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Killing 
Your 
Characters 
Correctly 
nailing the medical details 
in your fiction 
Kim Foster, MD
CPR & 
Defibrillation
CPR is not magic don’t give up so soon! 
it’s not pretty (rib cracking) 
do NOT defibrillate a flatline!
Comas
Getting your character into a coma 
• a severe head injury 
• seizure 
• infection involving the brain 
• brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen for too 
long (eg. cardiac arrest) 
• an overdose of medicine or other drugs. 
• a stroke 
• chemical imbalances (in the body from other 
illnesses eg. low blood sugar, organ failure)
Getting your character out of a coma 
Much trickier! 
(especially if you want him/her unscathed) 
Keep in mind these factors: 
• the cause (drug overdose vs. hypoxia or stroke) 
• the “depth” (give a few signs of being higher on 
the Glasgow coma scale) 
• the duration (the longer he remains in coma, the 
worse his chances)
Knife Wounds 
The most lethal wounds that can 
be made with a knife? 
• between the cervical vertebrae 
(sever spinal cord) 
• across the neck—slice through 
the carotid arteries and the 
trachea 
• into the heart 
• lungs/chest—maybe 
• abdomen—maybe
Knife Wounds 
Knife injuries that look bad but may be survivable? 
• limbs 
• shoulder 
• chest 
• abdomen—if you miss the aorta 
• or almost anywhere—anything is possible!
Bullet Wounds 
Issues: 
• Do you have to 
get the bullet 
out? 
• Fatal shots 
• Survivable shots
Poison 
• Cyanide 
• Strychnine 
• Arsenic 
• Ricin 
• Warfarin & Heparin 
• Morphine & Opiates 
• Potassium Chloride 
• Botulinum Toxin
Heart Attacks & Heart Disease 
Symptoms of a heart attack: 
• chest pressure/heaviness/pain 
• pain that radiates to left arm or jaw 
• shortness of breath 
• lightheadedness 
• nausea 
• diaphoresis (sweaty) 
• palpitations 
Risk factors: 
• high blood pressure 
• high cholesterol 
• smoking 
• diabetes 
• family history 
• obesity 
• sedentary
Deadly Infections 
Infection Fatality rate 
(if untreated) 
Treatment available? 
Rabies 100% yes (post-exposure 
vaccination) 
Ebola 83-90% no 
Smallpox 95% no 
Anthrax 93% yes (antibiotics) 
Bubonic Plague 60% yes (antibiotics) 
Yellow Fever 20-50% no
Anaphylaxis & Allergies 
What kinds of things tend 
to cause fatal allergic 
reactions? 
-foods (nuts, shellfish, 
eggs) 
-iodine 
-insect stings (yellow 
jacket wasps, honeybees) 
-antibiotics 
-local anaesthetic 
What does an allergic 
reaction look like? 
-rash/hives 
-difficulty breathing, 
swallowing, speaking 
-tongue, lip, eye 
swelling 
-lightheadedness 
-passing out
Childbirth 
Issues
Common errors & 
annoyances: 
• the panic that ensues 
when a woman’s water 
breaks 
• speed labor (especially for 
first labor) 
• clean & pretty labor 
• amazing recovery after 
Opportunities: 
• delivery in inconvenient 
places: elevators, cars, the 
sidewalk outside the 
hospital, etc. 
• bleeding, infection 
• home births, water births 
• breech 
• twins 
• almost any disaster you can 
think of
Hospital Scenes 
Who’s there, and what are they doing?
Where to get more help? 
Online resources (see handout) 
Library 
Talk to an expert 
• physician 
• other health care professional 
• university prof 
• science writer/copyeditor/fact checker 
• me: Kim Foster 
email: kim@drkimfoster.com 
website: www.kimfoster.com
Questions?

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Killing Your Characters Correctly

  • 1. Killing Your Characters Correctly nailing the medical details in your fiction Kim Foster, MD
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 6. CPR is not magic don’t give up so soon! it’s not pretty (rib cracking) do NOT defibrillate a flatline!
  • 8. Getting your character into a coma • a severe head injury • seizure • infection involving the brain • brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen for too long (eg. cardiac arrest) • an overdose of medicine or other drugs. • a stroke • chemical imbalances (in the body from other illnesses eg. low blood sugar, organ failure)
  • 9. Getting your character out of a coma Much trickier! (especially if you want him/her unscathed) Keep in mind these factors: • the cause (drug overdose vs. hypoxia or stroke) • the “depth” (give a few signs of being higher on the Glasgow coma scale) • the duration (the longer he remains in coma, the worse his chances)
  • 10. Knife Wounds The most lethal wounds that can be made with a knife? • between the cervical vertebrae (sever spinal cord) • across the neck—slice through the carotid arteries and the trachea • into the heart • lungs/chest—maybe • abdomen—maybe
  • 11. Knife Wounds Knife injuries that look bad but may be survivable? • limbs • shoulder • chest • abdomen—if you miss the aorta • or almost anywhere—anything is possible!
  • 12. Bullet Wounds Issues: • Do you have to get the bullet out? • Fatal shots • Survivable shots
  • 13. Poison • Cyanide • Strychnine • Arsenic • Ricin • Warfarin & Heparin • Morphine & Opiates • Potassium Chloride • Botulinum Toxin
  • 14. Heart Attacks & Heart Disease Symptoms of a heart attack: • chest pressure/heaviness/pain • pain that radiates to left arm or jaw • shortness of breath • lightheadedness • nausea • diaphoresis (sweaty) • palpitations Risk factors: • high blood pressure • high cholesterol • smoking • diabetes • family history • obesity • sedentary
  • 15. Deadly Infections Infection Fatality rate (if untreated) Treatment available? Rabies 100% yes (post-exposure vaccination) Ebola 83-90% no Smallpox 95% no Anthrax 93% yes (antibiotics) Bubonic Plague 60% yes (antibiotics) Yellow Fever 20-50% no
  • 16. Anaphylaxis & Allergies What kinds of things tend to cause fatal allergic reactions? -foods (nuts, shellfish, eggs) -iodine -insect stings (yellow jacket wasps, honeybees) -antibiotics -local anaesthetic What does an allergic reaction look like? -rash/hives -difficulty breathing, swallowing, speaking -tongue, lip, eye swelling -lightheadedness -passing out
  • 18. Common errors & annoyances: • the panic that ensues when a woman’s water breaks • speed labor (especially for first labor) • clean & pretty labor • amazing recovery after Opportunities: • delivery in inconvenient places: elevators, cars, the sidewalk outside the hospital, etc. • bleeding, infection • home births, water births • breech • twins • almost any disaster you can think of
  • 19. Hospital Scenes Who’s there, and what are they doing?
  • 20. Where to get more help? Online resources (see handout) Library Talk to an expert • physician • other health care professional • university prof • science writer/copyeditor/fact checker • me: Kim Foster email: kim@drkimfoster.com website: www.kimfoster.com