseparable and embedded part of the society. In addition to its economic role in society, business also has several other roles and responsibilities towards society viz. responsible conduct of business activities while pursuing economic gains; the social and environmental responsibilities of the business towards its stakeholders; and business’s contributions that would benefit the society at large. Companies around the globe are recognizing the importance of engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that is crucial to their survival and growth. It is evident that when an organization integrates appropriate CSR practices in its strategy that embed the societal and environmental concerns, these practices undoubtedly bring tangible benefits to the business along with a sustainable competitive advantage.
A Study Of Corporate Social Responsibility And Its Impact On Performance Of C...Joe Andelija
This document provides an introduction and theoretical background for a thesis titled "A Study of Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Impact on the Performance of Corporate Sectors." It discusses the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and performance, including definitions, frameworks, and theories. The objectives of the study are outlined as 1) operationalizing CSR in the Indian context, 2) developing a tool to study CSR in organizations, 3) studying organizational performance, and 4) examining the impact of CSR on performance.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND EDUCATION SECTOR: ISSUES AND REMEDIES IAEME Publication
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the education sector in India. It provides background on the need for CSR in education due to issues like poverty limiting access. The document then discusses some key issues with CSR implementation, like a lack of consensus and transparency. It also outlines some CSR strategies and initiatives companies have taken in education, such as building schools, offering scholarships, and increasing access through infrastructure and awareness programs. The goal of the document is to explore the role of educational institutions and companies in promoting education through various CSR activities and strategies.
A Study Of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices And Its Effect On SocietyPedro Craggett
This document summarizes a study on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of telecom companies in Afghanistan and their impact on society. The study examines CSR activities of six major telecom companies in areas like education, health, sports and environmental protection. It reviews literature on CSR theories and models. The objectives are to understand CSR practices in the Afghan telecom sector, examine their effect on society, and suggest a CSR model for private firms. The document provides background on CSR and reviews key CSR theories including stakeholder theory, triple bottom line theory and resource-based view theory. It also discusses models of CSR proposed in previous studies.
Adapting corporate social responsibility programs to risk management a model...Alexander Decker
This document discusses how corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs can be adapted to risk management for multinational organizations in Nigeria. It defines CSR as a company's efforts to consider social and environmental concerns in decision-making along with increasing positive societal impact. The document recommends that organizational leaders proactively manage risks and leverage CSR programs and opportunities in the environment to improve stakeholder engagement and reputation. Integrating learnings from CSR into risk management can help companies better address risks and impacts of their economic, social, and environmental activities.
Consumer attitude towards corporate social responsibility practices in bangla...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on consumer attitudes towards corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of Grameenphone Ltd., a major telecommunications company in Bangladesh. The study found that CSR practices positively impacted the environment, subscribers, and other stakeholders. Key factors influencing Grameenphone's CSR included competition, subscriber demands, government policy, worker welfare, organizational culture, service quality, environmental issues, and legal requirements. Many respondents believed that Grameenphone considers issues like health, education, and the environment, not just profits.
Arun Lakhani And Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)arunlakhani48
Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship or responsible business) is an outline of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active conformity with the spirit of the law, ethical standards and national or international norms. With some models, a firm's implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in "actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is necessary by law."
Determinants of CSR Disclosure: A Study on the Listed Fast Moving Consumer Go...inventionjournals
As the rising of the corporate social responsibilities (CSR) is becoming a concern since the millennium year, especially by large or public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia. However, there are not much of those companies willing to disclose their CSR information to the public. Therefore, this endeavour is to investigate the content of CSR in annual reports and examine the significant relationship between determinants and CSR disclosure of listed fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies in Bursa Malaysia. This is a quantitative research, which involve content analysis since it adopted annual reports as main data resources. CSR, financial, and organisation information are going to be extracted to reckon the relationships between the variables and CSR disclosure by using CSR index and multiple regression. Result based on the analysis indicated that only two variables were significantly correlated with the CSR disclosure, which namely profits earned and independent directors. The top three elements that the most disclosed by these companies are general philanthropy, community programs and employee welfare. This study is important and its helps company in business decision making as this provide the extent of CSR disclosure of the industry. In addition, this study can be as reference to other companies for future CSR implementation.
C.PARAMASIVAN ,PERIYAR EVR COLLEGE , TIRUCHIRAPPALLI Corporate social respons...chelliah paramasivan
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), with a focus on BHEL's Tiruchirappalli unit. It provides background on BHEL and defines key terms used to analyze CSR data. Tables show BHEL's total turnover, profit, and CSR spending from 2006-2013, with CSR amounts increasing from Rs. 37 million to over Rs. 37 billion over this period. Trend analysis finds CSR spending increased over 10,000% from 2006-2013. A second table presents similar data for just the Tiruchirappalli unit over the same period. The document reviews literature on CSR and lists many CSR activities undertaken by BHEL
This document provides an introduction and background for a study on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of ITC Limited, an Indian conglomerate, with a special focus on its E-Choupal initiative. The document outlines the research problem, objectives, and methodology for the study. It includes an index and lists of tables, graphs and images to be included. The study aims to examine how ITC's CSR activities, particularly E-Choupal, contribute to its success and serve as a model for effective CSR practices.
An insight into the corporate social responsibility in India and understanding its roots and how serious industries are towards performing their Responsibilities towards society.
This document summarizes an article on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India. It discusses that while CSR has been practiced for decades by some Indian companies, it remains in a developing stage overall in India. It faces issues like a lack of understanding, insufficiently trained personnel, limited coverage, and superficial promotion. The document then examines the current state of CSR in India, how companies approach it, and partnerships with NGOs. It outlines the objectives and research methodology of studying CSR issues and challenges in India. Key challenges identified include difficulties making a business case for CSR and integrating it into company values and practices. The document concludes by stating that CSR is an opportunity rather than a peripheral issue for businesses in India.
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India, including its dimensions and challenges. It begins by providing background on CSR and defining it as companies integrating social and environmental concerns voluntarily into their business operations and interactions with stakeholders. The document then examines drivers of CSR like demands for disclosure, customer and investor pressure. It outlines dimensions of CSR like economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities. Challenges of CSR in India are also summarized, such as lack of community participation, need to build local capacities, issues of transparency and non-availability of clear guidelines. Examples are provided of CSR practices by Indian companies Reliance and Tata.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses a report on factors motivating industry to take up environmental initiatives. It acknowledges support from various organizations for the project. Key motivational factors identified from interviews with participating organizations include cost savings, continuous improvement, staff alignment, CEO and upper management leadership, reputational gains, and compliance with regulation. Barriers to implementation identified include lack of these supports. The conclusion is that more businesses are recognizing environmental programs can be compatible with business objectives and strategic drivers.
The document discusses the relationship between business and society, and the importance of business ethics. It makes three key points:
1) Business and society are interdependent - business needs societal approval to survive long-term, and society relies on business for economic prosperity.
2) Unethical business practices may provide short-term gains but ultimately harm both business and society. Ethical businesses that serve all stakeholders have enjoyed long-term success.
3) In today's global environment, businesses can only grow by adopting ethical, socially responsible policies that benefit investors, customers, employees and communities. Maintaining transparency and treating all stakeholders fairly is essential for good corporate governance.
SMEs play a key role in developing economies by providing employment, income, and helping to address problems like poverty and unemployment. However, SMEs in developing countries face many challenges to their growth and performance, such as limited access to financing, lack of infrastructure, operating informally without formal registration, and burdensome regulations and taxes. Addressing these challenges through improved access to capital, development of infrastructure, promotion of formalization, and supportive regulations and tax policies could help SMEs in developing countries enhance their contributions to economic development.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses factors that affect firm value for public manufacturing firms in Indonesia, including social responsibility, corporate governance, company size, and profitability. It provides background on the relationship between these factors and firm value based on prior literature. Theoretical frameworks discussed that may explain these relationships include agency theory, stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, positive accounting theory, and signaling theory. The purpose of the study is to develop a new model of the relationships between these exogenous, intervening, and endogenous variables based on these theories and prior empirical research.
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The purpose of business is to make money. However, the profit motive is sometimes viewed as less than virtuous because it emphasizes self-interest. Nevertheless, self-interest is not the same as selfishness, which emphasizes one's own interests at others' expense. Self interest is simply a concern for financial reward and is arguably necessary if society is to be maximally productive and efficiently allocate its resources. Business is an inseparable and embedded part of the society. In addition to its economic role in society, business also has several other roles and responsibilities towards society viz. responsible conduct of business activities while pursuing economic gains; the social and environmental responsibilities of the business towards its stakeholders; and business’s contributions that would benefit the society at large. Companies around the globe are recognizing the importance of engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that is crucial to their survival and growth. It is evident that when an organization integrates appropriate CSR practices in its strategy that embed the societal and environmental concerns, these practices undoubtedly bring tangible benefits to the business along with a sustainable competitive advantage.
A Study Of Corporate Social Responsibility And Its Impact On Performance Of C...Joe Andelija
This document provides an introduction and theoretical background for a thesis titled "A Study of Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Impact on the Performance of Corporate Sectors." It discusses the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and performance, including definitions, frameworks, and theories. The objectives of the study are outlined as 1) operationalizing CSR in the Indian context, 2) developing a tool to study CSR in organizations, 3) studying organizational performance, and 4) examining the impact of CSR on performance.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND EDUCATION SECTOR: ISSUES AND REMEDIES IAEME Publication
This document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the education sector in India. It provides background on the need for CSR in education due to issues like poverty limiting access. The document then discusses some key issues with CSR implementation, like a lack of consensus and transparency. It also outlines some CSR strategies and initiatives companies have taken in education, such as building schools, offering scholarships, and increasing access through infrastructure and awareness programs. The goal of the document is to explore the role of educational institutions and companies in promoting education through various CSR activities and strategies.
A Study Of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices And Its Effect On SocietyPedro Craggett
This document summarizes a study on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of telecom companies in Afghanistan and their impact on society. The study examines CSR activities of six major telecom companies in areas like education, health, sports and environmental protection. It reviews literature on CSR theories and models. The objectives are to understand CSR practices in the Afghan telecom sector, examine their effect on society, and suggest a CSR model for private firms. The document provides background on CSR and reviews key CSR theories including stakeholder theory, triple bottom line theory and resource-based view theory. It also discusses models of CSR proposed in previous studies.
Adapting corporate social responsibility programs to risk management a model...Alexander Decker
This document discusses how corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs can be adapted to risk management for multinational organizations in Nigeria. It defines CSR as a company's efforts to consider social and environmental concerns in decision-making along with increasing positive societal impact. The document recommends that organizational leaders proactively manage risks and leverage CSR programs and opportunities in the environment to improve stakeholder engagement and reputation. Integrating learnings from CSR into risk management can help companies better address risks and impacts of their economic, social, and environmental activities.
Consumer attitude towards corporate social responsibility practices in bangla...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on consumer attitudes towards corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of Grameenphone Ltd., a major telecommunications company in Bangladesh. The study found that CSR practices positively impacted the environment, subscribers, and other stakeholders. Key factors influencing Grameenphone's CSR included competition, subscriber demands, government policy, worker welfare, organizational culture, service quality, environmental issues, and legal requirements. Many respondents believed that Grameenphone considers issues like health, education, and the environment, not just profits.
Corporate Social Responsibility Practice of Nickel Mining Company for Commun...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
This document is a final examination paper for a DBA course on advanced good governance and corporate social responsibility. It discusses good governance in education and defines it as a set of responsibilities and procedures exercised by institutions to provide strategic direction and ensure educational objectives are achieved through effective resource use, accountability, and participatory decision-making. The paper also discusses the principles of corporate social responsibility for maritime training centers in the Philippines and the need to consider social and environmental impacts alongside economic and business interests. It addresses the "triple bottom line" of corporate social responsibility encompassing economic, environmental and social factors.
This document summarizes research on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance. It reviews definitions of CSR from various scholars, with no universally agreed upon definition. It also examines factors that contribute to CSR like community involvement, employee treatment, and environmental initiatives. The document discusses theories on the relationship between CSR and financial performance, citing literature that argues for both positive and negative relationships. It analyzes several studies that have attempted to empirically test the relationship but have found mixed or inconclusive results.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Management that examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. The article reviews definitions of CSR from various scholars, noting there is no universally agreed upon definition. It examines factors that contribute to CSR and explores how CSR may impact financial performance based on a company's contributions in its industry. The article also reviews research techniques used in similar studies. The summary provides context on the journal, identifies the topic and objectives of the article, and briefly discusses what information it contains to give an overall understanding of the document.
CSR Practices by Private University-A Study on Leading University Sylhet, Ban...IOSRJBM
The main purpose of doing business for any organization is to earn profit. But only profit motive does not make a firm or organization long term sustainable. Now- a- day’s organization does not only busy with profit making but they are more concern for social development also. In that case as an institution education sector also not sit idle they are also involve in social development. They think themselves as a valuable member of the society. As are doing their business activities within the society and the entire stakeholder are from society, so it is impossible to ignore their contribution. The aim of this paper is to explore how academic institutions practices Corporate Social responsibilities in Bangladesh. For this Leading University has been chosen in this case because it does not only provide the quality education and fulfill the academic needs not only in Sylhet but also across the Sylhet. Leading university think along with providing quality education, social development is essential. In keeping with global evolution CSR has gained a lot of attention. It is one of the important mechanisms that affect society positively and develop relationship with stakeholders. CSR not only help leading university to gain the competitive advantages but also help to gain good image. As well as students also gain practical experience of their study of CSR course.
Corporate social responsibility_csr_overKush Juthani
1. The document discusses corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives taken by various companies in India. It provides examples of CSR programs focused on areas like farmer development, education, healthcare, and community development.
2. Many large Indian companies and corporations are recognizing CSR as an important part of their business strategy and are engaging in long-term, sustainable CSR programs in partnership with NGOs and local communities.
3. Examples of leading CSR programs mentioned include ITC's farmer development programs, IT companies like TCS and Wipro developing educational software, and companies like Aptech, Infosys Foundation, and Jubilant Organosys running schools, hospitals, and health programs.
Stakeholder pressures created the legal implications to the companies for the CSR activities and its reporting. CSR is gaining the importance in the field of research. The aim of the study is to provide the review of the development in the field of CSR. The analysis is carried out to understand the areas of the researches in CSR. In total 95 studies from various countries are selected. It is carried out by explaining various studies in the field of CSR to know the definition, the areas of researches and research methods used.
11.vol 0003www.iiste.org call for paper no 2 pp 160-179Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that studied sustainability disclosure among Malaysian Shariah-compliant listed companies through web reporting. The study used an Islamicity Disclosure Index to analyze content on companies' websites. The results showed that sustainability disclosure was highest for corporate governance themes, followed by social/environmental themes, but Shariah compliance items were not clearly disclosed. Contrary to expectations, most information was linked to annual reports rather than fully disclosed on websites.
Analysis of the effects of economic corporate social responsibility on financ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect economic corporate social responsibility on Financial performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To analyze the effect of innovational CSR cost on financial performance, to examine the effect of social quality practices spending on financial performance ,to find out the effect of corporate entrepreneurship spending on financial performance and to examine the effect of financial literacy expenditure CSR on financial The study was guided by Stakeholders theory, Shareholder theory and Shareholder-Based Financial Performance theory. This study used quantitative research approaches. Quantitative research is generally associated. Collecting and converting data into numerical form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions drawn. This study will employ descriptive research design. The target population used was 100 and sampling procedure used was stratified. The study used primary (collected using questionnaires) and secondary data (trend analysis). To test the validity of the research instruments the questionnaires prepared and submitted to the supervisor and other research experts. In order to test the reliability of the instrument used in this study, the researcher used test retest method. Descriptive and inferential statistics method was used for data analysis and interpretation regression model was used to analyze the effect between variables. The study recommended that companies should ensure effective sustainability programs which include social responsibility, They should also ensure effective social programs are accomplished through cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, they should also create initiative which has beneficial relationship between the corporation and society, they should also should ensure corporate governance which is the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors and embrace accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its stakeholders. For further research the study suggests that more studies should be done on economic social responsibility and corporate governance, economic social responsibility and financial literacy.
This document analyzes how companies in developing countries manage their corporate social responsibility efforts. It discusses CSR frameworks and challenges in developing country contexts. The key findings are:
1) Managing CSR in developing countries presents both opportunities and challenges due to factors like poverty, corruption and weak governance.
2) CSR efforts in developing countries emphasize social issues and philanthropy more than environmental or stakeholder concerns.
3) A corporate social responsibility audit can help companies measure their social performance and identify areas for improvement, but developing appropriate audit methods is challenging due to a lack of formal study.
This document provides an overview of Mahindra & Mahindra's corporate social responsibility activities in India. It discusses that Mahindra & Mahindra engages in various CSR initiatives focused on education, disaster relief, and community development. Some of the key CSR programs and initiatives discussed include the K.C. Mahindra Education Trust, which provides scholarships and education funding; Mahindra Academies, which are schools established near factories for employees' children; disaster relief support during events like tsunamis and earthquakes; and transforming municipal gardens in cities. The document analyzes how Mahindra & Mahindra integrates social responsibility into its business operations through these and other community programs.
This document summarizes an academic article published in the European Journal of Business and Management that discusses different views on corporate social responsibility. The article provides an introduction to CSR and outlines two main schools of thought - the classical economic view that a company's sole responsibility is to maximize profits, and the stakeholder view that companies have a responsibility to consider interests beyond just shareholders. The article then reviews various perspectives from literature on this topic, including instrumental theories that see CSR as a strategic tool for profits, and normative theories that see CSR as an ethical obligation. It concludes that contemporary organizations see CSR as an ethical approach that can provide both community and company benefits despite sometimes being criticized as just a marketing tactic.
Corporate social responsibility (csr) and issue to corporate financial perfor...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP) of banking companies in Bangladesh. It provides background on CSR and reviews previous literature on the relationship between CSR and CFP. The study uses questionnaires to assess perceptions of CSR among banking executives and social groups. It analyzes CSR practices reported in annual reports of selected Bangladeshi banks. Statistical tests are used to analyze the relationship between CSR and CFP. The study aims to provide insight into CSR practices in Bangladesh and their potential impact on financial performance.
This document provides an overview and introduction to a book titled "Case Studies on the Impact of CSR on Workers in China, South Korea, India and Indonesia". It discusses the Asia Monitor Resource Centre (AMRC) and their work researching the impacts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on workers and unions in Asia. The preface criticizes CSR, arguing it is primarily a public relations strategy that fails to adequately address social and environmental problems. It asserts CSR undermines labor organizing and solidarity. The following chapters in the book present case studies on CSR's impact in each of the four Asian countries.
Project on Corporate Social ResponsibilityPadma Ch
This document is a project report submitted by Ch. Padmavati to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Business Management degree. The report focuses on studying corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities at the Rajiv Gandhi Combined Cycle Power Project operated by NTPC Limited in Kayamkulam, Kerala. Some key CSR initiatives discussed include providing drinking water infrastructure, roads, healthcare services, and vocational training to local communities. The report aims to assess the level of satisfaction among people receiving free medical services in tsunami-affected villages. It utilizes primary data collected through questionnaires with 100 patients and secondary data from NTPC brochures.
This document summarizes a paper presented at the Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics and Law Conference in November 2014.
The paper examines contemporary views on including modern forms of wealth, such as salaries, shares, and bank accounts, within the scope of zakat. It discusses how Muslim scholars have incorporated newly discovered sources of wealth not mentioned in the Quran or hadith.
The objectives and obligations of zakat are outlined, including establishing social welfare and protecting people from poverty. While some deny zakat obligations on non-traditional wealth, scholars justify including modern assets by citing Quranic principles of imposing zakat on all wealth.
The paper aims to advocate expanding z
This document discusses the phenomenon of life for the poor in city slums. It notes that slums tend to grow rapidly along with population growth, as low-income communities can only afford to build homes in undesignated areas. These slum settlements lack proper infrastructure and facilities. The document examines theories related to urban poverty and slums, and notes that existing theories are incremental and do not fully explain the links between urban poverty and slum formation. It also provides details on the locations and growth of slums in Semarang City, Indonesia, noting that slum areas lack orderly development and proper sanitation.
This document summarizes a paper presented at the Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics and Law Conference in 2014. The paper discusses the relationship between open trade, economic growth, and environmental regulations in Iran. It notes that while economic growth is important, fast growth can damage the environment. There is a potential conflict between policies promoting growth and those protecting the natural world. The paper also examines international environmental law and various trade measures used by governments to protect the environment, as well as how free trade approaches in agreements like GATT can potentially limit some environmental regulations and protections.
This document discusses the impacts of establishing the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) on Indonesia's central bank. It notes that previously, different institutions regulated different types of financial institutions, which caused weak oversight. The OJK now regulates all financial institutions. Its establishment impacted various aspects of banks and non-bank financial institutions. It also shifted regulatory and supervisory tasks from Bank Indonesia to the OJK. There is a debate around whether oversight should be consolidated or separated, and the document discusses arguments on both sides regarding maintaining monetary stability and preventing conflicts of interest.
This document discusses the role and mandate of the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) office in Malaysia and the challenges it faces. It provides background on the establishment of UNHCR and its core mandate to protect refugees internationally on a non-political basis. The document outlines UNHCR's functions such as determining refugee status, providing shelter and assistance, and promoting international refugee conventions. It also discusses UNHCR's supervisory role over the 1951 Refugee Convention and challenges in fulfilling its mandate given limitations but need to engage with political issues among states. The relationship between UNHCR and authorities in Malaysia needs improvement to better respect UNHCR's role and powers in protecting refugees.
This document discusses establishing the "best interests of the child" principle as an international custom. It begins by defining the principle and how it was codified in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It then analyzes whether the principle has become customary international law by examining its widespread acceptance and application by states. The document aims to show that treating the principle as customary law would strengthen protections for children by binding all states to consider children's best interests.
This document provides an overview of setting up a business in Indonesia. It discusses Indonesia's geography, political institutions, economy, and key business entities under Indonesian law. The main business structures available for foreign investors are representative offices, limited liability companies (PTs), and foreign direct investment through a PMA company. It also covers important considerations like employment laws, the banking and finance system, and insolvency regulations. The document aims to help foreign businesses understand Indonesia's legal framework for investment and establishing operations.
This document discusses factors that influence the regulation of sustainable watershed ecosystems in Indonesia. It notes that watershed degradation has accelerated due to increased natural resource utilization from population growth and economic development. Integrated watershed management is needed to balance ecosystem protection and sustainability. The Solo River watershed management requires stakeholder coordination and an integrated resource management plan developed participatorily. Local regulations are also needed to govern natural resource use across ecosystems and provinces in a sustainable manner balancing optimal utilization and conservation.
This document discusses financing of terrorism and its relationship to money laundering. It explains that financing of terrorism can occur through legitimate sources of money that are then used to fund terrorist activities, known as reverse money laundering. Indonesia has laws that criminalize financing of terrorism from both legal and illegal sources. The document provides background on definitions of terrorism and money laundering. It also outlines Indonesia's laws regarding money laundering and how they have evolved to incorporate financing of terrorism and address recommendations from the Financial Action Task Force.
This document discusses the use of discretionary authority by government officials in Indonesia to issue policy regulations. It argues that discretionary authority is an important tool for officials to carry out their duties optimally and realize good governance, even when existing laws do not provide complete regulation. However, officials often hesitate to use discretion due to doubts about contradicting the principle of legality. The ideal approach is for discretionary authority and policy regulations to work together as responsive and progressive law, facilitating diverse public needs. Officials need guidance to adopt progressive attitudes and confidence that discretionary actions will be legally justified if they realize good governance.
The document discusses indigenous community-based management as a new paradigm for natural resource management. It argues that current top-down management by the government does not involve local communities, but management should directly involve local communities given the complex, diverse characteristics of rural areas and communities' relationship with natural resources. The goal is to review management, find policies that improve local community welfare, and establish principles for resource management that affirm local communities.
This document discusses the regulatory regime of the internet in Malaysia. It provides an overview of how the internet was initially unregulated but licensing requirements were introduced with the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. It also discusses Malaysia's policy of no censorship of the internet, though some websites have been blocked and individuals prosecuted for unlawful content. The document examines how laws like the Computer Crimes Act and CMA are used to regulate online content within this framework, seeking to understand the interplay between no censorship and regulation of the internet in Malaysia.
The document discusses the role of housewives in consumer protection in the village of Tianyar, Bali, Indonesia. It finds that housewives have an important role in selecting products for family consumption, but lack an understanding of consumer protection laws. Efforts are made through socialization to increase housewives' knowledge of identifying fraudulent products and standards. The role of housewives in product selection and awareness of consumer rights is important for implementing consumer protection laws.
This document summarizes the impact of coal mining waste on women micro, small and medium enterprises in the coastal fisheries sector in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Coal mining in the upstream watershed pollutes rivers with coal washing waste, impacting coastal ecosystems and fish resources. This greatly affects the fishing and fish processing businesses run by women in the coastal areas. The coal waste pollution can be detrimental to the women's businesses and livelihoods. Environmental regulations and policies need to provide better protection for coastal communities, especially women involved in fisheries.
This document discusses restorative justice as an approach to criminal justice that focuses on the needs of victims, offenders, and communities. It defines restorative justice and outlines its key principles, including viewing crimes as conflicts between individuals that cause injuries, aiming to reconcile parties and repair harm, and facilitating active participation of victims, offenders, and communities to find solutions. The document also discusses using restorative justice and mediation in Indonesia's criminal justice system to provide alternatives to punishment and protect victims' human dignity while encouraging offenders to take responsibility.
This document summarizes a paper about local wisdom in the customary law system of Penglipuran Village in Bali, Indonesia. It discusses how the indigenous peoples of Penglipuran Village have preserved their customary law and social order, respecting the values of their ancestors. The village was founded in 1833 and the people are descendants of inhabitants from an older village before Javanese influence arrived in Bali. The people of Penglipuran still highly respect their customary legal system and have maintained their unique identity and culture through the generations.
This document summarizes the concept of a populist economy in Indonesia's welfare state laws. It discusses how Indonesia's 1945 Constitution established it as a welfare state and features provisions to realize people's welfare through economic regulations. Key aspects of Indonesia's populist economy system include empowering small and medium enterprises, cooperatives, fair market mechanisms, and balancing national planning with decentralization. The document also briefly discusses how Indonesia qualifies as a state of law based on its founding constitution and aspirations of individual rights.
Unlock Your Potential with NCVT MIS.pptxcosmo-soil
The NCVT MIS Certificate, issued by the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT), is a crucial credential for skill development in India. Recognized nationwide, it verifies vocational training across diverse trades, enhancing employment prospects, standardizing training quality, and promoting self-employment. This certification is integral to India's growing labor force, fostering skill development and economic growth.
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...Donc Test
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcriptynfqplhm
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Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance36 Crypto
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Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY:
THE PRESENCE OF UNITEN AND ITS IMPACTS ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF BANDAR MUADZAM SHAH
Amanuddin Shamsuddin
College of Business Management & Accounting
Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Campus
26700 Bandar Muadzam Shah, Pahang, Malaysia
Email: amanuddin@uniten.edu.my
Adibah Binti Abu Bakar; Nur Amalina Syahiza Binti Saharudin;
Nuraishah Binti Mohtar; Nurul Atikah Binti Ya’acob
Final Year Students, Bach. of Accounting (Honours)
Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Campus
26700 Bandar Muadzam Shah, Pahang, Malaysia
Email: adibahabubakar2512@yahoo.com; amalenass@gmail.com;
eye_shah92@yahoo.com; NURUL_ATIKAH_1992@YAHOO.COM.
ABSTRACT
Today, the level of awareness about corporate social responsibility (CSR) is at the rising trend. Recognizing the importance of CSR, many corporations have engaged themselves in these activities in order to gain competitive advantage. Previous researches focused more on the CSR contributions from corporation’s point of view; however, limited research was conducted from consumer’s perspective. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the impacts of CSR to business communities in Bandar Muadzam Shah (BMS) with the presence of Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). UNITEN is one of the CSR proxies for Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). Data for this study were collected through questionnaires with sample of 115 business entities in BMS. The presence of UNITEN was illustrated based on three independent variables, namely the economy development, social development, and environment. Meanwhile, the business performance (dependent variable) was measured based on profit, job opportunities, and growth of business. After performing Spearman correlation tests, the results indicated that all independent variables have significant impacts, although varies, on business performance except for the environment and profit. Thus, the results revealed that the existence of UNITEN in BMS brought about significant development, improvement and opportunities to the business and local communities in terms of economy, social, and environment. Relevant authorities such as the local council (Majlis Daerah Rompin), TNB and UNITEN management and other stakeholders may use the findings to develop plan and policies for the betterment of the BMS communities in the future.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Bandar Muadzam Shah
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Today, the level of awareness about corporate social responsibility (CSR) is at the rising trend. Consumers nowadays have set a higher level of expectation towards the companies. Therefore, CSR no longer can be neglected if the businesses would like to stay ahead from the rest. By recognizing the importance role of CSR, many of the businesses have started to engage themselves in these activities in order to gain competitive advantage. A great deal of research has been conducted in this area; however, limited research has been carried out from consumer’s perspective. Moreover, the level of consumers’ awareness of CSR is still maintained moderately in Malaysia (Dusuki and Yusof, 2008). Hence, this study aimed to examine the effects of CSR, with the presence of UNITEN, in affecting business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah, Pahang.
2.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
CSR represents one of the most widely debated contemporary business issues. In broad terms, CSR is the responsibility an organisation takes for the impact of its corporate activities on the various stakeholders with whom it interfaces and whom it affects (Murray and Dainty, 2009). The area defined by advocates of CSR increasingly covers
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a wide range of issues such as plant closures, employee relations, human rights, corporate ethics, community relations and the environment (Moir, 2001).
Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) is one of the first private universities in Malaysia and is wholly-owned by the public-listed company, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), one of the largest utility companies in South East-Asia. One of the aims for the establishment of UNITEN is to provide quality education to prepare students for positions in industry, commerce and academia. With the rapid growth of the main campus, UNITEN has formed a branch campus in Bandar Muadzam Shah, at the state of Pahang. Following the concept of "Town University" and "University Town", Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Campus functions as a bridge to connect its students and the dwellers of Bandar Muadzam Shah. It also serves as a medium of community, economic and intellectual development for Bandar Muadzam Shah and the surrounding areas.
In view of the development of UNITEN and the CSR, this research would explore the role and the effect of UNITEN to Muadzam Shah Communities, particularly the business communities. It is interesting to find out whether the presence of UNITEN would have significant effects to its surroundings.
3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 Concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
CSR is not a new area of study; but recently is gaining attention and interest among leading world companies, universities, researchers, media, the governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). A long debate on the meaning of CSR took place in the last decades. A literature review developed by Dahlsrud (2008) shows that 37 different original definitions of CSR were developed from 1980s to 2003. According to Dahlsrud (2008), defining CSR is not an easy task since there is no single absolute meaning to use because one definition does not fit all.
The Commission of the European Communities (2001) defines CSR as a concept by which companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their operations and in their interaction with stakeholder on voluntary basis. Secondly, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD, 1999) interprets CSR as the business commitment for contributing to sustainable economic development, employees, their families, the local community and society to improve their quality of life. Lastly, the WBCSD (2000) also explain that CSR is a continuous commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economy development by improving the quality of life of workforce and their families, as well as the local community.
Pinney (2001) highlights the social dimension of CSR as management practices that minimize the company’s negative impact of its operation on society and maximize its positive impacts. Voluntariness dimension is stressed by Kilcullen and Kooistra (1999) as the degree of moral obligation that may be ascribed to corporations beyond simple obedience to the laws of the state. Stakeholder dimension is explained by Wooward-Clyde (1999) as contract between society and business in which a community permits a company to operate and in return the matter meets certain obligation and behaves in an acceptable manner.
This is supported by the previous study, according to Sarkis and Daou (2013), there is mainly two thoughts that reflect either the classical view or the socio-economic view. The classical perspective is directly related to social obligation. It states that the corporation has to meet several economic and legal responsibilities, thus its only responsibility is to maximize the profits of stockholders (Sarkis and Daou, 2013). In other means, when the organization performs extra measure of doing social good, it would cost money that will be passing them to customer through high prices or passing them to shareholders through minimizing profits.
On the other hand, the socio-economic view states that organizations have to go beyond making profits in actions to preserves the environment and improve the community’s well being. This perspective stems from the concept that organizations are an integral part of the society and they are not solely responsible toward the shareholders but also responsible towards the society and environment as a whole Sarkis and Daou (2013).
The present study acknowledged that UNITEN, being one of the subsidiaries of TNB, is the company’s CSR in educational sectors. This study would examine whether the presence of UNITEN in Bandar Muadzam Shah would have significant impacts to the business performance of the communities or not. This also a part of UNITEN involvement in their CSR towards the society of Bandar Muadzam Shah in term of the socio-economic of that place.
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In this case, the study would measure whether the presence of UNITEN will give a positive or negative impact to the society, environment and also the improvement of the community’s well-being in term of their business performance in Bandar Muadzam Shah. After a general overview of various models regarding corporate social responsibility theories, the study conquers with Dahlsrud’s (2008) findings. He found that the following definitions are the three most commonly used, and that all of them cover the dimensions of stakeholder (business entity, others communities, customers and so on), social and economic development.
3.2 Theoretical Framework
This study concerns about presence of UNITEN and its impacts on business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah. Therefore, independent variable (IV) for the study is Economy Development (ED), Social Development (SD) and Environment (E). These IVs would influence the dependent variable (DV), namely Business Performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah. The DV for this study was measured based on profit, opportunities and growth of businesses.
The three dependent variables are also interrelated as shown in Figure.1 below. Each of the variables listed and the hypotheses developed will be discussed in the following session.
Figure 1: Theoretical frameworks on the presence of UNITEN and its impacts on business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah.
Independent Variables (IVs) Dependent variable (DV)
3.2.1 Economy Development
More recently, many researchers have carried out studies concerning “whether CSR should exist” to “why it does exist?” and “how it affects the economy?” According to Kitzmueller and Shimshack (2012), the World Bank states that CSR is to contribute to sustainable economic development by working with all relevant stakeholders to improve their lives in ways that are good for business, the sustainable development agenda, and society at large. Strictly, from economic point of view, the responsibility of a company or business entity is to maximize its profit. This maximization of the profit will contribute in turn to the general social wellbeing (Dobrea and Alina Dinu, 2012)
Based on Larry Gigerich, Managing Director of Ginovus; Universities and colleges have a critical role to play in regional, state-wide and national economic development efforts (www.insideindianabusiness.com). Clearly, higher education and economic development are inextricably linked to another. For region, state and country to be successful in economic development, universities and colleges must be key partners throughout the process.
In addition, the universities and colleges have evolved their roles into a broader mission that better support companies and economic development efforts. They also recognized the need to help nature entrepreneurs through technical and financial assistance programs. These efforts have resulted in the survival of many young or new businesses that otherwise might fail due to a lack of capital, access to research and management expertise. Universities and colleges recognize the need to help these companies survive for a variety of reasons. If these entities (universities and colleges)
Business Performance of Muadzam Shah
Profit
Job opportunities
Growth of businesses
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can help entrepreneurs survive and succeed, they are making a significant contribution to the geographic area they are serving, can use their success to market the university or financial return for the university (Larry Gigerich, 2014).
In this case, the CSR of UNITEN give a positive impact to the economic development of Bandar Muadzam Shah in terms of the variety types of business opportunities that can be created to maximize the needs of the consumers (local community, UNITEN’s staffs and also the students). This also can create more job opportunities to local community in terms of developing their economy, well-being and also their life condition in Muadzam Shah.
3.2.2 Social Development
Social development can be identified as one that is concerned with processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being, social relations and social institutions, and that are equitable, sustainable, and compatible with principles of democratic governance and social justice (UNRISD, 2011). (http://www.ipieca.org/topic/social- responsibility/social-and-economic-development) The term ‘social development’ describes company activities that provide the local community with opportunities to develop. Some activities may be part of the company’s core business while others may be additional activities that enhance the company’s reputation and its relationship with the community.
Many organizations are becoming increasingly active in addressing social concern. For examples, many organizations involved in community by providing additional vocational training places sponsoring local sports, culture events, through partnerships with communities or donations to charitable activities. Many Social responsibility means being accountable for social affects the company has on people even indirectly (Mohammed, Md. Riad and Kazi, 2008).
3.2.3 Environment
Environmental aspects put in place in the 1970s with the first real understanding of the environmental impacts of business.Corporate activity may have many types of effects on the environment. Usually environmental impact refers to the negative effects occurring in the surrounding natural environmental due to business operations such impacts may include overuse of natural, non-renewable resources of energy, pollution waste, degeneration of biodiversity, climate change, deforestation and others (Mohammed et al. 2008).
In today‘s competitive market, CSR offer an opportunity for companies to explore other areas of improving profitability. Customers have become very sophisticated and very much aware of their environment against the perception that corporate organisations make a lot of profits, it becomes imperative for these companies to put back into the society through corporate social responsibility programmes (Ocran, 2011).
By recognizing the importance of CSR, many of the Malaysian companies have started to apply the CSR within the company’s policies, strategies and activities or programs toward the social and environment (Embassy, 2011).Today, companies in Malaysia are increasingly aware of CSR activities as consumers have become more aware of how business activities affect society and the environment.
3.2.4 Business Performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah
Business performance is usually measured as financial and non-financial performance measures. Financial performance comprises of financial efficiency measures such as return on investment and return on equity and profit measures such as return on sales and net profit margin (Li, Huang and Tsai, 2010). Non financial measures include sale growth, employee’s growth and market share. Some of the non financial measures are end performance measures such as market share and share growth while some of them may serve as leading indicators of end-financial performance (Sidik, 2012).
Bandar Muadzam Shah is surrounding by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Hence, this study measures business performance in terms of their profit, job opportunities and growth of businesses. The selection of the measures was supported by (Heilbrunn, Rozenes and Vitner, 2011). According to these researchers, most SMEs use a limited number of financial performance indicators because they are lacking in human resources needed to establish performance measurement and the appropriate culture to collect data for decision making purposes. Furthermore, the SMEs tend to use subjective measures more frequently than objective measures (Dess and Robinson, 1984). SMEs often measures their growth by turnover growth and employment growth (Leitner and Gudenberg, 2010).
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Based on the preceedong discussions, therefore, this study developed three sets of hypotheses to investigate the independent variable that will give impact on dependent variables. For this reason, the following hypotheses were developed:
H1: There is a significant relationship between economic development and business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities, and business growth.
H2: There is a significant relationship between social development and business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities, and business growth.
H3: There is a significant relationship between environment and business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities, and business growth.
4.0 RESEARCH METHODS
In this study, data were collected by using questionnaire-based survey. The target population of this study was the owners of businesses or their employees in Bandar Muadzam Shah. The sampling technique that was used in this study is convenient sampling. As pointed out by Sekaran et al. (2013), this method most often used during the exploratory phase of a research project and is perhaps the best way of getting some basic information quickly and efficiently.
Bandar Muadzam Shah is chosen because the town started to develop although in slow pace. The town eventually becomes a fully established educational centre with quality schools and higher academic institution serving the surrounding rural regions, and having its own fully integrated public administration services. Apart from that, UNITEN is chosen because it represents the higher academic institution that gives direct effect to the development of this town. Furthermore, UNITEN is the biggest and highest tertiary academic institutions in Muadzam Shah.
A letter of application was sent to Majlis Daerah Rompin (MDR) in order to get the total number of businesses that their businesses existing in Bandar Muadzam Shah. Unfortunately, the MDR could not provide an updated list of businesses operating in the Muadzam Shah area and hence the researchers were unable to get specific total number of businesses in Bandar Muadzam Shah. Therefore, the samples were picked randomly. The total samples for this study is 115, consists of 44 owners and 71 employees. According to Roscoe (1975), sample sizes larger than 30 and less than 500 are appropriate for most research. Hence, the study fulfills the rule of thumb set by Roscoe (1975).
Research methodology undertaken by this study took into consideration several specific requirements of the study – reliability, validity and normality tests. Choice of sample and unit of analysis were guided by the earlier research as well as the relevant theories. Thus, the design of the questionnaire items and their measurements relied much on past literatures. The study utilized statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis in order to analyse the data.
5.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Correlation and Hypothesis Findings
This study employed the Spearman Rho statistical test (non-parametric statistical tests) to answer the hypotheses and find out the correlation among the variables since the data were not normally distributed. The Spearman Rho statistical test were used in order to determine the relationship between the presence of UNITEN and its impacts on business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on economy development, social development and environment. This study is using Pallant’s rules of thumb in explaining the correlation results (Pallant, 2001):
i. 0.7 and above – very strong relationship
ii. 0.50 to 0.69 – strong relationship
iii. 0.30 to 0.49 – moderate relationship
iv. 0.10 to 0.29 – low relationship
v. 0.01 to 0.09 – very low relationship
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Table 1: Correlation of economic development towards business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities and growth of the businesses
TotalED
Spearman's rho
TotalED
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.000
.
115
The presence of UNITEN in Muadzam Shah increases our profit.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.436**
.000
114
The presence of UNITEN increases job opportunities to local communities.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.372**
.000
115
The presence of UNITEN has contributed to the growth of our businesses.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.466**
.000
115
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
H1: There is a significant relationship between economic development and business performance based on profit, job opportunities, and business growth.
Table 1 above showed that there is a significant relationship (p-value < 0.05) between economic development and business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities, and business growth. The correlation coefficient values for the three performance indicators were 0.436, 0.372 and 0.466 respectively which mean that there were moderate, positive correlations between the variables. Thus, the results indicated that the presence of UNITEN in Muadzam Shah increases the economic development and business performance of the Muadzam Shah communities.
Table 2: Correlation of social development towards business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities and growth of the businesses TotalSD
Spearman's rho
TotalSD
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.000
.
112
The presence of UNITEN in Muadzam Shah increases our profit.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.432**
.000
111
The presence of UNITEN increases job opportunities to local communities.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.425**
.000
112
The presence of UNITEN has contributed to the growth of ourbusinesses.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.503**
.000
112
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
H2: There is a significant relationship between social development and business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities, and business growth.
Table 2 above showed that there is a significant relationship (p-value < 0.05) between social development and business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities, and business growth. The correlation coefficient values for the three performance indicators were 0.432, 0.425 and 0.503 respectively which mean that there were moderate and strong (business growth), positive correlations between the variables. Thus, the results indicated that the presence of UNITEN in Muadzam Shah increases the social development and business performance of the Muadzam Shah communities.
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Table 3: Correlation of environment towards business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities and growth of the businesses TotalEnv
Spearman's rho
TotalEnv
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.000
.
114
The presence of UNITEN in Muadzam Shah increases our profit.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.137
.147
113
The presence of UNITEN increases job opportunities to local communities.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.244**
.009
114
The presence of UNITEN has contributed to the growth of ourbusinesses.
Correlation Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
.192*
.041
114
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
H3: There is a significant relationship between environment and business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on profit, job opportunities, and business growth.
Table 3 above showed that there is a significant relationship (p-value < 0.05) between environment and business performance of Bandar Muadzam Shah based on job opportunities and business growth. The correlation coefficient values for the three performance indicators were 0.244 and 0.192 respectively which mean that there were low, positive correlations between the variables. However, the results indicated that there was no significant relationship between environment and business performance in terms of profits. Therefore, the overall results indicated that the presence of UNITEN in Muadzam Shah increases the business performance of the Muadzam Shah communities with low contributions to environment.
6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The results from the analyses showed that the presence of UNITEN give a positive impact on economic development and also social development of Bandar Muadzam Shah. Based on the results, it showed that UNITEN’s presence helps to improve the community’s well-being in term of their business performance. It provides opportunities for business entities that consist of their communities itself to develop their business in Bandar Muadzam Shah. In addition, it opens up better employment opportunities to the Muadzam’s communities.
In terms of economic development, it give a positive effect to the business entities by getting a higher profits, improved their efficiency, increasing the demand on their production or services and the opportunities to them to provides a variety of choices of product that can maximize the needs of the customers. It also creates a healthy competition among business community in Bandar Muadzam Shah.
In social development, the presence of UNITEN can gives positive impacts to the local communities by enhances the quality of living for the communities and improves the quality of infrastructures in Bandar Muadzam Shah. It also shows that UNITEN’s students and staffs play important roles in promoting the well-being of communities and contribute to improvement of the social and environmental of Bandar Muadzam Shah. UNITEN also can attract many investors to develop their business in Bandar Muadzam Shah.
However, in terms of environment, the local communities did not think that the presence of UNITEN can creates a green, clean, safe environment and also reduces environmental pollution to Bandar Muadzam Shah. It is because some of the community holds that the presence of UNITEN resulted in deforestation activities and increasing the temperature of the environment of Bandar Muadzam Shah. For example, the development of a new township (Bandar Satelit) resulted in the deforestation activities. However, it can be argued that with this development, it can create good opportunities for them (local communities) to improve their life condition and also their business performance. Thus, not all of them give a negative impact to the environment of Bandar Muadzam Shah but it also creates a positive improvement to them in many aspects of life.
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Finally, as far as the business performance is concern, it showed that the presence of UNITEN increases their profits from the business operation as well as increases job opportunities to local communities. Besides, the presence of UNITEN contributes to the growth of the business entities in Bandar Muadzam Shah.
The findings from the study could be used by relevant authorities or parties, such as Majlis Daerah Rompin (MDR), TNB management, to properly plan and take appropriate actions to assist UNITEN to improve their CSR towards the local communities in Bandar Muadzam Shah. Based on the findings also, it is important for UNITEN’s management to enhance its services, quality, and performance for the development of UNITEN’s reputation in Muadzam Shah since it gives significant impacts to the business communities here. In addition, it is hoped the results from this study shall provide an insight for the business community in Bandar Muadzam Shah to realise the importance or impacts of the presence of UNITEN to their business performance.
7.0 LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Despite its contributions, this study also has its limitations. One of the obvious limitations is that the study was conducted on one institution only which is UNITEN Muadzam Shah Campus. The results from the study may not be generalised or applicable to other places or higher institutions in Malaysia. In addition, the study did not make a comparison between the presence of UNITEN and other institution in Bandar Muadzam Shah that may also affects the business performance of the local business communities.
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