Sustainable tourism on Pemba Island - Kwanini Conference 2014

1. 1
Kwanini utalii kwa wote

3. 3
Kwanini utalii kwa wote

4. Why tourism for Pemba?
Investors
Govern-
ment
Travellers
WorkforcePeople
Kwanini

5. Kwanini Investors
Contributing to People, Nature & Culture

6. Kwanini Travellers
Genuine & Respectful guests of our Island

7. Kwanini Tourism Workforce
The Ambassadors of Kwanini Pemba

8. Kwanini People of Pemba
Embracing Tourism for the right reasons

9. A Kwanini Government
Co-operation & Communication

10. 10
Current Status

11. 11
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2013
2011
Hotels:18 Rooms: 220 Beds: 398
Tourism on Pemba – current status

12. 12
High or
Low-end
Tourism?

13. Physical Carrying Capacity
Ecological Carrying Capacity
Economic Carrying Capacity
Social carrying capacity
Environmental carrying capacity

14. Short conclusion
pemba cant carry….

15. 15
Counting exercise
More Travellers = More Employment?
X 3,750 (staff)
-> 100,000 (indirect)

16. 16
Low-end Impact to employ 3,750 people from Pemba
More Travellers = More Employment?

17. 17
What does “MORE” Travellers actually mean?
12,500 Travellers
Average 2,7 nights stay

18. 18
High-end Impact to employ 3750 people from Pemba
More Travellers = More Employment?

19. 19
What does “MORE” Travellers actually mean?
1500 Traveller
Average 6,3 nights stay
12,500 Traveller
Average 2,7 nights stay

20. More Travellers
DOES NOT
Equal more Employment

21. 21
Critical
Indicators

22. Limitations to tourism
Waste disposal
Water supply
Infrastructure
Local skill level
Reach of electricity net
Monitoring of EIA’s implementation

23. 23
Case Studies
High end alone is not enough

24. Seychelles
Biggest Problem
Rapid development
Shift in employment structure.
Prostitution, drug addiction and crime.

25. Seychelles
Government solution
1. Improvement of the lives of local people
2. Education that tourism is good
Outcome
+ Economically and socially very good condition
- The culture is wiped away

26. Maldives
Biggest Problems
Depending on tourism
Investors uninterested in local community.
Large expat employment

27. Maldives
Government solution
Create isolated islands - off limits for locals!
Outcome
Traveller arrival up from 1,079 to 656.000
53% of workforce are expatriates
Disparities in income levels

28. 28
Brand
positioning of
Pemba

29. Pembas four Genuine &
Natural attributes

30. Brand Position
Friendly locals
Culture not part of
reason for visit
Engaging culture Limited cultural exposure
Kenya
Mozambique
Pemba
Zanzibar
Mauritius
Seychelles
Maldives

31. Serene and peaceful
Wild
Choices of accommodation types Low volume, high yield resorts
Mauritius
Seychelles
Maldives
Kenya
Mozambique
Zanzibar
Pemba
Pemba
Brand Position

32. 32
Conclusion &
Proposal

33. Tourism Impact
Will impact life on Pemba, but in a controlled and sustainable way.
Investments needed to improve infrastructure.
Gives us a chance to embrace the good parts of tourism, and avoid the bad
ones.
Will radically change the way of life on Pemba.
Everyone will be affected and it will happen an uncontrolled way.
Major investments into infrastructure needed

34. Investors
30
Workforce
3.750
People
100.000
87.000
travellers/year
Kwanini Tourism for all
Government
Success
Kwanini
All

35. 35
Critical
Indicators

36. 1. Waste Disposal. Indicators
1. Decentralized disposal
2. Municipalities govern waste management
3. No sewage system
4. State of management
5. Burning waste - Air pollution
6. No Incinerators
Conclusion
Current waste management cannot handle the waste and sewage in Pemba.

37. 2. Water Supply. Indicators
1. Severe water shortage 13,5 M l /year
2. Lack of clean water.
3. Water quality

38. 12
9
23
5
1
Very low
Low
Average
High
Very high
Local communities
Water quality

39. 3. Infrastructure. Indicators
Roads
Conditions of roads
Potholes, Maintenace, Grading
Airport
Facility upgrade
Snack points / cafes
Comfort
Information & signage

40. 4. Local skill level. Indicator
58 %
cant finding local skilled labor
100%
high-end need skilled labor in all departments
Most missing skills :
Kitchen staff
English knowledge
Hotel management experience
Basic skills

41. 5. Reach of electricity net.
Indicators
75% of connected through ZECO’s grid.
Spikes in the electricity voltage
Dedicated tourism zones not able to reach grid.

42. 6. Monitorizing EIA’s tourism
economic impact. Indicators
Monitoring economic impact of Travellers not possible
Tax revenue collected different VAT types
Lack of transparency
Direct and indirect foreign money cannot be tracked

43. 8. Raw materials. Indicators
High demand for traditional fuels.
Limited preserved areas.
Special areas exceed local demand.
Wood imports necessary

44. Arrivals calculation
1,689,000 Travellers yearly
4.630 Travellers arriving and departing daily
That’s 11 Full Boeing 777. Per day!

45. 45
Infrastructural Investments:
Airport
• Upgrade of airport and facilities
(restaurants / bars)
• Landing strip improvement
• Airport security improved, but can
focus on service – not speed
High-end
• Total rebuild of airport and facilities
(restaurants / bars)
• Large airport that can handle
thousands of in- and out going
Travellers every day
• Landing strip must be able to handle
charter planes
• Airport security must be able to
handle large amount of passengers.
Focus on speed – not quality
Low-end

46. 46
Infrastructural Investments:
Water & sewage
• Highly improved water and sewage
system to whole island
High-end tourism
• Heavy investment into boreholes and
desalinations plants to be able to
deliver water to 250 resorts + local
villages
• Complete remake of sewage system
Low-end tourism

47. 47
Infrastructural Investments:
Waste disposal
• Build recycling structure
• Smaller electrolyte building for waste
burning
• Weekly ships to mainland with for
un-recyclable waste
High-end tourism
• Build industrial size recycling
structure
• Large electrolyte structure for waste
burning
• Daily ships to mainland with waste
Low-end tourism

48. 48
Pemba
Investments

49. Planned Development
Tourism Zoning Plan
(1993)
National Land Use Plan
(1995)
Current State
Verani 590 beds Verani 590 beds
Vumawimbi 300 beds Vumawimbi 300 beds
Ufukweni 170 beds Mivumoni 170 beds
Mtangani 90 beds Mtangani 90 beds
Kwakaimu 250 beds Kwakaimu 250 beds
Wambaa 900 beds Wambaa 905 beds Wambaa 36 beds
Tundaua 300 beds
Others 370 beds
6 zones 2300 7 zones 2605 beds 406 beds

50. 50

51. 51

52. 1. Waste disposal. Solutions
1. Up-scaled economies to carry the costs
2. Fewer hotels to organize recycling ship
3. Monitor Incinerator progress
4. Hotel self-monitoring system
5. Incentives sustainable waste disposal

53. 2. Water Supply. Solutions
The opportunity
Rainfall
Realized in three ways:
Enhancing groundwater
Capturing runoff
Collecting rainfall in-site
Additional option
Desalination plants

54. 4. Local skill level. Solutions
Tourism Master plan – The two sided approach
Formal training
On-site practical training
Focus
English language
Job specific skill sets

55. 5. Reach of electricity net.
Solutions
Possible solutions:
Solar and wind energy

56. 56
1. A sense of place and culture (art nature religion)
2. Zipa – how do they messure investmnets & success. Volume or quality
3. Marketing budget
Questions

57. 57
Infrastructural
Investments

58. 58
Infrastructural Investments:
Roads
• Improve roads and road safety
High-end tourism
• Bigger roads to handle more traffic.
This will impact the entire
infrastructure of all
• Safer roads that can handle busloads
of Travellers
• Large scale bus connections that run
continuously throughout the day and
evening (not Daladala)
• Traffic lights and road lights as night
driving will dramatically increase
Low-end tourism

59. 59
Infrastructural Investments:
Traveller attractions
• Minor improvements like cleaning up,
organizing seating for picnics built
with local material.
• Educate and employ site guides
High-end tourism
• Improve infrastructure like parking
lots, toilets, running water, cafes,
restaurants in for example Mkama
Ndume, the fish markets and Chwaka
Low-end tourism

60. 60
Infrastructural Investments:
Security
• Larger police force than today
• Improved police stations
• Police force focused on quality
crime fighting
High-end tourism
• Large police force focused on quantity
crime fighting.
• Several new police stations spread
out on the entire island, including jails
and prisons
• Police force focused on quantity crime
fighting
• Immediate response
Low-end tourism

61. 61
Infrastructural Investments:
Health
•New hospital focused on good
healthcare
•More doctors and nurses
High-end tourism
• Several new large hospitals focused
on treating large amount of patients
• Many more doctors and nurses
Low-end tourism

62. 62
Infrastructural Investments:
Service
• Centralized Traveller function / hub
for the hotels focused on the island
and to strengthen co-operation
between hotels, locals and
government
• A couple of strategically placed
restaurants and service shops
High-end tourism
• Several Traveller offices focused on
catering wide variety of activities
• Several Bars, restaurants, shops, food
stores, taxi services, bus charters, on
land activities, on water activities, in-
water activities
Low-end tourism

63. 63
Different
Travellers

64. Different Traveller types
Over 300usd/day
• Top age groups: 25-34 (50%)
• 44% travel with family or partner
• 91 % book less then 3 months in
advance
• Average length of stay: 2.7 days
• 87% of the cases Pemba trip met
or exceeded expectations
Over 300usd/day
• Top age groups: 45-64 (47%)
• 87% travel with family or partner
• 85 % book more then 4 months in
advance
• Average length of stay: 6.3 days
• 98% of the cases Pemba trip met
or exceeded expectations

65. 65
Under $100 USD/night Over 200 USD / night
What they liked (Pemba)
19%
17%
17%
16%
13%
5%
5% 3%
3% 2%
Ocean (Coral reef) Locals & hospitality
Hotel Unspoiled nature
Peacefulness Not too many tourists
Local culture Beach
Everything Security
35%
20%
17%
7%
5%
5%
5%
3%
3%
Beach Locals & hospitality
Forest Peacefulness
Ocean (Coral reef) Unspoiled nature
Popos Not too many tourists
Security

66. 66
Under $100 USD/night Over 200 USD / night
What they didn’t like?
36%
13%
13%
10%
10%
6%
6%
3% 3%
Nothing
Limited shopping
Limited rest. & hotels
Beaches (limited,
busy)
No souvenirs
Quality of roads
29%
12%
12%
8%
8%
7%
7%
7%
5%
5%
Nothing
Beaches (limited,
busy)
Airport & Flight
Hotel
Muslim culture
Transfer & Transport
Weather

67. 67
Under $100 USD/night Over 200 USD / night
How do they book their trip?
47%
41%
12% Travel agency
Direct booking
with the resort
Other 87%
9%
4%
Travel agency
Direct booking
with the resort
Other

68. Travellers whose expectations
of Pemba were not met
Spending:
below 1100 for total stay
Dislike about Pemba
No souvenirs
Limited shopping
Not enough beaches
General comments
No Traveller information points
More Traveller attractions

69. 69
Under $100 USD/night Over 200 USD / night
• Top age groups: 25-34 (50%), 35-
44 (25%)
• 97% of them were on Pemba for first
time
• 44% of them travel with family or
partner
• 91 % of them book less then 3
months in advance
• Average length of stay: 2.7 days
• 87% of the cases Pemba trip met or
exceeded expectations
• Top age groups: 25-34 (32%), 45-64
(47%)
• 100% of them were on Pemba for
first time
• 87% of them travel with family or
partner
• 85 % of them book more then 4
months in advance
• Average length of stay: 6.3 days
• 98% of the cases Pemba trip met or
exceeded expectations
Different Traveller types

70. 70
Under $100 USD/night Over 200 USD / night
What they liked
19%
17%
17%
16%
13%
5%
5% 3%
3% 2%
Ocean (Coral reef) Locals & hospitality
Hotel Unspoiled nature
Peacefulness Not too many tourists
Local culture Beach
Everything Security
35%
20%
17%
7%
5%
5%
5%
3%
3%
Beach Locals & hospitality
Forest Peacefulness
Ocean (Coral reef) Unspoiled nature
Popos Not too many tourists
Security

71. 71
Under $100 USD/night Over 200 USD / night
What they didn’t like?
36%
13%
13%
10%
10%
6%
6%
3% 3%
Nothing
Limited shopping
Limited rest. & hotels
Beaches (limited,
busy)
No souvenirs
Quality of roads
29%
12%
12%
8%
8%
7%
7%
7%
5%
5%
Nothing
Beaches (limited,
busy)
Airport & Flight
Hotel
Muslim culture
Transfer & Transport
Weather

72. 72
Under $100 USD/night Over 200 USD / night
How do they book their trip?
47%
41%
12% Travel agency
Direct booking
with the resort
Other 87%
9%
4%
Travel agency
Direct booking
with the resort
Other

73. 73
Travellers whose expectations of Pemba were not met
Spending:
• below 1100 for total stay
Reason for visit:
• 3x Culture
• 1x Relaxation
Place of Stay:
• Sharook Riviera Lodge
• Misali Beach Sunset
• 2x Hifadhi Hotel
Booking of the stay:
• 3x Travel Agent
• 1x direct booking
Hotel profile
• There should be Traveller information
points
• More Traveller attractions
• Tour agents should promote real
picture of Pemba (not to create later
disappointment of Travellers
Dislike about Pemba:
• No souvenirs (2x)
• Limited shopping
• Not so many beaches
General comments
Like about Pemba:
• Friendly locals
• Hospitality
• Ngezi forest & Vumawimbi Beach

74. 74
Amount of traffic
Very low
Low
Medium
High
Very high
Not stated
Local communities
0 5 10 15 20
Business
Education
Agriculture improvements
Freedom/ Peace
Water
Health
Transportation
Not stated
What would make your life better?

75. 75
Biggest issue in your village
Lack of
clean water
Lack of
employmen
t
opportuniti
es
Lack of
skills/low
education
Limited
access to
social
services
Poor
farming /
fishing gear
Local communities
Primary cause for poverty
Limited
economic
generating
opportunit
ies
Low level
of
education
Low prices

76. 76
Tourism as a positive influence Tourism as a negative influence
Basic need poverty Population with access to safe
drinking water (scarce resource that
will become more valuable with more
Travellers)
Ration no education M/F Population density
School net enrollments (esp.
secondary education)
Beach erosion (if not properly
managed by hotels)
Cellphone owners Environmental pollution (if no
sustainable waste management
system is implemented)
Fish population (although danger of
overfishing to supply hotels)
Renewable energy sources
Infrastructure
Traditional fuel use
Significant indicators of sustainability that could be affected by tourism
Based on the indicator analyses the current sustainability of
Pemba is about 60% with significant issues

77. 77
Especially the common Traveller area, the protected Ngezi forest has made
smart changes that not only preserve the environment but also impact social
and economic factors positively
• Only allowing guided tours allows Traveller education while at the same time having a
reason to charge fees and avoid Traveller environmental impact through wrongful
behavior in the forest
• Price discrimination policies enable local communities to use the forest while at the
same time charging reasonable but higher fees for non-locals and foreigner.
Adaptions to old systems have made significant progress
Drivers of positive change

78. 78
Positives
• Better education for our
children
• Better healthcare
• Higher standards of life for
locals
• Higher salaries for locals
• Thriving waters
• More protected land and water
zones
• Cleaner environment
• A unique and living island
• More government revenues

79. 79
Possitives
• Job opportunities
• Better education for our
children
• Better healthcare
• Higher standards of life for
locals
• Higher salaries for locals
• Thriving waters
• More protected land and water
zones
• Cleaner environment
• A unique and living island
• More government revenues
Tourism on Pemba - background

80. 80
Negatives
• Loss of culture
• Travellers not following local
customs
• Drugs
• Alcohol
• Prostitution
• High paid jobs going to
foreigners
• Increased crime
• People selling souvenirs, drinks,
massages, activities, beer on
beaches streets
• Pollution
• Busier infrastructure
• Harm to coral reefs
• Environmental problems of land
alienation
• Loss of fish/ farming lands
• Sea pollution
• Over-exploitation of marine
resources
• Loss of historical sites
• Rapid increase of hotels mainly
in coastal areas = beach erosion
Tourism on Pemba - background

81. 81
Low-end less than $100/day High-end over $300/day
More Travellers = More $?