This document contains definitions of Kalasha words beginning with the letter "a". It provides the Kalasha word, part of speech, definition, and sometimes examples. However, most of the text is gibberish as it is just repeating the letter "a".

1. a abe45
a
a1 EPron. I (Nominative); ¥©dÒ. [See the aba5t ka5rik «åsD¬ SDLE V. To give
Personal Pronoun Chart on page 475 children, to cause to have children; mÍà@L
below for other personal pronouns.] MVaWdm. ho5ma khoda5y aba5t ka5i a5au. God
Oblq: may ‘me’. Variant: haiksa has given us children.
(Urtsun). Etym: aha5m ‘I’ T-992. abatha5 DÖTDLE Adj. Wrong, inaccurate,
a2 E V. Came (past tense root of ik ‘to unlawful, bad, off target; ñóËøù ,ÙLrÑDÇ.
come’); MWdN. se a5-aw. He came. See also: abatha5 mon mo de. Don’t say things that
ik. are wrong. Syn: rat2; gala5t.
Past tense forms of ik abatha5 hik «æÕ DÖTDLE V. To become lost,
Singular Plural go astray by accident; MWaMij ÀÁV`ßWX. may
a5a ‘I came’ o5mi ‘we came’ pay kawa5y para5w haw abatha5 ha5waw.
a5a ‘you came’ a5Li ‘you came’ a ne sapre5s. My goat went somewhere
a5aw ‘s/he came’ on ‘they came’ and got lost. I didn’t find it.
a-1 -E Pfx. Not. a-mo5ndra su5da mon ko43 abatha5 ka5rik «åsD¬ DÖTDLE V. 1) To miss,
ne ka5riu day. A disobedient child does fail to find; MVaWdm áßÃ. a dur abatha5 a5ris.
not listen to instruction. [In our data this kho5ji ne sapre5s. I missed the house. I
prefix occurs in two words only.] See also: looked but I didn’t find it. 2) To
aSiSa. misrepresent someone’s words; )OSMWX(
aba5di äoDLE N. House; rßÇ. tante5 aba5di MWarà ÉnVXWZ. se may mon abatha5 ka5da.
sawze5l pu5traso. His son will build a He changed what I said.
house by himself. Syn: dur; khatuma5n. abatha5 parŒ‡k «åsDP DÖTDLE V. 1) To miss a
From: Persian. target; MWaáÜ Móil ,MWaMij Móil ÚWaMxzWa. bo43
abaDo45i äÜqDLE Adj. Childless (whether abatha5 para5w. The bullet missed (the
married or unmarried); mÍà@L ç_WX. Syn: target). Syn: nŒ‡}un parŒ‡k. 2) To lose one’s
isto5ra; hakta5; hinDa5w. way; MVaWdm áßà ÚVZyLq.
— N. Bachelor, spinster; ãqáVaà ,LqáVaÃ. aba5yo ÙñDLE Intj. Wow! (an exclamation of
aba5s {DLE Adj. Useless, bad; qMÂVdWX ,ÉáVïðýþ. surprise); )PSVdüþVdà ® ²L¡©di( ÙàL.
aba5s mon may ne kho}. I don’t like aba5yo dek «ño ÙñDLE V. To shout; MVahlVdik.
useless language. Syn: gaybana5; bey-}a5y; madra5k aba5yo da5i ma5iLa ki, may
phusu5l. pŒ‡STuna kŒ‡a kŒ‡baw hŒ‡u day? The frog
aba5s ka5rik «åsD¬ {DLE V. To waste cried out, “What is happening on my
something; MWarà öWeMVîð. wat aba5s ne back?” Gen: ma5trik ‘to say’; gho3%ik ‘to
kare5li. One should not waste time. say’.
aba5t abe45 ýLE N. Fenced-off place in a goat shed
aba5t hik «æÕ SDLE V. To have children; for the young goats and lambs; §šzWdáÒ
MWaáÜ mÍà@L. a5bi aba5t thi a5ik. We have ÚÅij ® çVaßÃq áà ÕáVaÑVdÒ ¥©dÒ çWaMil. Syn:
children. From: Persian. batya5 ku. Variant: ambe4. 5
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2. a5bi ac4u5ik
a5bi1 çLE Pron. We (nominative); ÐÜ. [See put a little flour in it! Syn: LŒ‡ga; Ant:
the Personal Pronoun Chart on page 475 c4hu5c4a; Zak. Variant: acho45yak.
below for other personal pronouns.] ac4ho43%ik1 «ÒåÝÖhE N. Story, fable; ²MÛÃ. may
Oblq: ho5ma ‘us’. Variant: a5i. Etym: kay ac4ho43%ik dye. Tell me a story! [The
asmad- ‘base of oblique cases plural of story may be true or fabricated.] Use:
1st person pronoun’ T-986. dyek ‘to tell’; Syn: khisa5. Variant:
a5bi2 çLE Pron. You (nominative, plural); ac4ha43%ik.
ORN. [See the Personal Pronoun Chart on ac4ho43%ik2 «ÒåÝÖhE N. The dry prickly leaf of
page 475 below for other personal holly-oak; MVZWY MßÃáy qLm çV`WaMÄ MÄ ñòáËWX ÙMyz.
pronouns.] Oblq: mŒ‡mi ‘your’. Etym: ac4o5Kki çªÑÙhE Adj. Crooked, bent; MÞruVdW`
yuSmad- ‘you plural’ T-10511. )rsVdik(.
abu5ji e ðC çßLE Id. Good morning!; gVXVî — N. Hook; LruÁWaN ,LpVaÃ. [Among other
¡©dhlWX. Lit: ‘Did you wake up?’. things these are used to lift the griddle off
a5but parŒ‡k «åsDP SßLE V. To make a the fire and hang it up. It is commonly
mistake; MWarà äóËøù. a5but ga5La him. It made from a forked branch.] Syn: a5SuK.
seems I have made a mistake. Syn: khataŒ‡ a5c4u1 ßhE N. Key made of a long wire;
hik; gala5t ka5rik; galtŒ‡ hik. flÎy ´ruVdW` ç_VdÌ çà çVaÌáßà ÙqsLàqm.
acha5mbi çMÉDÖdE N. Ceremony celebrating a5c4u ka5rik «åsD¬ ßhE V. To make a key
birth; ¤šzij rWY wzVdWeLnVdWY ® çhkWX. [This is for a wooden latch lock; çà çVaÌáßà ÙqsLàqm
performed five or six days after a birth. MWaMVaWX flÎy ´ruVdW` ç_VdÌ. a sim a5c4u ka5i
After purifying the mother with water and a5am. I have made a wire key.
juniper smoke, girls take burning branches a5c4u na4Œ‡ äJÍ ßhE N. Wooden lock, latch;
from the fire and run to the temple of MÂV`ßà MÄ çWarà nVaWX ÙqsLàqm MVaWX çy ãruÁÌ. Syn:
Jestak, make a bonfire and jump over the kulpŒ‡ na4Œ‡ ‘padlock’.
flames shouting, “a4cha5mbi a.” It is called ac4u5yak ¨DñßhE N. Key for a metal lock;
tuSuLe5k in Bumburet. It is known by this ªMik.
name only in Rumbur.] Syn: tuSuLe5k. See a5c4u2 ßhE N. Wild celery; äËÆVaij MÄ £šýÿ ÀÁWdL
also: o5ndru uchunde5k. ç_Þ MWZMij MWdMßà çxHij LmáWY.
achardŒ‡ni çÎåosDÖdE N. The wedge which ac4uaga5 D²CßhE N. The valley of Achuaga
holds the plough-share in place; ÖVdÒ ÊÝ between Rumbur and Bumburet; PSWdqáVXÑWX
ÊVdà ÍLà çWarà PShly áà MWaMßWY. Whole: haw1 ãmLà ÀÁWdL ® ÓMVdHÒqm çà qáVXÒq qà@L.
‘plough’. See also: kyu. From: Khowar. ac4u5ik «åßhE V. 1) To dry up and become
a5ci çdE Adv. 1) Back; wWYLà. a5ci i. Come hard from evaporation and age; rà ñßÃáEy
back! Syn: pi}tya5k. 2) Again; ÙqMWXàm. MWaMij áÜ PShly. payo5st ac4u5is. The goatskin
From: Khowar. shriveled up. Syn: SanJu5ik; Supu5kik. 2) To
acikre5Ti çYñtªædE N. Lower body (from close up from old age; MWaMij ruÃ@L. baza5 ac4u5i
waist to feet); ÚKVïi Îik‚ çy rÑà MÄ £šij. }Œ‡an (His) hands are closed up. 3) To
CPart: Dhim ‘upper body’; Whole: jhan sleep; MWaMij áy. Syn: SanJu5ik; Du5Dik;
‘body’. prasu5ik. 4) To hibernate; £›áÒ çà ãm¡›
aco45yak ¨DñÝdE Adj. Watery, thin (liquid); MWaMij áy ¥©dÒ. its ac4u5in. Bears hibernate.
ÎVZWY. ka4Œ‡ aco45yak hu5La, adhek at hŒ‡stik Prdm: Class 1 (ka5rik).
baS. The gravy is too watery, we need to
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3. adala5t aDue5k
ac4u5na DÍßhE Adj. Dried and hard; µáÞ ãruÃ@L ade5m ËñoE N. Adam (first man); ÏmN. CPart:
)rsVdik( ÀÁxzil. [Things that can become bibiawa5 ‘Eve (first woman)’. From:
dry are food and goatskins.] Ant: phla}; Arabic.
Syn: }ara5w; DaDe5; ka4kse5; kirko5T. ademza5t SCvÊñoE Adj. Very good, true;
adala5t S¸CoE N. Court; PSÌLnø. From: )ÚhkWX MÄ ÓMxWaHL( ,mLrsÒmN ,ÀÁVdW.a Lit: ‘born of
Arabic. Adam’. se bo ademza5t moc. He is a
adala5t ka5rik «åsD¬ S¸CoE V. To file a very good man.
case against someone in court; MWarà ÚÒnüÿÒ. adhe5 ôÕoE Pron. Some (of a larger group), a
dawa5 ka5i, may som adala5t a5raw. few; ñßhkDÃ. adhe5 a5sta may de. Give me a
Claiming that I had something of his, he few more!
filed a case against me in court. Restrict: — Adj. Some; ñßhkDÃ. adhe5 moc Œ‡ta a5an.
The object is marked by som ‘with’. See Some men have come. Syn: tŒ‡cak.
also: kameTŒ‡ ka5rik. — Adv. Some, a little bit. }atara5 pa5i
ada5m ÈCoE N. Body; £šij. Syn: jhan, jhand; ko5cik }uru5k ka5da. adhe5 ko5ciLa chak
kalŒ‡p; bada5n; khamŒ‡l; c4he43%a; jŒ‡som. dyŒ‡ta. Going there they began to dig. After
Variant: c4a (Urtsun). From: Arabic. they had dug a bit, the sun went down.
ada5p ka5rik «åsD¬ OCoE V. To be hospitable Etym: ardha5- ‘half’ T-644.
to someone, treat with respect; MWarà OQm@L. adina5 DÎåoE N. Friday; ÚA÷Ñij. From: Persian.
a5bi kaLa5Sa moc mŒ‡mi sa5win ha5tya adra5k ¨CsoE N. Forest, woods; ÊÆVaij. ta5ra
ada5p {e iza5t ka5rik day, ko5ki taLe5y dawra5nuna Da5ran ne Œ‡man a}Œ‡s ko5ki
mo5ndrani khoda5y kho}a5n hŒ‡u. We adra5k bo a}Œ‡s. At that time mud slides
Kalasha people treat you all hospitably and did not use to happen because there were
with respect because God is pleased with lots of wooded areas.
this kind of thing. Restrict: The object is a5dua CÞoE N. 1) Day; Óm. se ek a5dua ho5ma
marked by ha5tya ‘for’. Syn: parwarŒ‡} dur a5aw. One day he came to our house.
ka5rik. From: Arabic. Syn: bas1. 2) Daytime; PSýÿà MÄ Óm. a5dua
ada5t SCoE N. Habit, custom; OSmMø. hu5paLa ha5waw e, se para5w. When day came, he
ma5iLa ki, mic a tan ada5t pu5ra left. Etym: ardhadivasa- ‘noon’ T-654.
ka5riman a5is. The scorpion said, “I was adye5k «òñoE V. To run; MWaquàm. te
only doing what is habitual to me.” Syn: mandawja5wani adya5ini. They ran from
ama5l2. From: Arabic. the graveyard. Past(hearsay): adya5na
ada5t hik «æÕ SCoE V. To become ‘he/she ran’. Etym: *uddha2vati ‘runs
accustomed to, to become used to, to away’ T-2020?. Prdm: Class 3 (a5sik).
become habitual; MWaáÞ ãmMø. tay SiS ada5t adye5k adye5k hik «æÕ «òñoE «òñoE V.
thi }Œ‡au. Your head is used to it. To race; MWaMÆÌ quàm. su5da adye5k adye5k
ada5t ka5rik «åsD¬ SCoE V. 1) To cause an thi, labe45 hin day. The children are
act to become habitual; MWarà ãmMø. 2) To having a race. Gen: Labe45 ‘game’.
break in for riding; MWaMÞEny. ha3%}as aDue5k «ñÞqE V. 1) To blow up, cause to
bac4ho4a5as tha5ra nisŒ‡, moc to ada5t swell, inflate; MWaÎßEWY. 2) To spill; MWaMÆÌ ²MWY.
ka5rin. Men train a young colt by riding tu may no45ay uk aDua5i e, tha5i. You
him. have spilled the water under me, put it
down! Prdm: Causative I (sawze5k).
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4. aDu5ik ajŒ‡s
aDu5ik «åÞqE V. 1) To swell, bloat; ,MVaijáy ghe5ri mi ka5La ‘year after next’; Past1:
MVaÌáßWY. may khur aDua5w. My foot par ‘last year’; Past2: trŒ‡baS ‘year before
swelled. Syn: moroho5ku hik. 2) To flood; last’; Past3: trŒ‡baS Sumbe5ri ka5La ‘year
MWaN ²MWY. tay c4he5truna uk aDu5i }Œ‡au. before the year before last’.
Water has flooded the field. Prdm: Class 3 aj a5dua CÞoC [E Adv. Today; Óm MÄ fjN. Syn:
(a5sik). o5nja.
aDu5na DÍÞqE Adj. Swollen; ÍáßEWY ,LáÜ Mijáy aja5p ODE Adj. Remarkable, wonderful;
LáÜ. ÉMÑà ,PQVdhjø. aja5b krom ka5dais. It seems
aga5rak you have done a remarkable job! Syn:
ek aga5rak ¨CsD²E «ñC Adj. Same, equal; tajŒ‡b. Morph: aja5b. From: Arabic.
çxVdij ÀÁWdL ,rWXLrWX. e5mi du, ek aga5rak. aja5t SDE N. Need; PSijMi ,OSqà¡©îð. Syn:
These two are just alike. bŒ‡}i lu5ndur may zaru5rat. From: Arabic.
ha5tya o5ni te ek aga5rak hinorŒ‡ e. Bring aja5t hik «æÕ SDE V. To need
me twenty logs if they are all alike. something; MWaN wzVdWY OSqà¡©îð. may du
agaze5r dek «ño tñuD²E V. To bother; äÅVaWZ gak aja5t hin day. I need two cows (lit: to
MWarà váxhÒ. may a5nda dando45yakay me two cows are needed). Restrict: Note in
pe kŒ‡a paro5n haw, may di} agaze5r the example that the plural form of the verb
del. If I get something (stuck) here in my indicates that the verb is agreeing with the
tooth, it bothers me very much. plural topic ‘two cows’.
ageylŒ‡k «æ¶ò¯E Adj. Ill-behaved, aja5t ka5rik «åsD¬ SDE V. To use;
bothersome, insistent; çWarà ÀÅVaWZ ,ãnVîð MWarà ÉMÑ÷VZyL. Syn: gehe5k.
ÍLà. aja5ti çTDE Adj. Useful, necessary; nVdüþEÒ.
agra5ik «ñCt¯E V. To become tired; MVaÁßWZ. Œ‡a bo aja5ti i}neha5ri. This is a very useful
nyu pe a5ris haw, a agra5am. If I make thing. Syn: zaru5ri.
buttermilk, I get tired. Syn: khesma5t hik; aje5l ·òE N. 1) Death, the time for one to
guda5s hik; japaja5 hik; Zek hik; die; Êij@L. ta5sa aje5l {a5Li }ia5La. It was time
Past(hearsay): agra5La ‘he/she became for him to die. 2) Spirit of death; MÄ OSáÒ
tired’. Etym: a2ghra2payati ‘causes to ÚVZyzrýþ. aje5l {a5Li }Œ‡au. The spirit of death
smell’ T-1062. Prdm: Class 2 (ma5trik). has come. aje5l mo5cas jhan chaLe5l. The
agra5nu ßÍCt¯E N. Manger, feeding trough; spirit of death takes away a man’s life. See
çWaáÜ ÉMÑ÷VZyHL ç_VdÌ çà çVaÌLo ÙqMik áà ÕàqáWaMij also: weaje5lu. Variant: a{e5l. From:
nWaMWa ÍLà. See also: kuTo5 ‘feeding bowl’. Arabic.
aher tòÕE V. Took (past tense root form of ajho5na DÍÙÖE N. Guest; ÓM¢˜Ò. ajho5na pruST
ha5rik ‘to take’). ka5i parwarŒ‡} ka5ra. Give hospitality to
ainda5 CpÎåE N. The future; ÙnVaWeN. Proverb: your guests. Syn: menu5.
ainda5 cŒ‡ti, }o5ksuna pra5Smi. ‘Think ajho5na ka5rik «åsD¬ DÍÙÖE V. To invite
about the future, forget the past’. From: someone to one’s house for food and
Persian. hospitality; MWarà ãqsLáWa ÓM¢˜Ò.
aj [E Adj. This, this present, current; ,vL ,ÚWd ajŒ‡s ~æE Adj. Well-behaved, helpful,
fjN. aj ba5son. This spring. gentle, polite, courteous, humble; rsijMø.
a5j kaw ØD¬ [E Adv. This year; ÉMy vHL. Syn: }arŒ‡w; Ant: joSTo5ruk. From: Arabic.
Future1: ghe5ri kaw ‘next year’; Future2:
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5. a5jo alagu5l
a5jo ÙE Adv. Now; OQ@L. a5jo mŒ‡mi kŒ‡a aksaria5t SDåsD}©E N. Majority; PSWdrV^Ã@L.
ray? Now what is your decision? Syn: CPart: akalia5t ‘minority’. From: Arabic.
thedŒ‡; o5nja; di2. See also: aj. aktia5r sDæU©E N. Authority (of owner over
a5jtu ßUE Adv. After, from this time on; çà owned); qMVdVZilL. From: Arabic.
¥©dÒ n÷WX ,n÷WX. {o5}ani a5jtu o. After Joshi. aktia5t SDæU©E N. Care; ñòMVdVZiL. Syn: gawr.
a5jtu ghe5ri pe }e3he3 a5ri haw, tay tyem. From: Arabic.
From now on, if you do like that again I aktia5t ka5rik «åsD¬ SDæU©E V. To do
will hit you. Variant: a5Jtuo; a5yttuo. From: carefully; MWarà ñòMVdVZiL. }a5a }Œ‡}a
Khowar. thadaru5k, bi}Œ‡iu, aktia5t ka5ri. That glass
ak ka5rik «åsD¬ ¨E V. To defecate (as said is fragile, it will break, do it carefully.
to a child); õùqMýþ çy PSijMi öýþq MÄ ÕáhkWX aktia5tas tha5ra; CsDÖT {DTDæU©E Carefully;
MWaáÜ. Syn: ric4 ka5rik. çy ñòMVdVZiL. aktia5tas tha5ra ka5si. Go
akalia5t SDæµD¬E N. Minority; PSVdËýÿ@L. CPart: carefully!
aksaria5t ‘majority’. From: Arabic. a5kul ´ß©E N. Wisdom, character; Êüÿø.
akhabŒ‡r tæLDÖ©E Adj. Old (of people); MÞquáWX. a dima5k pruST, a5kul pruST. He has a good
akhabŒ‡r thi a5am. I have become old. Syn: mind and a good character. See also:
baSa5ra; kru3%kus; trak; ba5LuS; DuDo5nyak; dima5k; ze5hen. Variant: a5kal. From:
Inan: La5Zna. Arabic.
akhe5r tòÖ©E N. End, final time; rilN. saw thi a5kul hik «æÕ ´ß©E V. To become wise;
ga5La to, akhe5r kay ta5sa istri{agu5a4kas MWaáÞ Êüÿø. kŒ‡a tay a5kul ha5waw e, a5jo
hardŒ‡ da5das som mon dŒ‡kas ba5ti bo tu pruST mon pra? How is it that you
taK hu5La. After everyone left, in the end have become smart and today are speaking
the girl became very nervous about talking sense?
with her father. From: Arabic. a5kul kawa5 ne Sa5Tik «æXD‡ ôÍ CØD¬ ´ß©E
akherŒ‡ ätòÖ©E Adv. Finally, at last, for the Id. To be extremely confused, to not know
last time; ãrilN. akherŒ‡ manDra5k ma5iLa what to do; MVaWdm ÚWa ñßWZMy Êüÿø. Syn:
ki, pruST do3%yo3.... At last the frog said, dumac4ha5 (hik); markhanda5 hik.
“OK then...”. From: Persian. akulmŒ‡n, akulmŒ‡ndr spÎæʵߩE ,ÏæʵߩE
akhera5t SCtòÖ©E N. Trouble, hard work; Adj. Wise; nVaÒ Êüÿø. se bo akulmŒ‡n. He is
PSüÿxzÒ. From: Arabic. wise. a5sa akulbŒ‡n moc ne. He is not a
akhe45ik «æüÖ©E V. To get firm, hard; PShly wise man. Variant: akulbŒ‡n.
MWaáÜ. ja4u5 akhe4aw pe haw, phato to
3 5 akulwa5La ÂCٵߩE Adj. Wise; ÍLà Êüÿø. Syn:
o5nza no45una kay pace5m. When the zehenwa5La; hu}ia5r; kabŒ‡l; Ant: bey-a5kul.
walnut bread becomes firm, then I will a5la ¸E Adv. Up there, uphill; rWYàDL. kraka45ta
bake it under the griddle. Prdm: Class 1 a5la, hoTe5L o5gaLa. Krakal is uphill, the
(ka5rik). hotel is downhill. CPart: o5gaLa ‘down,
-aki ç©C- Vsfx. Adjectivizing suffix. se bo downhill’. Variant: ha5la.
SaT-a5ki. He is very aggressive (easily gets alagu5l ´ß¯¸E N. Bustle, rush, activity;
in fights). se braL-a5ki. He is prone to bite. ÊhkËÞ. mal grikwe5w bo alagu5l. When
se mon di-a5ki. She is prone to talk a lot. dowry is being collected there’s a big rush.
Restrict: This occurs on the root of the See also: gul.
verb.
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6. alapa5la hik aLaSŒ‡K
alapa5la hik «æÕ ¸DP¸E V. To be greedy a5La ek «ñC ÂE Pron. That other one
and avaricious (especially about eating); (accusative, present, remote); ÍLà L¡›àm.
MWaáÜ OQMWZ ç_WX ¥©dÒ rÁýþ çà çWaMßÃ. a5La ek bho5ni. Tie up that other one!
ala5t S¸E N. Difficulty, trouble; äWeáÜ ãrEWX — Adj. That other (accusative); L¡›àm. a5La
PSÌMi. zu5lum ka5i pe krom banda5an ek mo5c ta Lasa5i. Release that other man!
haw, mo5cas tha5ra ala5t hŒ‡u. If they are aLaha5k hik «æÕ ¨DÕÂE V. To be impatient;
cruel and make a man work really hard, it MWaáÜ ¡©XVî ç_WX. kŒ‡a aLaha5k thi a5as? Why
will be difficult for him. From: Arabic. are you impatient?
alba5t SDMµE Adv. Probably, perhaps; ,nWdMyz aLaSŒ‡K
ÚVZVXÌ@L. kawalŒ‡ak moc }e3he3% thŒ‡o guda5s aLaSŒ‡K hik «æÕ ±Òæ‡ÂE V. To elope
his day alba5t. A man working alone will with a man; ãmMyz çy §©îðrÒ §©aWYL MÄ ®ruÌ
become tired out, perhaps. a cŒ‡timan a5is MWarÃ. to istri{agu5a4k aLaSŒ‡K thi
ki se alba5t tara5 ni may ja da5das du5ra puruSgu5a4kas som parŒ‡u. Then the girl
ha5tya nŒ‡u. I was thinking that he will eloping goes off with the young man.
probably take us there and then take my aLaSŒ‡K jho5nta ka5rik DUÍÙÖ ±Òæ‡ÂE
wife to her father’s house. Syn: na5Kga; «åsD¬ V. To make a feast for a daughter or
ama5t...haw; kha5bar bŒ‡ko. From: Arabic. sister for their marriage; ®ruÌ n÷WX çà ãmMyz
alibe5 óMæµE N. Alphabet; ÓMWXqs MyzÎÄ qà@L àmqDL ¥©dÒ §›záil ® çWaN rßÇ çà ORMWX qMWX äËÛWY çÃ
äKhjÛWZ ÀýþàEri ®. MWarà gWXì qáWaMij.
aliphŒ‡k «æÖQæµE V. To follow and catch, aLaSŒ‡K ka5rik «åsD¬ ±Òæ‡ÂE V. To elope
keep up with someone; MVaVdÌ Mij. tu may with a girl; ãmMyz çy §©îðrÒ §©aWYL MÄ çÃruÌ
aliphŒ‡k ne abha5i. You could not keep up MWarÃ. a a5sta aLaSŒ‡K ka5i ja ka5i a5sam. I
with me. Prdm: Class 4 (nisŒ‡k). also eloped and got married. se to aLaSiK
alizaKgŒ‡ ç°ÑCvæµE N. Large seed of a certain a5raw. He eloped with her (lit: he eloped
plant about the size of a walnut used as her). se ka5as ja yaw aza5t, ta5sa kay
medicine for boils; MÄ çhÌMVïÒ çà £šýÿ ÀÁWdL aLaSŒ‡K ka5rik gho5an. Whether she is
gjVdWX. [This can be taken internally or someone’s wife or unmarried, they call it
applied externally.] eloping.
almarŒ‡ äsDʵE N. Cupboard, shelves; ãqM‹L. aLaSŒ‡K mura45 IsßÉ ±Òæ‡ÂE N. Couple that
From: Arabic. has just eloped; çWarà ãmMyz çy §©îðrÒ §©aWY@L
a5lu ßµE N. Potato; áÌN. Variant: ala5w Lquáij ÍLà. te aLaSŒ‡K mura45 thi a5an. They
(Urtsun). From: Persian. eloped (they have become an eloping
aluo5k ¨ØßµE N. Potato curry; MWXqáyz MÄ áÌN. couple). See also: mura45.
aluca5 DdßµE N. Plum, plum tree; LqMhlWX áÌN. aLaSŒ‡K parŒ‡k «åsDP ±Òæ‡ÂE V. To elope
Gen: muT ‘tree’; Seed: bŒ‡yak ‘pit’. From: with a man; ãmMyz çy §©îðrÒ §©aWYL MÄ ®ruÌ
Persian. MWarÃ. [When a girl agrees to elope, the man
a5La ÂE Pron. Him, her, it (accusative, comes secretly with a group of friends, for
present, remote); çyDL. protection, and takes her away to be his
— Adj. That (accusative, present, remote); bride. Afterwards, the new husband must
vDL. a5La krom ka5ri. Do that work! [See pay the former husband twice the price
the Personal Pronoun Chart on page 475 that he paid for the girl.] Onset: LaS
below for other personal pronouns.] ‘suddenly’.
8

7. aLa5y ama5l
aLa5y ðÂE Adv. There; Àýþrò vDL ,rÞmDL. aLa5yo a5Luk ¨ß¿E N. 1) Pumpkin, squash; ànÃ.
mo pa5ri. Don’t go there! CPart: anda5y Spec: meca5Luk ‘non-edible squash gourd’;
‘here’. Morph: aLa-ay. {uka5Luk ‘edible pumpkin or squash’.
aLa5y anda5y tyek «òòT ðCpÍE ðÂE Id. To 2) Gourd made from a pumpkin or squash;
search frantically here and there; rÞmDL rÞmHL ÔWZrWX MÄ çÁËßik çà ànÃ.
MWarà vzÎWZ. tara5 pa5i aLa5y anda5y po45mi, a5ma1 DÉE Pron. Him, her, it (accusative,
hi} kŒ‡a huS ne a5rimi. We looked present, near); áà vHL. se ni, na}a5 a5ma,
frantically here and there but we couldn’t gho3%i, ama5aw. He took him and said, “Kill
understand what was going on. him!” Rmot1: a5La ‘him/her (remote)’;
aLayalŒ‡a DæµDñÂE Adv. In that direction Rmot2: to ‘him/her (absent)’; Ques: ka5as
(away from speaker); áà rÞmDL. aLayalŒ‡a ‘whom?’.
pa5ri. Go in that direction! CPart: — Adj. This (accusative, present, near);
andayalŒ‡a ‘in this direction, toward ÚWd ,vHL. a5ma {a5yo kay {a ka5rik bha5as
speaker’. haw? a5m a5sta gaSTro5 ka5rik baS, ko5ki
aLe5y ô&ò¿E Adv. From there; çy ÕMÝà. nokphe5Tay a4Œ‡n kŒ‡Si a5am. How long will
aLayha5k ¨DÖñÂE Adv. Aside, away; áà rÞmDL. it take you to finish this water channel?
Ant: andayha5k. Morph: aL-ay-ha-k. This one also I must do quickly because I
Variant: aLaya5k; aLaha5k. have planted millet in the new field. [See
aLayha5k ka5rik «åsD¬ ¨DÖñÂE V. To take the Personal Pronoun Chart on page 475
aside; MWarà Àýþrò ÀÁWdL. se Tap to gri, below for other personal pronouns.]
aLayha5k a5raw. He quickly grabbed him Variant: am (used before vowels).
and took him aside. a5ma ek «ñC DÉE Pron. This other one
aLe5 ô¿E N. 1) Place where salt is found; Ùà (accusative, present, near); ÍLà ÚWd.
ç__Ü MWZMij MWdMWY ÀÁÑWa ÕMÛij ÚÅij. a5bi aLe5una — Adj. This other (accusative, present,
pa5i awa5jimi e, }a5ra on. When we went near); ÍLà ÚWd.
to the place of salt and watched and the a5ma2 DÉE Adj. Unripe, uncooked, raw; MhkÃ.
markhor came. 2) Block salt; rßVZWY MÄ ÀÁÑWa. au5 mochŒ‡kawo a5ma hu5La. The bread is
aLe5 pay lŒ‡in day. The goats are licking not cooked in the middle. Etym: a2ma5-
the block salt. See also: Lo43; biaLe5w. ‘raw’ T-1236.
-aLe5 ô¿C- Sfx. Possessing a large size of ama5l1 ´DÉE N. 1) Equinox (vernal and
something. koiST-aLe5 don. A bull having a autumnal); ÉLnVZøHL ñóüÿWa. ama5l dyŒ‡kas
large hump. SiKg-aLe5 don. A bull having ha5tya da} {e ca5wa bas }Œ‡au. It will be
large horns. 14 days until summer ends and fall begins.
aLe5La Ãò¿E Adv. Over there (out of view); [This is marked by a certain cedar tree in
MÄ ÕMÞà ,çy ÕMÞà. e5ko aLe5La-aw day tya5i Bumburet to which the sun reaches in its
a5au, e5ko ande5naw day tya5i a5au. One movement, thereby dividing winter and
guy hit from that side, one hit from this spring, and summer and fall.] See also:
side. CPart: ande5na ‘from here’; Ques: su5ri mo43; ne5La thon; he5man thon; su5ri
kawe5La ‘from where?’. thon. Variant: hama5l; hama5l thon.
aLgana5 DÍD³¿E N. The goal in a game of gaL; 2) O’clock; PSýÿà. takrŒ‡ban kŒ‡a aST
)ÊVdßÃ( ÉáÇ. baja5as ama5l }e3he3 Tem thi a}Œ‡s.
takrŒ‡ban du baja5as ama5luna Taliman
9

8. ama5l ame43%a
kha5na goS prekŒ‡ }Œ‡au. It was about eight ç__Ü MWZMij MWdMVaÒ çËÛWY çy çVaÁWY çà ÕáËßWY áij.
o’clock. About two o’clock Talaman [This ceremony happens before the
Khan’s barn collapsed. Syn: Tem; wat; ceremony of capturing a fox. Men shave
muda5. See also: zama5na. the heads of their lambs, and with the wool
ama5l dyek «òño ´DÉE V. To come or begin bring beans and walnuts to the altar. These
(of the equinox); MWaáÜ õà¡›z )MÄ qMÛWX(. ama5l are offered along with the juniper.]
praw. Spring has begun. ama5t...haw ØDÕ...SDÉE Adv. Perhaps; ÚVZVXÌL.
ama5l mastru5k ¨ÞtU|DÉ ´DÉE N. The first ama5t se iu haw. Perhaps he will come.
month of spring; ÚVaVdÛÒ ÎÛWY MÄ qMÛWX. Whole: jawarŒ‡ ne ubujŒ‡u day. a so5ma dyem
ba5son, ba5sond ‘spring’. Variant: hama5l day, phaw no4 pa5i ama5t ubujŒ‡u haw.
mastru5k. The corn is not sprouting. I will drag the
ama5l2 ´DÉDÕ ,´DÉE N. Habit; OSmMø ,ÊÑø. land in order to cover the seed. When it has
nazwa5r ka5rik }um ama5l. Using tobacco gone under the earth, perhaps it will sprout.
is a bad habit. may sigre5t hama5l Syn: na5Kga; alba5t; kha5bar bŒ‡ko.
ha5waw. I have a smoking habit. Spec: a5mbak ¨DMÉE Adj. Very filling (of food);
nazwa5r ka5rik ‘use tobacco’; Syn: ada5t. °Là çWarßWX PUVdWY ãnËij. a4Œ‡n a5mbak. Millet
Variant: hama5l. From: Arabic. is very filling. [Other foods classed as
ama5l ka5rik «åsD¬ ´DÉE V. To practice, to a5mbak are: }Œ‡li, daruga45, and ka5ras. All
do habitually; MWarà ÊÑø. se moc bo }um these grains are similar to millet.]
hama5l ka5riu day. That man has a very ambo45i äÝMÉE Adj. Lazy, ineffective, weak;
bad habit. ÊÝMÄ. [This word is used to berate someone
amalŒ‡ çµDÉE Adj. Habitual; ãmMø. a amalŒ‡ else.]
cay pia5w. I am an habitual tea drinker. ambu5r sßMÉE N. Pliers, forceps; vÎWY.
a5man ÌDÉE N. Peace, lack of war, subsiding ambu5r ge5ci dyek «ño çeò¯ sßMÉE Id. To
of an event; ÔÒL. a a5man kho}e5m, be very dark; LrVdÞnWa@L PREßÇ.
janja5lo ne. I like peace, not fighting. Syn: amc4he5k «òÖiÉE V. To fit together; ,MWaquáij
aphia5t; aramŒ‡; sukla5t; suku5n; khayr; MWaÎÒ çik‚My. darwaza5 Sit ka5i amc4ha5i.
sarajamŒ‡; uzurŒ‡; Ant: janja5l. From: Join the pieces of the door tightly together.
Arabic. Prdm: Causative I (sawze5k).
a5man hik «æÕ ÌDÉE V. To subside; † qàqs amc4ho5nu ßÍÙÖiÉE N. 1) Joint of wood or
MWaáÜ ÚVZxÜN ,MWaáÜ. ba5Sik a5man ha5waw. other material; quáij. 2) Joint, knuckle; quáij.
The rain subsided. Syn: nihu5njik. Syn: ban.
a5man ka5rik «åsD¬ ÌDÉE V. To make ame43%a ÐDüÉE N. 1) Sheep; ruVdßWX. [A female
peace; MWarà ÔÒL. janja5l a5man a5rimi. We lamb (if born in the spring) becomes a
made peace about the dispute. kumbre5yak the following fall, a badze5rak
amana5t SDÍDÉE Adj. Entrusted; PSWaMÒL. a ta5sa the following spring and an ame43%a the
amana5t i}neha5ri ta5sa pe{emŒ‡ a5am. I following fall. A male kid becomes a
gave him back the thing he entrusted me kumbre5yak the following fall, a meSaLa5k
with. From: Arabic. the following spring and a meS the
ama5tak sa5ras {CsD| ¨DTDÉE N. Ceremony following fall. When it is born it is called
at end of Chawmos (winter festival) to end an ame43%yak.] Gen: haywa5n ‘domesticated
sexual abstinence; ¤šzij §¨©XÜíÒ MÄ vzÎVdà animals’; malaha5l ‘domesticated animals’;
10

9. amŒ‡n anda5y
jho5nta ‘sheep, goats and cows’; a5mur ka5rik «åsD¬ sßÉE V. To command,
krizipo5Kgi ‘group of small edible order; MWarà ‡i. Syn: ho5kum ka5rik;
animals’; Male: meS ‘ram’; Sound: ba5}ik ho5kum dek. From: Arabic.
‘bleat’; Imp: ppru5}e ‘Get out of there’; an ÌE N. Mountain pass, boundary; Ùqm. Syn:
Product: paS ‘wool’; Child1: ame43%yak khanDe5r. From: Khowar.
‘lamb, m/f’; Child2: kumbre5yak ‘lamb -an1 ÌC- Sfx. Because; çy Úijà ®. a5yas ne
(m/f, 6-12 months old)’; Subadult: Œ‡k-an su5da tro5i phasa5t ka5i a5au.
badze5rak ‘lamb (female, one to one and a Because his mother did not come, the child
half years old)’; Subadult: meSaLa5k ‘lamb is crying very loudly.
(male, one to one and a half years old)’. ana5cu4i äãdDÍE N. The impure area in a
2) Ewe, adult sheep; ruVdßWX ÙmMÒ. 3) Female graveyard where women who die in
sheep of any age; ÙmMÒ. a5sa ame43%a. It’s a childbirth are buried; ÕMÛij ÓMVZy¡©Xýÿ ÀÃMWYMWa
female. Etym: me2NDha- ‘ram’ T-10310. áà OSqáø °Là çWaáÜ OSáýþ ÓLqàm çà äÅikqs
ame43%a ku ß© ¨DòüÉE N. Pen for sheep in ç__Ü MWZMij MVdà Ôýþm. Variant: ana5chu.
barn. anda5y ðCpÍE Adv. Here, in here; ÕMÛWd. anda5yo
ame43%yak ¨DÒòüÉE N. Lamb (one to five mo pa5ri. Don’t go this way! a5nday
months old, male or female); MÄ ruVdßWX ,MVaÑVdÒ tha5ray dyet. Put (it) here on this. Restrict:
ÚhkWX. [At this stage, to specify sex they say, The base form of this word is and, which
bire4%3 ame43%yak ‘male lamb’, or istrŒ†ak % is never spoken in isolation. The suffix -ay
ame43%yak ‘female lamb’.] Adult: meS ‘adult adds the meaning of ‘in’. Syn: aya5;
ram’; ame43%a ‘adult sheep’. ande5na; CPart: aLa5y ‘there’; Ques:
ame43%yak nisike5yn Ïòòªæ}æÍ ¨DÒòüÉE N. kawa5y.
The womb of a ewe; ²Lm ÚhkWX ® ruVdßWX. — Adv. Now; ÀÁWZ OQ@L ,çà OQ@L. kaya5w
ame43o5st V|ÙÒüÉE N. Sheepskin; ® ruVdßWX anda5y tu laha5z? How long have you been
ÉMßÃ. Gen: post ‘leather’. Morph: ame43%a sick (lit: from when to now are you sick)?
post. ande5y birŒ‡cio tu }e3he3% mo ba5ta ha.
amŒ‡n ÏæÉE See main entry: omŒ‡n. From now on, don’t be like this! Variant:
ami}a5w ØD„æÉE N. The house for shepherds a5nda (Birir).
in the high pastures; ® çVaÜq çà ç__ÜLàrik anda5y ka5rik «åsD¬ ðCpÍE V. To put
ÚÅij. something here or give to speaker; çVaWYL
ami}tyo5nu ßÍÙòU„æÉE N. Cheese dish of saco43% MVaWdm ç_ßhjÒ ,MVaVdÌ çÌ ¥©dÒ ÕáßWZMÞ. }a5la kuty5u
topped with hot butter; MÄ äßÇ qàL¡©dVaWY anda5y ka5ri a c4hir dyem day. Give me
ÙrsVdÒN. that funnel; I need to pour this milk (into a
amitra5 CtUæÉE Adj. Disobedient; ÓMÒrýþMWa. bottle).
Syn: amo5ndra; napharma5n. Variant: andayalŒ‡a DæµDñCpÍE Adv. In the direction of
ame5tra. Etym: amŒ‡tra- ‘enemy’ T-566. the speaker; áà Àýþrò vL. andayalŒ‡a ii.
amo5ndra CspÍÙÉE Adj. Disobedient and Come in this direction! CPart: aLayalŒ‡a
disrespectful; ÓMÒrýþMWa. amo5ndra su5da ‘direction, away from speaker’. Morph:
mon ko43 ne ka5riu day. A disobedient and-ay-ali-a.
child does not listen to instruction. Syn: andayha5k ¨DÖñCpÍE Adv. Near to speaker,
amitra5; napharma5n. Morph: a-mondr. here; Àýþrò vL. Morph: and-ay-ha-k.
11

10. anda5z ka5rik aKga5r
ande5y ô&ñpÍE Adv. 1) From here; çy ÕMÛWd. (Urtsun). Etym: ana2ha2ra- ‘abstaining from
2) From now; çy OQ@L. Variant: andye5y. food’ T-299.
andye5y pi}tya5k ¨DòU„æP ô&òñpÍE Adv. ano5ra ka5rik «åsD¬ CsÙÍE V. To be hungry;
After this, from now on, hereafter; çà vHL MVaÅÌ ÀÃáßWX. may ano5ra ka5i }Œ‡au. I am
n÷WX. hungry (lit: to me hunger has done). Syn:
anda5z ka5rik «åsD¬ uCpÍE V. To aim ze5ci dyek.
something at something; MVaVdÌ ÚWaMxzWa. tupe5k anpa5L ¾DQÍE Adj. Illiterate; ñÞruWY ÓL. From:
anda5z ka5i pa45aw. He aimed the gun and Urdu.
shot it. Syn: geche5k; niSa5n ka5rik. anze5k «ñvÍE V. To send something; MVahjVdßWX.
andazaŒ‡ äCuCpÍE Adj. Average size or a tay ka5Lun ta5sa ta5da anza5i a5is. I sent
number of, some (not much, not little); your shoes with him. From: Khowar.
† ÚWa ÙmMWdqs ÚWa ,ñóyà@L. batDaro5 bo }iha5L e? Prdm: Causative I (sawze5k).
ne la, kŒ‡a bo a5sta ne, andazaŒ‡. Were aKga5 D³ÑE Adj. Awake, alert, aware; öËóÒ.
there many rocks? No, not many extra, aKga5 hek «òÕ D³ÑE V. 1) To awaken
about average. andazaŒ‡ a}Œ‡s, kŒ‡a gho5na someone; MWaMÆij. a to aKga5 ha5i a5am. I
ne. It was average-sized, not very big. woke him up. Syn: TŒ‚ek; buje5k; uSTe5k.
† 5
ande5na DÎñpÍE Adv. From here, local; ,±MüÿÒ 2) Remind, cause to remember; MWaLrà mMWd.
MÄ ÕMÛWd. ande5na chaLa5i. Take it out over aKga5 hik «æÕ D³ÑE V. 1) To stay awake or
here! ande5naw moc. The people from alert, wake up; MVaÇMij. a ne Du5Dim, a,
here. Restrict: The base form for this word aKga5 him. I will not sleep, I will stay
is anden, which is never spoken in awake. Syn: hu5}una hik. 2) To remember;
isolation. The suffix -a, adds the meaning MWaN mMWd. a tay mon aKga5 ha5wis. I
of ‘in’. Syn: anda5y; aya5; CPart: aLe5La remembered your word. Syn: ya5di hik;
‘over there’; Ques: kawe5La. Variant: pha5kum ka5rik.
ane5na (Birir). aKga5 ka5rik «åsD¬ D³ÑE V. To warn
andiaLa5y ðÂDåpÍE Adv. Around this area; someone, alert; MWaÍm mMWd. se may aKga5
rÞmDL rÞmHL. Lit: ‘here and there’. te a5raw, }ato5 krom kare5li ghoi. He alerted
andiaLa5y jaga5an. They looked all around me to do the work.
themselves. Morph: anday aLay. aKga5r sD³ÑE N. Fire; ÀÇN. aKga5r hŒ‡u day. The
ane5na DÎòÍE See main entry: ande5na. fire is burning. Etym: a5Kga2ra- ‘glowing
anŒ‡} …æÍE N. The village of Anish in charcoal’ T-125.
Bumburet; ÕàâMÈ ÀÁWdL MÄ PSWdqáVXÑWX ãmLà. aKga5r hik «æÕ sD³ÑE V. 1) To be angry;
Variant: anŒ‡s. MWaáÜ ÍáÅWX ÀÇN. a5bi mic ma}ku5l hik
anja5rum ÈÞsD]ÍE N. Clothing; vMVXÌ MWd æruVYÃ. day. tu aKga5r thi khe3 his day. We are
Syn: cewbe5w; sambŒ‡uni. From: Khowar. only talking. Why are you getting angry?
anjŒ‡l ·æ]ÍE N. Measure of one handful; Syn: ka5har ka5rik; thun hik; kaha5ri hik;
rßWX äßV`EÒ. Create: dha5rik ‘to make’. See oS hik; rhoS ka5rik. 2) To be quick; rsVdWZ
also: paSu5k; khoS; nŒ‡muS; jiS, jiST; hast; MWaáÜ qMVZýþq. du moc phond paha5ra aKga5r
caw a43%gu. thi paro5n. Two men went very fast along
ano5ra CsÙÍE N. Hunger; ÀÃáßWX. CPart: Da5han the road.
‘thirst’. See also: lŒ‡ta. Variant: ana5ra
12

11. aKgrŒ‡s apra5ti
aKgarŒ‡}ti çU„åsD³ÑE N. Fireplace in a goat ara5aw. ghe5ri apa5w praw. The dog also
shed; ÚÅij ® çWaÎij ÀÇN ¥©dÒ ÚWaMil §šzWdáÒ. barked. Then he stopped.
Syn: iKgro5k; mukharŒ‡. apa5w die5k «òåo ØDPE V. To cause to stay,
aKgarwa5t SCØsD³ÑE N. Flintstone, flint-rock; live, wait; MWaL¡˜VdßW`. a tay apa5w die5s. I
rßVZWY MÄ úMÑüÿik. kha5sak ma5sak ko4a5y ek made you stay. Prdm: Causative I
awa5ta koTa5io, aKga5r upua5n aKgarwa5t (sawze5k).
gri. They gather up tinder, make a pile, apha5t SDÖPE N. Evil, disaster, trouble,
and using the flint-rock they light a fire. misfortune, sickness, spiritual harm; PSýþN.
Morph: aKgar-bat. See also: Jac4 ey khoda5y ho5ma ha5tya sa5raK ha.
dando45yak; cama5k. apha5t bhala5 de5}a ka5ri. }u {e trip
aKgrŒ‡s ~åt°ÑE N. Western person; rsWdrÅWaL. phu5Si patia5li hŒ‡sti. O God, protect us.
From: English. Send evil spirits far away. Blow away fear
aKgu5 ß°ÑE N. Vine; ÊVdWX ® qáÅWaL. Do: pilŒ‡ik and suffering and send them away to the
‘to climb or run’. From: Persian. wilderness. ta5sa mo5cas apha5t khu45i,
aKgu5}tyar sDòUƒß°ÑE N. Ring; äßW`áDÅWaL. ana5}aw. Evil attacked that man and he
aKgu5STyar a4Kgu45ay dyŒ‡is. You put your died. Do: khu4ik ‘to happen’; {a5Lik ‘to
5
ring on your finger. Use: dyŒ‡ik ‘to put on, happen’; Syn: }umŒ‡; bhala5; c4ha5Kgar.
don’. Variant: aKgu5}ter; aKgu5}tar; From: Arabic.
u}tumrŒ‡k (Urtsun). aphia5t SDæÖPE N. Comfort, peace, rest;
aKguSTye5 mu5{ik «åwßÉ ôòY‡ß°ÑE V. To PSVdHýþMø. laha5sas ha5tya tŒ‡cak aphia5t thi
play “hide the ring”; MÄ µMVYßEik äßW`áÅWa@L }Œ‡au e? Is the sick man a little bit better?
ÊVdßÃ. Gen: Labe45 ‘game’. ey ho5ma paydagara5w tu ho5ma ha5tya
aKguTŒ‡ çXß°ÑE N. Spare room for guests; aphia5t ka5ri. O our God, give us peace.
ÚWaMil ÓM¢˜Ò. Syn: aramŒ‡; suku5n; sukla5t; khayr; ama5n;
aKgu5{i äwß°ÑE N. Spatula for turning bread; sarajamŒ‡; uzurŒ‡. From: Arabic.
MV`Ñik. See also: dro3cik. Etym: aKkus5a-
% 4 5 aphsu5s {ß}ÖPE N. Regret, sorrow; váxýþ@L.
‘hook, driver’s hook’ T-111?. ba5ya may bo aphsu5s ha5waw, kŒ‡a
apaco43%i dyek «òño ÓåÝdDPE V. To hop on ka5rim? Brother, I am very sorry, what
one foot; MVaËik rà MßW`L ÀÅWaMW` ÀÁWdL. tu should I do? Syn: peSmanŒ‡. From: Persian.
apaco43%i dye. You hop! Syn: ThakaTha5Kka apŒ‡l ·æPE N. Legal appeal; ÊVdIWYL. From:
hik. English.
apac4u5 ßhDPE Intj. Ouch!; ÀýþDL. maDra5k, aprasta5 DU|CtPE Adj. Lazy, weak,
apac4u5, may piST du5aw day, gho3%i incompetent; PSxEy. Œ‡a kŒ‡a aprasta5
ma5iLa. The frog said, “Ouch! My back is ha5waw? How did this man become so
burning me!” Variant: apac4a5w. lazy?
apa5k ¨DPE N. Leather pocket for stone in apra5ti çTCtPE Adj. 1) Dull, cloudy, dirty,
slingshot; ²Lm ÊVdËøù. Whole: thom dar unclear; ûWaàq ç_WX. }i}a5 apra5ti thi }Œ‡au.
‘slingshot’. The mirror has become dirty or cloudy.
apa5w dek «ño ØDPE V. 1) To stay, live; MVaÜq. phuTu5 apra5ti thi }Œ‡au. The photo has
tay pi juda5 thi apa5w dek ne bha5am. I become dull. Syn: khado4o5k; nazŒ‡.
cannot live separated from you. 2) To stop 2) Faded, withered. bŒ‡Sa apra5ti thi }Œ‡an.
doing something; MWaN qsMWX. }o43%a a5sta The laburnum flowers have faded.
13

12. apsa5r asa5r
apsa5r sD}PE N. Officer; ¡šýþL. From: English. MWaáÜ ÏrÇ rWY qáò §šVaij MÄ ÕàqáWaMij. bŒ‡ra
ar1 sE V. Did (past tense root of ka5rik ‘to kho5jin day, aru5Zini. They want a male
do’); MVdHÃ. See main entry: ka5rik. goat; they are in heat. Syn: }uthu5k kho5jik;
ar2 sE N. Awl; ãqMVZEy ,ÚÌN MÄ çWarà flLqáy. SuKgu5 kho5jik. Prdm: Class 3 (a5sik).
ar {e sa5ras badrŒ‡ gri sŒ‡in. They weave arwa5 CØsE N. Spirit, soul (of a dead person);
a juniper basket with an awl and a strips of fàq. wa5waw arwa5as oS thŒ‡ }Œ‡au. Your
juniper wood. grandfather’s spirit has become angry. ey
araba5 DLCsE N. Tire, wheel; ÚVdÛWY. arwaha5n, Œ‡ta, {u5i {e pŒ‡o pa5ra. O
ara5m mos {ÙÉ ÈCsE N. Meat of animals ancestors, come, eat, drink, then go. [This
which have been killed by decapitation or is said to call the spirits of deceased
by the Kalasha; PSyzáÇ ÏLri. [This kind of ancestors to dine.] From: Arabic.
meat is only offensive to Muslims, whose arza5n ÌCusE Adj. Cheap; MVZxy. Syn: aska5n;
method of killing differs from the Kalasha Ant: gira5n; kima5t. From: Persian.
method.] From: Arabic. arzŒ‡ äusE N. Case, complaint; ÚÒnüÿEÒ.
aramŒ‡ çÉCsE N. Rest, relief; ÏLqN. laha5sas Variant: harzŒ‡.
ha5tya tŒ‡cak aramŒ‡ thi }Œ‡au e? Is the sick arzŒ‡ dek «ño äusE V. To file a case
man a little bit better? Syn: aphia5t; suku5n; against someone, accuse; MWarà ÚÒnüÿÒ. koki
sukla5t; khayr; ama5n; sarajamŒ‡; uzurŒ‡. se may duka5n chŒ‡ni a5au, a ta5sa
From: Persian. khila5una arzŒ‡ dem. Because he broke
arma5n ÌDÉsE N. Desire, longing, spell, into my store, I will file a case against him.
enchantment; MKVaÑWZ ,ÓMÒq@L. o bambariu5} se may tha5ra arzŒ‡ praw. He accused
tu5ta may hŒ‡sti pa5i de5ntuna bic4hira5. a5o me.
tay arma5nuna chom tha5ra dunia5una a5sa D|E Pron. 1) He, she, it (nominative,
aka5sis. O beautiful flower, you have left present, remote); Ùà. Acc: a5La; Oblq: a5sa.
me and gone to the mountain and 2) His, her, its (genitive, present, remote);
blossomed. I have walked all over the earth MÄ vDL. a5sa da5da goT moc hu5La, pu5tr-as
(lost) in your spell. Syn: i}k; a}ekŒ‡; na5us; ne pa5}iu day. His father must be crazy,
kuTrŒ‡ts; ray. From: Persian. he does not look after his son. 3) Him, her,
aro5ik «åØsE V. To ripen or get fully formed; it (dative, present, remote); áà vDL. da5das
MVaÁWY. e5mi ka4a45k aro5un pa5i }Œ‡an. This a5sa ne bande5l lay hu5La. It seems his
grain has become hard. Past(hearsay): father is not teaching him. 4) Him, her, it
aro5na ‘it got ripe’. Prdm: Class 1 (ka5rik). (oblique, present, remote); çà vDL. a5sa kay
a5ru ÞsE N. 1) Peach; àquN. Gen: me3wa % nasia5t ka5riu. He will give advice to him.
‘fruit’. 2) Peach tree; PSilqm MÄ àquN. Seed: — Adj. That (present, remote); Ùà. }-a5sa
bŒ‡yak; Gen: muT ‘tree’. Etym: *a2Du- jaha5s kŒ‡a a5sa. That vehicle, what is it?
‘peach’ T-1103. [See the Personal Pronoun Chart on page
-a5rum ÈÞsC- Vsfx. Ability. geh-a5rum. 475 below for other personal pronouns.]
Utensils. anj-a5rum. Clothing. ulu-a5rum. asaka5l ´D¬D|E N. Village headman; ,±mN LruWX
Flying things. {u-ba5rum Edibles. Variant: MÑVaÜq.
-ba5rum. asa5r sD|E N. Effect; rW^L. From: Arabic.
aru5Zik «åyÞsE V. To be in heat (of a goat); asa5r ka5rik «åsD¬ sD|E V. 1) To affect or
,MWaáÜ LnVdWY wzÜLáil §šVaij ¥©dÒ ÕàqáWaMij influence someone; MWarà rW^L. tay nasia5t
14

13. a5si a5spar
may tha5ra asa5r ne a5raw. Your words asiru5 Þtæ|E N. People of one’s house,
have no effect on me. ta5sa pu5tras household; ÙnWaMÒ äýÿMWX. ba5ki asiru5 tante5
na5}ikani ta5sa tha5ra bo asa5r a5raw. He goST hawyu5 dyen. The rest of the
was deeply affected by the death of his household will try (to build again) the barn
son. 2) To help, improve; MWarà rW^L. gole5y for themselves.
SiS trupa5ikas ha5tya asa5r ne a5raw. The aska5n ÌD−|E Adj. 1) Easy; MVZxy ,ÓMyN. cira5w
pills did not improve my headache. dawaŒ‡ sawze5k aska5n may ja5a ha5tya. Making
asa5r ka5i, may kuc sua5is. The medicine bread baskets is easy for my wife. Ant:
helped and my stomach got better. gira5n. 2) Cheap. Syn: arza5n; Ant: gira5n;
a5si ç|E Pron. 1) Their (present, remote); kima5t. From: Persian.
MÄ ÓDL. 2) To them (present, remote); áà ÓDL. asma5n ÌDÊ|E N. Sky; ÓM¢›N. Syn: di. From:
3) Them (oblique, present, remote); çà ÓDL. Persian.
— Adj. Those (genitive dative, or oblique, asmu5n ÌßÊ|E N. Test, trial; wzWeMÒqsN. Syn:
present, remote). [See the Personal intiha5n; a}ma5i}. From: Persian.
Pronoun Chart on page 475 below for asmu5n ka5rik «åsD¬ ÌßÊ|E V. To test
other personal pronouns.] See also: e5Li. someone; MWaMÒqsN. Syn: a}ma5i} ka5rik.
a5sik «æ|E V. To be (of animate beings); a5spak ¨DQ|E N. Crotch of pants; MÄ qLáËyz
MWaáÞ )qLnWaMij(. ka5ymina, ka5ymina ek ic4 ¤›N.
a5s-ta. Once upon a time there was a bear. a5spaLa ÂDQ|E N. Door header; PUßÃáik.
Restrict: as is frequently shortened to a. In Whole: dur ‘house’.
this way, a5s-an ‘they are’, becomes a5-an, aspa5ndur sÞpÍDQ|E N. A kind of seed which
as-au ‘he is’, becomes a5-au, and so on. is burned for its smoke to counter evil
Past(hearsay): a5sta ‘he/she was’; Past: influences; çy wij gjVdWX MÄ £šýÿ ÀÁWdL
a5sis ‘he/she was’; Inan: }ik ‘be ç__Ü MWZMij MVdà MWaáW` MÄ ¥©dWeáÞm. suda5yakano
(inanimate)’; Ppl: thi. Etym: a2%sate2 ‘sits, aspa5ndur ku}e5n. They put children in the
exists, remains’ T-1480. Prdm: Class 3. smoke of this seed. [This seed is put on
Class 3 Suffixes burning coals and the baby held in the
Singular Plural smoke to keep them from crying and to
a5s-am ‘I am’ a5s-ik ‘we are’ drive away evil spells.] Use: ku}e5k ‘to
a5s-as ‘you are’ a5s-a ‘you are’ blow’; thume5k ‘to blow’.
a5s-au ‘s/he is’ a5s-an ‘they are’ aspa5p ODQ|E N. Possessions (tools,
a5s-is ‘I was’ a5s-imi ‘we were’ foodstuffs etc., which are stored); ,qLqsà@L
a5s-i ‘you were’ a5s-ili ‘you were’ ÓMÒMy. Syn: sama5n; geha5rum; Spec:
a5s-is ‘s/he was’ a5s-ini ‘they were’ bho5Kki ‘adze’; coTa5 ‘hammer’; gir ‘saw’;
a5sil ·æ|E Adj. Factual, real, genuine; ÊVîL. jaba5l ‘crowbar’; nigho5n ‘chisel’; randa5
aLe5y a5sil kisa5 ta }a5sa. That is the factual ‘plane’; cu5muSTi ‘chisel’; tso5gun ‘chisel’;
story. Syn: sahŒ‡; su5ca; a{LŒ‡. From: Arabic. nasku5n ‘ash-raking tool’; u{u45i ‘pick’; }ar
a5siKga D³Òæ|E N. Cooked thigh piece of a ‘file’; ia4k ‘poker’; barma5 ‘drill’; beDŒ‡r
5
goat or sheep; äWeáÜ äWeMÂWY ® ruVdßWX MWd ærÁWX ‘sledge hammer’. Morph: aspa5b. From:
ÓLq äËßhkIWY. CPart: baza5yak ‘front leg’; Arabic.
Whole: khur ‘leg’. a5spar sDQ|E N. The village of Aspar in Birir
Valley; ÕàâMÈ ÀÁWdL MÄ rWdrWX.
15

14. aspa43%i a}raphŒ‡
aspa43%i ÓåJQ|E N. The Aspani clan; ãmLà ka5i urte5k ne bha5an. Not everyone can
ÚËVdVXýÿ ÀÁWdL MÄ PSWdqáVXÑWX. Gen: kam1 ‘clan’. court someone and be successful. Restrict:
a5sta1 DU|E Adv. 1) Also, too; äßWX. kaga5s The person being courted is marked by
a5sta tha5i. Put the paper back, too. cŒ‡tiso som ‘with’.
ne day ki aya5 du5ra kŒ‡a ka5rik baS a}ekŒ‡ çªòƒE N. Romantic attraction, love;
a5sta. Don’t you think that anything else äüÿyzMø. ne cŒ‡ti a}ekŒ‡ aba5s. Love is
needs to be done around the house? useless if it is mindless. ta5si a}ekŒ‡
2) More, very; ÙmMWdqs. batDaro5 bo }iha5L e? duSmanŒ‡una bade5l ha5waw. Their love
ne la, kŒ‡a bo a5sta ne, andazaŒ‡. Were turned to enmity. Syn: arma5n; i}k. From:
there many rocks? No, not many extra, Arabic.
about average. adhe5 a5sta may de. Give a5}i çƒE N. Mouth; ÚVaEÒ. Whole: jhan,
me a few more! 3) Ever. tay ha5tya jhand ‘body’. Variant: ha5si (Urtsun).
kawe5y a5sta khu5raka o5nim. I will bring Etym: a2sya8- ‘mouth’ T-1533.
food for you from wherever. a5}i Sa5TiLa ÃæXD‡ çƒE N. Dumb person; ç_WX
a5sta2 DU|E V. He was, they were (hearsay); MÆWaáÇ ,ÓMWXqs.
MßWZ. a}kara5 ka5rik «åsD¬ CsD−ƒE V. To speak
a5stru ÞtU|E N. Tears; áxWaN. Do: SiSirŒ‡k ‘to openly; MWarà LqMÂyzN. tu mon ku5cay ko
flow or fall’. Etym: a5s5ru- ‘tear’ T-919. thawe5s day? a}kara5 ka5i de e, moc
asuo5ga D²Øß|E Adj. Juicy (of fruit); ÍLà vq. saKga5an. Why do you keep your words
a} ‚E V. Ate (past tense root of {uk ‘to eat’); inside? If you say them openly people
MßÃ. Prdm: Class 1 (ka5rik). listen to you. From: Persian.
Past tense of {uk a}ma5i} …åDʃE N. Test, trial, temptation;
Singular Plural wzWeMÒqsN. Syn: intiha5n; asmu5n. Variant:
a5}is ‘I ate’ a5}imi ‘we ate’ asma5i}. From: Persian.
a5}i ‘you ate’ a5}iLi ‘you ate’ a}ma5i} ka5rik «åsD¬ …åDʃE V. To test
a5}aw ‘s/he ate’ a5}an ‘they ate’ someone’s character by observation;
a}diha5r sDÖåpƒE N. Dragon; MÞmqt@L. See also: MWarà wzWeMÒqsN. a tay a}ma5i} ka5i a5am. tu
noK. Variant: a{deha5r. From: Persian. he4 ne ka5ris. mo5can som janja5l ne
a}e5k «òƒE N. Lover; ûyzMø. a5sa ta5sa ka5ris. mo5can ha5tya mon ne des, tu
a}ek. That’s her friend. From: Arabic. }um moc gho3%i. tu pruST krom ka5rim
a}e5k hik «æÕ «òƒE V. To fall in love, be gho3%i cŒ‡tis. }atala5ko a jho5nim, tu pruST
romantically inclined toward someone; moc. I have observed you. You don’t steal.
MWaáÜ ûyzMø. a ta5sa ha5tya a}e5k ha5wis. I You don’t argue with people. You don’t
fell in love with her. te ogoe5gin ha5tya deride people. You think about doing good
a}e5k hin. They fall in love with each things. Therefore I know that you are a
other. Syn: hardŒ‡ Sa5Tik; hardŒ‡ parŒ‡k; good person. Syn: asmu5n ka5rik.
parwana5 hik. a}o5 ÙƒE N. Rag; LrußVZVdHik MÄ æruVYÃ. Syn: lok;
a}e5ki gho43 ÐÝÖ¯ çªòƒE N. Love song; Use: drŒ‡Kkik ‘to wipe’.
PSVdÇ ÚVdüÿxzø. a}raphŒ‡ çÖPCtƒE N. Gold coin, treasure;
a}ekŒ‡ ka5rik «åsD¬ çªòƒE V. To court äýþ¡›zL. pha5to ko5ci to mis chiLa5La.
someone; MWarà äüÿyzMø. a}ekŒ‡ har ku5ra mŒ‡say bo a}raphŒ‡ }iha5La. Then when
they were digging they broke the pot. In
16

15. a}u5pi ka5rik atŒ‡k
the pot were many gold coins. From: aSke5k «òª‡E V. To dislike; MWarà nVaxWYMWa. tu
Persian. kuŒ‡nDa pa5}i aSke5s day. You don’t like
a}u5pi ka5rik «åsD¬ çP߃E V. To disfigure, kuŒ‡nDa cheese. nawa5nc phond pa5}i
mess up; MWarà ÙqMÄMWa. sŒ‡ik ta ne bha5as aSke5s day. You don’t like a dangerous
day. mic may pira5n a}u5pi mo ka5ri. trail. Syn: dic4hŒ‡ik; Ant: pon dek. Prdm:
You can’t sew. Don’t go and make a mess Causative I (sawze5k).
of my shirt. aST Z‡E Num. Eight; ñßW`N. Etym: aSTa2%
aS †E N. Shoulder; MÞnVaÃ. Whole: jhan, ‘eight’ T-941.
jhand ‘body’. See also: ka5Ltu ‘on one’s a5SuK ±Ñ߇E N. 1) Forked branch used for
shoulder’. Etym: aSThi- ‘bone’ T-958. spinning goathair; ÚÌN MÄ çVaWZMÄ §›q. See
a5Sa thek «òÖT D‡E V. To carry on also: ko5nDik; LaTore5k. 2) Hook; ,LpVaÃ
shoulder; MWaMßW`DL rWY ç_ÞnVaÃ. a5Sa tha5i griŒ‡. LruÁWaN. [Among other things these are used
Carry it on your shoulder. Gen: ha5rik ‘to to lift the griddle off the fire and hang it
carry’. up. It is commonly made from a forked
aSgha5r sDÖ°‡E Adj. Very bitter; äÜ PSÛWX branch.] Syn: ac4o5Kki.
LàruÃ. tu a5ma kŒ‡a aSgha5r ka5i a5as. How at1 SE N. Flour; MW`N. [Flour is thought of as
bitter you have made this! Syn: cŒ‡STaka; being o5njeSTa ‘pure’ by the Kalasha
i}ke5T; ciSTha5ki. people.] Etym: *a2rta- ‘flour’ T-1338.
a5SiSa Dˆæ‡E Adj. 1) Widowed; ÙáVdWX. a5SiSa at2 SE V. Fell (past tense root of pa5Lik ‘to
istrŒ‡{a. A widowed woman. Syn: weso5ru; fall’); LrÇ. wa5naga tu a5ti pe haw, uk
weberu5u; CPart: weja5u ‘unmarried (of tay ha5riu. a5o ghe5ri tay grŒ‡ik ne
men)’. 2) In mourning because someone of bha5am. Perhaps if you fall, the water will
a person’s direct family has died; çà OSáÒ take you away. I will not be able to save
)MWaáÜ( ¥©dÒ váxýþL. [If a person’s relative you again. See also: pa5Lik. Etym:
dies, he or she is called a5Sisa until the *a2pta2yati ‘falls’ T-1218.
burial. If in mourning, the men take off Past tense of pa5Lik
their hats and the women take off both Singular Plural
their headdresses. After the burial, the men a5tis ‘I fell’ a5timi ‘we fell’
put their hats on but let their beards grow a5ti ‘you fell’ a5tiLi ‘you fell’
until the next festival. The women only put a5taw ‘s/he fell’ a5tan ‘they fell’
on their outer headdresses until the next ate5k «òTE V. 1) To bring in, take in, cause
festival.] Morph: a-SiS. See also: }ok. to enter; MWarà ÊilLm qnWaL. a5bi peS ate5k.
Etym: as5ŒrSa5n- ‘headless’ T-912.
… We will put the manure inside. 2) To have
— N. Widow; ÙáVdWX. Syn: weso5ru; sexual intercourse with; ¥©dÒ ûË÷WZ §šVaij
weberu5u. MWarà qnWa@L. [This is used euphemistically for
aSka5 dek «ño D−‡E V. 1) To sigh; MWarßWX ÙN. a intercourse.] Restrict: Only men are actors
aSka5 pra. I sighed. 2) To feel sorry; vrWZ for this verb. Past(hearsay): ata5La ‘he/she
MWaN. }o43%a na}aikwe5w pa}i, may sak took in’. Prdm: Causative I (sawze5k).
aSka5 praw. When I saw them killing the atŒ‡k «æTE V. To enter; MWaáÜ ÊilLm qnWaL. te
dog, I felt very sorry. Syn: wal dek; gam du5ra ato5n. They entered the house.
{uk. Variant: iSka5 dek. Reversive: nihŒ‡k ‘to come out’;
17

16. ato5k aw
Past(hearsay): atu5na ‘he/she entered’. I be cursed! Without intending to, I must
Etym: a5tye2ti ‘comes upon, goes by’ T- have bumped into you.
227.2. Prdm: Class 4 (nisŒ‡k). au5 ÞE N. Bread, food; MWaMßà ,−àq. au5 ka5rim
ato5k ¨ÙTE N. Flour water left from cleaning e? Shall I prepare dinner? Syn: bhot; pa4pa4; 5
the bread bowl; ²MWY LáÜ ÎÒ MW`N. [This is Spec: tasŒ‡Li ‘chapatti’; tasŒ‡li para5Tha
heated into a kind of porridge into which ‘chapatti fried in clarified butter’; pu5rpur
other scrap edibles are mixed and then au5 ‘bread layered with walnuts’; ja43u5
given to the cows to produce more milk.] ‘walnut filled bread’; ca4ha5ka ‘thick corn
atra5 CtTE Adv. There (away from speaker, in bread’; mos au5 ‘meat bread’; au5 ku}u5ruk
sight); ÕMÝà. Syn: tara5; CPart: aya5 ‘here’. ‘small round bread for children’; TaTo5ri
Etym: a5tra ‘there’ T-228. ‘thick bread, often stuffed with walnuts’;
a5tra day ðCo CtTE Id. By that way; vDL bilŒ‡li ‘walnut bread, made with batter not
çy çVZyLq. Ques: kawa5 day?. dough’; peS sa5li au5 ‘fertilizing men’s
atrŒ‡li ç¶åtTE Adv. The day before yesterday; bread’; tewre}a5k ‘butter bread’; capotŒ‡
ÕáyrWY. See also: o5nja ‘today’. Etym: ‘thick bread’; kuTuru5li ‘meat pie’; za5nti
*a2tr0tŒ…yam ‘on the third (day) back or au5 ‘birth bread’; phondŒ‡ ‘trail food’;
forwards’ T-1130. Degrad: pha43ga43% ‘spoiled’; Create: ka5rik
atrŒ‡li Sumbe5ri a5dua CÞoE ätòMÉ߇ ç¶åtTE ‘to make bread’. Variant: ahu5. Etym:
Adv. The day before the day before apu2pa5- ‘cake of flour’ T-491.
yesterday; ÕáyrWZ. See also: o5nja ‘today’. ...ha5tya au5 Id. ÞE DòTDÕ... To be easy for
aTa5lak ¨¸DXE N. 1) Small plateaus among someone; MWaáÜ ÓMyN. waL parŒ‡k tay
the mountains; −áik ãquMÛWY. Syn: Dhap. ha5tya kŒ‡a au5 e? Is it easy for you to be a
2) Ridge, spur of a hill, high place; MÄ quMÛWY shepherd?
ÙqMVaÃ. waLmo5c aTa5laka nisŒ‡u day. The au5 ku}u5ruk ¨Þs߃ߩ ÞE N. Small bread-
goatherd is sitting on the ridge. Syn: Tek. cakes; ÕMVdÁHW` ® çW`N. ku}u5ruk hŒ‡stin,
Etym: aTTa2la- ‘watch-tower’ T-185. na}To5n ha5tya. They throw bread-cakes for
aTe4%3 ÓüXE N. The floor of a house; qLáÑÜ the dead. [ku}u5ruk hŒ‡stik ‘to throw bread
vzrýþ. go} pe haw, aTe43% ka5rik baS. If I cakes’ is done to remember the spirits of
have free time, I must finish my floor. the deceased and to make them happy.
aThŒ‡ çÖXE N. 1) Bone; ãpÜ. Whole: jhan, ku}u5ruk are also made for children.] Gen:
jhand ‘body’. 2) Corpse; vzÍ. a5bi aThŒ‡ au5 ‘bread’. Variant: ku}u5rik.
mandawja5wuna DhaKge5k. We bury a au5an tyek «òòT ÌCÞE V. To eat rapidly;
corpse in the graveyard. Syn: junaza5; MWaMßà −àq rsVdWZ rsVdWZ ,ãnËij ãnËij. Syn: {uk.
na5}Ta; kale5r. Variant: SiS aThŒ‡. Etym: aw ØE Adv. Both (modifies numbers);
aSThi- ‘bone’ T-958. ÕáWaàm. a5bi aw du5 parŒ‡k tara5 ha5tya,
aThŒ‡ hŒ‡stik «æU}æÕ çÖXE V. To bury a pruST e? We will go there together, OK?
body; MWaMVaýþm. Syn: DhahaKge5k; da5wa Restrict: aw only occurs with du ‘two’,
ka5rik; khaLe5k. while Saw occurs with numbers above two.
aThiga5r Variant: haw.
may aThiga5r sD³æÖXE ðDÉ Intj. May I be — Adj. All (modifies numbers); ,ÕáVaVdWZ( ÐÜ
cursed!; MVahjVdßWX PSVa÷Ì rWY ORN çVaWYL. may )...Õáik‚MWY ,ÕàqMik. Saw tre5in ha5tya. For
aThiga5r. a ne jho5ni tay tyŒ‡ta him. May all three. Variant: Saw.
18

17. -aw awa5t
-aw1 ØC- Vsfx. Doer of an act specified by a awa5gaw mastru5k ¨ÞtU|DÉ ØD²CØE N. A
verb, agent. krom kar-a5w. Worker. month of spring; ÚVaVdÛÒ ÀÁWdL MÄ qMÛWX £›áÒ.
ghaT-a5w. Beggar. mon di-a5w. Speaker. Whole: ba5son, basond ‘spring season’.
Restrict: This is suffixed to the root of the awala5 ka5rik «åsD¬ ¸CØE V. To give into the
verb. care or custody of someone; MWarà ÚÌLái. Œ‡a
awa5 CØE N. Air, breath; LáÜ. jŒ‡som awa5 may ba5ya. a5ma ni aya5a awala5 ka5ri. Œ‡a
ho5nciu. The life force makes a man chu5tyak, ne parŒ‡k bha5aw. This is my
breathe. Syn: bhay; sira43%. Variant: hawa5. brother. Take him and care for him for my
From: Arabic. mother. He is small and cannot go by
a5wa CØE KT. 1) Grandmother (mother of himself. kita5b ta5sa ha5tya awala5 ka5ri.
father or mother); ²MWa ,ãmLm. CPart: Hand over this book to him. Variant:
nawa5w ‘grandchild’. 2) Grandmother-in- hawala5 karik. From: Arabic.
law (mother of wife’s father or mother); awa5n ÌCØE N. Front panel of a man’s shirt or
²MWa ,ãmLm. CPart: nawa5w ‘grandchild’. kamiz; °áßij.
3) Grandaunt (sister or sister-in-law of aware5k «ñsCØE V. To cause a cow to begin
grandmother or grandfather); ²MWa ,ãmLm. to give milk; ç_VdÌ çà çVaÜàm ñÞmàm áà æeMÈ
CPart: nawa5w ‘grandniece or MWarà §©îðLq. Prdm: Causative I (sawze5k).
grandnephew’. Etym: *avva2- ‘mother’ T- awa5rik1 «åsCØE V. To take off the fire; ÀÇN
904. MWaqMWZDL çy rWY. Instr: ac4o5Kki ‘hook’; Instr:
— N. Respected old woman!; ÚÌMil. awa5runi ‘hook for picking up hot pans’;
a5waso Ù|CØE KT. Dear grandson or paLŒ‡uni ‘hook for picking up hot pans’.
granddaughter; ,MWZáWY LqMVdWY )MÄ ãmLm ,²MWa( Prdm: Class 1 (ka5rik).
¬áWY. Syn: nawa5w; CPart: a5wa awa5runi çÍÞsCØE N. Hook or hotpad for
‘grandmother’. handling hot things; ÍLà çWaMßW`DL ÔWZrWX ÏrÇ
awace5k «òdCØE V. To tease, fool, hassle LruVYÃ. Syn: paLŒ‡uni.
someone; MWaruVdßik. goT moc mo awaca5i. awa5rik2 «åsCØE V. To give milk; MÄ ÕàqáWaMij
Don’t tease crazy people. See also: MVaWdm çVaÜàm ñÞmàm. gak bac4ho4ya5kas ha5tya
maskara5 ka5rik; maza5k ka5rik; taK ka5rik; c4hir awa5raw day. The cow is giving milk
cukuSe5k; dru5{ik; kawia5 karik; To5ka for the calf. Prdm: Class 1 (ma5trik).
ka5rik. Prdm: Causative I (sawze5k). awa5s {CØE N. Noise, voice; qsLàN. se ba5yas,
awa5cik «ædCØE V. To scold someone; awa5s saKga5i, tara5 du5runa Œ‡ta, jaKga5lay
MVaV`WaLo. a5bi krom ne jo5na day e, ek moc ha3} tha5ra nŒ‡si a5au. That brother
awa5cam day. krom pe jo5na dya5pa ko of hers, hearing the noise, came there to the
awa5cam dya5a. When you don’t know house (and found) in the forest a man
your work I scold you. If you had known sitting on a horse. Syn: char. Morph:
it, then why would I scold you. Restrict: awa5z. Variant: awaza5. From: Persian.
The object is marked by kay ‘to’. Syn: awa5t SCØE N. Place; ÚÅij. ek awa5t-a sa5ri
mri} hik; c4ha5Lik. Prdm: Class 2 (ma5trik). a5ini. They gathered together in one place.
awada5y ka5rik «åsD¬ ðCoCØE V. To do useless awa5t ban ÌDL SCØE N. The first knuckle
or unnecessary work; MWarà ÏMÄ çÌLà çWarà ÚWa. from finger end; quáij ãrilN. Gen: ban
awada5y mo ka5ri. Don’t do things you are ‘knuckle’.
not supposed to.
19

18. awathe5ri aya5
awa5t gak ¨D² SCØE N. The last cow in a awio5 thek «òÖT ÙåØE V. To marry within
threshing line; ãrilN °Là çVaËik rWY ¥©dWeLm one’s clan; MWarà ãmMyz ¥©dÒ Ïáýÿ äÜ §©aWYL. a
æeMÈ ® æqMVaÃ. See also: mer gak; mocay tan ka5mani awio5 athe5s. I have married
ga5k. within my own clan. [This is considered
awa5tik «æTCØE N. Edge; ÙqMVaÃ. awa5tikay unacceptable with the Kalasha people.]
mo pa5ri. }uru5is. Don’t go near the edge! awiza5n hik «æÕ ÌCvåØE V. 1) To be
You will fall! Syn: u5STak. startled or frightened; MWaáÜ Ùmrsýþáil. may
awathe5ri ätòÖTCØE N. Place near the edge of ame43%a awiza5n thi, paLa5ini. My sheep got
something; öýÿLà rWY æqMVaà çà rsVdik §šÃ frightened and ran away. 2) To be worried;
ÚÅij. se }uLa5 awathe5ri thi sa5thi }Œ‡au. MWaáÜ ¤©dik ç_WX. tu kŒ‡as ba5ti awiza5n thi
That piece of wood is stuck near the edge a5as? What are you worried about? Syn:
of the stream. See also: awa5t. bey-dawa5 (hik); }emŒ‡k; peri}a5ni Sa5Tik.
awazu5r sÞuCØE N. Tamarisk (a bush with awi{a5 CxåØE N. Family, people of one’s
white flowers); ãquMßij ® £šýÿ ÀÁWdL. household, relatives; ÓLnWaMil ,MWaLrßÇ. Syn:
[Flutes are made from its branches and its ri}tada5r; riwa5c.
leaves are used to feed goats.] Gen: muT awla5t S¸ØE N. Descendants, relatives; mÍàL.
‘plant’. ta5sa mo5cas kŒ‡a wa5sa hŒ‡u haw, ta5sa
awe5l ·ñØE Adj. First; Éà@L ,ÎÛWY. awe5l chaT. istri{agu5a4kas awla5tan ha5tya iza5t
The first time. a awe5l day a5ya a. I came ka5riu. If that man has the means, he will
here first. Variant: hawe5l. From: Arabic. honor the girl’s relatives. From: Arabic.
awe5ri hik «æÕ ätñØE V. To go without awsŒ‡ ka5rik «åsD¬ ç|ØE V. To graft a tree;
eating; MWaáÜ æeMßà ñßhkà ¡©d÷ùWX ,MWaáÜ MÄáßWX. MWaMÆÌ ÐËýÿ.
awe5ri thi apa5w dek pruST ne. It is not awta5 DTØE N. Week; ÚVZüþÜ. awta5una Œ‡u. She
good to go (long) without eating. a5bi will come in a week. Variant: sat bas
awe5ri aba5simi. We stayed overnight (Urtsun). From: Persian.
without eating. Syn: weha5si hik; Ant: aya5 DñE Adv. Here (nearby speaker); ÕMÛWd.
ha5si hik. u5jak ka5i mon de. aya5 atra5o kŒ‡a ha5ris
awe45yak ¨DòûØE Adj. Narrow, small; ÀÅVaWZ. day? Speak plainly! What’s the use of
rugmu5 {e birŒ‡u awe45yak ku5i Rumbur beating around the bush (lit: why are you
and Birir are narrow valleys. Œ‡a kha5liley taking me here and there)? Syn: anda5y;
awe4yak. c4hir pe a5tra pra haw, pu5ri
5 ande5na; Œ‡a; Rmot1: atra5 ‘there (present)’;
thi parŒ‡u. This empty (pitcher) is too Rmot2: tara5 ‘there (absent)’.
small. If you put the milk in there, it will — Adj. This; ÚWd. a a5is, }-aya5 kamra5una
overflow it. Syn: traK; Ant: bir. }-aya5 rat. hoToluna ba5si a5is. I was here
awŒ‡cik «æeåØE V. To take or receive from in this room that night. I slept overnight in
someone; çy ñßWZMÝ çà §šÃ ,MWarà ÉáVîà the hotel. Syn: Œ‡a.
MVaVdÌ. a tay pi kundo5k awŒ‡cam. I will aya5 a5tra dyek «òño CtTC DñE Id. To try
take the glass from you. Restrict: pi futilely to do this and that; MWarà rÞmDL rÞmHL.
‘from’, is the relator marking the source. tu pa5rikas ba5ti mic a5ya a5tra mo dye.
Syn: grŒ‡ik; Reversive: dek ‘to give’. Prdm: Don’t do this and that just trying to go.
Class 3 (a5sik). aya5 day ðCo DñE Id. By this way; çVZyLq vHL
çy.
20

19. a5ya a{a5}
aya5 jia5i äDæ DñE Intj. Look here! Listen 2) Sterile, unable to bear or impregnate;
to me!; áVaEy OSMWX ,áßÁWdm rÞmHL. mrÒMWa ,ñßij‚MWX. [This is said of either a man
a5ya DñE KT. Mother; ÙnÌLà. CPart: put, or woman if it is not known which one is
putr ‘son’; chu ‘daughter’. Etym: *a2Œ- … the cause of the infertility.]
‘mother, aunt’ T-997; a2ryika2- ayu5kun Ìß©ßñE N. Egg; LpWaL. Syn: o5nDrak.
‘respectable woman’ T-1351. From: Khowar.
a5yako Ù©DñE KT. My dear mother; ãqMVdWY ayu5n ÌßñE N. Opium; ÓáEVdýþL ,ÐVdýþL. From:
ÕMÒ. Arabic.
a5yas aThŒ‡ çÖXC {DñE Id. Useless or foolish aza5p OCuE N. Trouble, suffering; OQLíø.
action; ÏMÄ ÙnWeMýþ ç_WX. a5yas aThŒ‡ kho5jiu From: Arabic.
day, albat. He’s gone there to do nothing aza5p dek «ño OCuE V. To cause someone
(lit. he’s looking for his mother’s bones). suffering, torture; MVaWdm OQLíø ,MVaWdm ÀüþVdËÂWZ.
a5yaw aThŒ‡ ka5ris day e? Are you doing ga4 pŒ†%i, aza5p da5i moc na}e5m. I will kill
something you shouldn’t (stop it!)? [The a man by choking and torturing him.
usage of these words indicates an attitude aza5p {uk ¨Þw OCuE V. To suffer; PSVXVdVïEÒ
of anger or disgust with the person of MVaËVdßij. aza5p {u5i ana5}aw. He died
whom it is spoken.] suffering.
a5yaso Ù|DñE KT. Dear son or daughter (of aza5t SCuE Adj. 1) Free; mLqsN. 2) Open; ÎßÃ.
mother); §©`VdWX ,MV`VdWX. [This is said as a term rawle5y aza5t. Lowari pass is open.
of endearment, in place of put or chu.] See 3) Unmarried, divorced; ,ÚVZýþMWd úÎò
also: put, putr; chu. ãqLáVaÃ. se ka5as ja yaw aza5t, ta5sa kay
ayna5k ¨DÎñE N. Eyeglasses; ÀÁVaVdø. Use: aLaSŒ‡K ka5rik gho5an. If she is someone’s
dyŒ‡ik ‘to put on’. From: Arabic. wife, or unmarried, they call that aLaSŒ‡K.
ayp RñE N. Fault, blame, mistake; PQVdø. From: Persian.
Syn: kusu5r; guna5. From: Arabic. aza5t ka5rik «åsD¬ SCuE V. To free, set free,
ayp chaLe5k «ò¿DÖd RñE V. To criticize divorce; MVaWdm úÎò ,MWarà mLqsN. aza5t ka5ri
someone; MVaÌMÂWa PQVdø. se may tha5ra ayp la ba5ya moc. Set the man free, brother!
chaLa5aw. He criticized me. ta5sa tan ja5as aza5t ka5rik may ko43%una
ayp dek «ño RñE V. To accuse, blame; ne. I didn’t know that he divorced his wife.
MVaWdm PQVdø. mic Œ‡sa ayp mo de. Don’t azatŒ‡ çTCuE N. Freedom; ãmLqsN.
accuse him for no reason! Syn: tana5 dek. aze5c fñuE N. Large clay jar for cheese
ayp SaTe5k «òXD‡ RñE V. To accuse storage; LrußÇ. aze5cay c4a5Sa dyen. c4a5Sa
someone; MWaMÆÌ PQVdø. a5sa may ayp SaTa5i dya5i kuhŒ‡nDa ka5rin. They put c4aSa 5
a5au. He has accused me. cheese in the jar and then they make
ayp thek «òÖT RñE V. To condemn, find kuŒ‡nDa, cheese. See also: kawa5w; Tunj.
guilty; MWarà PSWXMW^ Ïrij. azŒ‡s ~åuE N. Lead (metal); ÚxVdHy. azŒ‡s gri
aypda5r sCpQñE Adj. Guilty; qáVïýÿ ,qLm PQVdø bo43 ka5rin. They make bullets with lead.
qLà. se aypda5r draZna5w. He was proved Gen: cŒ‡mbar ‘metal’.
guilty. Syn: kusurda5r. a{a5} ‚CwE N. Cumin; ÙrWdqs. Variant: aja5}.
aypna5k ¨DÎQñE Adj. 1) Rotten, blemished, a{a5} cay ðDd ‚CwE N. Herbal (cumin) tea;
defective; OQLril ,qLm PQVdø. aypna5k çWeMik ® ærWdqs. Gen: cay ‘tea’. Variant:
i}nya5ri mo {u. Don’t eat rotten things. zŒ‡ra cay.
21

20. a{e5 a3%a3
a{e5 ðwE Fill-in word. ko a{e5? Why ever? ÏLmMWX. CPart: ja5jey ‘apricot tree with
[This word may add emphasis to the word edible pits’.
or phrase.] aZiKgŒ‡ik «ææ°ÒåyE V. To ripen so as to
a{e5li ç¶ñwE N. Children, offspring; çhkWX. break open; MWaMij PUßWY rà ÀÁWY MÄ ÊßWY.
Variant: a{Œ‡ta (Urtsun). From: Khowar. pre5suna bribo5 aZe5Kgi }Œ‡an. Down low
a{LŒ‡ ç¿wE Adj. Real, pure; ÖïÌMil. a{LŒ‡ on the tree the walnuts are ripe. brŒ‡bo
pre5cona. Real clarified butter. Syn: su5ca; ka5LaSani pe aZiKgia5w haw, pha5to se
a5sil; sahŒ‡. Variant: a}LŒ‡. From: Arabic. pa5caw day. When the walnut breaks out
a{o45yak ¨DñÜwE N. Wart; MxÒ ,MÄáÒ. dŒ‡ani of its outer covering, then it will fully
ta5ri pe iSmara5an haw, a{o45yak hik ripen. [This is only spoken of walnuts.]
gho3%an. They say if you (try to) count the Syn: bic4hirŒ‡k; (brombo45yak) Tok hik; La5i
stars of heaven you’ll get warts. dek; Past(hearsay): aZiKgiu5na ‘they
aZa45i äIyE N. 1) Apricot; ²MWXáil. Gen: ripened’. Variant: aZe5Kgik. Prdm: Class 4
me3wa ‘fruit’; Seed: bŒ‡yak ‘pit’; Phase1:
% (nisŒ‡k).
bolu5cu ‘unripe apricot’. 2) Apricot tree; aZo5Kgyak ¨Dò°ÑØyE Adj. Slender, thin;
PSilqm MÄ ²MWXáil. Gen: muT ‘tree’. Variant: äËVZWY. aZo5Kgyak istrŒ‡{a. She’s a thin
aZa5Ri (Birir). Etym: a2Sa2DhŒ…ya- ‘pertaining woman. Syn: taLu3%yaKk; tara3cak; Ant:
%
to the month a2Sa2Dha’ T-1474. baDu5La. Variant: aZo5yKgek.
aZa4Œ‡nja D]ÎåIyE N. Apricot tree bearing fruit
with bitter pits (too bitter to eat); LàruÃ
a4
a45i äI N. Duck; glóWX. a45i ne dha5rin. They ha4Œ‡n (Urtsun); a4hŒ‡n. Etym: *aNuni-
don’t keep ducks. Variant: a5Ri (Birir). ‘millet’ T-195.
Etym: a2tŒ‡- ‘an aquatic bird’ T-1127. a45Kgu ß°ÑI N. Finger, toe; äËÆWaDL. Variant:
a4Œn
‡ ÏåI N. Millet; ÙrijMWX. nokphe5Tay a4Œ‡n aKu4ik (Urtsun). Etym: aKgu5li- ‘finger,
5
kŒ‡Si a5am. I have planted millet in my new toe’ T-135.
fields. gu5um {e a4Œn, puru5S awe5l day
‡ a45Kgu brunda5lak ¨¸CpÍÞtL ß°ÑI Id.
le5tras Sa5Tan. The men first begin by Delicious; rsWdíÌ. ba5ba a45Kgu brunda5lak
harvesting the wheat and millet. [This za ka5ri. Sister, make some delicious food.
grain used to be ground for bread, but [The literal meaning of this is that the
seldom is now. It is classed as a5mbak, very person wants to bite his own finger for the
filling.] Gen: pha5sil ‘grain crop’. Variant: food is so good.] RootVb: bru5ndik.
a3
a3%a3 ÐCE Intj. Yes!; ÕMÝ. Ant: ne.
22

21. a3%c4ak badela5
a3%c4ak ¨DiÑE N. Prickles, small thorns; MV`WaMÄ. a3%c4ak jaw ØD ¨DiÑE N. Bushy area
Syn: coKk. See also: capu5S tara4%3ik. covered by thorny or prickly bushes; çV`WaMÄ
Variant: ha3%c4aR (Urtsun). ÕMWdHquMßij qLm.
a3%c4ak dyek «òño ¨DiÑE V. To prick; MV`WaMÄ
MVaÅÌ. a3%c4ak praw. The thorns pricked (us).
b
ba5ba DLDL KT. 1) Sister (daughter of one’s Dim: bac4ho45yak; Species: gak ‘cow’;
mother and father); ¤˜WX. CPart: ba5ya Adult: don, dond ‘bull’; gak ‘cow’.
‘brother’; Group: baba5wt, baba5wtr Variant: bichor5F (Rumbur); bachor5a
‘sisters (as a group)’. 2) Sister-in-law (wife (Urtsun). Etym: vatsa5- ‘calf, child’ T-
of spouse’s brother); ²MßV`ij ,²LqáWdm. 11239.1.
3) Female cousin (daughter of uncle or bac4ho45a ku ß© CÝÖhDL N. Pen for calves in
aunt); ¤˜WX mLqs Mhkik. [This is the daughter barn.
of one’s da5da, na5na, or mo5a.] CPart: bac4ho45a nisike5yn Ïòòªæ}æÍ CÝÖhDL N. The
ba5ya ‘male cousin’. womb of a cow; ²Lm ÚhkWX ® æeMÈ.
— N. Female friend; äijMWX. bad- -oDL Pfx. Bad; nWX. may ja may som
baba5wt, baba5wtr tTØDLDL ,SØDLDL N. Sisters bad-sulu5k ha5waw. I have come to
(as a group); ¥©dVaÛWX. a5bi baba5wtr. We are despise my wife. From: Persian.
sisters. Unit: ba5ba. See also: baya5wt, bada5n ÌCoDL N. Body; ÓnWX. may saw bada5n
baya5wtr; dada5wt. tok thŒ‡ }Œ‡au. My whole body has become
babayu5k ¨ßñDLDL N. Stream, creek; ,ãnWa wet. Syn: jhan, jhand; kalŒ‡p; ada5m;
MWdqm. Syn: pati}o5i; dariya5. khamŒ‡l; c4he43%a; jŒ‡som. From: Persian.
baca5 DdDL N. King; ÙMyzmMWX. [This may be the bade5l
preferred term for ‘king’ in stories.] Syn: bade5l hik «æÕ ·ñoDL V. To change; ÉnWX
Sa. From: Persian. MWaMij. chatra5wey gaDe5rak bade5l ne thi,
bacaŒ‡ èDdDL N. Kingdom; PSÜMyzmMWX. a5sau hu5La. The Chitrali elder was not
baca5t ka5rik «åsD¬ SDdDL V. To rescue, save changed, it seems he is still there. From:
someone; MWaMhkWX. Lawa5k ama5w, pa5ri, tan Arabic.
jhan baca5t ka5ri. The fox said, “Go! Save badela5 ¹ñoDL N. Revenge, repayment (good
your own life!” Syn: khala5s ka5rik. or bad); ÚÌnWX. Syn: karo4%3; Use: grŒ‡ik ‘to
Variant: bac ka5rik. get’. From: Arabic.
bac4he43%a ÐDüÖhDL N. Small bronze bells sewn badela5 grŒ‡ik «æåt¯ ¹ñoDL V. To get
onto the kupa5s ‘women’s headdress’; revenge; MVaVdÌ ÚÌnWX. Sumbe5r a5La la45i a5is
àrÅVaßÇ. [These are slightly larger than the }ase5 moc. ponc kaw pŒ‡stawo tan
brombo45yak.] Syn: brombo45yak; ga4Kga5i. badela5 agrŒ‡aw, to moc la4i. Before that
5
bac4ho45a CÝÖhDL N. Calf (one year old, male or man had beat him. Five years later, he got
female); LrußhkWX. [At this stage sex is his revenge by beating that man. tu may
specified by stating bire4a bac4ho45a ‘male
%3 pi badela5 agrŒ‡i. You got revenge on me.
calf’, or istrŒ†%ak bac4ho45a ‘female calf’.]
23

22. badhe5k baDu5La
Restrict: The source is marked by pi taLŒ‡. Etym: va5dhra- ‘leather thong’ T-
‘from’. Syn: karo4%3 grŒ‡ik; karo43% chaLe5k. 11387; *baddhrika2- ‘belt’ T-9129.
badhe5k «òÕoDL V. To shave, shear; ÉMWX bad-sulu5k ¨ßµß|oDL Adj. Estranged; nWX
MWa¡©ZDÃ. a SiS badhe5m day. I am shaving ÖîðLqMWa ,ÀÃáËy. may ja may som
my head. Object: coK ‘beard’; SiS ‘head’; bad-sulu5k ha5waw. My wife and I have
Past(hearsay): badha5La ‘he shaved’. Etym: become estranged. See also: sulu5k.
vardhayati ‘cuts, divides’ T-11381. bad-}Œ‡kil ·æªæƒoDL Adj. Bad-looking, ugly;
Prdm: Causative I (sawze5k). ÊÂyz nWX. See also: }Œ‡kil.
badia5n ÌDåoDL N. Sweater, jumper, jersey; badze5k «ò£DL V. 1) To stack wood to build
§›rij ,ÓMVdHVaWX. From: Urdu. a fire; PQVdWZrWZ ç_VdÌ çà çWaMÆÌ ÀÇN áà ÕáWdHruÁÌ
ba5dik «åoDL V. 1) To grow; MVaÞruWX. muThŒ‡k MVaßÃq çy. may tramo5na ka5au day, a
ba5dau day. The sapling is growing. Syn: }uLa5 badze5m. badza5i, aKga5r ka5i
dra5{ik. 2) To increase in number; mLn÷WZ ta5pam. I am cold, I will lay a fire. Then I
MVaÞruWX ¥©dÒ. may pay ku5a4k thi, aba5dan. will light it and warm myself. Object: }uLa5
My goats had their little ones and increased ‘wood’. 2) Feed a fire; áà ÕáWdruÁÌ ÖVdÒ ÀÇN
in number. Past(hearsay): ba5diLa ‘it grew’. MVaÁWaáßij. a }uLa5 badze5m day. I’m
Etym: va5rdhate2 ‘grows, increases’ T- putting wood on the fire. Past(hearsay):
11376. Prdm: Class 2 (ma5trik). baza5la ‘he/she fed the fire’. Variant:
badma5} ‚DÉoDL N. Rascal, bad fellow, baze5k. Prdm: Causative I (sawze5k).
mischief-maker; vzM÷ÒnWX. From: Persian. badze5rak ¨Ctò£DL N. Young ewe (one to one
badma5}i çƒDÉoDL N. Mischief, trouble; and a half years old); ruVdßWX ÓLáij. Species:
§›zM÷ÒnWX. badma5}i mo ka5ri la. a tay ame43%a ‘sheep’; Adult: ame43%a ‘ewe’; Male:
pruST jo5nim day. Don’t make trouble. I meSaLa5k. Variant: baza5ri; baze5rak.
know you very well! baDa cha5k ¨DÖd CqDL N. Shadow of an
bad-nia5t SDæÍoDL Adj. Base, corrupt; PSVdHWanWX. animate thing; ÚWdMy MÄ qLnWaMij. Syn: chak.
se badnia5t. tha5ra ta pruST, no45una ta5sa baDacha5 DÖdCqDL N. Large winged red insect;
khia5l ware5k. He’s corrupt. On the surface ÀÃMWaróil ÍLà çVaßÃq PSÛWXMxzÒ çy ÀÅVdWX ÉÍ
he looks good, but underneath his thinking LruVdHÃ. [This insect has a very dangerous
is different. See also: nia5t. sting.] Gen: go5ik phawa5Tik ‘insect’.
bado5k ¨ØoDL N. Ax; LquMÛËÄ. muT prekie5m baDara5k ¨CsCqJL N. A kind of lentils (long
day, wado5k gri. I am cutting this tree and whitish); ÉLm ® £šýÿ ÀÁWdL. See also:
down with the axe. Gen: yara5k ‘weapon’; tsi; grim.
Spec: pola5t ‘battle axe’; taparzŒ‡K baDu5 ÞqDL Adj. Yellow; mqqs ,ÎVdWY. Syn:
‘ceremonial axe’; prece5w ‘axe for baDua5w; Max: phak; Gen: raK ‘color’.
dancing’; Part: ku5staw ‘blunt end of axe Variant: baDu5lik.
head’. Variant: wado5k. baDua5w ØCÞqDL Adj. Golden; 㡘Vay. Gen:
badrŒ‡ äsoDL N. 1) Leather strap, belt; nVaWX rÑÃ. raK ‘color’; Syn: baDu5.
2) Strips of juniper wood from which baDu5La ÂÞqDL Adj. 1) Stout, fat; MW`áÒ. }a5sa
baskets are made; çy wij LruÁW` MVX‹ MÄ ÉMßik moc baDu5la thi a5au. That man has
¥©dÜ çWZMVaWX ãrÃáW`. [These are not bark but gotten fat. Ant: aZo5Kgyak; tara3cak; %
actual strips of the juniper wood.] Syn: taLu3%yaKk. Pl: babaDu5lak. 2) Thick; MW`áÒ.
Ant: taLu3%yaKk. Variant: baThu5La. Etym:
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