K12 middle school life science – practice tests

K12 Middle School Life Science – Practice Tests From GradeHop.com
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Practice Tests
K12 Life Science
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Table of Contents
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 1 MS Studying Life.................................................................................5
Answers...............................................................................................................................................13
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 2 MS What is a Living Organism..........................................................14
Answers...............................................................................................................................................22
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 3 MS Cells and Their Structures..........................................................23
Answers...............................................................................................................................................28
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 4 MS Cell Functions.............................................................................29
Answers...............................................................................................................................................34
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 5 MS Cell Division, Reproduction, and Protein Synthesis...................35
Answers...............................................................................................................................................43
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 6 MS Genetics .....................................................................................44
Answers...............................................................................................................................................52
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 7 MS Evolution....................................................................................53
Answers...............................................................................................................................................61
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 8 MS Prokaryotes................................................................................62
Answers...............................................................................................................................................67
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 9 MS Protists and Fungi ......................................................................68
Answers...............................................................................................................................................73
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 10 MS Plants .......................................................................................74
Answers...............................................................................................................................................82
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 11 MS Introduction to Animals...........................................................83
Answers...............................................................................................................................................88
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 12 MS Invertebrates ...........................................................................89
Answers.............................................................................................................................................102
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 13 MS Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles...........................................103
Answers.............................................................................................................................................113
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 14 MS Birds and Mammals ...............................................................115
Answers.............................................................................................................................................123
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 15 MS Animal Behavior.....................................................................124

Answers.............................................................................................................................................129
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 16 MS Skin, Bones, and Muscles.......................................................130
Answers.............................................................................................................................................141
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 17 MS Food and the Digestive System..............................................141
Answers.............................................................................................................................................149
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 18 MS Cardiovascular System...........................................................150
Answers.............................................................................................................................................158
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 19 MS Respiratory and Excretory Systems .......................................159
Answers.............................................................................................................................................164
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 20 MS Controlling the Body..............................................................165
Answers.............................................................................................................................................173
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 22 MS Reproductive Systems and Life Stages ..................................174
Answers.............................................................................................................................................182
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 23 MS Introduction to Ecology .........................................................183
Answers.............................................................................................................................................197
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 24 MS Ecosystem Dynamics..............................................................198
Answers.............................................................................................................................................206
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 25 MS Environmental Problems .......................................................207
Answers.............................................................................................................................................218

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 1 MS Studying Life
1) Fill in the blank in the below sentence
Claims must be ___________ by ___________ evidence.
1. backed, adequate
2. backed, asks
3. questions, scientist
4. backed, wonders
2) Identify true or false in the below sentences
A. Scientists repeat their experiments so they were confident in their results.
B. A scientist wonders and asks questions.
1. Both A and B are false.
2. Both A and B are true.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Scientists explain the world based on their observations.
B. A scientist wonders and asks questions.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Examples of scientific theory in life science include Mendel 's laws of inheritance.
B. Scientific theory describe how traits are passed from parents to their offspring.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
___________ was a dinosaur ___________.
1. Dimetrodon, chemical
2. Dimetrodon, scientists
3. Dimetrodon, ancestor
4. knowledge, keeps

6) Identify all true sentences from the following
1. Science is a way of learning about the natural world that depends on evidence, reasoning, and
repeated testing.
2. A scientist is observant.
3. Examples of scientific theory in life science include Mendel 's laws of inheritance.
4. Scientists repeat their experiments so they were confident in their reasoning.
1. Examples of scientific theory in life science include Mendel 's laws of inheritance.
2. Claims must be backed by adequate reasoning.
4. Scientists explain the world based on their observations.
1. A scientist wonders and asks questions.
2. Scientific knowledge keeps changing because scientists are always `` doing science. ''
3. A scientific theory is a description of what always occurs under certain conditions in nature.
4. A scientific law explains how living things change through time as they adapt to their environment.
1. If Scientists develop new ideas about the way the world works, they set up ways to test these new
ideas.
2. Scientific law are tested and confirmed repeatedly.
3. A scientist wonders and asks questions.
4. A scientific law explains how living things change through time as they adapt to their environment.
1. A scientific law is a broad explanation that is widely accepted because it is supported by a great deal
of evidence.
3. A scientist is skeptical.
4. A scientific theory describes many observations but does n't explain them.
11) Fill in the blanks in the below sentence
A scientist tries to find answers using _____ and _____.
1. logic, confirmed
2. logic, repeated testing
3. evidence, logic

4. logic, evidence
Scientific theories are _____ and _____ repeatedly.
1. tested, confirmed
2. confirmed, logic
3. confirmed, repeated testing
4. confirmed, evidence
Science is a way of learning about the natural world that depends on _____, reasoning, and _____.
1. evidence, repeated testing
2. repeated testing, confirmed
3. repeated testing, logic
4. repeated testing, evidence
A. Controls are kept constant so they will not affect the results of the experiment.
B. The steps in the scientific methods are Make Observation, Ask questions, Form Hypotesis, Test
hypoteshis, Draw Conslusion and Communicate Results.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Replication allows other scientists to repeat the ___________ to ___________ whether they get the
same results.
1. investigation, Experimental
2. investigation, Controls
3. investigation, see
4. investigation, testing
A. The senses include sight, hearing, touch, feel, smell, and taste.
B. Experimental controls are other factors that might affect the independent variable.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.

The ___________ in the ___________ methods are Make Observation, Ask questions, Form
Hypotesis, Test hypoteshis, Draw Conslusion and Communicate Results.
1. steps, anything
2. steps, often
3. steps, scientific
4. steps, takes
A. A hypothesis is a potential, testable answer to a scientific question.
B. The scientific investigation is a series of logical steps for testing a possible answer to a question.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. The scientific method is a series of logical steps for testing a possible answer to a question.
2. The steps in the scientific methods are Make notes, Ask questions, Form Hypotesis, Test hypothesis,
Draw Conslusion and Communicate Results.
3. A hypothesis is a potential, testable answer to a scientific question.
4. An experiment investigates the effects of dependent variable on independent variable.
1. Teh steps in the scientific methods are Make Observation, Ask questions, Form Hypotesis, Test
hypoteshis, Draw Conslusion and Communicate Results.
2. The senses include sight, hearing, touch, feel, smell, and taste.
3. A hypothesis is a potential, testable answer to a scientific investigation.
1. A hypothesis is a potential, testable answer to a scientific investigation.
2. Testable means that if the hypothesis is false, it 's possible to find evidence showing that it 's false.
4. Controls may be kept constant so they will not affect the results of the experiment.
1. An experiment investigates the effects of independent variable on dependent variable.
2. The scientific investigation means that if the hypothesis is false, it 's possible to find evidence showing

that it 's false.
4. An experiment investigates the effects of dependent variable on independent variable.
1. A scientific investigation follows a general plan called the scientific method.
2. The scientific method is a series of logical steps for testing a possible answer to a question.
3. A scientific method follows a general plan called the scientific method.
4. Testable means that if the hypothesis is false, it 's possible to find evidence showing that it 's false.
When results are communicated, scientists should describe their _____ and how it was _____ in
addition to the results of the test.
1. tested, Communicate
2. hypothesis, tested
3. tested, taste
4. tested, Conslusion
Teh steps in the scientific methods are Make Observation, Ask questions, Form Hypotesis, Test
hypoteshis, Draw _____ and _____ Results.
1. Conslusion, Communicate
2. Communicate, touch
3. Communicate, tested
4. Communicate, hearing
The senses include sight, _____, _____, _____, and _____.
1. touch, smell, taste, tested
2. hearing, touch, smell, taste
3. hearing, smell, taste, Communicate
4. hearing, smell, taste, Conslusion
A. Robert Hooke was the first to observe bacteria.
B. Many important life science discoveries would not have been possible without the microscope.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
A. Microscope gave scientists a direct view into the unseen world of the extremely tiny.
B. Many important life science discoveries would not have been possible without the microscope.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
In the mid-1600s, Robert Hooke was the first scientist to ___________ ___________ things with a
microscope.
1. study, it
2. study, Hans
3. study, living
4. study, 1600s
A. Microscope gave scientists a direct view into the unseen world of the extremely tiny.
B. He was the first to observe bacteria.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
The ___________ of the microscope ___________ scientists to see cells, bacteria, and many other
structures that are ___________ small to be seen with the unaided eye.
1. invention, unaided, observe
2. invention, allowed, too
3. invention, first, too
4. invention, unaided, continued
1. Hans and Zacharias Jansen made the first light microscope in the late 1500s.
2. Robert Hooke was the first to identify and describe cells.
3. Leeuwenhoek was the first scientist to study living things with a microscope.
4. Robert Hooke was the first to observe bacteria.

1. In the mid-1600s, Robert Hooke was the first scientist to study living things with a microscope.
2. Robert Hooke was the first to identify and describe cells.
1. In the late 1600s, van Leeuwenhoek improved the microscope.
2. Electron microscopes continued to improve and are still used today.
4. To see extremely small objects, an light microscope, must be used.
1. Leeuwenhoek was the first to identify and describe cells.
1. To see extremely small objects, an light microscope, must be used.
4. He used it to observe many living cells and organisms.
Robert Hooke was the first to identify and _____ cells.
1. describe, used
2. describe, other many structures
3. describe, organisms
4. identify and, describe
He used it to observe many living cells and _____.
1. living many cells, organisms
2. organisms, other many structures
3. organisms, used
4. organisms, describe
The invention of the microscope allowed scientists to see _____, _____, and many other structures

that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
1. bacteria, other many structures, Zacharias Jansen
2. cells, other many structures, describe
3. cells, bacteria, other many structures
4. bacteria, other many structures, used
Light microscopes _____ to improve and are still _____ today.
1. used, describe
2. used, other many structures
3. used, organisms
4. continued, used
_____ and _____ made the first light microscope in the late 1500s.
1. Zacharias Jansen, organisms
2. Zacharias Jansen, used
3. Hans, Zacharias Jansen
4. Zacharias Jansen, other many structures
Lab safety symbols warn of specific hazards, such as flames or broken __________________.
1. glass
2. specific
3. immediately
4. basic
___________ the symbols ___________ ___________ to recognize and avoid the dangers.
1. Knowing, allows, you
2. Knowing, recognize, recognize
3. Knowing, warn, you
4. gear, recognize, warn
A. Following basic safety rules, such as wearing safety gear, helps prevent accidents in the lab and
in the field.
B. All accidents should be reported immediately.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Following basic safety rules, such as wearing safety gear, __________________ prevent accidents in
the lab and in the field.
1. dangers
2. immediately
3. symbols
4. helps
Following basic safety rules, such as wearing safety __________________, helps prevent accidents
in the lab and in the field.
1. symbols
2. gear
3. immediately
4. wearing
Answers
1. 1 2. 2 3. 2 4. 1 5. 3 6. 1,2 7. 3,4 8. 1,2 9. 1,3 10. 2,3 11. 3 12. 1 13.
1 14. 2 15. 3 16. 1 17. 3 18. 3 19. 1,3 20. 1,4 21. 2,3 22. 1,3 23. 1,2,4 24.
2 25. 1 26. 2 27. 4 28. 2 29. 3 30. 2 31. 2 32. 1,2 33. 1,2 34. 1,3 35.
3,4 36. 2,4 37. 4 38. 1 39. 3 40. 4 41. 3 42. 1 43. 1 44. 2 45. 4 46. 2
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 2 MS What is a Living Organism
Like plants, all living __________________ have the capacity for growth.
1. Organisms
2. things
3. Reproduction
4. other
The ability to ___________ is another characteristic of ___________ ___________.
1. reproduce, made, made
2. reproduce, made, causes
3. reproduce, Reproduction, things
4. reproduce, living, things
All ___________ ___________ are made of one or more cells.
1. living, things
2. made, causes
3. living, causes
4. living, made
Producers use sunlight for energy to ___________ their ___________ ___________.
1. produce, controlling, food
2. produce, own, food
3. produce, Multicellular, made
4. produce, Multicellular, Multicellular
A. Cells are the basic building blocks of life.
B. Producers use sunlight for energy to produce their own food.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.

1. All living things maintain a stable internal environment.
2. All living organisms have mechanisms for controlling such factors as their internal temperature, blood
pressuere, water balance, and acidity.
3. Consumers eat plants.
4. When the cell 's internal environment is stable, the condition is called homeostasis.
1. All living things grow and reproduce.
2. All living organisms have mechanisms for controlling such factors as their internal temperature, blood
pressuere, water balance, and acidity.
3. Single-celled living organisms have ways of maintaining homeostasis.
4. Producers use sunlight for energy to produce their own food.
1. Single-celled organisms grow in size by reproduction.
2. A stimulus response is something in the environment that causes a reaction in an organism.
3. All living things maintain a stable internal environment.
4. All living things are made of one or more cells.
1. All living things grow and reproduce.
2. All living things respond to stimuli in their environment.
3. When the cell 's internal environment is stable, the condition is called homeostasis.
4. Organisms may be grouped on the basis of the source of food they use.
1. In sexual reproduction, the daughter cells are identical to each other and to the parent cell.
2. Producers use sunlight for energy to produce their own food.
3. A stimulus is something in the environment that causes a reaction in an organism.
4. Single-celled living organisms have ways of maintaining homeostasis.
All living things grow and reproduce.
1. reproduce, acidity
2. reproduce, internal temperature
3. reproduce, other organisms
4. grow and, reproduce

Multicellular organisms like ducks grow by increasing the _____ and _____ of their cells.
1. number, acidity
2. number, reproduce
3. number, internal temperature
4. size, number
In asexual reproduction, the daughter cells are identical to each _____ and to the _____.
1. parent cell, internal temperature
2. parent cell, acidity
3. other, parent cell
4. parent cell, reproduce
All living organisms have mechanisms for controlling such factors as their _____, _____, and _____.
1. water balance, acidity, parent cell
2. water balance, acidity, Plants
3. water balance, acidity, number
4. internal temperature, water balance, acidity
_____ and _____ use this food for energy.
1. other organisms, acidity
2. other organisms, internal temperature
3. other organisms, reproduce
4. Plants, other organisms
Proteins ___________ up biochemical reactions ___________ life processes.
1. fatty, form
2. speed, regulate
3. speed, other
4. speed, simple
A. Carbon is an element that has a tremendous ability to form large compounds.
B. Catabolic reactions require energy.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Enzymes are highly specific for certain chemical reactions, so they are very effective.
B. The sequence of amino acids in chains and the number of chains in a protein determine the
protein 's shape.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Nucleic acids stores genetic information in cells helps cells make proteins.
B. Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of biochemical reactions.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Phospholipids make up the cell ___________ of ___________ ___________.
1. membranes, involved, things
2. membranes, living, things
3. membranes, bind, things
4. membranes, adenine, things
1. Each atom of carbon can form four chemical bonds with other atoms.
2. The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element is a molecule.
3. Lipids provide energy to cells stores energy in plants stores energy in animals makes up the cell walls
of plants.
4. Carbohydrates contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
1. A compound is a unique type of matter in which two or more elements are combined chemically in a
certain ratio.
2. The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element is a molecule.

3. Carbohydrates speed up biochemical reactions regulate life processes.
4. Lipids contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
1. Proteins contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
2. Nucleic acids contains proteins, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
3. Nucleic acids contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
4. The smallest particle of a compound that still has the properties of that compound is an atom.
1. A molecule of glucose contains 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen, and 6 atoms of oxygen.
2. Plants and some other organisms make glucose in the process of photosynthesis.
3. Nucleus stores genetic information in cells helps cells make proteins.
4. Plants make starches to store extra glucose.
1. Lipids contains carbon and oxygen.
2. Lipids provide energy to cells stores energy in plants stores energy in animals makes up the cell walls
of plants.
3. Nucleic acids contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
4. Nucleic acids stores genetic information in cells helps cells make proteins.
Photosynthesis is the process in which producers capture light energy from the sun and use it to
make glucose.
1. use it to make glucose, fats
2. use it to make glucose, stored
3. capture light energy from the sun and, use it to make glucose
4. use it to make glucose, cellular respiration
Types of lipids include _____, _____, and _____.
1. fats, oils, phospholipids
2. oils, phospholipids, cellular respiration
3. oils, phospholipids, make cell membranes
4. oils, phospholipids, one
_____ and _____ may be elements or compounds.

1. products, cellular respiration
2. Reactants, products
3. products, fats
4. products, stored
Carbohydrates contains _____, _____, and _____.
1. carbon, oxygen, oils
2. carbon, oxygen, cellular respiration
3. hydrogen, oxygen, sugar
4. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
The sequence of _____ in chains and the _____ of chains in a protein determine the protein 's shape.
1. number, phospholipids
2. number, cellular respiration
3. number, stored
4. amino acids, number
A species is defined as a group of organisms that can ___________ and produce fertile offspring
___________.
1. breed, together
2. breed, nomenclature
3. breed, given
4. nomenclature, unique
A. The cells of all Eukarya have a nucleus and other organelles.
B. The science of classifying living things is called taxonomy.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The Archaea Domain includes only the Archaea Kingdom, and the Bacteria Domain includes
only the Bacteria Kingdom.
B. Each phylum is divided into classes, each class into orders, each order into families, and each
family into genera.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A virus is nothing more than some DNA or RNA __________________ by a coat of proteins.
1. surrounded
2. broadest
3. added
4. phylum
The Archaea and Bacteria Domains ___________ only ___________ organisms.
1. contain, classifications
2. contain, father
3. contain, single-celled
4. contain, structure
1. Kingdoms are divided, in turn, into phyla.
2. Carl Linnaeus is called the `` father of taxonomy. ''
3. Modern scientists base classifications of living things mainly on cellular similarities.
4. Modern scientists base classifications of living things mainly on molecular similarities.
1. Scientists classify living things in order to organize and make sense of the incredible diversity of life.
2. The Archaea Domain includes only the Archaea Kingdom, and the Fungus Domain includes only the
Bacteria Kingdom.
3. The Archaea and Bacteria Domains contain only single-celled or multicellular organisms.
4. Carl Linnaeus is called the `` father of taxonomy. ''
1. As a result of microscopes, a new taxon, called the domain, was added to the classification system.
2. The cells of Archaea and Bacteria have a nucleus.
3. The science of classifying living things is called taxonomy.
4. The cells of all Eukarya do not have a nucleus and other organelles.

1. The science of classifying living things is called taxonomy.
2. A virus use energy, respond to stimuli, grow, or maintain homeostasis.
3. The species is the narrowest category in the Linnaean system.
4. Scientists classify living things in order to organize and make sense of the incredible diversity of life.
1. The science of classifying objects or elements is called taxonomy.
2. A virus use energy, respond to stimuli, grow, or maintain homeostasis.
3. In the Linnaean system includes the Plant Kingdom, Fungus Kingdom, and Protist Kingdom.
4. The species is the narrowest category in the Linnaean system.
In binomial nomenclature, both names are always _____ in italics, and the genus name is always
_____.
1. capitalized, reproduce, viruses can evolve
2. capitalized, Plant
3. capitalized, order
4. written, capitalized
The Archaea Domain _____ only the Archaea Kingdom, and the Bacteria Domain _____ only the
Bacteria Kingdom.
1. reproduce, viruses can evolve
2. includes
3. other organelles
4. make
Both _____ and _____ have cells walls, but their cell walls are made of different materials.
1. Bacteria, reproduce, viruses can evolve
2. Archaea, Bacteria
3. Bacteria, other organelles
4. Bacteria, Animal
The cells of _____ and _____ lack a nucleus.
3. Bacteria, Animal

_____ and _____ may seem more similar to each other than either is to Eukarya.
4. Bacteria, Animal
Answers
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2 5. 2 6. 1,3 7. 1,4 8. 3,4 9. 1,2 10. 2,3 11. 4 12. 4 13.
3 14. 4 15. 4 16. 2 17. 3 18. 2 19. 2 20. 2 21. 1,4 22. 1,4 23. 1,3 24.
1,2,4 25. 3,4 26. 3 27. 1 28. 2 29. 4 30. 4 31. 1 32. 2 33. 2 34. 1 35. 3 36.
1,2,4 37. 1,4 38. 1,3 39. 1,3,4 40. 3,4 41. 4 42. 2 43. 2 44. 2 45. 3
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 3 MS Cells and Their Structures
A. Common cell parts are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
B. Many protists consist of a single cell.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The function of a nerve cell is to carry messages to other cells.
B. Some protists consist of a single cell.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Specialized cells may be organized into tissues.
B. The function of muscle tissue is to contract or expand in order to move the body or its parts.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
If the volume of a cell ___________ too great, ___________ wo n't have enough surface area to
transfer all of its nutrients and wastes.
1. has, Molecules
2. becomes, job
3. becomes, has
4. becomes, it
A nerve ___________ has ___________ long `` arms '' that extend outward from the ___________.
1. cell, many
2. group, arms
3. cell, same

4. cell, made
1. The function of muscle tissue is to contract or expand in order to move the body or its parts.
2. The DNA in prokaryotic cells is in the cytoplasm, rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
3. A tissue is a group of cells of the same kind that performs the same or different function.
4. Living things with eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes.
1. Ribosomes are structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
2. Cytoplasm includes a watery substance called cytosol.
3. Eukaryotes are all single-celled organisms.
4. The mitochondrion is an organelle inside the nucleas that provides energy to the cell.
1. All the organisms in the Bacteria and Archaea Domains have prokaryotic cells.
2. An organelle is any structure inside a cell that is enclosed by a membrane.
3. The function of muscle tissue is to contract or expand in order to move the body or its parts.
4. Eukaryotic cells are more complex.
1. Prokaryotic cells are larger than Eukaryotic cells.
2. All the organisms in the Bacteria and Archaea Domains have prokaryotic cells.
3. Specialized cells may be organized into organs.
4. Cytoplasm includes other cell structures suspended in the cytosol.
1. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
2. A white blood cell has a lot of surface area for transferring oxygen.
3. Prokaryotic cells are cells that lack a nucleus.
4. An organelle is any structure inside a cell that is enclosed by a membrane.
A bigger cell _____ more nutrients and _____ more wastes.
1. creates, wastes
2. creates, Bacteria
3. creates, enters
4. needs, creates

Ribosomes consist of _____ and _____.
1. proteins, protists
2. proteins, environment
3. RNA, proteins
4. proteins, wastes
A red blood cell is _____ and _____.
1. smooth, enters
2. small, smooth
3. smooth, Bacteria
4. smooth, wastes
Besides water, cytosol contains _____ and _____.
1. other substances, protists
2. enzymes, other substances
3. other substances, enters
4. other substances, wastes
To carry _____ life processes, a cell must be able to pass substances _____ and _____ of the cell.
1. out, wastes
2. out, enters
3. into, out
4. out, Bacteria
A. Cytoplasm includes the watery, gel-like cytosol.
B. Endoplasmic reticulum store and transport materials in the cell.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The chloroplasts may contain pigments that give flowers their colors.
B. The main types of plastids are chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids.
B. Cytoplasm help in providing a site for many of the biochemical reactions of the cell.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Nucleolus function is to form ribosomes.
B. ATP packages energy in smaller amounts that cells can use.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The nuclear envelope has tiny holes, or pores, in it.
B. Crisscrossing the cytoplasm is a structure called the cytoskeleton.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. The nuclear envelope has tiny holes, or pores, in it.
2. Vacuoles are used as chambers for biochemical reactions.
3. Vesicles are used to store needed substances such as water.
4. A ribosome is a small organelle where proteins are made.
1. Nucleolus function is to form ribosomes.
2. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and several other types of organelles.
3. Vesicles are much larger than vacuoles and have a variety of functions.
4. Most plant cells have a large central vesicle.

1. Cytoskeleton consists of thread-like filaments and tubules.
3. Lysosome are located near the nucleus.
4. Lysosome ensure that the DNA divides correctly when the cell divides.
1. Vesicles are used to store needed substances such as water.
2. Lysosome are located near the nucleus.
4. Cytoskeleton helps the cell keep its shape.
1. Cytoskeleton holds cell organelles in place within the cytoplasm.
2. A centrioles is an organelle that recycles unneeded molecules.
3. The vesicles carry energy from the ER.
4. The mitochondrion uses energy in glucose to make smaller molecules called ATP.
The main types of plastids are _____, _____, and _____.
1. chloroplasts, leucoplasts, store starch
2. chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts
3. chromoplasts, leucoplasts, environment
4. chloroplasts, leucoplasts, oil
The _____ let water, nutrients, and other substances move _____ and _____ of the cell wall.
1. pores, move, out, supports
2. move, into, out, oil
3. pores, move, out, gathers
4. pores, move, into, out
The heads are _____, and the tails are _____.
1. hydrophobic, supports
2. hydrophilic, hydrophobic
3. hydrophobic, environment
4. hydrophobic, oil

Central vacuole may store substances such as _____, _____, and _____.
1. water, enzymes, salts
2. enzymes, salts, environment
3. enzymes, salts, oil
4. enzymes, salts, store starch
The cell wall _____ and _____ the cell.
1. supports, protects
2. protects, environment
3. protects, central large vacuole
4. protects, oil
Answers
1. 2 2. 3 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1 6. 2,4 7. 1,2 8. 1,4 9. 2,4 10. 1,3 11. 4 12. 3 13.
2 14. 2 15. 3 16. 3 17. 1 18. 2 19. 2 20. 2 21. 1,4 22. 1,2 23. 1,2 24.
3,4 25. 1,4 26. 2 27. 4 28. 2 29. 1 30. 1
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 4 MS Cell Functions
Passive transport ___________ ___________ a substance moves from an area where it is more
___________ to an area where it is less ___________.
1. happens, named, concentrated
2. happens, comes, concentrated
3. happens, when, concentrated
4. happens, pinches, other
A. A carrier protein allows large molecules to pass through the cell membrane.
B. ATP allows special transport proteins called pumps to move substances to areas of higher
concentration.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Two layers of phospholipids make the outer surfaces of the membrane hydrophilic.
B. Two layers of phospholipids make the interior of the membrane hydrophobic and the lipid heads
point toward the outside of the membrane.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Passive transport occurs when a substance __________________ through the cell membrane
without needing any energy to pass through.
1. hydrophobic
2. lipid
3. happens
4. passes
A. The ADP energy causes the carrier protein to change shape and pumps the three sodium ions
out of the cell.
B. When some substances are too big to be pumped across the cell membrane, they may enter or
leave the cell by active transport.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. In facilitated diffusion, molecules need help from transport proteins to pass through the membrane
The two types of transport proteins are channel proteins and carrier proteins.
2. The process is called diffusion.
3. Hydrophilic molecules are very small molecules and can pass through the cell membrane by simple
diffusion.
4. A channel protein allows large molecules to pass through the cell membrane.
1. For Active transport, the energy comes from the molecule named ADP.
2. Passive transport occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane without needing any
energy to pass through.
3. Oxygen and potassiumare examples of molecules that can cross cell membranes by Simple diffusion.
4. Hydrophilic molecules need help to pass through the membrane.
1. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are examples of molecules that can cross cell membranes by Simple
diffusion.
2. A carrier protein allows water or hydrophilic molecules to bypass the hydrophobic interior of the
membrane.
3. Hydrophilic molecules and very large molecules ca n't pass through the cell membrane by simple
diffusion.
4. Active transport is the opposite of osmosis.
1. A channel protein allows large molecules to pass through the cell membrane.
2. Water can pass through the cell membrane by simple diffusion, without the help of channel proteins.
3. Passive transport happens when a substance moves from an area where it is more concentrated to an
area where it is less concentrated.
4. In Simple diffusion, the substance simply passes through tiny spaces in the membrane.
1. Passive transport occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane without needing any
energy to pass through.

2. Simple diffusion occurs when a substance diffuses through a cell membrane without any help from
other molecules.
3. The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions into the cell and potassium Ions out of the cell.
4. A carrier protein forms a tiny hole called a pore in the cell membrane.
The sodium-_____ pump moves sodium ions out of the _____ and _____ Ions into the _____.
1. potassium, carrier channel transport transport proteins
2. cell, potassium
3. potassium, make the interior of the membrane hydrophobic and the lipid
4. potassium, carries
Osmosis an important means of transport in cells because the _____ inside and outside cells is
mostly water.
1. fluid
2. carries
3. make the interior of the membrane hydrophobic and the lipid
4. carrier channel transport proteins
When the carrier protein receives a phosphate from ATP, ADP is _____ and energy is _____.
1. formed, released
2. released, carries
3. released, carrier channel transport proteins
4. released, make the interior of the membrane hydrophobic and the lipid
_____ and _____ are present mainly as positively charged ions dissolved in water.
1. potassium, make the interior of the membrane hydrophobic and the lipid
2. potassium, carries
3. Sodium, potassium
4. potassium, fluid
In facilitated diffusion, molecules need help from transport proteins to pass through the membrane
The two types of transport proteins are channel proteins and carrier proteins.
1. make the interior of the membrane hydrophobic and the lipid
2. carries
3. carrier channel transport proteins

4. fluid
A. Aerobic respiration releases far more energy than anaerobic respiration does.
B. Cellular respiration is begins in mitochondria.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Anaerobic respiration is much quicker than aerobic respiration.
B. During electron transport, the oxygen combines with hydrogen from the energy-storing
molecules to forms water.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. With fermentation, some organisms can produce ATP from glucose anaerobically.
B. The lactic acid gives unsweetened yogurt its sour taste.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Cellular respiration uses oxygen in addition to glucose.
B. Anything that needs oxygen is described as aerobic.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Fermentation does not include aerobic steps.
B. The products of photosynthesis are needed for cellular respiration.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. Cellular respiration occurs in autotrophs such as plants as well as heterotrophs such as animals.
2. Aerobic respiration results in the formation of less molecules of ATP.
3. Anything that does not need oxygen is described as anaerobic.
4. The products of cellular respiration may be needed for photosynthesis.
1. The stages Cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport.
2. During electron transport stage, as many as 34 molecules of ADP are produced.
3. The carbon combines with the oxygen from the pyruvate molecules to form carbon dioxide.
4. During Cellular respiration, the energy is used to form dozens of molecules of ATP.
1. During electron transport stage, as many as 34 molecules of ADP are produced.
2. Glycolysis does not require oxygen.
3. Cellular respiration occurs in autotrophs such as plants as well as heterotrophs such as animals.
4. The products of photosynthesis may be needed for cellular respiration.
1. During Glycolysis, Enzymes split a molecule of glucose and results in a net gain of two molecules of
ATP and other energy-storing molecules.
2. Glycolysis may require oxygen.
3. Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm of cells.
4. Cellular respiration is completed in mitochondria.
1. The mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed organelle in the chloroplast.
2. Anything that needs oxygen is described as aerobic.
3. During The Krebs Cycle, the pyruvate molecules from glycolysis next enter the matrix of a
mitochondrion.
4. During electron transport, the hydrogen combines with oxygen from the energy-storing molecules to
forms water.
In _____ic fermentation, glycolysis is followed by a step that produces _____ and _____ dioxide.
1. carbon, store
2. carbon, use the energy to make ATP

3. alcohol, carbon
4. carbon, alcoholic acid lactic fermentation
Glucose is the simple sugar that living things use to store and _____ energy.
1. store and, transport
2. transport, carbon
3. transport, use the energy to make ATP
4. transport, water
The types of fermentation are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
1. carbon dioxide
2. carbon
3. plants
4. alcoholic acid lactic fermentation
Cells first need to release the energy and _____ it in ATP, or adenosine triphosphate.
1. store, use the energy to make ATP
2. release the energy and, store
3. store, water
4. store, carbon
The _____ and _____ stage of cellular respiration is called electron transport.
1. third, final
2. final, carbon
3. final, use the energy to make ATP
4. final, store
Answers
1. 3 2. 2 3. 2 4. 4 5. 3 6. 1,2 7. 2,4 8. 1,3 9. 3,4 10. 1,2 11. 2 12. 1 13.
1 14. 3 15. 3 16. 3 17. 2 18. 2 19. 2 20. 2 21. 1,3 22. 1,4 23. 2,3 24.
1,3,4 25. 2,3 26. 3 27. 1 28. 4 29. 2 30. 1
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 5 MS Cell Division, Reproduction, and Protein Synthesis
A. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle has interphase and mitotic phase.
B. During Telophase, the chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle fibers break down.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. During prophase, Fibers called spindles form between the centrioles.
B. By the time mitosis occurs, the cell 's DNA has already replicated.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Each daughter cell gets a complete copy of the parent cell 's genetic material.
B. During prophase, Fibers called spindles form between the centrioles.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Interphase is longer than mitotic phase.
B. Before a cell divides its DNA must be copied.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
As a cell ___________ to divide, its ___________ ___________ forms one or more structures called
chromosomes.
1. prepares, DNA, first
2. prepares, circular, replicates
3. prepares, circular, formed

4. prepares, circular, membranes
1. Adenine always bonds with thymine, and cytosine always bonds with guanine.
2. Chemical bonds between the bases hold the two strands of DNA together.
3. Prokaryotic cell division is called binary fission.
4. During prokaryotic cell division, the cell membrane grows toward the center of the cell.
3. Binary fission occurs in bacteria and other prokaryotes.
4. Prokaryotic DNA forms multiple rodlike chromosomes.
1. During prokaryotic cell division, the cell membrane grows toward the center of the cell.
3. During prokaryotic cell division, the chloroplast splits apart, and the cell pinches in two.
1. When the chromosomes splits apart it 's called cytokinesis.
2. Eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
3. Chromosomes are circular in prokaryotes and rodlike in eukaryotes.
4. The sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose.
1. Nitrogen bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
2. Chromosomes are rod like in prokaryotes.
3. Cell division is more complex in eukaryotic cells, as they have other organelles.
4. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus holding their DNA.
During Telophase, the chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle fibers break down.
1. uncoil, and the spindle fibers, break down
2. break down, telophase
3. break down, cytokinesis
4. break down, other organelles

Before a eukaryotic cell divides, the _____ and _____ must be copied.
1. nucleus, other organelles
2. other organelles, mitosis
3. other organelles, cytokinesis
4. other organelles, down
A chromosome consists of _____ and _____ molecules coiled into a definite shape.
1. protein, down
2. DNA, protein
3. protein, cytokinesis
4. protein, prophase
In DNA, each nucleotide includes a _____, a _____, and a _____.
1. phosphate, nitrogen base, mitosis
2. sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
3. phosphate, nitrogen base, cytokinesis
4. phosphate, nitrogen base, cytosine
The prokaryotic cell _____ in size, its DNA replicates, and the cell _____.
1. divides, telophase
2. divides, cytokinesis
3. divides, other organelles
4. grows, divides
A. Special cells called gametes are produced by the parents in Sexual reproduction.
B. During Metaphase II, the Chromosomes form, the nuclear membrane breaks down.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Independent assortment occurs when chromosomes go to opposite poles of the cell in anaphase I.
B. Meiosis is basically mitosis times four.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Binary fission occurs when a parent cell simply splits into two daughter cells.
B. Yeasts can reproduce by Fragmentation.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. In humans, the diploid number is two times 23, or 46.
B. During Meiosis, DNA replication results in two haploid daughter cells.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
In meiosis I, ___________ chromosomes pair ___________ and then separate.
1. nuclear, eukaryotes
2. homologous, up
3. homologous, nuclear
4. homologous, asexual
1. During Meiosis, DNA replicates before meiosis I but not before meiosis II.
2. Meiosis produces diploid daughter cells.
3. During Telophase I, Chromosomes form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
4. Sexual reproduction involves two parents.
1. During Telophase I, Chromosomes form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
3. Meiosis occurs when an organism makes gametes.
4. During Metaphase II, Centrioles move to opposite poles and Spindle fibers form.

1. During Telophase I, Spindle fibers form between the centrioles.
2. Meiosis is basically mitosis times four.
4. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and then separate.
1. Meiosis II is just like meiosis.
2. During Meiosis, DNA replication results in four haploid daughter cells.
4. During Meiosis, the DNA replicates only twice.
1. The initial cell that forms when two gametes unite is called a zygote.
2. In Meiosis, the original haploid cell divides twice.
3. During Prophase I, the chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle fibers break down.
4. During Meiosis, DNA replicates before meiosis I but not before meiosis II.
Different methods of asexual reproduction are _____, _____, and _____.
1. binary fission, fragmentation, budding
2. fragmentation, budding, spindle fibers
3. fragmentation, budding, form, and the nuclear membrane breaks
4. binary fission, budding, random union
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair _____ and _____ separate.
1. then, budding
2. up, then
3. then, random union
4. then, meet and
In Asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to each _____ and to the _____.
1. parent, random union
2. parent, develops
3. parent, meet and
4. other, parent

Ways of genetic variation are crossing over, _____, and the _____ of gametes.
1. random union, budding
2. independent assortment, random union
3. random union, mate
4. random union, happen very quickly and does n't
The bud stays attached to the parent while it _____ and _____.
1. develops, budding
2. develops, random union
3. grows, develops
4. develops, meet and
A. RNA copies instructions in DNA and carries them to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
B. The two nitrogen bases make up the `` letters '' of the genetic code.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. DNA stores genetic information.
B. UAG, UGA, and UAA do n't code for any amino acids.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. All organisms are related by descent from a common ancestor.
B. The mRNA contains bases that are complementary to the bases in the DNA strand.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Each codon codes for just one amino acid.
B. A point mutations change just one or a few bases in DNA.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. At the ribosome, the proteins are joined together to form a chain of amino acids.
B. Messenger DNA copies genetic instructions from RNA in the nucleus.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Transfer DNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
2. DNA stores genetic information.
3. Proteins determine the structure and function of all your cells.
4. Proteins consist of a single amino acid.
1. During transcription, after the DNA unwinds, the enzyme can read the bases in one of the DNA
strands.
2. During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read to make an amino acids.
3. Most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon.
4. Each codon codes for just one amino acid.
1. Transfer RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
2. Proteins determine the structure and function of all your cells.
3. Groups of four bases each make up code `` words.
4. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are contained outside the nucleus.
1. UAG, UGA, and UAA are all stop codons.
2. During translation, using one strand of DNA as a template, nucleotides are joined together to make a
complementary strand of mRNA.
3. AUG for the start signal.
4. UAG, UGA, and UAA do n't code for any amino acids.

1. RNA consists of one nucleotide chain rather than two chains as in DNA.
2. The four nitrogen bases make up the `` letters '' of the genetic code.
3. DNA helps build proteins.
4. DNA is smaller than RNA.
The ribosome consists of _____ and _____.
1. proteins, daughter body cells
2. proteins, structure
3. proteins, instructions
4. rRNA, proteins
During translation, the molecule of mRNA _____ the nucleus and _____ to a ribosome.
1. moves, daughter body cells
2. leaves, moves
3. moves, structure
4. moves, instructions
RNA copies _____ in DNA and _____ them to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
1. carries, daughter body cells
2. carries, UAG
3. instructions, carries
4. carries, structure
A protein 's _____ and _____ depends on the sequence of its amino acids.
1. structure, function
2. function, carries
3. function, daughter body cells
4. function, RNA
_____, _____, and _____ do n't code for any amino acids.
1. UGA, UAA, carries
2. UAG, UGA, UAA
3. UAG, UAA, daughter body cells

4. UAG, UAA, RNA
Answers
1. 2 2. 2 3. 2 4. 2 5. 1 6. 1,2,3 7. 1,2,3 8. 2,4 9. 3,4 10. 1,3 11. 1 12. 1 13.
2 14. 2 15. 4 16. 3 17. 3 18. 3 19. 3 20. 2 21. 1,4 22. 2,3 23. 3,4 24.
2,3 25. 1,4 26. 1 27. 2 28. 4 29. 2 30. 3 31. 3 32. 2 33. 2 34. 2 35. 1 36.
2,3 37. 1,3,4 38. 1,2 39. 1,3,4 40. 1,2 41. 4 42. 2 43. 3 44. 1 45. 2
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 6 MS Genetics
A. For each trait, he got the same results.
B. Moreover, the two forms of the trait always showed up in the F2 plants in the same 3:1 ratio.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. In Pea plants, the female gametes lie deep within the flowers.
B. An example of Mendel 's first set of experiments is his research on flower color.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. In Mendel experiment, the offspring formed the second generation F2.
B. One form of the trait seemed to disappear in the F1 plants.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The recessive factor is hidden.
B. Mendel repeated this experiment with each of the other traits.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Fertilization occurs when pollen from one flower reaches the female gametes in the same or a
different flower.
B. Two forms of the trait always showed up in the F2 plants in the same 3:1 ratio.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. All of the F1 plants had violet flowers.
2. Mendel concluded if dominant and recessive factors are present in an individual, the dominant factor
may be expressed.
3. Fertilization is a process of fertilization when pollen from one flower reaches the female gametes in
the same or a different flower.
4. The F1 plants should have only violet-flowered offspring.
1. In Pea plants, the female gametes are released by tiny grains of pollen.
2. The offspring formed the first generation F1.
3. Mendel transferred pollen from a plant with violet flowers to a plant with white flowers called cross-
pollination.
4. In Pea plants, the male gametes are released by tiny grains of pollen.
1. The recessive factor is eliminated.
2. An example of Mendel 's first set of experiments is his research on flower color.
3. All of the F1 plants had violet flowers.
1. The recessive factor is eliminated.
2. Fertilization occurs when pollen from one flower reaches the female gametes in the same or a
different flower.
4. Pea plants are easy to grow and grow quickly.
1. The first generation F1 plants should have only white-flowered offspring.
2. Pollination is a process of fertilization when pollen from one flower reaches the female gametes in the
same or a different flower.
3. Pollination occurs when pollen from one flower reaches the female gametes in the same or a
different flower.
4. Mendel transferred pollen from a plant with white flowers to a plant with violet flowers called cross-
pollination.

According to law of segregation, the two factors that control a trait separate and go to different
gametes.
1. go to different gametes, grow and grow quickly
2. go to different gametes, recessive
3. go to different gametes, white violet flowers
4. control a trait separate and, go to different gametes
In other words, F2 plants with violet flowers and F2 plants with white flowers had a 3:1 ratio.
1. F2 F2 plants, grow and grow quickly
2. white violet flowers, F2 F2 plants
3. F2 F2 plants, go to different gametes
4. F2 F2 plants, dominant
Mendel concluded if _____ and _____ factors are present in an individual, only the _____ factor is
expressed.
1. recessive, white violet flowers
2. dominant, recessive
3. recessive, go to different gametes
4. recessive, grow and grow quickly
Pea plants are easy to grow and grow quickly.
1. dominant
2. white violet flowers
3. go to different gametes
4. grow and grow quickly
A. Homologous chromosomes may be the same or different alleles.
B. Genes on sex chromosomes may be inherited differently than genes on autosomes.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
The ___________ b allele is expressed ___________ in the bb genotype.

1. complex, plant
2. recessive, pair Chromosomes
3. recessive, only
4. recessive, codominance
A. If a gene has two alleles, one may not be dominant to the other.
B. The B allele is dominant to the b allele.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Each ___________ may have ___________ versions called alleles.
1. gene, versions
2. gene, both
3. gene, different
4. gene, pattern
A. X - linked traits have a different pattern of inheritance than traits controlled by genes on
autosomes.
B. A gene can be defined as a section of a chromosome that contains the genetic code for a
particular protein.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Mothers pass an X to their daughters and a Y to their sons.
2. The phenotype refers to the organism 's traits, such as purple or white flowers.
3. In a Bb heterozygote, only the dominant B allele is expressed.
4. If a gene has two alleles, one possibility is called codominance and another is called inactive
dominance.
1. Fathers pass an X chromosome to each of their children.
2. If the parents had four offspring, the genotype ratios of their actual offspring may differ.

3. The Punnett square shows the possible genotypes and their most likely possibilities.
4. The B allele is dominant to the b allele.
1. Each trait Mendel studied was controlled by one gene with one alleles.
2. With incomplete dominance, a recessive allele is not completely dominant.
3. Inheritance is often more complex than it is for traits like those Mendel studied.
4. The phenotype refers to the organism 's traits, such as purple or white flowers.
1. If the parents had four offspring, their most likely genotypes would be one BB, two Bb, and one bb.
2. The Punnett square shows the possible genotypes and their most likely possibilities.
3. Inheritance is often more complex than it is for traits like those Mendel studied.
4. Fathers pass an X chromosome to each of their children.
1. One gene on the X chromosome determines male sex.
2. With codominance, both alleles are expressed equally in homozygotes.
3. If a gene has two alleles, one possibility is called codominance and another is called incomplete
dominance.
4. The expression of an organism 's genotype is called its phenotype.
If the parents had four offspring, their most likely genotypes would be one _____, two _____, and
one _____.
1. BB, bb, Y chromosome
2. BB, bb, likely ratios
3. BB, Bb, bb
4. Bb, bb, B
The terms _____ and _____ are the terms Mendel used to describe his `` factors. ''
1. dominant, recessive
2. recessive, Y
3. recessive, B
4. recessive, Y chromosome
Individuals with one _____ and one _____ are normally males.

1. Y chromosome, called
2. X, Y chromosome
3. Y chromosome, Y
4. Y chromosome, X
If a gene has two alleles, one possibility is _____ codominance and another is _____ incomplete
dominance.
1. Y chromosome
2. type type A
3. called
4. Y
_____ and _____ are examples of polygenic traits in humans.
1. Skin color, adult height
2. adult height, called
3. adult height, Y
4. adult height, Y chromosome
A. Hemophilia A leads to defective hemoglobin protein that is needed to transport oxygen in red
blood cells.
B. Sequencing the human genome has increased our knowledge of genetic makeup of living things.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Turner 's syndrome leads female with short height and inability to reproduce.
B. Many GMOs are food crops such as corn.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Biotechnology use polymerase chain reaction and gene cloning.
B. In the process of meiosis, paired chromosomes end up in different gametes.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Klinefelter 's syndrome leads male with abnormal sexual development and reduced level of male
sex hormone.
B. Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in a single gene or abnormal numbers of
chromosomes.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Down syndrome leads male with abnormal sexual development and reduced level of male sex
hormone.
B. A recessive allele is expressed in everybody who inherits even one copy of it.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Hemophilia A leads to defective hemoglobin protein that is needed to transport oxygen in red blood
cells.
2. Sickle Cell Anemia leads to defective hemoglobin protein that is needed to transport oxygen in red
blood cells.
3. Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in genes or less numbers of chromosomes.
4. Genetic disorders are diseases caused by mutations.
1. Sickle Cell Anemia leads to reduced activity of a protein needed for blood to clot.
2. Marfan syndrome leads to defective protein needed to make mucus.
3. Hemophilia A leads to reduced activity of a protein needed for blood to clot.
4. A species ' genome consists of all of its genetic information.
1. Sickle Cell Anemia leads to reduced activity of a protein needed for blood to clot.

2. A dominant allele is expressed in everybody who inherits even one copy of it.
3. Marfan syndrome leads to defective protein needed to make mucus.
4. The Human Genome Project provides a complete blueprint for a human being.
1. Klinefelter 's syndrome has One X chromosome and no other sex chromosome.
2. A species ' genome consists of all of its genetic information.
3. Sickle Cell Anemia leads to defective hemoglobin protein that is needed to transport oxygen in red
blood cells.
4. Biotechnology is the use of technology to change the genetic disorders.
1. Cystic fibrosis lead to defective protein in tissues such as cartilage and bone.
2. The aim of the Human Genome Project was to identify the more than 20, 000 human genes and map
their locations on chromosomes.
3. In the process of meiosis, paired chromosomes normally separate from each other.
4. The Human Genome Project provides a complete blueprint for a human being.
The GMOs plants are likely to be _____ and produce more food.
1. produce more food, reduced
2. produce more food, X chromosomes
3. healthier, produce more food
4. produce more food, enzyme
Turner 's syndrome leads female with _____ and _____ to reproduce.
1. inability, produce more food
2. short height, inability
3. inability, reduced
4. inability, gene cloning
Klinefelter 's syndrome _____ male with abnormal sexual development and _____ level of male sex
hormone.
1. reduced, produce more food
2. reduced, gene cloning
3. reduced, X chromosomes
4. leads, reduced

Knowing the sequence of the human genome is helping researchers identify and understand genetic
disorders.
1. identify and, understand genetic disorders
2. understand genetic disorders, gene cloning
3. understand genetic disorders, produce more food
4. understand genetic disorders, reduced
Turner 's syndrome has One X chromosome and no other sex chromosome.
1. short height
2. produce more food
3. sex other X chromosome
4. understand genetic disorders
Answers
1. 2 2. 2 3. 2 4. 2 5. 3 6. 1,4 7. 2,4 8. 2,3 9. 2,4 10. 2,4 11. 4 12. 2 13.
2 14. 4 15. 2 16. 3 17. 2 18. 3 19. 2 20. 2,3 21. 2,4 22. 3,4 23. 1,3 24.
3,4 25. 3 26. 1 27. 2 28. 3 29. 1 30. 1 31. 2 32. 2 33. 2 34. 1 35. 2,4 36.
3,4 37. 2,4 38. 2,3 39. 2,3,4 40. 3 41. 2 42. 4 43. 1 44. 3
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 7 MS Evolution
A. From Malthus, Darwin saw that populations could grow faster than their resources.
B. In nature, Lamarck reasoned, individuals with certain traits might be more likely to survive the
`` struggle for existence '' and have offspring.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed that __________________ change over time.
1. changed
2. realized
3. species
4. famine
From Malthus, Darwin ___________ that `` overproduction of offspring '' ___________ to a ``
struggle for existence, '' in Darwin 's words.
1. offspring overproduction, change, led
2. change, selection, living
3. offspring overproduction, dome Tortoises, led
4. offspring overproduction, saw, led
A. When populations get too big, disease and famine occur.
B. From Malthus, Darwin saw that populations could grow faster than their resources.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Evolution is a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time.
B. Tortoises with saddle - shaped shells lived on islands where food was often scarce.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. Living things have changed as descendants diverged from common ancestors in the past.
2. Tortoises with saddle-shaped shells lived on islands where the plants they ate were abundant and
easy to reach.
3. Thomas Malthus proposed that species change over time.
4. Lyell argued that geological processes such as erosion change Earth 's surface very gradually.
2. Thomas Malthus proposed that species change over time.
3. Evolution is the process in which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring.
4. Thomas Malthus argued that human populations have the potential to grow faster than the resources
they need.
1. From Malthus, Darwin saw that populations could grow faster than their resources.
2. Living things have changed as descendants converged from common ancestors in the past.
3. As a result of Natural selection, living things traits increase in the population over time.
4. As a result of Evolution, living things traits increase in the population over time.
1. Living things have changed as descendants diverged from common ancestors in the past.
2. Evolution is the process in which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring.
4. Thomas Malthus thought that the traits an organism developed during its life time could be passed on
to its offspring.
1. From Lamarck, Darwin realized that Earth is very old.
3. Natural selection is the process in which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring.
4. Natural selection is a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time.
In nature, Darwin _____, individuals with certain traits might be more likely to survive the ``
struggle for existence '' and have offspring.
1. have offspring, pass

2. have offspring, famine
3. have offspring, disease
4. reasoned, have offspring
When populations get too big, _____ and _____ occur.
1. famine, have offspring
2. famine, pass
3. famine, reasoned
4. disease, famine
Darwin used the word fitness to refer to the ability to reproduce and _____ traits to the next
generation
1. pass, have offspring
2. reproduce and, pass
3. pass, famine
4. pass, disease
Tortoises with dome - shaped shells lived on islands where the plants they ate were _____ and _____
to reach.
1. easy, have offspring
2. easy, reasoned
3. abundant, easy
4. easy, pass
A. When molecules are used compare species, they are called molecular clocks.
B. A ecologist studies fossils to learn about the evolution of living things is called a ecologist.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
In a distant ___________, ___________ was ___________ to digest food.
1. gives, always, whales
2. ancestor, appendix, needed
3. ancestor, always, cats

4. ancestor, use, needed
Embryos of different species may look quite similar, even when the adult forms look
__________________ different.
1. longer
2. very
3. distant
4. digest
When molecules are used ___________ species, ___________ are called molecular ___________.
1. bones, generally, closely
2. compare, they, clocks
3. compare, generally, bones
4. compare, tail, clocks
A. Vestigial structures are body parts that are no longer used but are still present in modern
organisms.
B. When molecules are used compare species, they are called molecular clocks.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Offspring of a chicken, turtle, pig, and human being look so similar that it 's hard to tell them apart.
2. Fossils form when remain seeps through the rocks and water and deposits minerals in them.
3. Absolute dating is often based on the amount of carbon-14 or other radioactive element that remains
in a fossil.
4. Absolute dating determines about how long ago a fossil organism lived.
1. Offspring of a chicken, turtle, pig, and human being look so similar that it 's hard to tell them apart.
2. Absolute dating gives the fossil an approximate age in years.
3. Scientists have learned a lot about evolution by comparing living organisms.
4. Absolute dating determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other but not their age in
years.

1. Relative dating is based on the positions of fossils in rock layers.
2. Absolute dating gives the fossil an approximate position within the layer.
3. Molecular clocks method assumes that sequential mutations occur at a constant rate for a given
protein or segment of DNA.
1. Species that are the most similar in these ways are generally the most closely related.
2. Fossils form when water seeps through the remains of dead and deposits minerals in them.
3. The more similar the DNA molecules are, the closer the relationship is likely to be between the
community.
4. In humans spinal bones and the appendix are vestigial structures In a distant ancestor, appendix was
part of the cirulatory system.
2. Vestigial structures are body parts that are no longer used but may or may not present in modern
organisms.
3. Scientists have compared body parts, vestigial organs, embryos, and molecules in different species.
4. Absolute dating determines about how long ago a fossil organism lived.
Bats use their front limbs to fly, whales use them to swim, and cats use them to run and _____.
1. use their front limbs to fly, whales use them to swim, and cats use them to, climb, dead
2. use their front limbs to fly, whales use them to swim, and cats use them to, run and, climb
3. run and, climb, vestigial organs
4. use their front limbs to fly, whales use them to swim, and cats use them to, climb, human
Scientists have compared _____, _____, _____, and _____ in different species.
1. body parts, vestigial organs, molecules, run and
2. vestigial organs, embryos, molecules, human
3. body parts, vestigial organs, molecules, dead
4. body parts, vestigial organs, embryos, molecules
Embryos of a _____, _____, _____, and _____ being look so similar that it 's hard to tell them apart.
1. chicken, pig, human, appendix

2. chicken, turtle, pig, human
3. chicken, turtle, human, dead
4. chicken, pig, human, body parts
In humans _____ and the _____ are vestigial structures The _____ is a tiny remnant of a once-
larger organ.
1. appendix, dead
2. tail bones, appendix
3. appendix, human
4. appendix, vestigial organs
Fossils form when water seeps through the remains of _____ and _____ minerals in them.
1. deposits, human
2. deposits, body parts
3. dead, deposits
4. deposits, molecules
A. The geologic time scale divisions are based on major changes in geology, climate, and the
evolution of life.
B. During Triassic Period, the continents continued to move apart.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The Precambrian Supereon covers the time from Earth 's formation 4.6 billion years ago to 544
million years ago.
B. During Triassic Period, Flowering plants also appeared for the first time and new insects evolved
to pollinate them.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Paleozoic Era is divided into six periods.
B. During the Jurassic Period, the first dinosaurs evolved from reptile ancestors.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. During the Devonian Period, vascular plants appeared.
B. The geologic time scale divisions are based on major changes in geography, climate, and the
evolution of life.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Many of them died out.
B. The Precambrian mass extinction gave dinosaurs the opportunity to really flourish during the
Jurassic Period.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. During the Silurian Period, the first seed plants evolved.
2. Photosynthesis evolved about 3 billion years ago.
3. During the Devonian Period, the first seed plants evolved.
4. During the Quaternary Period, the dinosaurs reached their maximum size and distribution.
1. Photosynthesis evolved about 3 billion years ago.
2. With their specialized organelles, eukaryotic cells were powerful and efficient.
3. During the Quaternary Period, the dinosaurs reached their maximum size and distribution.
4. Modern corals, fish, and insects all evolved in Jurassic Period.
1. The Precambrian Supereon covers the time from Earth 's formation 4.6 billion years ago to 544 million
years ago.
2. The Precambrian Supereon is the first major division of Earth 's history.

3. The geologic time scale organizes Earth 's history on the basis of important events instead of time
alone.
4. In the Ordovician Period, Sponges and trilobites were small ocean invertebrates.
1. During the Silurian Period, vascular plants appeared.
2. Corals appeared in the oceans during the Silurian period.
3. In the Permian Period, the first amphibians evolved during this period.
4. During Triassic Period, the continents continued to move apart.
1. During Triassic Period, the continents continued to move apart.
2. In the Cambrian Period, Sponges and trilobites were small ocean invertebrates.
3. Paleozoic Era is divided into six periods.
4. The Jurassic Period ended in a mass extinction.
The geologic time scale divides Earth 's history into _____, _____, and _____.
1. eons, eras, periods
2. eons, periods, water
3. eras, periods, thick
4. eras, periods, cooled
With their specialized organelles, eukaryotic cells were _____ and _____.
1. powerful, efficient
2. efficient, geology
3. efficient, huge ferns
4. efficient, thick
Vascular plants have special tissues to circulate _____ and _____ substances.
1. other, thick
2. other, huge ferns
3. other, geology
4. water, other
_____, _____, and _____ all evolved in Triassic Period.

1. fish, insects, thick
2. Modern corals, insects, water
3. Modern corals, fish, insects
4. Modern corals, insects, geology
During the Permian Period, _____ and _____ evolved ways to cope with dryness.
1. plants, animals
2. animals, geology
3. animals, water
4. animals, thick
Answers
1. 3 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 2 6. 1,4 7. 1,4 8. 1,3 9. 1,3 10. 2,3 11. 4 12. 4 13.
2 14. 3 15. 1 16. 2 17. 2 18. 2 19. 2 20. 3,4 21. 2,3 22. 1,4 23. 1,2 24.
1,3,4 25. 2 26. 4 27. 2 28. 2 29. 3 30. 3 31. 3 32. 3 33. 1 34. 3 35. 2,3 36.
1,2 37. 1,2,3 38. 1,2 39. 2,3 40. 1 41. 1 42. 4 43. 3 44. 1
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 8 MS Prokaryotes
A. Anaerobic prokaryotes use fermentation or other anaerobic processes rather than cellular
respiration.
B. The pili protects the cell from chemicals and drying out.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Prokaryotes that need oxygen are described as aerobic.
B. The cytoskeleton helps the cell keep its shape.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Most prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
B. Only few prokaryotes are decomposers.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
B. Most prokaryotes have one or more small loops of DNA.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Prokaryotes lack other membrane-bound organelles.
B. The sticky plaque that collects on your teeth between brushings is a biofilm.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. The capsule protects the cell from chemicals and drying out.
2. Cell wall makes the cell stronger and more rigid.
3. Aerobic prokaryotes use carbon for cellular respiration.
4. Prokaryotes that do n't need carbon or are poisoned by it are described as anaerobic.
1. Ribosomes is the site where proteins are made.
2. Prokaryotic cytoplasm includes watery capsule and other structures.
3. The capsule allows the cell to stick to surfaces and to other cells.
4. The pili protects the cell from chemicals and drying out.
1. Mesophiles might be found deep in the ocean.
2. Aerobic prokaryotes use fermentation or other anaerobic processes rather than cellular respiration.
3. Flagella causes the cell to roll and tumble.
4. Ribosomes is the site where proteins are made.
1. Prokaryotes that do n't need carbon or are poisoned by it are described as anaerobic.
2. Many prokaryotes have another layer, called a capsule, outside the cell wall.
3. Many prokaryotes have another layer, called a capsule, outside the cell membrane.
4. The capsule allows the cell to stick to surfaces and to other cells.
1. Prokaryotic cytoplasm includes watery capsule and other structures.
2. Cell wall lies just outside the cell membrane.
3. Cellular respiration takes place in the cell membrane.
4. Flagella help the cell hold on to surfaces or do other jobs for the cell.
Cell membrane controls what _____ and _____ the cell.
1. leaves, creates
2. enters, leaves
3. leaves, remains
4. leaves, eukaryotes

The capsule allows the cell to stick to _____ and to _____.
1. other cells, remains
2. other cells, eukaryotes
3. other cells, creates
4. surfaces, other cells
Prokaryotic cells are _____, _____, and _____.
1. spirals, rods, eukaryotes
2. spheres, rods, creates
3. spirals, spheres, rods
4. spirals, rods, protects
Most prokaryotes get both _____ and _____ from other living things.
1. carbon, remains
2. carbon, creates
3. energy, carbon
4. carbon, eukaryotes
Flagella causes the cell to roll and _____.
1. tumble, remains
2. tumble, creates
3. roll and, tumble
4. tumble, eukaryotes
A. Bacteria that stain red are called gram-negative bacteria.
B. Bacteria added oxygen to the atmosphere and changed the course of evolution forever.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Bacteria are found in the air, ocean, soil, and intestines of animals.
B. Bacteria are spread by vectors.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Bacteria spread through food, water, or objects that have become contaminated with them.
B. Diseases caused by bacterial pathogens include food poisoning, strep throat, and Lyme disease.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
___________ bacteria ___________ a thin cell wall with an outer membrane.
1. Gram-negative, gram-positive
2. diverse, evolution
3. Gram-negative, organisms
4. Gram-negative, have
A. Bacteria that stain purple are called gram-negative bacteria.
B. Bacilli are sphere shaped.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. The known species are classified on the basis of various traits.
2. Bacilli are sphere shaped.
3. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are secondary producers.
4. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are important producers.
1. Bacteria that stain red are called gram-positive bacteria.
2. Bacteria are spread by with or without vectors.
3. Bacilli are rod shaped.
4. Different types of bacteria stain a different color when Gram stain is applied to them.

1. Different types of bacteria stain a different color when Gram stain is applied to them.
2. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall with an outer membrane.
3. Bacteria that stain purple are called gram-negative bacteria.
4. Spirilli are spiral shaped.
1. Different types of bacteria stain same color when Gram stain is applied to them.
2. Bacilli are sphere shaped.
3. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall without an outer membrane.
4. Bacteria recycle carbon and nitrogen in ecosystems.
1. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall with an outer membrane.
2. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall without an outer membrane.
3. Bacteria that stain red are called gram-positive bacteria.
4. Bacilli are rod shaped.
Bacteria _____ oxygen to the atmosphere and _____ the course of evolution forever.
1. changed, Lyme disease
2. changed, strep throat
3. changed, food poisoning
4. added, changed
Bacteria are found in the _____, _____, _____, and _____ of animals.
1. ocean, soil, intestines, Lyme disease
2. air, ocean, soil, intestines
3. air, ocean, intestines, strep throat
4. air, soil, intestines, changed
Bacteria recycle _____ and _____ in ecosystems.
1. carbon, nitrogen
2. nitrogen, Lyme disease
3. nitrogen, food poisoning
4. nitrogen, strep throat

Diseases caused by bacterial pathogens include _____, _____, and _____.
1. strep throat, Lyme disease, added
2. food poisoning, Lyme disease, nitrogen
3. food poisoning, strep throat, Lyme disease
4. food poisoning, Lyme disease, changed
Answers
1. 3 2. 2 3. 3 4. 2 5. 2 6. 1,2 7. 1,3 8. 3,4 9. 2,4 10. 2,3 11. 2 12. 4 13.
3 14. 3 15. 3 16. 2 17. 2 18. 2 19. 4 20. 1 21. 1,4 22. 3,4 23. 1,4 24.
3,4 25. 1,4 26. 4 27. 2 28. 1 29. 3
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 9 MS Protists and Fungi
A. Examples of human diseases caused by protozoa include giardiasis and malaria.
B. Protozoa have ciliaare short.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Protists are classified as ___________, plant-like, and ___________ protists.
1. animal-like, simplest
2. animal-like, sexual
3. animal-like, eukaryotes
4. animal-like, fungus-like
A. Protists probably evolved when some prokaryotic cells invaded or were engulfed by others.
B. Pseudopods are temporary extensions of the chloroplasts.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Slime molds ___________ and ___________ nutrients as they ___________.
1. digest, absorb, go
2. digest, exist, heterotrophs
3. digest, exist, projections
4. digest, exist, Almost
Most protists ___________ of a single ___________.
1. consist, cell
2. consist, prokaryotes
3. prokaryotes, most
4. consist, most

1. Asexual reproduction allows rapid population growth when conditions are stable.
2. Fungus-like protists include Algae molds and water molds.
3. Water molds digest and absorb nutrients as they go.
4. Some protozoa prey on bacteria.
1. Fungus-like protists include Algae molds and water molds.
2. Ciliaare short, hair-like projections.
3. Sexual reproduction helps ensure that some organisms will survive if conditions change.
4. Seaweed algae are single cell.
1. Animal-like protists are called algae.
3. Almost all protozoa can move.
4. Algae have roots, stems, or leaves.
2. Most protists live in dry places.
3. Protists have other membrane-bound organelles.
4. The cells of all protists have a nucleus.
1. Asexual reproduction helps ensure that some organisms will survive if conditions change.
2. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation.
3. Protists are classified as animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like protists.
4. Water molds are commonly found on rotting organic matter such as compost.
The Protist Kingdom includes all eukaryotes that do n't fit into one of the _____, _____, and _____.
1. Plant, Animal Kingdoms, fatigue
2. other Fungi, Plant, Animal Kingdoms
3. Plant, Animal Kingdoms, fungus-like
4. Plant, Animal Kingdoms, organic other remains
Fungus-like protists include slime molds and water molds.
1. fatigue

2. giardiasis
3. absorb nutrients as they go
4. water slime molds
Fungi absorb nutrients from _____, _____, and other organic remains Slime molds are commonly
found on rotting organic matter such as _____.
1. compost, organic other remains, water slime molds
2. compost, organic other remains, fatigue
3. compost, organic other remains, sexual
4. dead logs, compost, organic other remains
Water molds are commonly found in _____ and _____.
1. surface water, fatigue
2. surface water, single cells
3. surface water, giardiasis
4. moist soil, surface water
Protozoa that cause giardiasis may cause _____, _____, and _____.
1. abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea
2. abdominal pain, diarrhea, moist soil
3. fever, diarrhea, single cells
4. abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue
A. The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose.
B. Both fungi and plants have the ability to move.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. People use fungi to produce antibiotics.
B. When fungi reproduce asexually, they can spread quickly.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
A. Fungi that grow into multicellular, have thread-like structures called chitin.
B. During asexual reproduction, fungi produce diploid spores by mitosis of a haploid parent cell.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. People use fungi to produce antibiotics.
B. The cell walls of fungi are made of chitin.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Most fungi get organic compounds from dead organisms.
B. Ringworm and athlete 's foot are caused by Fungi.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Sexual reproduction occurs in most fungi when two haploid hyphae mate.
2. Lichen is a relationship between a fungus and plant.
3. The haploid spores are genetically identical to the parent cell.
4. Yeasts are the only decomposers that can break down cellulose and wood.
1. When fungi reproduce asexually, they can spread quickly.
2. Yeasts reproduce asexually by budding instead of by producing spores.
3. Yeasts are the only decomposers that can break down cellulose and wood.
4. Lichen is a relationship between a fungus and plant.
1. Fungi get their nutrition by absorbing inorganic compounds from other organisms.

2. Most fungi get organic compounds from dead organisms.
3. In Yeasts, an offspring cell forms on a parent cell.
4. Yeasts reproduce sexually by budding instead of by producing spores.
1. A spore is a special reproductive cell.
2. Fungi get their nutrition by absorbing inorganic compounds from other organisms.
3. In Mycorrhiza, the bacteria or algae benefit by getting some of the water and nutrients absorbed by
the fungus.
4. Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually.
1. Spores may be spread by moving water, wind, or other organisms.
2. In asexual and sexual reproduction of fungi, they produce spores.
3. Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually.
4. The fungus benefits from easy access to food made by the plant.
Mycorrhiza is a relationship between a _____ and a _____.
1. fungus, plant
2. plant, asexually
3. plant, foot
4. plant, fungus
Fungi live in water and on other organisms.
1. nutrients
2. asexually
3. foot
4. live in water and on other organisms
Two symbiotic relationships in fungi are _____ and _____.
1. mycorrhiza, lichen
2. lichen, foot
3. lichen, kill their plant hosts
4. lichen, asexually

The bacteria or algae benefit by getting some of the _____ and _____ absorbed by the fungus.
1. nutrients, nutrients
2. nutrients, foot
3. water, nutrients
4. nutrients, sexually
_____ and athlete 's _____ are caused by Fungi.
1. foot, asexually
2. Ringworm, foot
3. foot, cyanobacteria
4. foot, cheeses
Answers
1. 1 2. 4 3. 3 4. 1 5. 1 6. 1,4 7. 2,3 8. 2,3 9. 1,3,4 10. 2,3 11. 2 12. 4 13.
4 14. 4 15. 1 16. 3 17. 2 18. 1 19. 2 20. 2 21. 1,3 22. 1,2 23. 2,3 24.
1,4 25. 1,2,3 26. 1 27. 4 28. 1 29. 3 30. 2
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 10 MS Plants
A. Plants in the diploid generation are called sporophytes.
B. Plant cells have chloroplasts.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Vascular tissue actually consists of two types of tissues, called xylem and phloem.
B. Plants supply food to nearly all land organisms, including people.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Plants in the diploid ___________ are called ___________.
1. generation, leaf
2. generation, sporophytes
3. generation, required
4. generation, very
A. A taproot system has a very long primary root, called a taproot.
B. Plants provide many timber, medicines, dyes, oils, and rubber.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Plants need heavy rain while they are actively growing.
B. Roots are covered with thin-walled ground cells and tiny root hairs to absorb water and
dissolved minerals from the soil.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. Plants need minerals.
2. The minerals are required to make proteins and other organic molecules.
3. Plants release carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
4. Cells of dermal tissue secrete a waxy substance called keratin.
1. In many plants, derma tissue in roots stores food produced by the leaves during photosynthesis.
2. Plants release water vapor to the air from their leaves.
3. The minerals are required to make glucose and other organic molecules.
4. The minerals are required to make proteins and other organic molecules.
1. Plants need light, carbon dioxide, and water.
2. Plants need heavy rain while they are actively growing.
3. Male and female reproductive organs may be on the same plant or on different plants.
4. Ground tissue makes up much of the inside of a plant 's root.
1. Modern plants have dermal, meristem, and vascular tissues.
2. Oxygen is required for cellular respiration in Plants.
3. Roots are covered with thin-walled ground cells and tiny root hairs to absorb water and dissolved
minerals from the soil.
4. Plants need temperatures above freezing while they are actively growing.
1. Oxygen is needed by all anaerobic organisms.
2. Plants take up liquid water from the soil through their roots.
3. Primary roots branch out to the sides.
4. Plant cells have chloroplasts.
Plants grow through a combination of _____ and _____.
1. cell division, biochemical other reactions
2. cell division, shorterlived
3. cell growth, cell division

4. cell division, ground
Meristem _____ the tips of roots and _____ allows them to grow in length.
1. at, stems
2. stems, biochemical other reactions
3. stems, ground
4. stems, shorterlived
Individuals in the nondominant generation tend to be smaller and _____.
1. tend to be smaller and, shorterlived
2. shorterlived, ground
3. shorterlived, biochemical other reactions
4. shorterlived, grow larger
_____ within and around vascular tissues allows growth in width.
1. shorterlived
2. ground
3. Meristem
4. biochemical other reactions
gametophytes have male and/or female reproductive organs and reproduce sexually.
1. reproduce sexually, ground
2. reproduce sexually, biochemical other reactions
3. have male and/or female reproductive organs and, reproduce sexually
4. reproduce sexually, shorterlived
A. The style connects the stigma to the ovary.
B. Petals may be large and showy and are often brightly colored.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Flowers are plant structures that contain male and/or female reproductive organs.
B. Tracheophytes vascular tissue allows them to live in moist habitats.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The spruce tree is an example of a conifer.
B. Vascular tissue greatly improved the ability of plants to absorb and transfer water.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Modern seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.
B. After plant left the water, the important adaptations to evolve was roots.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Vascular plants are further divided into those that reproduce without seeds and those that
reproduce with seeds.
B. Pollen grains ca n't swim, but they are very light, so the wind can carry them.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Sporophytes are haploid, so they have two copies of each gene.
2. By the time the earliest plants evolved, animals were already the dominant living things in the water.
3. Sporophytes are diploid, so they have two copies of each gene.
4. A seed is a reproductive structure that contains an hull and endosperm.
1. Vascular tissue carries water, food and dissolved minerals from the soil to all the other cells of the
plant.
2. Leaves allowed plants to take better advantage of sunlight for photosynthesis.

3. The first plants probably had male and female reproductive organs and needed water to reproduce.
4. The female reproductive organ in a flower is the stamen.
1. Vascular tissue carries food from photosynthetic cells to other cells in the plant for growth or storage.
2. Sporophytes are haploid, so they have two copies of each gene.
3. Vascular tissue allowed plants to grow larger and taller.
4. Sporophytes was important for coping with the strong solar radiation and higher risk of mutations on
water.
1. Vascular tissue forms a plant 's `` plumbing system. ''
2. Seed plants evolved a number of adaptations that made it possible to reproduce with water.
3. The female reproductive organ in a flower is the stamen.
4. Vascular tissue allowed plants to grow larger and taller.
1. In seed plants, both the hull and endosperm are enclosed within embryo.
2. The seed protects and nourishes the ovule and gives it a huge head start in the `` race '' of life.
3. Vascular tissue carries food from photosynthetic cells to other cells in the plant for growth or storage.
4. After plant left the water, the important adaptations to evolve was vascular tissue.
The first plants probably _____ _____ and fe_____ reproductive organs and _____ water to
reproduce.
1. male, female, needed, protected
2. male, female, needed, angiosperms
3. male, female, had, needed
4. female, had, needed, endosperm
_____ and _____ of a plant embryo inside a seed is called germination.
1. development, angiosperms
2. development, survive periods of drought
3. development, colored
4. Early growth, development
Vascular tissue allowed plants to grow _____ and _____.

1. taller, angiosperms
2. taller, roots
3. larger, taller
4. taller, colored
A pollinator is an animal that _____ up pollen on its body and _____ it directly to another flower of
the same species.
1. picks, carries
2. carries, angiosperms
3. carries, became
4. carries, taller
Vascular tissue greatly improved the ability of plants to absorb and _____ water.
1. transfer, colored
2. absorb and, transfer
3. transfer, roots
4. transfer, angiosperms
A. Most eerophytes are ferns or orchids that live in rainforests.
B. Xerophytes adaptations may help them decrease water intake, decrease water loss, or store
water when it 's available.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Plant stems and leaves grow toward a light source.
B. Many plants causes the leaves of many trees to change color and then fall off.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. A plant 's primary way of responding is to change how it is growing and other by tropisms.
B. Carnivorous plants have adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Stems and leaves bend toward sunlight.
B. Xerophytes adaptations may help them increase water intake, decrease water loss, or store water
when it 's available.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Willow trees produce salicylic acid to kill bacteria.
B. Adaptation ensures that plants will grow and produce seeds only when conditions are favorable.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Plants adaption to very dry environments are called xerophytes.
2. Aquatic plants do not need adaptations for absorbing, transporting, and conserving water.
3. Plants first line of defense is the thicking of cells walls surrounding infected tissue.
4. Plants detect and respond to the daily cycle of light and darkness.
1. Willow trees produce hydrocloride acid to kill bacteria.
2. Plants detect and respond to the daily cycle of light and darkness.
3. Plant stems and leaves grow toward a light source.
4. Many plants produce hormones and toxins to fight pathogens.
1. Dormancy ensures that plants will grow and produce seeds only when conditions are favorable.
2. Many plants produce enzymes to fight pathogens.
3. Willow trees produce salicylic acid to kill bacteria.
4. Plant stems and leaves grow toward a food source.

1. Xerophytes obtain moisture from the air instead of the soil.
2. Many plants respond to the days growing shorter in the fall by going dormant.
3. Examples of tropisms in plants include gravitropism and phototropism.
4. Plant roots always grow downward because presence of water in the ground.
1. Many plants suspend growth and development in order to survive the extreme coldness and dryness
of winter.
2. Plants first line of defense is the death of cells surrounding infected tissue.
3. Plants first line of defense is the thicking of cells walls surrounding infected tissue.
4. Tropism in aquatic plants help them keep their flowers and leaves above water.
_____ and _____ bend toward sunlight.
1. leaves, epiphytes
2. leaves, close their leaves at night to prevent water loss
3. Stems, leaves
4. leaves, collect sunlight and then
Many plants causes the leaves of many trees to change color and then fall off.
1. fall off, collect sunlight and then
2. fall off, epiphytes
3. fall off, respond to gravity in this way
4. change color and then, fall off
Some plants open their leaves during the day to collect sunlight and then close their leaves at night
to prevent water loss.
1. collect sunlight and then, close their leaves at night to prevent water loss
2. close their leaves at night to prevent water loss, respond to gravity in this way
3. close their leaves at night to prevent water loss, growth
4. close their leaves at night to prevent water loss, epiphytes
Aquatic plants do not need adaptations for _____, _____, and _____ water.
1. absorbing, transporting, conserving
2. absorbing, conserving, collect sunlight and then

3. absorbing, conserving, have adaptations that help them keep their flowers and
4. absorbing, conserving, epiphytes
_____ such as strong woody stems and deep anchoring roots are not necessary for most aquatic
plants.
1. anchoring deep roots, collect sunlight and then
2. anchoring deep roots, epiphytes
3. Adaptations, anchoring deep roots
4. anchoring deep roots, respond to gravity in this way
Answers
1. 2 2. 2 3. 2 4. 2 5. 1 6. 1,2 7. 2,4 8. 1,3 9. 2,4 10. 2,4 11. 3 12. 1 13.
1 14. 3 15. 3 16. 2 17. 3 18. 2 19. 1 20. 2 21. 2,3 22. 2,3 23. 1,3 24.
1,4 25. 3,4 26. 3 27. 4 28. 3 29. 1 30. 2 31. 1 32. 3 33. 2 34. 2 35. 3 36.
2,4 37. 2,3,4 38. 1,3 39. 2,3 40. 1,2 41. 3 42. 4 43. 1 44. 1 45. 3
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 11 MS Introduction to Animals
A. Modern vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
B. Phylum Platyhelminthes include flatworms, roundworms, and flukes.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Animals are multicellular __________________ in the Animal Kingdom.
1. crustaceans
2. organs
3. eukaryotes
4. different
Being able to move ___________ ___________ actively search for food and mates.
1. lets, quickly
2. reptiles, respond
3. lets, animals
4. lets, Chordata
Animals have ___________ nerve ___________ that can detect light, sound, touch, or ___________
stimuli.
1. specialized, lets, other
2. specialized, vertebrates, other
3. specialized, actively, other
4. specialized, cells, other
Most animals have ___________ levels of ___________ as well.
1. higher, organization
2. higher, has
3. higher, flexibility
4. higher, Diploid

1. Like the cells of all eukaryotes, animal cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
2. All animals can move, at least during some stage of their life cycle.
3. Phylum Cnidaria include jellyfish, and sponges.
4. All of Vertebrates are placed in the Phylum Echinodermata.
1. Most animals are heterotrophs.
2. Animals may have specialized tissues, organs, and even organ systems.
3. All animals are heterotrophs.
4. Animals eat other living things because they ca n't make their own food.
1. Unlike the cells of eukaryotes in the Plant and Fungus Kingdoms, animal cells lack a cell wall.
2. Like the cells of eukaryotes in the Plant and Fungus Kingdoms, animal cells lack a cell wall.
4. Phylum Porifera include sponges and yeast.
1. Phylum Echinodermata include sea stars, sea urchins, crustaceans, and sea cucumbers.
2. Phylum Platyhelminthes include flatworms, roundworms, and flukes.
4. Having higher levels of organization allows animals to perform many complex functions.
2. Phylum Nematoda include tapeworms.
3. Animals may have specialized tissues, organs, and even organ systems.
4. Phylum Cnidaria include jellyfish, and sponges.
_____ and _____ work together to allow movement.
1. nerve tissues, jellyfish
2. nerve tissues, vertebrates
3. Specialized muscle, nerve tissues
4. nerve tissues, respond to a variety of stimuli
Phylum Cnidaria include _____, and _____.
1. jellyfish, corals

2. corals, respond to a variety of stimuli
3. corals, sperm
4. corals, vertebrates
Phylum Platyhelminthes include _____, _____, and _____.
1. flatworms, flukes, squids
2. flatworms, flukes, respond to a variety of stimuli
3. flatworms, tapeworms, flukes
4. flatworms, flukes, vertebrates
Unlike the cells of eukaryotes in the _____ and _____ Kingdoms, animal cells lack a cell wall.
1. Fungus, jellyfish
2. Fungus, nerve tissues
3. Fungus, vertebrates
4. Plant, Fungus
Phylum Annelida include _____, _____, and _____.
1. earthworms, leeches, marine worms
2. leeches, marine worms, respond to a variety of stimuli
3. earthworms, marine worms, flukes
4. earthworms, marine worms, vertebrates
A. After symmetry, mesoderm was evolved.
B. Amphibians had to return to the land to reproduce.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Flatworms are placed in Phylum Platyhelminthes.
B. The sequence of evolved traits are multicellularity and cell specialization, tissues and higher
levels of organization, body symmetry, third embryonic cell layer, digestive system, segmented
body, fluid-filled body cavity, and notochord.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. By 500 million years ago, most modern phyla of animals had evolved.
B. Jellyfish has just one opening for food to enter the body and waste to leave the body.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Even early invertebrates had a digestive system.
B. After evolution of tissues, evolved embryonic cell layer.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
The sequence of evolved traits are multicellularity and ___________ specialization, tissues and
higher levels of organization, body symmetry, third embryonic ___________ layer, digestive system,
fluid-filled body ___________, segmented body, and notochord.
1. cell, has
2. cell, enter
3. cell, next
4. cell, cavity
1. A symmetrical organism can be divided into two identical halves.
2. Backbone evolved jointed legs for walking and jointed antennae for sensing.
3. With a separate mouth and anus, food could move through the body of flatworms in just one
direction.
4. Jellyfish are placed in Phylum Cnidaria.
1. Endoskeleton supports the invertebrates and helps it retain water.
2. Flatworms are placed in Phylum Platyhelminthes.
3. At first, a pseudocoelom completely enclosed by mesoderm.
4. Animals with bilateral symmetry can tell left from right.

1. Flatworms are placed in Phylum Platyhelminthes.
2. Even early vertebrates had a digestive system.
3. Mesoderm is a third embryonic layer of cells between the ectoderm and the endoderm.
4. Modern animals that represent mesoderm stage of evolution are the flatworms.
1. Bilateral symmetry can be divided into identical halves just down the middle from top to bottom.
2. Jellyfish are placed in Phylum Cnidaria.
3. At first, a pseudocoelom is n't completely enclosed by enoderm.
4. Segmentation evolved after digestive cavity.
1. Mesoderm is a third embryonic layer of cells between the ectoderm and the endoderm.
2. Nonchordates needed a way to support their body on dry land without the buoyancy of water.
3. Amniotes are animals that produce eggs lacked waterproof membranes.
4. The concentration of nerve tissue in the head region was the first step in the evolution of a brain.
Amphibians were the first animals to have _____ and _____ for life on land.
1. true lungs, limbs
2. limbs, birds
3. limbs, digestive cavity
4. limbs, cell multicellularity specialization
Mesoderm is a third embryonic layer of cells between the _____ and the _____.
1. ectoderm, endoderm
2. endoderm, earthworm
3. endoderm, cell multicellularity specialization
4. endoderm, birds
All _____ and _____ are segmented.
1. arthropods, birds
2. arthropods, cell multicellularity specialization
3. arthropods, digestive cavity
4. modern annelids, arthropods

As invertebrates _____, it _____ its old exoskeleton and _____ a new one.
1. grows, cell multicellularity specialization
2. grows, digestive cavity
3. grows, birds
4. sheds, grows
The sequence of evolved traits are _____ and _____ specialization, _____ and _____ of _____,
_____, third embryonic _____ layer, _____, fluid-filled body cavity, _____, and _____.
1. multicellularity, cell, cell multicellularity specialization, higher levels, organization, body symmetry,
cell embryonic third layer, digestive system, body fluid-filled cavity, segmented body, notochord, birds
2. multicellularity, cell, cell multicellularity specialization, tissues, higher levels, organization, body
symmetry, cell embryonic third layer, digestive system, body fluid-filled cavity, segmented body,
notochord
3. multicellularity, cell, cell multicellularity specialization, higher levels, organization, body symmetry,
cell embryonic third layer, digestive system, body fluid-filled cavity, segmented body, notochord, jointed
4. multicellularity, cell, cell multicellularity specialization, tissues, higher levels, organization, cell
embryonic third layer, digestive system, body fluid-filled cavity, segmented body, notochord, protected
Answers
1. 3 2. 3 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1 6. 1,2 7. 2,3,4 8. 1,3 9. 3,4 10. 1,3 11. 3 12. 1 13.
3 14. 4 15. 1 16. 3 17. 3 18. 2 19. 3 20. 4 21. 1,4 22. 2,4 23. 1,3,4 24.
1,2 25. 1,4 26. 1 27. 1 28. 4 29. 4 30. 2
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 12 MS Invertebrates
A. Coral reefs provide food and shelter to many other ocean organisms.
B. Cnidarians nervous system consists of a net of nerves that can sense touch.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Sponge larvae have cilia that propel them through the water.
B. A sponge has a porous body with many small holes in it.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Cnidarians belong to Phylum Cnidaria.
B. Corals form large colonies in shallow tropical water.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Cnidarians have two basic body forms, called medusa and polyp.
B. The polyp is a tubular form.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Jellyfish have light-sensing structures and gravity-sensing structures.
B. Sponges are filter feeders.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. The nematocyst is long and thin and has a poison barb on the end.
2. Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually.
3. The water flows out of the sponge through an opening called the osculum.
4. The medusa is usually attached to a surface and unable to move.
1. In Sponges, Sexual reproduction occurs by the production of eggs and sperm.
2. Cnidarians belong to Phylum Porifera.
3. Sponges are filter feeders.
4. The medusais a tubular form.
1. Like sponge adults, sponge larvae can swim.
2. A sponge has a porous body with many small holes in it.
3. Unlike sponge adults, sponge larvae can swim.
4. Unlike sponge adults, sponge larvae can not swim.
1. As larvae develop and grow, they become more similar to an adult sponge and lose their ability to
swim.
2. Unlike sponge adults, sponge larvae can swim.
3. As water flows through the sponge, oxygen diffuses from the water to osculum.
4. Porocytes carry nutrients from the digested food to the rest of the cells in the sponge.
1. Sponges pump water into their body through specialized pore cells called porocytes.
2. The water flows out of the sponge through an opening called the osculum.
3. Sponges pump water into their body through specialized pore cells called spicules.
4. The polyp production of light by living things is called luminescence.
As water flows through a large central cavity, collar cells _____ and _____ food particles in the
water.
1. trap, digest
2. digest, shelter
3. digest, Medusa

4. digest, asexually
The nematocyst is _____ and _____ and _____ a poison barb on the end.
1. thin, has, covered
2. long, thin, has
3. thin, has, trap
4. thin, has, shelter
The endoskeleton helps to support and _____ the sponge.
1. protect, Medusa
2. protect, shelter
3. support and, protect
4. protect, asexually
Sponges reproduce both _____ and _____.
1. asexually, sexually
2. sexually, shelter
3. sexually, Medusa
4. sexually, trap
In Sponges, Sexual reproduction occurs by the production of _____ and _____.
1. sperm, shelter
2. sperm, trap
3. sperm, used
4. eggs, sperm
A. Roundworms have a tough covering of cuticle on the surface of their body.
B. There are more than 25,000 species in the flatworm phylum.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Bilateral symmetry gives Flatworms a better sense of direction than radial symmetry would.
B. By breaking down organic matter, Free-living Roundworms play an important role in the

nitrogen cycle.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Hookworm larvae enter the host through the food.
B. After fertilization occurs, the fertilized eggs remains in the adult 's body and hatch into larvae.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Roundworms have a tough covering of cuticle on the surface of their body.
B. The fluid pressure provides a counterforce for the contraction of muscles, allowing roundworms
to move easily over surfaces.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Free-living Roundworms generally feed on bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or decaying organic matter.
B. Roundworms have a tough covering of keratin on the surface of their body.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Flatworms reproduce asexually.
2. Flatworms have a flat body because they lack a fluid-filled body cavity.
3. Flatworms have a concentration of nerve tissue in the head end.
4. Roundworms have a tough covering of keratin on the surface of their body.
1. Flatworms eat vertebrates and decaying animals.
2. Roundworms have a round body because they pseudocoelom.

3. Roundworms are invertebrates in Phylum Nematoda.
4. In Roundworms, fertilization takes place inside the male organism.
1. Flatworms have an complete digestive system with a single opening.
2. Roundworms are invertebrates in Phylum Nematoda.
3. In Flatworms, the ectoderm layer allows flatworms to develop muscle tissues so they can move easily
over solid surfaces.
4. Tapeworms are parasites that live inside vertebrate hosts.
1. Flatworms ` have a mesoderm layer in addition to ectoderm and endoderm layers.
2. Flatworms eat invertebrates and decaying animals.
3. After fertilization occurs, the fertilized eggs remains in the adult 's body and hatch into larvae.
4. The fluid pressure provides a counterforce for the contraction of muscles, allowing flatworms to move
easily over surfaces.
1. In Flatworms, the mesoderm layer allows flatworms to develop muscle tissues so they can move
easily over solid surfaces.
2. Bilateral symmetry gives Flatworms a better sense of direction than radial symmetry would.
3. Flatworms reproduce asexually.
4. Flatworms have a flat body because they lack a air-filled body cavity.
Flatworms ` have a mesoderm layer in addition to _____ and _____ layers.
1. ectoderm, endoderm
2. endoderm, digestive system
3. endoderm, eggs
4. endoderm, female
After fertilization occurs, the fertilized eggs pass out of the adult 's _____ and _____ into larvae.
1. body, hatch
2. hatch, female
3. hatch, ectoderm
4. hatch, digestive system

In Roundworms, _____ and _____ are produced by separate _____ and fe_____ adults.
1. Sperm, eggs, male, female
2. eggs, male, female, decaying animals
3. eggs, male, female, eliminate wastes all at the same time
4. Sperm, eggs, female, ectoderm
Flatworms eat _____ and _____.
1. decaying animals, female
2. invertebrates, decaying animals
3. decaying animals, ectoderm
4. decaying animals, digestive system
_____ and _____ are ways that roundworms differ from flatworms.
1. digestive system, decaying animals
2. digestive system, ectoderm
3. Pseudocoelom, digestive system
4. digestive system, female
A. Some species of annelids go through a larval stage before developing into adults.
B. Mollusks have a hard outer shell.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Radula can be used to scrape plants off rocks or drill holes in the shells of prey.
B. Segmentation of annelids is highly primitive.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Mollusks have a hard outer shell.
B. Mollusks have circulatory and excretory systems.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Most mollusks have shells.
B. Annelids is secreted by special tissue called mantle on the outer surface of the body.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Segment of annelids might have tentacles for sensing or feeding, `` paddles '' for swimming, or
suckers for clinging to surfaces.
B. Mollusks have a pseudocoelom.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Mollusks is secreted by special tissue called mantle on the outer surface of the body.
2. Segmentation of annelids is highly primitive.
3. Annelids are worms unlike earthworm.
4. Mollusks include squids, slugs, scallops, snails, and clams.
1. A unique feature of mollusks is the radula.
2. Mollusks have a soft outer shell.
3. Mollusks and Annelids have segmented bodies.
4. Some Mollusks are free-living autotrophs.
1. Some Mollusks are free-living autotrophs.
2. Annelids look like roundworms on the outside, but on the inside they are more like mollusks.
3. Annelids are worms unlike earthworm.
4. Mollusks have a hard outer shell.

1. The largest mollusk, the colossal squid, may be as long as a school bus and weigh over half a ton.
2. Mollusks have a pseudocoelom.
3. Mollusks have a heart that pumps blood, and organs that filter out wastes from the blood.
4. Mollusks reproduce asexually.
1. Mollusks have a pseudocoelom.
2. Segmentation of annelids is highly primitive.
3. In mollusks, the head may have tentacles for sensing the environment and grasping food.
4. Radula is a feeding organ with teeth made of chitin.
Mollusks have _____ and _____ systems.
1. excretory, eat other invertebrates
2. excretory, muscle tissues
3. circulatory, excretory
4. excretory, squids
Most Mollusks have separate _____ and fe_____ sexes.
1. female, squids
2. male, female
3. female, eat other invertebrates
4. female, muscle tissues
_____ and _____ have segmented bodies.
1. Mollusks, Annelids
2. Annelids, scallops
3. Annelids, muscle tissues
4. Annelids, eat other invertebrates
In mollusks, the head may have tentacles for _____ the environment and _____ food.
1. grasping, squids
2. grasping, eat other invertebrates
3. grasping, muscle tissues
4. sensing, grasping

In Mollusks, the shell _____ the top of the body and _____ the internal organs.
1. encloses, muscle tissues
2. encloses, eat other invertebrates
3. encloses, squids
4. covers, encloses
A. Life cycle is called incomplete metamorphosis when in some arthropods, newly hatched offspring
look like small adults.
B. The exoskeleton of an arthropod consists of several layers of cuticle.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Arthropods are invertebrates in Phylum Arthropoda.
B. Most arthropods have head, thorax, and abdomen.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. In insects, the head generally has several simple eyes and a pair of compound eyes with many
lenses.
B. In insects, the head generally has several compound eyes with many lenses.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Arthropods have rudimentary circulatory system and a nervous system.
B. In Arthropods, larvae change into the adult form in a process called adaptation.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.

A. The shedding of the exoskeleton is called molting.
B. Some insects can use their antennae to hear sounds.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Because arthropod appendages are jointed, they can bend.
2. In insects, the head generally has several compound eyes with many lenses.
3. The exoskeleton of an arthropod consists of cuticle.
4. Arthropods have a circulatory system and a nervous system.
1. In Arthropods, larvae change into the adult form in a process called adaptation.
2. In addition to insects, arthropods include animals such as spiders, centipedes, and lobsters.
3. Because arthropod appendages are jointed, they can bend.
4. Life cycle is called complete metamorphosis when in some arthropods, newly hatched offspring look
like small adults.
1. In insects, Six legs are attached to the abdomen.
2. Arthropods have separate appendages.
3. The exoskeleton protects and supports the body.
4. Jointed appendages on the head may be modified for other purposes.
1. The exoskeleton prevents water loss.
2. In some arthropods, the thorax and abdomen are joined together.
3. Arthropods have a circulatory system and a nervous system.
4. In insects, the head generally has several compound eyes with many lenses.
1. Arthropods have a complete digestive system.
2. The exoskeleton of an arthropod consists of cuticle.
3. Jaws are used for eating and may also be used for defense.
4. Jointed appendages on the thorax are usually used as legs for walking or jumping.

In Arthropods, _____ and _____ produce gametes.
1. Male, female adults
2. female adults, pairs
3. female adults, lobsters
4. female adults, nervous circulatory system
Jaws are _____ for eating and may also be _____ for defense.
1. used
2. eyes
3. pairs
4. nervous circulatory system
In some arthropods, the _____ and _____ are joined together.
1. thorax, pairs
2. head, thorax
3. thorax, antennae
4. thorax, nervous circulatory system
Insects have three _____ and many jointed appendages.
1. jointed many appendages, pairs
2. body segments, jointed many appendages
3. jointed many appendages, nervous circulatory system
4. jointed many appendages, lobsters
Head appendages often include _____ and _____.
1. lower jaws, nervous circulatory system
2. lower jaws, pairs
3. lower jaws, lobsters
4. upper, lower jaws
A. The suckers can stick to surfaces and help the animal crawl.
B. Pharyngeal slits are present in the embryo but later develop into parts of the eyes.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Echinoderms do n't have centralized nervous system and do not have a heart.
B. Invertebrates notochord develops into a backbone.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Echinoderms can be found in marine habitats from the equator to the poles.
B. Phylum Chordata have a post-anal tail, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, and pharyngeal
slits.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Spiny skins of Echinoderms are part of the animal 's endoskeleton and just covered with a thin
layer of skin.
B. In tunicates, the same adults produce sperm and eggs.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Some echinoderms can reproduce asexually by fission and reproduce sexually.
B. Chordates have a repeating segmented body.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. In echinoderms, Eggs hatch into larvae that have bilateral symmetry and can swim.

2. In echinoderms, Eggs hatch into larvae that have radial symmetry and can swim.
3. In Echinoderms, the end of each tube foot has a sucker.
4. In echinoderms, during metamorphosis, their radial symmetry changes to bilateral symmetry.
1. Because echinoderm larvae have radial symmetry and only develop bilateral symmetry as adults.
2. Some echinoderms can reproduce sexually by fission.
3. A complete starfish can regrow from a single `` arm. ''
4. Spiny skins of Echinoderms are part of the animal 's endoskeleton and just covered with a thin layer of
skin.
1. Chordates have a incomplete digestive system, central nervous system, and circulatory system.
2. Some echinoderms have simple eyes that can sense light.
3. Echinoderms have a heart.
4. Some echinoderms can reproduce asexually by fission and reproduce sexually.
1. A complete starfish can regrow from a single `` arm. ''
2. Echinoderms has a network of internal nerves.
3. In echinoderms, fertilization typically occurs inside the body in the water.
4. In echinoderms, during metamorphosis, their bilateral symmetry changes to radial symmetry.
1. Like annelids, echinoderms can regrow a missing body part.
2. In echinoderms, Eggs hatch into larvae that have radial symmetry and can swim.
3. The suckers can stick to surfaces and help the animal crawl.
4. Echinoderms have a well-developed coelom and incomplete digestive system.
The pharynx is the tube that joins the mouth to the _____ and _____ tracts.
1. digestive, respiratory
2. respiratory, stick to surfaces and
3. respiratory, swim
4. respiratory, asexually
Echinoderms generally have separate sexes that produce _____ and _____.
1. sperm, eggs

2. eggs, stick to surfaces and
3. eggs, eggs
4. eggs, help the animal crawl
Phylum Chordata is a _____ and _____ phylum.
1. diverse, stick to surfaces and
2. diverse, asexually
3. diverse, swim
4. large, diverse
Echinoderms do n't have _____ nervous system and do not have a heart.
1. have centralized nervous system and do not have a heart, stick to surfaces and
2. centralized, have centralized nervous system and do not have a heart
3. have centralized nervous system and do not have a heart, asexually
4. have centralized nervous system and do not have a heart, diverse
Echinoderms include _____ and _____, they include sea stars, feather stars, and _____.
1. sea urchins, sea cucumbers, feather sea stars, sand dollars
2. sea urchins, feather sea stars, sand dollars, centralized
3. sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, asexually
4. sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, digestive complete system
Answers
1. 2 2. 2 3. 2 4. 2 5. 2 6. 1,2,3 7. 1,3 8. 2,3 9. 1,2 10. 1,2 11. 1 12. 2 13.
3 14. 1 15. 4 16. 2 17. 3 18. 1 19. 2 20. 3 21. 2,3 22. 2,3 23. 2,4 24.
1,2 25. 1,2 26. 1 27. 1 28. 1 29. 2 30. 3 31. 2 32. 1 33. 2 34. 3 35. 3 36.
1,4 37. 1,3 38. 2,4 39. 1,3 40. 3,4 41. 3 42. 2 43. 1 44. 4 45. 4 46. 2 47.
2 48. 3 49. 1 50. 2 51. 1,4 52. 2,3 53. 3,4 54. 1,3 55. 1,3 56. 1 57. 1 58.
2 59. 2 60. 4 61. 3 62. 3 63. 2 64. 2 65. 3 66. 1,3 67. 3,4 68. 2,4 69.
1,4 70. 1,3 71. 1 72. 1 73. 4 74. 2 75. 1
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 13 MS Fishes, Amphibians, and Reptiles
A. Vivipary refers to the development and nourishment of an embryo within the mother 's body but
not inside an egg.
B. Vertebrates are a notochord, have a ventral hollow nerve cord, a post-anal tail, and pharyngeal
slits.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The vertebrate endoskeleton includes limb girdles that connect the limbs to the rest of the
endoskeleton.
B. Amphibians are endothermic.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The vertebrate endoskeleton includes limb girdles that connect the limbs to the rest of the
endoskeleton.
B. The main trait of vertebral column.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Amphibians are endothermic.
B. Hagfish endoskeleton is made of bones and are ectothermic.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Amphibians have four limbs.
B. In Vivipary, birth may be followed by a period of parental care of the offspring.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Cartilaginous Fish do not have jaws.
2. The majority of vertebrates have muscles attached to the endoskeleton to allow movement.
3. Cartilaginous Fish endoskeleton is made of cartilage and are endothermic.
4. In Ovovivipary, the egg remains inside the mother 's body until it hatches, but the mother provides no
nourishment to the developing embryo inside the egg.
1. Lampreys do have jaws.
2. Ovovivipary refers to the development of an embryo inside an egg within the mother 's body.
3. Vivipary refers to the development of an embryo inside an egg within the mother 's body.
4. Bone provides more protection for soft tissues and internal organs.
1. In vivipary, the egg remains inside the mother 's body until it hatches, but the mother provides no
nourishment to the developing embryo inside the egg.
2. Lampreys are endothermic.
3. Ovipary occurs in most fish, amphibians, and reptiles.
4. Bone is less flexible than cartilage but stronger.
1. Lampreys have a full backbone.
2. Lampreys do have jaws.
3. Ovipary refers to the development of an embryo within an egg outside the mother 's body.
4. The majority of vertebrates have scales, feathers, fur, or hair covering their skin.
1. Vivipary refers to the development of an embryo inside an egg within the mother 's body.
2. Vivipary occurs in some species of fish and reptiles.
3. Ovipary occurs in all birds.
4. Ovipary refers to the development of an embryo within an egg outside the mother 's body.
Cartilaginous Fish endoskeleton is _____ of cartilage and are _____.

1. ectothermic, amphibians
2. made, ectothermic
3. ectothermic, Mammals
4. ectothermic, have thin, bony fins and are
Mammals have a bony endoskeleton with a _____ and _____.
1. jaws, Mammals
2. jaws, jaws
3. backbone, jaws
4. jaws, fish
Ovovivipary occurs in some species of _____ and _____.
1. reptiles, fish
2. fish, reptiles
3. reptiles, jaws
4. reptiles, Mammals
Mammals have am amniotic eggs and have mammary glands.
1. have am amniotic eggs and have mammary glands
2. backbone
3. Mammals
4. amphibians
Amphibians have gills as _____ and _____ as adults.
1. lungs, internal organs
2. lungs, Mammals
3. lungs, amphibians
4. larvae, lungs
A. Lampreys generally live in shallow water, either salty or fresh.
B. Gills are organs behind the head that absorb oxygen and other gases from water.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
A. Cartilaginous lack a swim blad der.
B. Spawning increases the changes that fertilization will take place.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Lobe-finned fish have ___________ fins ___________ bone and muscle.
1. fleshy, vertebral
2. fleshy, larger
3. fleshy, brain
4. fleshy, contain
A. Hagfish have a backbone and cranium.
B. Hagfish are deep-ocean surface dwellers.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Fish fins reduce friction with the water.
B. Lobe-finned fish include only coelacanths and shark.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Fish have a complete digestive system.
2. Cartilaginous have a swim bladder.
3. Ray-finned do not have a swim bladder.
4. Most fish have fins.

1. Ray-finned fish are a type of bony fish, with an en-doskeleton made of cartilage.
2. The embryo develops in an egg outside the mother 's body.
4. Most fish are oviparous.
1. Hagfish have a backbone and cranium.
2. Water enters through the mouth, passes over the gills, and then exits the body.
3. Fertilization takes place in the water outside the body in the majority of fish.
4. Fish brains are large compared with the brains of other vertebrates.
1. Most fish have a swim bladder.
2. Fish have highly developed sense organs which include organs to see, hear, feel, smell, and taste.
3. There may be parental care of offspring.
1. Fish have a circulatory system with a heart.
2. Lampreys mouth has jaw with teeth.
3. Fish with jaws use their jaws and teeth to chew food before swallowing it.
4. Ray-finned fish are a type of bony fish, with an en-doskeleton made of cartilage.
Cartilaginous prey on _____ and _____, or else they eat plankton.
1. aquatic mammals, sharks
2. aquatic mammals, fish Cartilaginous jaws
3. other fish, aquatic mammals
4. aquatic mammals, then
Cartilaginous have a complete vertebral column and _____.
1. jaws, then
2. jaws, ratfish
3. vertebral complete column, jaws
4. jaws, fish Cartilaginous jaws
Lobe-finned fish include only _____ and _____.

1. coelacanths, lungfish
2. lungfish, then
3. lungfish, fish Cartilaginous jaws
4. lungfish, sharks
Fish have highly developed sense organs which include organs to see, hear, feel, smell, and _____.
1. taste, then
2. taste, ratfish
3. sense developed organs, taste
4. taste, fish Cartilaginous jaws
Cartilaginous fish include _____, _____, and _____.
1. sharks, ratfish, other fish
2. sharks, ratfish, fish Cartilaginous jaws
3. sharks, rays, ratfish
4. rays, ratfish, then
Amphibians __________________ in freshwater and moist-soil habitats throughout the world.
1. digestive
2. fresh
3. systems
4. live
A. Frogs and toads back legs are smaller.
B. Modern amphibians include frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Frogs have a larynx, or voice box, that allows them to make sounds.
B. Most amphibians go through a larval stage that is same from the adult form.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Amphibians live in salt water and moist-soil habitats throughout the world.
B. Once eggs are laid, amphibian parents typically provide parental care.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Caecilians have a long, worm-like body.
B. All amphibians have digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems in cloaca.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Modern amphibians include frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians.
2. Amphibians are active in warm weather, but they become sluggish when the temperature cools.
3. Amphibians are ectotherms, so they have little control over their body temperature.
4. Amphibians have moist skin with or without scales.
1. Amphibians skin is kept moist by mucus, which is secreted by mucous glands.
2. Amphibians skin is kept moist by mucus, which is secreted by mucous membrane.
3. Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults.
4. Frogs and toads back legs are smaller.
1. Wastes enter the cloaca from the digestive and excretory systems.
2. Modern amphibians include frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians.
3. The keratin in amphibians is too tough to allow gases and water to pass through their skin.
4. Fertilization may take place inside or outside the body.
1. Amphibians reproduce asexually.

2. Amphibians skin is kept moist by mucus, which is secreted by mucous glands.
3. Amphibians skin is kept moist by mucus, which is secreted by mucous membrane.
4. Wastes enter the cloaca from the digestive and excretory systems.
1. Amphibians have rudimentory sensory organs.
2. Amphibians are active in warm weather, but they become sluggish when the temperature cools.
3. Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults.
4. Amphibians have moist skin with or without scales.
The keratin in amphibians is not too tough to allow _____ and _____ to pass through their skin.
1. water, fresh water
2. water, tasting
3. gases, water
4. water, snails
_____ and _____ back legs are longer because they are specialized for jumping.
1. toads, water
2. toads, smelling
3. Frogs, toads
4. toads, snails
Amphibians are vertebrates that live _____ of the time in _____ and _____ of the time on land.
1. part, evolve four legs and
2. part, snails
3. part, tasting
4. fresh water, part
_____ and _____ keep their tails as adults.
1. Salamanders, newts
2. newts, snails
3. newts, water
4. newts, smelling
Amphibians are the prey of many other vertebrates, including _____, _____, _____, and _____.

1. snakes, raccoons, fish, fresh water
2. snakes, raccoons, fish, snails
3. birds, snakes, raccoons, fish
4. birds, raccoons, fish, digestive excretory
Reptiles ___________ more efficient ___________ for breathing air.
1. have, lungs
2. have, tortoises
3. have, carnivorous
4. have, snakes
A. Heterotrophs that eat only or mainly plants are called herbivores.
B. Crocodilians live in and around swamps or bodies of water.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
The reptile ___________ is ___________ of the largest ___________ of vertebrates.
1. class, one, classes
2. class, place, tuataras
3. class, place, classes
4. class, hatchlings, classes
A. Crocodilia include crocodiles, alligators, caimans, and gharils.
B. The Testudines Order includes turtles, tortoises, and terrapins.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Because of their tough scales, reptiles ca n't absorb oxygen through their skin as amphibians
can.
B. Adult reptiles provide care for their offspring once the eggs are laid.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Reptiles have more efficient lungs for breathing air.
2. Reptiles do not have a cloaca.
3. Lizards may live in the ocean, in fresh water and live on land.
4. In addition to amniotic eggs, reptiles have several other adaptations for living on land.
1. Reptiles are ectothermic, four-legged vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs.
2. In reptile, chest muscles contract to push air out of the lungs.
3. Reptiles have a circulatory system without a heart.
4. Reptiles have on tract for moving air into and out of their lungs.
1. Reptiles brain is relatively small, but the parts of the brain that control the senses and learning are
larger than in amphibians.
2. In most reptile species, once fertilized the eggs remain in the cloaca.
3. Because of their tough scales, reptiles ca n't absorb oxygen through their skin as amphibians can.
4. All reptiles are Autotrophs, and the majority eats other animals.
1. Reptiles have more efficient lungs for breathing air.
2. Reptile skin is covered with scales.
3. Autotrophs that eat only or mainly plants are called herbivores.
4. The Squamata order includes lizards, terrapins and snakes.
1. Besides turtles, Reptiles includes crocodiles, alligators, lizards, and snakes.
2. Reptiles have a centralized nervous system with a brain.
3. The reptile class is one of the largest classes of vertebrates.
4. Crocodilians have relatively simple brains than other reptiles.
Some reptiles have a heat-sensing organ that helps them locate the warm bodies of prey animals
such as _____ and _____.
1. small mammals, animals

2. small mammals, smell
3. small mammals, turtle shells
4. birds, small mammals
Reptiles have various ways of moving air _____ and _____ of their lungs.
1. into, out
2. out, have strong jaws and
3. out, bones
4. out, animals
Besides turtles, Reptiles includes _____, _____, _____, and _____.
1. crocodiles, lizards, snakes, animals
2. alligators, lizards, snakes, complex brains
3. crocodiles, alligators, lizards, snakes
4. alligators, lizards, snakes, bones
Crocodilians have powerful jaws are strong enough to crush _____ and _____.
1. turtle shells, heterotrophs
2. turtle shells, animals
3. bones, turtle shells
4. turtle shells, gharils
Crocodilians have relatively _____ and _____ than other reptiles.
1. complex brains, greater intelligence
2. greater intelligence, bones
3. greater intelligence, gharils
4. greater intelligence, animals
Answers
1. 3 2. 3 3. 2 4. 1 5. 2 6. 2,4 7. 2,4 8. 3,4 9. 3,4 10. 3,4 11. 2 12. 3 13.
2 14. 1 15. 4 16. 3 17. 2 18. 4 19. 1 20. 1 21. 1,4 22. 2,4 23. 2,3 24.
1,2 25. 1,3 26. 3 27. 3 28. 1 29. 3 30. 3 31. 4 32. 1 33. 3 34. 1 35. 2 36.
1,2,3 37. 1,3 38. 1,4 39. 2,4 40. 2,3 41. 3 42. 3 43. 4 44. 1 45. 3 46. 1 47.
2 48. 1 49. 2 50. 3 51. 1,4 52. 1,2 53. 1,3 54. 1,2 55. 1,2,3 56. 4 57. 1 58.
3 59. 3 60. 1
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 14 MS Birds and Mammals
A. Diurnal Raptors have a sharp, hooked beak and strong legs with clawed feet.
B. Birds are four-limbed, endothermic vertebrates.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Parrots order stand upright on strong legs with clawed feet.
B. Nocturnal Raptors include burrowing owls, barn owls, and horned owls.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Because birds walk on two legs, they are called bipedal.
B. Perching Birds include honeyeaters, sparrows, and crows.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Birds reproduce sexually and have separates sexes.
B. Specialists are organisms that eat many different types of food.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Nocturnal Raptors have a sharp, hooked beak and strong legs with clawed feet.
B. Landfowl Order usually have a thick neck and short, rounded wings.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. Birds have special air sacs for storing extra air and pumping it into the lungs.
2. Birds have a relatively large heart and a rapid heart rate.
3. Perching Birds stand upright on strong legs with clawed feet.
4. Birds can not maintain a warm body temperature even in a cold climate.
1. Landfowl Order includes turkeys, chickens, and pheasants.
2. Diurnal Raptors include burrowing owls, barn owls, and horned owls.
3. Perching Birds stand upright on strong legs with clawed feet.
4. After the eggs hatch, the parents birds generally continue their care.
1. After mating and fertilization occur, eggs are laid, usually in a nest.
2. Diurnal Raptors have excellent hearing and can hunt with their sense of hearing alone.
3. Landfowl Order usually have a thick neck and short, rounded wings.
4. Waterfowl Order flight tends to be brief and close to the ground.
1. Birds can not maintain a warm body temperature even in a cold climate.
2. Waterfowl order include ducks, geese, and swans.
3. Landfowl Order includes turkeys, chickens, and pheasants.
4. Landfowl order spend most of their time on the water surface.
1. Birds have relatively big brains for their body size.
2. In Birds, fertilization occurs externally.
3. Nocturnal Raptors hunt by sight and have excellent vision.
4. Birds have special air sacs for storing extra air and pumping it into the lungs.
Most birds build nests for their _____ and _____, and each species _____ a certain way of doing it.
1. eggs, build nests for their eggs and hatchlings, and each species, has, feathers
2. eggs, hatchlings, has, day
3. eggs, hatchlings, has, breed in most terrestrial habitats on Earth
4. eggs, hatchlings, build nests for their eggs and hatchlings, and each species, has

To keep their flight muscles well supplied with oxygen, birds evolved specialized _____ and _____
systems.
1. respiratory, circulatory
2. circulatory, strong flyers
3. circulatory, feathers
4. circulatory, breed in most terrestrial habitats on Earth
order include _____, _____, and _____.
1. hawks, eagles, rounded
2. hawks, eagles, feathers
3. hawks, eagles, breed in most terrestrial habitats on Earth
4. hawks, falcons, eagles
Birds reproduce sexually and have _____ sexes.
1. separates, strong flyers
2. reproduce sexually and have, separates
3. separates, breed in most terrestrial habitats on Earth
4. separates, feathers
Diurnal Raptors _____ by sight and have excellent vision.
1. have excellent vision, webbed
2. have excellent vision, breed in most terrestrial habitats on Earth
3. hunt, have excellent vision
4. have excellent vision, feathers
A. Female monotremes they have a cloaca with one external opening, like the cloaca of reptiles and
birds.
B. Rodentia have chisel-like incisor teeth.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Chiroptera have long pointed canine teeth.

B. Cetacea have five digits on hands and feet.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Chiroptera have digits support membranous wings.
B. The heat comes from the body and cools it down.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Sweating wets the skin.
B. Female monotremes have mammary glands but not nipples.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Mammals which lay eggs are called monotremes.
B. Monotremes include the opossums and platypus.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Carnivores are heterotrophs that eat only or mainly animal foods.
2. Female monotremes have a uterus and vagina.
3. Mammals that are herbivores include rabbits, mice, sheep, zebras, deer, kangaroos, and monkeys.
4. Carnivora have incisor teeth grow continuously.
1. In hot weather, mammals lose excess body heat by increasing blood flow to the body surface.
2. Monotremes are found only in Austria and the nearby island of New Guinea.

3. In both placental and marsupial mammals, the young grow and develop inside the mother 's body in
an organ called the ovaries.
4. The manatee eats mainly kelp.
1. Some mammals even eat conifer needles or tree bark.
2. The heat comes from the body and cools it down.
3. Primates have small sharp teeth.
4. By giving birth to tiny embryos, marsupial placental are at less risk.
1. In both placental and marsupial mammals, the young grow and develop inside the mother 's body in
an organ called the ovaries.
2. Primates have small sharp teeth.
3. Mammals that are herbivores include rabbits, mice, sheep, zebras, deer, kangaroos, and monkeys.
2. By giving birth to tiny embryos, marsupial placental are at less risk.
3. Many mammals are herbivores.
4. The tiny newborn placental may be less likely to survive than a newborn marsupial mammal.
The placenta passes _____ and _____ to the mother.
1. other wastes, provides
2. carbon dioxide, other wastes
3. other wastes, cools
4. other wastes, feet
Mammals that are herbivores include _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.
1. mice, sheep, zebras, deer, kangaroos, monkeys, feet
2. rabbits, mice, sheep, zebras, kangaroos, monkeys, membranes
3. rabbits, mice, sheep, zebras, kangaroos, monkeys, develop inside the mother 's body in an organ
called the uterus
4. rabbits, mice, sheep, zebras, deer, kangaroos, monkeys

The marsupial embryo completes its _____ and _____ outside the mother 's body in a pouch.
1. development, feet
2. development, cools
3. growth, development
4. development, provides
Omnivores are heterotrophs that eat a mix of _____ and _____ foods.
1. animal, provides
2. animal, cools
3. plant, animal
4. animal, feet
The heat _____ from the body and _____ it down.
1. cools, mice
2. cools, feet
3. comes, cools
4. cools, provides
An ___________ thumb can be brought into opposition with the other fingers of the same
___________.
1. opposable, food
2. opposable, hand
3. opposable, more
4. opposable, ancestors
The ___________ of primates can be used to do a ___________ of tasks, including grasping
branches and holding tools.
1. digits, bony
2. tree-living, evolved
3. digits, variety
4. digits, surrounds
A. Fruit and leaves is the preferred food for almost all primates except humans.
B. Primates live primarily in costal region of Central and South America, Africa, and South Asia.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
The digits of primates can be used to do a variety of tasks, including ___________ ___________ and
holding ___________.
1. grasping, consists, tools
2. grasping, branches, tools
3. grasping, beings, reflected
4. bony, beings, socket
A primate is a ___________ in the Primate Order of placental ___________.
1. mammal, gives
2. mammal, omnivorous
3. mammal, mammals
4. mammal, variety
1. Primates rely more on the sense of smell rather than the sense of vision.
2. Prosimians include lemurs and lorises.
3. Primates have widely spaced eyes in the same plane that give them stereoscopic vision, needed for
judging distances.
4. Primates tend to have smaller brains for their body size than other mammals.
1. Primates live primarily in costal region of Central and South America, Africa, and South Asia.
2. Non-primate mammals rely more on the sense of vision rather than the sense of smell.
3. In addition to human beings, Primate order consists of lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.
4. Primates have relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors.
3. The importance of vision in primates is reflected by the bony socket that surrounds and protects the
primate eye.
4. Prosimian primates are placed in groups that include tarsiers, New World monkeys, Old World

monkeys, apes, and humans.
3. Primates rely more on the sense of smell rather than the sense of vision.
2. Primates rely more on the sense of vision rather than the sense of smell, which is the dominant sense
in many other mammals.
3. Being dependent on adults for a short maturation period gives young primates small amount of time
to learn from their elders.
4. Prosimian primates are placed in groups that include tarsiers, New World monkeys, Old World
monkeys, apes, and humans.
The digits of primates can be used to do a variety of tasks, including grasping _____ and _____.
1. holding tools, animal
2. branches, holding tools
3. holding tools, lemurs
4. holding tools, Central
Primates reach maturity later and have longer lifespans.
1. reach maturity later and, have longer lifespans
2. have longer lifespans, lemurs
3. have longer lifespans, animal
4. have longer lifespans, Central
Most primates have opposable thumbs to allow the hand to grasp and _____ things.
1. grasp and, hold
2. hold, animal
3. hold, Central
4. hold, lemurs
The importance of vision in primates is reflected by the bony socket that _____ and _____ the

primate eye.
1. surrounds, protects
2. protects, animal
3. protects, lemurs
4. protects, Central
Non-prosimian primates are placed in groups that include _____, New World monkeys, Old World
monkeys, _____, and _____.
1. tarsiers, World Old World New monkeys, humans, animal
2. tarsiers, World Old World New monkeys, apes, humans
3. World Old World New monkeys, apes, humans, Central
4. tarsiers, World Old World New monkeys, humans, lemurs
Answers
1. 4 2. 2 3. 2 4. 3 5. 2 6. 1,2 7. 1,4 8. 1,3 9. 2,3 10. 1,4 11. 4 12. 1 13.
4 14. 2 15. 3 16. 3 17. 1 18. 2 19. 2 20. 3 21. 1,3 22. 1,4 23. 1,2 24.
3,4 25. 1,3 26. 2 27. 4 28. 3 29. 3 30. 3 31. 2 32. 3 33. 1 34. 2 35. 3 36.
2,3 37. 3,4 38. 1,3 39. 1,4 40. 1,2 41. 2 42. 1 43. 1 44. 1 45. 2
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 15 MS Animal Behavior
A. Bees learn to find nectar in certain types of flowers because they have found nectar in those
types of flowers before.
B. Baby ducks follow their friends to stay close to her for protection and survival.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
___________ learning generally ___________ coming up with new ways to ___________ problems.
1. Insight, means, Frogs
2. Insight, Learned, solve
3. Insight, involves, solve
4. Insight, call, solve
A. Habituation requires relatively great intelligence.
B. Habituation generally involves coming up with new ways to solve problems.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. All members of a species perform an innate behavior in the same way.
B. Animals with greater ability make sound have a better chance of passing their genes to the next
generation.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. If an animal were to perform such behaviors incorrectly, it might be less likely to survive or
reproduce.
B. Conditioning can involve a punishment instead.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Male elephant seals fight to defend their hunting territory from each other.
2. The big advantage of learned behaviors over innate behaviors is that learned behaviors are flexible.
3. Behaviors that help animals reproduce or survive increase their fitness.
4. Habituation requires relatively great intelligence.
1. Learning by watching and copying the behavior of someone else is called observational learning.
2. If genes control behaviors that decrease fitness, the behaviors become more common in the species.
3. Animals with greater fitness have a better chance of passing their genes to the next generation.
4. An innate behavior is any behavior that occurs through conditioning in all the animals of a given
species.
1. Habituation generally happens quickly.
2. Animals with greater fitness have a better chance of passing their genes to the next generation.
3. Human reflex behaviors occur mainly in babies.
4. The first time an animal performs an insight learning, the animal does it well.
1. A reflex behavior is a simple response that always occurs when a certain stimulus is present.
3. Human children learn many behaviors Insight learning.
4. If an animal were to perform such behaviors correctly, it might be less likely to survive or reproduce.
1. Habituation generally happens quickly.
2. The first time an animal performs an insight learning, the animal does it well.
4. The big advantage of learned behaviors over innate behaviors is that learned behaviors are flexible.
Insight learning is learning from _____ and _____.
1. reasoning, protection
2. past experiences, reasoning

3. reasoning, make birds sick
4. reasoning, learning
Learning by _____ and _____ the behavior of someone else is called observational learning.
1. copying, protection
2. copying, learning
3. watching, copying
4. copying, reasoning
Most animals are capable of _____, but animals that are more intelligent are better at _____ and
depend more on learned behaviors.
1. depend more on learned behaviors, reasoning
2. depend more on learned behaviors, watching
3. learning, depend more on learned behaviors
4. depend more on learned behaviors, protection
The human species is the most intelligent animal species, and it _____ very few innate behaviors.
1. has, reasoning
2. has, watching
3. has, protection
4. animal intelligent human species, has
Monarch butterflies taste bad and make birds sick.
1. make birds sick, protection
2. make birds sick, reasoning
3. make birds sick, learning
4. taste bad and, make birds sick
A. In most species of birds and mammals, one or both parents care for the young.
B. Male courtship behaviors are meant to get the attention of females and show off a male 's traits.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.

___________ of behaviors with annual cycles include migration and ___________.
1. Examples, releasing
2. Examples, hibernation
3. evolve, detect
4. Examples, selection
Territorial ___________ defend an area that typically includes their nest and ___________ food for
themselves and their offspring.
1. animals, making
2. animals, young
3. making, sounds
4. animals, enough
A. The biological clock sends signals to the body.
B. Caring for the young increases the parents ' fitness, so such behaviors evolve by natural
selection.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Mating is the pairing of an adult male and an adult female for the purpose of reproduction.
B. Without communication, animals would not be able to live together in groups.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Specific examples are ants, bees, crows, wolves, and human beings.
2. Migration increases the parents ' fitness, so such behaviors evolve by natural selection.
3. Members of the group may cooperate by dividing up tasks, defending each other, and sharing food.
4. Hibernation may last for months or even years.
1. Bees and other social animals must cooperate to live together successfully.

2. Communication helps them find mates and care for their offspring.
3. Hibernation is a state in which an animal 's body processes stops and its body temperature falls.
4. Territorial animals defend by releasing chemicals an area that typically includes their nest and enough
food for themselves and their offspring.
1. Communication may help animals work together to find food and defend themselves from predators.
2. In Social animals, members of the group depend completely on one another.
3. Migration helps animal survive during a time of year when food is scarce.
1. Hibernation may last for months or even years.
2. Bees and other social animals must cooperate to live together successfully.
3. Animals may communicate by sight with gestures, body postures, or facial expressions.
4. Animals may do natural selection by sight with gestures, body postures, or facial expressions.
1. The humans communicate is with language and facial expressions.
3. In Social animals, group members must work together for the good of all.
4. Humans use gestures and body postures to communicate.
Members of the group may cooperate by _____ up tasks, _____ each other, and _____ food.
1. dividing, sharing, defend themselves from predators
2. dividing, sharing, mates
3. dividing, defending, sharing
4. defending, sharing, body
_____ and _____ are triggered by changes in the environment, such as the days growing shorter in
the fall.
1. hibernation, defend themselves from predators
2. hibernation, body
3. hibernation, hearing

4. Migration, hibernation
The animals that are _____ during the day and _____ diurnal.
1. called, facial
2. called, frogs
3. active, called
4. called, body
Communication may help animals work together to find food and defend themselves from
predators.
1. defend themselves from predators, human beings
2. defend themselves from predators, care
3. defend themselves from predators, body
4. help animals work together to find food and, defend themselves from predators
Examples of behaviors with annual cycles include _____ and _____.
1. migration, hibernation
2. hibernation, defend themselves from predators
3. hibernation, body
4. hibernation, mates
Answers
1. 3 2. 3 3. 1 4. 3 5. 2 6. 1,2,3 7. 1,3 8. 2,3 9. 1,2 10. 3,4 11. 2 12. 3 13.
3 14. 4 15. 4 16. 2 17. 2 18. 4 19. 2 20. 2 21. 1,3 22. 1,2 23. 1,2 24.
2,3 25. 1,3,4 26. 3 27. 4 28. 3 29. 4 30. 1
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 16 MS Skin, Bones, and Muscles
A. Connective tissue secretes substances such as hormones and absorbs substances such as
nutrients.
B. Nervous tissue is connective tissue consists of neurons, which can send and receive electrical
messages.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Nervous ___________ consists of nerve cells, or neurons, which can send and receive electrical
___________.
1. tissue, linings
2. tissue, carry
3. tissue, messages
4. other, Blood
A. Epithelial tissue consists of cells that cover inner and outer body surfaces.
B. Blood is a epithelial tissue.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
The body is in homeostasis when its internal environment is kept ___________ ___________.
1. more-or-less, nerves
2. more-or-less, constant
3. more-or-less, homeostasis
4. more-or-less, protects
Epithelial ___________ consists of cells that cover inner and ___________ body surfaces.
1. tissue, outer
2. tissue, is
3. tissue, tissue Examples

4. tissue, include
1. Examples of Epithelial tissue include skin and the linings of internal organs.
2. Examples of Connective tissue include bone, skin and cartilage, which protect and support the body.
3. Muscle tissue consists of cells that can contract, or shorten.
4. An organ system is a group of organs that work independently to carry out a complex function.
1. A tissue is a group of specialized cells of the different kind that perform the same function.
2. Human cells are organized into tissues, tissues are organized into organs, and organs are organized
into organ systems.
3. Different types of cells in the human body are surface skill cell, Bone cell, Nueron, Skeletal muscle
cells.
4. Muscle tissue consists of cells that can contract, or shorten.
1. Examples of Connective tissue include bone, skin and cartilage, which protect and support the body.
2. Examples of Connective tissue include bone and cartilage, which protect and support the body.
3. Blood is a epithelial tissue.
4. Blood is a connective tissue.
1. A tissue is a group of specialized cells of the same kind that perform the same function.
into organ systems.
3. The organ systems of the body work independently to carry out life processes and maintain
homeostasis.
4. Blood is a epithelial tissue.
1. Connective tissue secretes substances such as hormones and absorbs substances such as nutrients.
2. Nervous tissue is connective tissue consists of neurons, which can send and receive electrical
messages.
into organ systems.
4. Examples of Connective tissue include bone and cartilage, which protect and support the body.

Other types of muscle include cardiac muscle, which _____ the heart beat, and smooth muscle,
which is found in other internal organs.
1. smooth muscle, which is found in other internal organs, attached
2. smooth muscle, which is found in other internal organs, maintain homeostasis
3. smooth muscle, which is found in other internal organs, send and
4. makes, smooth muscle, which is found in other internal organs
Human cells are _____ into tissues, tissues are _____ into organs, and organs are _____ into organ
systems.
1. maintain homeostasis
2. organized
3. makes
4. send and
Basic types of human tissues are _____, _____, _____, and nervous tissues.
1. epithelial, muscle, nervous human tissues, spinal cord
2. epithelial, muscle, nervous human tissues, brain
3. connective, muscle, nervous human tissues, maintain homeostasis
4. connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous human tissues
Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells, or neurons, which can send and receive electrical messages.
1. receive electrical messages, internal organs
2. receive electrical messages, maintain homeostasis
3. send and, receive electrical messages
4. receive electrical messages, inner
Blood _____ and _____ cells throughout the body.
1. connects, maintain homeostasis
2. connects, absorbs
3. connects, skin
4. circulates, connects
As ___________ ___________ ___________, they produce the tough, fibrous protein called keratin.
1. epithelial, travels, secreted
2. epithelial, cells, move

3. epithelial, waterproof, move
4. epithelial, fibrous, move
A. The dermis is made of tough connective tissue.
B. Fingernails and toenails are made of specialized cells that grow out of the epidermis.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The skin helps maintain a constant body temperature.
B. The more light you get, the more melanin your melanocytes produce.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Sweat travels from the gland through the duct and out through a pore on the surface of the skin.
B. The dermis contains hair follicles and two types of glands.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The cells at the bottom of the epidermis are always dividing by meosis to form new cells.
B. Sebaceous glands helps maintain homeostasis.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. The new cells gradually move up through the epidermis toward the surface of the body.
2. The epidermis consists almost entirely of epithelial cells.
3. There are blood vessels, nerve endings, or glands in epidermis layer.
4. Sebaceous glands prevents the loss of too much water from the body.

1. The epidermis contains cells called melanocytes.
2. Melanin in the epidermis reflect ultraviolet light.
3. The dermis is attached to protein collagen.
4. There are no blood vessels, nerve endings, or glands in this skin layer.
1. Only mammals may have hair.
2. Melanocytes produce melanin.
3. Sebaceous glands helps maintain homeostasis.
4. Melanin is a brown pigment that gives skin much of its color.
1. The epidermis contains cells called melanocytes.
2. The dermis is the inner layer of skin.
3. Melanin in the epidermis reflect ultraviolet light.
4. Each hair grows out of a follicle, passes up through the epidermis, and extends above the skin surface.
1. As epithelial cells move, they produce the tough, fibrous protein called melanocytes.
2. The dermis is attached to protein collagen.
3. The amount of melanin that is produced depends partly on your genes and partly on how much
ultraviolet light strikes your skin.
4. The more light you get, the more melanin your melanocytes produce.
Skin prevents _____ and _____ from entering the body.
1. other microorganisms, toes
2. bacteria, other microorganisms
3. other microorganisms, eyelashes
4. other microorganisms, died
Melanin prevents the light from _____ and _____ the dermis.
1. reaching, damaging
2. damaging, eyelashes
3. damaging, died
4. damaging, toes

The cells of each hair are _____ with keratin and no longer _____.
1. filled, alive
2. alive, died
3. alive, toes
4. alive, gland
By the time the epithelial cells reach the surface, they have _____ with keratin and _____.
1. died, toes
2. died, light ultraviolet strikes
3. died, leaves
4. filled, died
The keratin makes Fingernails and _____ _____ and _____.
1. hard tough Fingernails, tough, hard, toes
2. toenails, tough, hard, died
3. hard tough Fingernails, tough, hard, enters
4. hard tough Fingernails, toenails, tough, hard
___________ the ___________ in your bones while you 're ___________ will reduce your risk of
developing osteoporosis later in of life.
1. Maximizing, moveable, partly
2. Maximizing, calcium, young
3. Maximizing, moveable, moveable
4. Maximizing, fused, young
___________ of ___________ joints ___________ the joints between bones of the skull.
1. Examples, more, include
2. Examples, them, include
3. Examples, immovable, include
4. flexible, connect, Partly
A. The relatively soft cartilage gradually changes to hard bone through ossification.
B. Spongy bone lies above compact bone.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Different kinds of tissues in bones are periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, and bone
marrow.
B. Cartilage connect bones of the skeleton and hold them together.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Ankle sprains are a common type of sprain.
B. Bone marrow is a soft connective tissue inside pores and cavities in spongy bone.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Bone marrow makes WBC.
2. Bones they are made up of more than one kind of tissue.
3. Length of bones are stimulated to grow thicker when they are put under stress by cartilage.
4. The skeletal system stores calcium and helps maintain normal levels of calcium in the blood.
1. Bones can grow in width after late teens.
2. Spongy bone contains many tiny holes, or pores, which provide spaces for blood vessels and bone
marrow.
3. Compact bone lies below periosteum.
4. Compact bone gives ligaments their strength.
1. Ligaments connect bones of the skeleton and hold them together.
3. Bone marrow is a soft muscular tissue inside pores and cavities in spongy bone.
4. Bones take up and store magnesium when blood levels of magnesium are high.

1. Bone marrow makes WBC.
2. Bone marrow is a soft muscular tissue inside pores and cavities in spongy bone.
3. Spongy bone lies below compact bone.
1. Compact bone contains many tiny holes, or pores, which provide spaces for blood vessels and bone
marrow.
2. Bones release some of the stored calcium when blood levels of calcium are low.
3. Bones are made up of one kind of tissue.
4. Spongy bone lies below compact bone.
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become _____ and _____ because they do not contain
enough calcium.
1. weak, common
2. porous, weak
3. weak, cartilage
4. weak, joins
The skeletal system stores _____ and _____ maintain normal levels of _____ in the blood.
1. calcium, helps
2. helps, weak
3. helps, Pivot
4. helps, cartilage
Movable joints allow the greatest movement and are the most _____.
1. common, weak
2. common, Pivot
3. allow the greatest movement and are the most, common
4. common, cartilage
Ligaments connect bones of the skeleton and hold them together.
1. hold them together, weak
2. hold them together, Pivot

3. connect bones of the skeleton and, hold them together
4. hold them together, cartilage
Spongy bone contains many tiny holes, or pores, which provide spaces for _____ and _____.
1. bone marrow, immovable
2. blood vessels, bone marrow
3. bone marrow, weak
4. bone marrow, hands
A. When cardiac muscle contracts, the heart beats and pumps blood.
B. Contractions of cardiac muscle are voluntary.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Smooth muscle is n't striated because its muscle fibers are arranged in sheets rather than
bundles.
B. Muscles are the main organs of the muscular system.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Muscle contractions are responsible for ___________ all the movements of the body, both inside
and out.
1. Muscle contractions, endurance
2. Warmed-up, aerobic
3. Muscle contractions, virtually
4. Muscle contractions, allow
A. Tendons are tough connective tissues that anchor skeletal muscles to bones throughout the body.
B. Types of muscle tissue in the human body are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle tissues.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Each myofibril is made up of two types of proteins, called actin and myosin.
B. Contractions of smooth muscle are involuntary.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Contractions of skeletal muscle are involuntary.
2. Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones of the skeleton.
3. Each myofibril is made up of two types of proteins, called actin and myosin.
4. The myosin filaments to slide over the actin filaments and shorten a section of the myofibril.
1. Muscle contractions are responsible for virtually all the movements of the body, both inside and out.
2. Skeletal muscle fibers are not arranged in bundles.
3. The actin filaments use energy from ATP to pull on the myosin filaments.
4. Each myofibril is made up of two types of proteins, called actin and myosin.
1. When smooth muscles in the stomach contract, they squeeze out food from the stomach.
2. Skeletal muscle is striated like cardiac muscle because its muscle fibers are arranged in bundles.
3. The actin filaments to slide over the myosin filaments and shorten a section of the myofibril.
4. Skeletal muscle is instriated like cardiac muscle.
1. Cardiac muscle is found only in the walls of the heart.
2. The sliding-and-shortening process occurs all along many myofibrils and in many muscle fibers.
3. When smooth muscles in the stomach contract, they squeeze out food from the stomach.
4. Cardiac muscle are instriated.
1. Contractions of skeletal muscle are involuntary.
2. Contractions of smooth muscle are involuntary.
3. Skeletal muscle is instriated like cardiac muscle.

4. Types of muscle tissue in the human body are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle tissues.
Stretching improves the range of motion of _____ and _____ at joints.
1. tendons, endurance increase cardiac muscle
2. tendons, tendons
3. muscles, tendons
4. tendons, called actin
_____ and _____ are less likely to be injured.
1. Warmed-up muscles, tendons
2. tendons, called actin
3. tendons, endurance increase cardiac muscle
4. tendons, tendons
_____ and _____ proteins form thread-like filaments.
1. myosin, called actin
2. myosin, Warmed-up muscles
3. myosin, increases
4. Actin, myosin
When cardiac muscle _____, the _____ and _____ blood.
1. contracts, heart beats, pumps
2. contracts, pumps, exercise You are less likely to have a muscle injury if you exercise regularly and
have strong muscles.
3. contracts, pumps, cardiac smooth
4. heart beats, pumps, Warmed-up muscles
To move bones _____ and _____ at a joint, skeletal muscles must work in pairs.
1. forth, cardiac smooth
2. back, forth
3. forth, exercise You are less likely to have a muscle injury if you exercise regularly and have strong
muscles.
4. forth, Warmed-up muscles

Answers
1. 1 2. 3 3. 3 4. 2 5. 1 6. 1,3 7. 2,3,4 8. 2,4 9. 1,2 10. 3,4 11. 4 12. 2 13.
4 14. 3 15. 4 16. 2 17. 2 18. 2 19. 2 20. 1 21. 1,2 22. 1,4 23. 2,4 24.
1,2 25. 3,4 26. 2 27. 1 28. 1 29. 4 30. 4 31. 2 32. 3 33. 3 34. 3 35. 2 36.
2,4 37. 2,3 38. 1,2 39. 3,4 40. 2,4 41. 2 42. 1 43. 3 44. 3 45. 2 46. 3 47.
2 48. 3 49. 2 50. 2 51. 2,3 52. 1,4 53. 2,3 54. 1,2 55. 2,4 56. 3 57. 1 58.
4 59. 1 60. 2
---End of Test---
K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 17 MS Food and the Digestive System
A. The digestive system breaks down proteins in food to amino acids, which are used for protein
synthesis.
B. Good food sources of Chloride are table salt, most packaged foods.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A certain ___________ of stored fat is needed to cushion and protect ___________ organs and
insulate the body.
1. amount, levels
2. amount, uses
3. amount, added
4. amount, internal
A. Vitamins are inorganic compounds that the body needs in small amounts to function properly.
B. Potassium and magnesium helps in muscle and nerve functions.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. A type of lipid called trans fat is found in many processed foods.
B. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids can be used for energy.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
A. Trans fat may be found in such foods as cookies, doughnuts, crackers, fried foods, ground beef,
and margarine.
B. The energy in food is measured in a unit called the Calorie.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Fiber is a simple carbohydrate that consists mainly of cellulose and comes only from plants.
2. Trans fat may be found in such foods as cookies, doughnuts, crackers, carrot, fried foods, ground beef,
and margarine.
3. Starches are broken down by your digestive system to glucose, which is used for energy.
4. Sugars and starches are used by the body for energy.
1. Trans fat is added to foods to improve health.
2. Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that consists mainly of cellulose and comes only from plants.
3. Good sources of fats include fish, nuts, and seeds.
4. Starches are larger, complex carbohydrates.
1. Good sources of fats include fish, nuts, and seeds.
2. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fiber.
3. Minerals are chemical elements that come from living things or include the element carbon.
4. Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that consists mainly of cellulose and comes only from plants.
1. Water is needed by all cells just to stay alive.
2. Trans fat is added to foods to improve health.
3. Proteins, minerals, and vitamins help control body processes.
4. Water is essential to life because physical reactions within cells take place in water.
1. Fiber is a simple carbohydrate that consists mainly of cellulose and comes only from plants.
2. Symptoms of dehydration include dry mouth, headache, vomitting, and dizziness.

3. Glucose is taken up by cells for energy.
4. Starches are found in foods such as grains and vegetables.
A certain amount of stored fat is needed to cushion and _____ internal organs and insulate the
body.
1. protect, insulate the body, growth
2. protect, insulate the body, fish
3. cushion and, protect, insulate the body
4. protect, insulate the body, K. All
Micronutrients include _____ and _____.
1. minerals, vitamins
2. vitamins, vitamins B12
3. vitamins, teeth
4. vitamins, K. All
Trans fat is rare in nature but is _____ and _____ to foods to preserve freshness.
1. added, K. All
2. manufactured, added
3. added, milk
4. added, protect
Good sources of protein include _____, _____, and _____.
1. whole grains, beans, milk
2. whole grains, beans, teeth
3. vegetables, beans, K. All
4. whole grains, vegetables, beans
Lipids make up cell membranes, protect nerves, control blood pressure, and help blood clot.
1. protect nerves, control blood pressure, and, help blood clot, K. All
2. protect nerves, control blood pressure, and, help blood clot, fish
3. protect nerves, control blood pressure, and, help blood clot, growth
4. make up cell membranes,, protect nerves, control blood pressure, and, help blood clot

___________ activity ___________ the bones and muscles and may improve your mood.
1. Physical, improve
2. yogurt, Dairy
3. Physical, strengthens
4. Physical, milk
The serving size tells you ___________ much of the food you should eat to get the nutrients
___________ on the label.
1. how, milk
2. how, lists
3. how, listed
4. how, yogurt
A. The word `` riched '' is a clue that an ingredient has been processed.
B. Healthy foods must be labeled with their ingredients.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Ingredients are enriched with added nutrients to make it healthy.
B. High body weight is associated with many health problems, including high blood pressure and
diabetes.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A ___________ ___________ Body Mass Index, or BMI, is often used to diagnose obesity.
1. measure, obesity
2. measure, Index
3. measure, called
4. measure, diagnose
1. Fruits include oranges, strawberries, and bananas.

2. The serving size tells you how much of the food you should eat in a day.
3. Healthy foods must be labeled with their ingredients.
4. Grains include such as whole-grain bread, pasta, and cereal.
1. The word `` riched '' is a clue that an ingredient has been processed.
2. Ingredients are enriched with added nutrients to make it healthy.
3. Grains include such as whole-grain bread, pasta, and cereal.
4. Dairy include milk, yogurt, and cheese.
1. Protein include meat, fish, and beans Packaged foods must be labeled with their ingredients.
2. Ingredients are enriched with added nutrients to make it healthy.
4. Obesity is diagnosed in people who have a high percentage of body fat and muscles.
1. The main ingredient is the ingredient that is present in the food that is highest in percent daily value.
2. The word `` riched '' is a clue that an ingredient has been processed.
4. Reading the ingredients lists on food labels can help you choose the healthiest foods.
1. Foods such refined grains and fresh vegetables provide nutrients you need for good health.
2. A measure called Body Mass Index, or BMI, is often used to diagnose high weight.
Physical activity _____ the _____ and _____ and may improve your mood.
1. bones, strengthens, improve your mood, broccoli
2. bones, strengthens, improve your mood, diabetes
3. bones, muscles, improve your mood, cereal
4. bones, muscles, strengthens, improve your mood
Foods such whole grains and _____ provide nutrients you need for good health.
1. fresh vegetables, improve your mood
2. fresh vegetables, strawberries

3. fresh vegetables, diabetes
4. whole such Foods grains, fresh vegetables
Obesity is associated with many health problems, including high blood pressure and _____.
1. diabetes, carrots
2. diabetes, improve your mood
3. diabetes, muscles
4. blood high pressure, diabetes
Protein include _____, _____, and _____ Packaged foods must be labeled with their ingredients.
1. fish, beans, improve your mood
2. fish, beans, broccoli
3. meat, beans, diabetes
4. meat, fish, beans
Grains include such as _____, _____, and _____.
1. pasta, cereal, strawberries
2. pasta, cereal, improve your mood
3. pasta, cereal, diabetes
4. whole-grain bread, pasta, cereal
A. The sphincter contracts to let food pass into the stomach.
B. The intestine is a sac-like organ at the end of the esophagus.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The duodenum is the shortest part.
B. The gallblader secretes bile acids.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.

Broad teeth in the back of the mouth grind ___________ ___________ you ___________.
1. speed, reactions, contracts
2. food, when, chew
3. food, reactions, passing
4. food, reactions, enzymes
A. Amylase is produced in mouth which helps in digestion of protein.
B. Then a sphincter between the stomach and large intestine relaxes, allowing food to enter the
small intestine.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. From the pharynx, the food passes into the esophagus.
B. Then the sphincter contracts to prevent food from passing back into the esophagus.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. The inside surface of the jejunum is covered with tiny projections called ileum.
2. Food moves through the esophagus because of saliva.
3. Then the sphincter contracts to prevent food from passing back into the esophagus.
4. The stomach is a sac-like organ at the end of the esophagus.
1. The enzyme amylase in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starches to sugars.
2. The stomach stores the partly digested food until the large intestine is empty.
3. Then a sphincter between the stomach and large intestine relaxes, allowing food to enter the small
intestine.
4. The stomach is a sac-like organ at the end of the esophagus.
1. The enzyme amylase in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starches to sugars.

2. Saliva wets the food, which makes it easier to break up and swallow.
3. The gallblader secretes bile acids.
4. The sight, smell, or taste of food stimulates the release of saliva and digestive enzymes by salivary
glands inside the mouth.
1. The sphincter contracts to let food pass into the stomach.
2. Most chemical digestion and almost all nutrient absorption take place in the stomach.
3. From the pharynx, the food passes into the esophagus.
4. The stomach helps break the food into smaller pieces.
1. Gall bladder is sac-like organ stores and concentrates the liver bile before releasing it into the small
intestine.
2. From the esophagus, the food passes into the pharyngitis.
3. Your teeth help to mechanically digest food.
4. The esophagus is the first part of the small intestine.
Gall bladder is sac-like organ stores and _____ the liver bile before releasing it into the small
intestine.
1. concentrates, mix
2. concentrates, fiber
3. concentrates, digestive
4. organ sac-like stores, concentrates
The stomach has thick muscular walls that _____ and relax to squeeze and _____ food.
1. contract, relax to, mix, swallow
2. contract, relax to, mix, simple sugars
3. contract, relax to, mix, fiber
4. contract, relax to, squeeze and, mix
Water, salt, and _____ can be absorbed into the blood from the lining of the stomach.
1. simple sugars, concentrates
2. simple sugars, relax to
3. Water salt, simple sugars
4. simple sugars, fiber

Then a sphincter between the _____ and small intestine relaxes, allowing food to enter the small
intestine.
1. small small intestine, fiber
2. small small intestine, digestive
3. small small intestine, harmful Intestinal K. Intestinal bacteria
4. stomach, small small intestine
The stomach helps mix the food with _____ and _____ in the stomach.
1. other secretions, fiber
2. other secretions, digestive
3. enzymes, other secretions
4. other secretions, harmful Intestinal K. Intestinal bacteria
Answers
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2 5. 2 6. 3,4 7. 2,4 8. 2,4 9. 1,3 10. 3,4 11. 3 12. 1 13.
2 14. 4 15. 4 16. 3 17. 3 18. 1 19. 1 20. 3 21. 1,4 22. 3,4 23. 1,3 24.
3,4 25. 3,4 26. 4 27. 4 28. 4 29. 4 30. 4 31. 1 32. 3 33. 2 34. 1 35. 2 36.
3,4 37. 1,4 38. 1,2,4 39. 3,4 40. 1,3 41. 4 42. 4 43. 3 44. 4 45. 3
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 18 MS Cardiovascular System
A. Oxygen-rich blood flows from the heart to cells throughout the body.
B. When more blood flows to the surface of the body, it cools the surface.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Hormones, oxygen, nutrients from digested food, and cellular wastes are transported in the
blood.
B. Pulmonary circulation is the shorter loop of the cardiovascular system.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
In Systemic ___________, the ___________ blood returns to the heart.
1. circulation, surface
2. Blood, function
3. circulation, Warm
4. circulation, oxygen-poor
A. Systemic circulation carries blood between the heart and the lungs.
B. In Systemic circulation, the oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Systemic circulation is the longer loop of the cardiovascular system.
B. As oxygen-rich blood passes cells, the blood releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. The blood in the cardiovascular system is a liquid nerve tissue.
2. The organs that make up the cardiovascular system are the heart and a network of blood vessels that
run throughout the body.
3. The heart and blood vessels form a open closed system through which blood keeps circulating.
4. The heart and blood vessels form a closed system through which blood keeps circulating.
1. The main function of the cardiovascular system is transporting substances around the heart.
2. Blood is warm, so when more blood flows to the surface of the body, it warms the surface.
3. Hormones, oxygen, nutrients from digested food, and cellular wastes are transported in the blood
vessels.
4. Hormones, oxygen, nutrients from digested food, and cellular wastes are transported in the blood.
1. Pulmonary circulation carries blood between the heart and rest of the body Oxygen-poor blood flows
from the lungs to the heart.
3. Hormones, oxygen, nutrients from digested food, and cellular wastes are transported in the blood.
4. The heart is basically a pump that keeps blood moving through the blood vessels.
1. When more blood flows to the surface of the body, it cools the surface.
3. When less blood flows to the surface, it cools the surface.
4. In Pulmonary circulation, the oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart.
1. The cardiovascular system helps regulate body temperature by controlling where blood moves
around the body.
2. The heart and blood vessels form a open closed system through which blood keeps circulating.
3. The organs that make up the cardiovascular system are the heart and a network of blood vessels that
run throughout the body.
4. Oxygen-rich blood flows to the heart from cells throughout the body.
Pulmonary circulation carries blood between the _____ and _____.

1. lungs, heart
2. heart, lungs
3. lungs, rest
4. lungs, blood
When blood circulates through the body, it travels first pulmonary circulation loop and systemic
circulation loop, over and over again.
1. rest
2. heart
3. circulation systemic circulation pulmonary first loop
4. blood
Systemic circulation carries _____ between the heart and the _____ of the body.
1. blood, rest
2. rest, releases
3. rest, blood vessels
4. rest, absorbs
As oxygen-rich blood passes cells, the blood _____ oxygen and _____ carbon dioxide.
1. absorbs, systemic pulmonary circulation
2. absorbs, rest
3. releases, absorbs
4. absorbs, heart
The two blood circulation loops are called pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
1. systemic pulmonary circulation
2. heart
3. blood
4. rest
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are ___________ ___________ diseases.
1. cause, keep
2. called, cardiovascular
3. called, left

4. called, moving
Poor blood ___________ to the heart may cause chest ___________ or a heart attack.
1. flow, pain
2. backflow, keep
3. flow, keep
4. flow, Veins
A. The leading cause of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis.
B. Exchange of substances between cells and the blood takes place across the walls of capillaries,
which may be very thick.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. One path of blood in the heart is through the right atrium and left ventricle.
B. In Atherosclerosis, the plaque consists of cell debris, cholesterol, and microbes.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Capillaries connect the smallest arteries and veins.
B. The left ventricle pumps the blood out of the heart to the rest of the body.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Blood vessels are long, tube-like organs that consist mainly of muscle, soft, connective, and epithelial
tissues.
2. A valve at the bottom of the right atrium opens to let blood flow from the right atrium to the right
ventricle.
3. Flaps of tissue called valves separate the heart 's chambers.

4. The ventricles receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the heart, either to the lungs or to the
rest of the body.
1. The smallest veins are called arterioles.
2. Arteries have thick walls that can withstand the pressure of blood pumped to the heart.
3. The right ventricle pumps the blood out of the heart to the lungs.
4. One path of blood in the heart is through the left atrium and left ventricle.
1. Veins generally carry oxygen-rich blood.
2. The left atrium pumps the blood into the left ventricle.
3. The left atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the lungs.
4. Blood vessels are long, tube-like organs that consist mainly of muscle, connective, and epithelial
tissues.
1. The left atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the lungs.
tissues.
3. The left atrium pumps the oxygen-poor blood into the left ventricle.
4. A valve at the bottom of the right atrium opens to let blood flow from the right atrium to the right
ventricle.
1. Arteries generally carry oxygen-poor blood.
tissues.
3. Blood vessels branch to form a complex network of vessels that run throughout the body.
4. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood out of the heart to the lungs.
Blood vessels are long, _____ that consist mainly of muscle, connective, and _____.
1. tube-like organs, epithelial tissues
2. epithelial tissues, veins
3. epithelial tissues, family history
4. epithelial tissues, capillaries

Aorta branches to form _____ and _____ arteries throughout the body.
1. smaller
2. arteries
3. right
4. family history
The ventricles receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the heart, either _____ the lungs or
_____ the rest of the body.
1. receive blood from the atria and, to, capillaries
2. pump it out of the heart, either, to, family history
3. receive blood from the atria and, to, blood
4. receive blood from the atria and, pump it out of the heart, either, to
The bottom two chambers of the heart are called the _____ and _____ ventricles.
1. right, right
2. right, arteries
3. left, right
4. right, family history
Types of blood vessels are _____, _____, and _____.
1. arteries, veins, capillaries
2. arteries, capillaries, family history
3. veins, capillaries, smaller
4. veins, capillaries, epithelial tissues
The iron in hemoglobin gives ___________ blood ___________ their ___________ ___________.
1. red, consists, binds
2. red, consists, cause
3. red, cells, color
4. red, getting, color
A. Blood in veins carries carbon dioxide, oxygen and other wastes away from cells to be excreted.
B. White blood cells are smaller than red blood cells.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
___________ in arteries carries oxygen and ___________ to all the body 's cells.
1. Blood, excessive
2. get, golden-yellow
3. Blood, defends
4. Blood, nutrients
A. Hemoglobin carries oxygen.
B. White blood cells role is to defend the body in various ways.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
___________ ___________ a disease that occurs when there ___________ not enough hemoglobin in
the blood so it ca n't carry adequate oxygen to the cells.
1. Anemia, larger
2. Anemia, is
3. Anemia, tissue
4. adequate, connective
1. Red blood cells are fewer of white blood cells.
2. Blood in arteries carries oxygen and nutrients to all the body 's cells.
3. Red blood cells are shaped like flattened disks.
4. Two of the best known antigens are the AB and Rhesus antigens.
1. Red blood cells are shaped like flattened disks.
2. White blood cells role is to defend the body in various ways.
3. Red blood cells repairs body tissues.
4. The flattened disks cells get stuck in tiny capillaries and block blood flow.
1. Platelets release chemicals that are needed for clotting to occur.

3. Hemoglobin carries oxygen.
4. A phagocytes is a solid mass of cell fragments and other substances that plugs a leak in a damaged
blood vessel.
1. The flattened disks cells get stuck in tiny capillaries and block blood flow.
2. The iron in hemoglobin binds with oxygen molecules so they can be carried by red blood cells.
3. White blood cells role is to defend the body in various ways.
4. If your red blood cells lack the Rhesus antigen, you have Rhesus-positive blood.
1. Blood in arteries carries oxygen and nutrients to all the body 's cells.
2. Three types of blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
4. The oxygen in hemoglobin gives red blood cells their red color.
Blood consists of both _____ and _____.
1. cells, proteins
2. cells, other substances
3. liquid, cells
4. cells, block blood flow
Blood in arteries carries _____ and _____ to all the body 's cells.
1. oxygen, nutrients
2. nutrients, block blood flow
3. nutrients, glucose
4. nutrients, debris
Substances dissolved in plasma include _____, _____, _____, and _____.
1. glucose, proteins, gases, block blood flow
2. glucose, blood cells, gases, other
3. blood cells, proteins, gases, blood white blood red blood cells
4. glucose, blood cells, proteins, gases

Platelets stick to _____ in blood vessels and to each _____, helping to form a clot at the site of
injury.
1. other, glucose
2. other, debris
3. tears, other
4. other, block blood flow
Three types of blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and _____.
1. platelets, other substances
2. platelets, block blood flow
3. blood white blood red blood cells, platelets
4. platelets, glucose
Answers
1. 3 2. 2 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 6. 2,4 7. 2,4 8. 3,4 9. 3,4 10. 1,3 11. 2 12. 3 13.
1 14. 3 15. 1 16. 2 17. 1 18. 3 19. 1 20. 2 21. 2,3,4 22. 3,4 23. 2,4 24.
2,4 25. 2,3 26. 1 27. 1 28. 4 29. 3 30. 1 31. 3 32. 1 33. 4 34. 2 35. 2 36.
2,3 37. 1,2 38. 1,3 39. 2,3 40. 1,2 41. 3 42. 1 43. 4 44. 3 45. 3
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 19 MS Respiratory and Excretory Systems
A. The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system.
B. The main symptom of pneumonia is shortness of breath.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The cilia move and sweep the particles and mucus toward the throat so they can be expelled
from the body.
B. The bronchioles in the lungs are where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Air passes from the bronchi into smaller passages called bronchioles.
B. In the second stage of respiration, oxygen is delivered key organs of the body and carbon dioxide
is carried away from the cells.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Diaphragm is a large, sheet-like muscle below the lungs.
B. Respiratory system include the nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The carbon dioxide travels in capillaries to veins and then to the heart.
B. Respiration is the process in which cells obtain energy by `` burning '' glucose.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. The cilia move and sweep the particles and mucus toward the throat so they can be expelled from the
body.
2. Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of arteries.
3. The cells of the body have a lower concentration of oxygen that does blood in the arteries that supply
body cells.
4. Exhaling occurs when the diaphragm relaxes.
1. After the pharynx, air moves into the trachea, or wind pipe.
2. The heart pumps the blood to the lungs, where the carbon dioxide diffuses into the bronchioles.
3. The difference in air pressure between the lungs and outside air causes air to rush into the lungs.
4. Exhaling decreases the size of the chest, which increases air pressure inside the lungs.
1. The difference in Carbon dioxide concentration causes Carbon dioxide to diffuse from the air into the
blood.
2. The mucus traps any remaining particles in the air.
3. Asthma is a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so they can no longer
exchange gas.
4. The difference in air pressure between the lungs and outside air causes air to rush out of the lungs.
1. Respiration by the respiratory system supplies the oxygen needed for cellular respiration.
2. The difference in air pressure between the lungs and outside air causes air to rush out of the lungs.
3. Respiration removes the carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration.
4. Oxygen passes from the bronchi into smaller passages called bronchioles.
1. When you inhale, air enters the respiratory system through your nose and ends up in your lungs,
where gas exchange with the blood takes place.
2. Air passes through the pharynx, a passageway that is shared with the digestive system.
3. In the nose, mucus and cilia trap any dust or other particles in the air.
4. Asthma is a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so they can no longer
exchange gas.

Symptoms of pneumonia typically include coughing, _____, _____, and _____.
1. chest pain, difficulty breathing, fatigue
2. difficulty breathing, fatigue, sweep
3. difficulty breathing, fatigue, uses
4. difficulty breathing, fatigue, lung cancer
In the nose, _____ and _____ trap any dust or other particles in the air.
1. mucus, hairs
2. hairs, particles
3. hairs, lung cancer
4. hairs, uses
The cilia move and _____ the _____ and _____ toward the throat so they can be expelled from the
body.
1. move and, sweep, mucus, lung cancer
2. sweep, particles, mucus, diffuses
3. move and, sweep, particles, mucus
4. move and, sweep, mucus, uses
When you inhale, air _____ the respiratory system through your nose and _____ up in your lungs,
where gas exchange with the blood takes place.
1. ends, particles
2. enters, ends
3. ends, uses
4. ends, lung cancer
The difference in air pressure between the _____ and _____ causes air to rush out of the _____.
1. outside air, lung cancer
2. outside air, produces
3. lungs, outside air
4. outside air, particles
A. The second sphincter and the process of urination are normally under conscious control.
B. The tubule of the nephron collects these substances.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Each kidney contains more than a million nephrons.
B. If a kidney stone blocks a ureter, it must be removed so urine can leave the kidney and be
excreted.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
___________ the bladder is about half ___________, a ___________ relaxes to let urine flow out of
the bladder and into the urethra.
1. When, include, Diseases
2. When, full, sphincter
3. When, threaten, sphincter
4. When, include, threaten
If a kidney stone blocks a ureter, it must be ___________ ___________ urine can leave the kidney
and be excreted.
1. removed, so
2. help, function
3. removed, help
4. removed, function
A. Sweat glands in the skin excrete excess water and salts in sweat.
B. If a kidney stone blocks a ureter, it must be removed so urine can leave the kidney and be
excreted.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.

1. The urinary system includes two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
2. The kidneys and liver help the body maintain homeostasis.
3. The urinary bladder is a muscular tube that carries urine out of the body through another sphincter.
4. Sweat glands in the skin excrete excess water and salts in sweat.
1. The liver removes excess amino acids and toxins from the blood.
2. Excess water and wastes are filtered out of the blood.
3. From the kidneys, urine enters the urinary bladder.
4. After passing through capillaries and being filtered, the clean blood leaves the kidney through
arteries.
1. The large intestine eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place.
2. Besides the kidneys, other organs of excretion include the smal intestine, large intestine, liver, skin
and lungs.
3. The amount of water lost in urine is controlled by the kidneys.
4. When the bladder is full, a sphincter relaxes to let urine flow out of the bladder and into the urethra.
1. The kidneys and liver help the body maintain homeostasis.
2. The large intestine eliminates food wastes that remain after digestion takes place.
3. The amount of water lost in urine is controlled by the urinary bladder.
4. Sweat glands in the skin excrete excess water and salts in sweat.
1. The kidneys produce a hormone that produce red blood cells when more are needed.
2. Excess water and wastes are filtered out of the blood.
3. After passing through capillaries and being filtered, the clean blood leaves the kidney through a vein.
4. The part of each nephron called the glomerulus is where blood in the capillaries is filtered.
The kidneys control the amount of water and _____ substances in the blood by excreting more or
less of them in urine.
1. control the amount of water and, dissolved
2. dissolved, filtered
3. dissolved, urethra
4. dissolved, excreted

A single kidney can do all the work of _____ the blood and _____ homeostasis.
1. maintaining, filtered
2. filtering, maintaining
3. maintaining, excreted
4. maintaining, urethra
When the bladder is about half full, a sphincter relaxes to let urine flow out of the bladder and
_____ the urethra.
1. into, urethra
2. into, excreted
3. into, filtered
4. let urine flow out of the bladder and, into
Sweat glands in the skin excrete _____ and _____ in sweat.
1. salts, regulates
2. salts, waste filter products
3. salts, excreted
4. excess water, salts
The urinary system includes two _____, two _____, the _____, and the _____.
1. kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, keeps
2. kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
3. ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, let urine flow out of the bladder and
4. kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, excreted
Answers
1. 3 2. 3 3. 3 4. 2 5. 3 6. 1,4 7. 3,4 8. 2,4 9. 1,2,3 10. 1,2 11. 1 12. 1 13.
3 14. 2 15. 3 16. 2 17. 2 18. 2 19. 1 20. 2 21. 1,4 22. 1,2 23. 1,3 24.
2,4 25. 2,3,4 26. 1 27. 2 28. 4 29. 4 30. 2
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 20 MS Controlling the Body
A. A neuron has cell body, dendrites, and axon.
B. The somatic part of the motor division controls voluntary responses.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Epilepsy is a disease in which seizures occur.
B. The brain consists of three major parts, called the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hypothalamus.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Interneurons carry nerve impulses back and forth between sensory and motor neurons.
B. Spinal cord injuries may cause concussion.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected to each other by a thick ___________ of
___________ deep within the brain.
1. bundle, axons
2. bundle, similar
3. similar, bruise
4. bundle, language
A. A tiny gap between the two dendrites, called the synapse.
B. The main job of the spinal cord is to carry nerve impulses back and forth between the body and
peripheral nervous system.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. The messages carried by neurons are called nerve impulses.
2. When a nerve impulse arrives at the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released.
3. The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system carries messages from the central nervous
system to muscles, internal organs, and glands throughout the body.
4. Each hemisphere of cerebellum is further divided into four lobes.
1. Each hemisphere of cerebellum is further divided into four lobes.
2. The cerebellum cerebrum is the next largest part of the brain.
3. A nerve impulse can travel very quickly because it is an electrical signal.
4. The axon passes on the nerve impulses to other cells.
1. The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are identical.
2. Sensory neurons transmit nerve impulses from sense organs and internal organs to the brain via the
spinal cord.
3. A tiny gap between the two neurons, called the synapse.
4. Medulla controls voluntary body functions.
1. The nervous system has two main parts, called the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous
system.
2. The main job of the spinal cord is to carry nerve impulses back and forth between the body and
peripheral nervous system.
3. Chemicals called neurotransmitters carry the message across synapse.
4. The autonomic part of the sensory division controls involuntary responses.
1. The neurotransmitters bind to the membrane of the dendrite, triggering a nerve impulse in the next
neuron.
2. Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other cells.
3. The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are identical.
4. Interneurons carry nerve impulses from sensory and motor neurons.
A neuron has _____, _____, and _____.

1. cell body, axon, internal
2. cell body, axon, muscles
3. cell body, dendrites, axon
4. cell body, axon, death
The central nervous system includes the _____ and _____.
1. spinal cord, death
2. brain, spinal cord
3. spinal cord, internal organs
4. spinal cord, internal sense organs
Types of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and _____.
1. interneurons, death
2. interneurons, glands
3. motor sensory neurons, interneurons
4. interneurons, internal
The nervous system has two main parts, called the central nervous system and the peripheral
nervous system.
1. death
2. internal sense organs
3. caffeine
4. nervous peripheral nervous central nervous system
Abuse of such drugs may lead to _____, _____, and _____.
1. drug addiction, death, memory
2. drug addiction, death, meningitis
3. drug addiction, death, illegal legal other Psychoactive drugs
4. drug addiction, overdose, death
The retina ___________ of special light-sensing cells called ___________ and cones.
1. consists, rods
2. consists, When
3. consists, balance

4. send, what
A. The brain uses the different images from the two eyes to determine the distance to the object.
B. The pupil, which looks black, is surrounded by the colored part of the eye, called the cornea.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The lens is a clear, curved structure, like the lens of a magnifying glass.
B. Rods and cones carries the nerve impulses to the brain.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Taste neurons sense chemicals in food.
B. The cerebellum uses the information to maintain balance.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Semicircular canals are the curved structures above the cochlea in the inner ear.
B. Both eyes focus on the same object at the same time but from slightly different angles.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Nerve impulses from eye ball travel to the optic nerve.
2. The brain uses the different images from the two eyes to determine the distance to the object.
3. Light from an object passes first through the cornea.
4. The retina consists of special light-sensing cells called lens and cones.

1. The brain uses the different images from the two eyes to determine the distance to the object.
2. The retina consists of special light-sensing cells called lens and cones.
3. The back of the eye is covered by a thin layer called the retina.
4. Human beings and other mammals have the ability to see in color.
1. Pupil is a clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye.
3. Rods sense bright light.
4. We see most objects because they reflect light from another source such as the sun.
1. Hyperopia.
3. Cornea is a clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye.
4. Along with the iris, the lens focuses the light on the back of the eye.
1. We have special cells inside our eyes that can split different wavelengths of visible light.
2. Pupil is a clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye.
3. The exact wavelength of visible light determines its color.
4. Visible light is light in the range of wavelengths that the human eye can sense.
_____ and _____ carries the nerve impulses to the brain.
1. Rods, cones
2. cones, umami
3. cones, liquid moves
4. cones, joints
_____ and _____ normally see the world around them in three dimensions.
1. other primates, liquid moves
2. Human beings, other primates
3. other primates, contain liquid and are
4. other primates, umami
_____ and _____ have the ability to see in color.

1. Human beings, other primates
2. other primates, liquid moves
3. other primates, contain liquid and are
4. other primates, umami
Like the cochlea, the semicircular canals contain liquid and are _____ with tiny hair cells.
1. contain liquid and are, lined
2. lined, umami
3. lined, joints
4. lined, hair cells
The retina consists of special light-sensing cells called _____ and _____.
1. cones, contain liquid and are
2. rods, cones
3. cones, liquid moves
4. cones, umami
A. The gonads are glands that secrete sex hormones.
B. Rapid growth and unusual tallness by adulthood is called gigantism.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The hypothalamus hormones tell the pituitary to either secrete or stop secreting its hormones.
B. Due to Type 1 diabetes, not enough thyroxin is secreted to maintain normal levels of glucose in
the blood.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Rapid growth and unusual ___________ by adulthood is ___________ gigantism.
1. tallness, Thyroid-stimulating
2. tallness, inner

3. tallness, called
4. develop, layer
A. Luteinizing hormone stimulates the ovaries to release eggs.
B. Most pituitary hormones control other endocrine glands.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Sex hormones control the production of sperm or eggs by the gonads.
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the cortex of the adrenal glands to secrete their
hormones.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Thyroxin stimulates the liver to take up and store excess glucose.
2. Thyroxin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood.
3. The hypothalamus produces hormones that directly regulate body processes.
4. Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the ovaries to develop mature eggs and testes to produce
sperm.
1. Each endocrine hormone affects only all cells.
2. Most endocrine hormones are controlled by postive feedback loops.
3. The pea-sized pituitary gland is just below the hypothalamus and attached directly to it.
4. The thyroid gland is a relatively large gland in the neck.
1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the cortex of the adrenal glands to secrete their hormones.
2. The endocrine glands are the same in males and females except for the ovaries and testes.
3. Because endocrine hormones are released into the connective tissue, they travel to cells everywhere
in the body.
4. The hypothalamus is actually part of the brain and secretes hormones.

1. Thyroxin increases the rate of metabolism in cells throughout the body.
2. Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland include insulin.
3. Prolactin hormone stimulates the ovaries to release eggs.
4. Hypothalamus produces antid iuretic hormone.
1. Most endocrine hormones are controlled by postive feedback loops.
2. The pea-sized pituitary gland is just below the hypothalamus and attached directly to it.
3. The pituitary gland is called the `` master gland '' of the endocrine system.
4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete its hormones.
Insulin stimulates the liver to take up and _____ excess glucose.
1. take up and, store
2. store, stimulates
3. store, part
4. store, unusual tallness
Each adrenal gland has a _____ and _____ that secrete different hormones.
1. cortex, medulla
2. medulla, stimulates
3. medulla, unusual tallness
4. medulla, part
Adrenaline increases the amount of _____ and _____ going to the muscles.
1. glucose, unusual tallness
2. glucose, stimulates
3. glucose, part
4. oxygen, glucose
Endocrine hormones must travel through the bloodstream to the cells they control, and this _____
time.
1. travel through the bloodstream to the cells they control, and this, takes
2. takes, unusual tallness
3. takes, attached

4. takes, nervous
Growth hormone stimulates body cells to make proteins and _____.
1. make proteins and, grow
2. grow, unusual tallness
3. grow, stimulates
4. grow, part
Answers
1. 2 2. 3 3. 3 4. 1 5. 1 6. 1,2 7. 3,4 8. 2,3 9. 1,3 10. 1,2 11. 3 12. 2 13.
3 14. 4 15. 4 16. 1 17. 3 18. 2 19. 2 20. 2 21. 2,3 22. 1,3 23. 2,4 24.
2,3 25. 3,4 26. 1 27. 2 28. 1 29. 1 30. 2 31. 2 32. 3 33. 3 34. 2 35. 2 36.
3,4 37. 3,4 38. 1,2,4 39. 1,4 40. 2,3 41. 1 42. 1 43. 4 44. 1 45. 1
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 22 MS Reproductive Systems and Life Stages
A. Estrogen causes the reproductive organs to mature.
B. The daughter cells then start to divide by mitosis.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. If fertilization does n't occur, the egg passes through the uterus and vagina and out of the body.
B. Estrogen causes the breasts to grow and the hips to widen.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The walls of the uterus stretch to accommodate the growing fetus.
B. Progesterone causes the reproductive organs to mature.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
The larger cell of two daughter cells is the ___________ ___________, which will develop into a
___________ human being.
1. fertilized, cylinder-shaped, oval
2. fertilized, egg, new
3. fertilized, cylinder-shaped, cylinder-shaped
4. fertilized, cylinder-shaped, organs
A. Functions of the female reproductive system are producing gametes and secreting a major sex
hormone.
B. The daughter cells go though only the first of the two cell divisions of mitosis at this time.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. The daughter cells go though only the first of the two cell divisions of mitosis at this time.
2. In the case of females, the gametes are eggs, and they are produced by the ovaries.
3. Estrogen causes the reproductive organs to mature.
4. Progesterone causes the breasts to grow and the hips to widen.
1. The hormone is estrogen, which is the main sex hormone in females.
2. During birth, a baby passes from the ovaries through the vagina to leave the body.
3. The eggs do not develop fully until a female has gone through puberty.
4. During adolescence, estrogen causes the changes of puberty.
1. Estrogen causes the reproductive organs to mature.
2. Each ovary contains thousands of eggs.
3. The uterus secrete estrogen.
4. During birth, a baby passes from the ovaries through the vagina to leave the body.
1. The female reproductive system supports a baby as it develops before birth and gives birth to the
baby at the end of pregnancy.
2. The muscles in the fallopian tube walls contract to push the baby out during birth.
4. Before birth, special cells in the ovaries go through meiosis to make identical daughter cells.
1. The two fallopian tubes are thin tubes that are connected to the uterus and extend almost to the
ovaries.
2. If an egg is fertilized, this occurs in the uterus.
4. The daughter cells go though only the first of the two cell divisions of mitosis at this time.
The _____ and _____ grow larger and go through other changes.
1. follicle, grow larger and, go through other changes, producing
2. follicle, grow larger and, go through other changes, passes

3. follicle, egg, grow larger and, go through other changes
4. follicle, egg, go through other changes, connected
The egg _____ a tail and _____ a lot of cytoplasm.
1. contains, passes
2. contains, producing
3. lacks, contains
4. contains, extend almost to the ovaries
The _____ out of the follicle and _____ the wall of the ovary.
1. through, extend almost to the ovaries
2. through, producing
3. egg bursts, through
4. through, passes
If fertilization does n't occur, the egg _____ through the _____ and _____ and out of the body.
1. passes, vagina, swim up through the cervix, into the uterus, and from there into a fallopian tube
2. passes, vagina, disappears
3. uterus, vagina, producing
4. passes, uterus, vagina
Estrogen causes the _____ to grow and the _____ to widen.
1. hips, producing
2. hips, lacks
3. hips, passes
4. breasts, hips
A. Girls and boys of the same age are similar in height during childhood.
B. During embryonic stage specialized cells and tissues develops.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.

A. During this time, the embryo grows in size and becomes more complex.
B. The amniotic fluid continues to develop and grow to meet the needs of the growing fetus.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The maternal and fetal vessels are close together but separated by tiny spaces.
B. In girls, phytoestrogen causes various changes in the body.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Boys grow more quickly that girls do, and their period of rapid growth lasts longer.
B. Birth typically occurs at about 38 weeks after fertilization, so the fetal period generally lasts
about 30 weeks.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The inner layer of blastocyst is called the embryoblast.
B. Between Week 27 to Week 38, fetal 's body fats increases rapidly, bones complete their
development.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. During embryonic stage specialized cells and tissues develops.
2. Between Week 9 to Week 15, fetal 's reproductive organs form, Tooth buds appear, Eyelids form,
Brain activity can be detected.
3. Labor involves contractions of the muscular walls of the ovaries.
4. Between Week 9 to Week 15, fetal 's eyebrows, eyelashes and nails appear and muscles develop.

1. Between Week 9 to Week 15, fetal 's brain develops rapidly, Alveoli forms in the lungs, Internal parts
of eyes and ears form.
2. During embryonic stage specialized cells and tissues develops.
3. Between Week 16 to Week 26, fetal 's body fats increases rapidly, bones complete their development.
4. During this time, the embryo grows in size and becomes more complex.
1. The amniotic fluid forms from the trophoblast layer of cells in the blastocyst and from maternal cells
in the uterus.
2. Umbilical cord is a long tube that contains a artery and a vein.
4. Between Week 16 to Week 26, fetal 's eyebrows, eyelashes and nails appear and muscles develop.
1. Labor involves contractions of the muscular walls of the ovaries.
2. The placenta is a temporary organ that starts to form shortly after implantation.
3. By Week 4, embryo 's Liver, pancreas, and gall bladder start to form.
4. Between Week 9 to Week 15, fetal 's brain develops rapidly, Alveoli forms in the lungs, Internal parts
of eyes and ears form.
2. By Week 8, embryo 's Face begin to look human and external ears start to form.
3. By Week 5, embryo 's Hair follicle start to form, elbows and toes are visible.
4. The exchange of these substances between the mother and fetus occurs through the placenta.
Between _____ and _____ years of age, a child is called a toddler.
1. 3, weight
2. 1, 3
3. 3, continues
4. 3, cancer
Late adulthood _____ in the mid-60s and _____ until death.

1. continues, cancer
2. continues, mother
3. continues, penis
4. begins, continues
The placenta forms from the _____ of cells in the blastocyst and from _____ in the uterus.
1. trophoblast layer, maternal cells
2. maternal cells, 3
3. maternal cells, cancer
4. maternal cells, weight
The exchange of these substances between the _____ and _____ occurs through the placenta.
1. fetus, penis
2. mother, fetus
3. fetus, cancer
4. fetus, trophoblast layer
A fully developed placenta is made up of a large mass of blood vessels from both _____ and _____.
1. mother, fetus
2. fetus, cancer
3. fetus, mother
4. fetus, penis
A. Genital warts is one of the most common STIs in U.S. teens.
B. Cancer may develop in the ovaries.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Many STIs spread through body fluids such as blood.
B. The blisters generally go away on their own, but they may return repeatedly throughout life.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Viral STIs ca n't be cured with antibiotics.
B. The virus causes painful blisters on the penis or near the vaginal opening.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. It 's important to prevent HPV infections because they may lead to cancer later in life.
B. If syphilis is n't treated, it can eventually damage the heart, brain, and other organs and even
cause death.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Chlamydia is the most ___________ bacterial ___________ in the U.S. Females are ___________
likely to develop it than males.
1. common, STI, more
2. common, cyst, more
3. common, infections, more
4. common, cancers, more
1. Males are more likely to develop Chlamydia than females.
2. Viral STIs ca n't be cured with antibiotics.
3. Cancer of the ovaries occurs when cells in the testes grow out of control and form a tumor.
4. Symptoms of Chlamydia may include burning during urination and a discharge from the vagina or
penis.
1. Three bacterial STIs are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
2. The blisters generally go away on their own, but they may return repeatedly throughout life.
3. Symptoms of Syphilis may include painful urination and a discharge from the vagina or penis.
4. Symptoms of Gonorrhea may include burning during urination and a discharge from the vagina or

penis.
1. The virus causes painful blisters on the penis or near the vaginal opening.
2. Chlamydia usually begins with a small sore on the genitals.
3. HIV destroys lymphocytes that normally fight infections.
4. If Chlamydia is n't treated, it can eventually damage the heart, brain, and other organs and even
cause death.
1. Cancer of the ovaries occurs when cells in the testes grow out of control and form a tumor.
2. AIDS develops if the number of lymphocytes drops to a very high level.
3. Three bacterial STIs are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
4. Syphilis usually begins with a small sore on the genitals.
1. Syphilis usually begins with a small sore on the genitals.
2. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in the U.S. Females are more likely to develop it than
males.
3. Genital warts canby antibiotics.
4. Genital herpes is a common STI caused by a herpes bacteria.
Injuries to the testes are likely to be very _____ and cause _____ and _____.
1. painful, cause, swelling, grow out of control and
2. cause, bruising, swelling, chlamydia
3. painful, cause, bruising, swelling
4. painful, cause, swelling, lead to an inability to have children
Symptoms of Vaginitis include _____ and _____ of the vagina.
1. itching, grow out of control and
2. itching, of
3. itching, cause
4. redness, itching
If syphilis is n't treated, it can eventually damage the _____, _____, and _____ and even cause
death.
1. heart, brain, damage the heart, brain, and other organs and even, cause death, discharge

2. heart, brain, other organs, cause death, grow out of control and
3. heart, brain, other organs, damage the heart, brain, and other organs and even, cause death
4. heart, brain, other organs, cause death, lead to an inability to have children
Cancer _____ the testes occurs when cells in the testes grow out _____ control and form a tumor.
1. form a tumor, chlamydia
2. form a tumor, form a tumor
3. form a tumor, damage reproductive organs and
4. of, form a tumor
Three viral STIs are _____, _____, and _____.
1. genital herpes, AIDS, grow out of control and
2. genital warts, AIDS, urination
3. genital herpes, AIDS, painful urination
4. genital warts, genital herpes, AIDS
Answers
1. 3 2. 2 3. 3 4. 2 5. 3 6. 2,3 7. 1,3,4 8. 1,2 9. 1,3 10. 1,3 11. 3 12. 3 13.
3 14. 4 15. 4 16. 2 17. 3 18. 3 19. 2 20. 2 21. 1,2 22. 2,4 23. 3,4 24.
2,3 25. 2,4 26. 2 27. 4 28. 1 29. 2 30. 1 31. 3 32. 2 33. 2 34. 2 35. 1 36.
2,4 37. 1,2 38. 1,3 39. 3,4 40. 1,2 41. 3 42. 4 43. 3 44. 4 45. 4
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 23 MS Introduction to Ecology
A. Biomes may be terrestrial or aquatic.
B. Ecologists study organisms and environments at several different levels, from the individual to
the biosphere.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A biome is a ___________ of ___________ ecosystems with the same general abiotic ___________
and primary producers.
1. group, matter Energy, factors
2. group, similar, factors
3. group, have, factors
4. group, different, different
A. A biome is a group of similar ecosystems with the same general abiotic factors and primary
producers.
B. Energy and matter must be obtained from the environment.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Members of the same community generally interact with each other.
B. Abiotic factorinclude factors such as sunlight, minerals in soil, humus, temperature, and
moisture.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Populations in a community generally interact with each other.
B. Biotic factors are all of the living or once-living aspects of the environment.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. A community is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.
2. The biome is the highest level of organization in ecology.
3. Biotic factors include all the organisms that live there as well as the remains of dead organisms.
4. Members of the same population generally interact with each other.
1. Organisms depend on their environment to meet their needs, so they are greatly influenced by it.
2. A populations is made up of all the community of all the species that live in the same area.
3. Abiotic factors are all of the aspects of the environment that have never been alive.
4. A community is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.
3. Ecologists study organisms and environments at several different levels, from the individual to the
biosphere.
4. Biotic factors are all of the living aspects of the environment.
2. Energy and matter must be obtained from the other organisms.
4. An individual is an organism, or single living thing.
1. Ecologists study organisms and environments at several different levels, from the individual to the
biosphere.
2. Energy and matter must be obtained from the environment.
3. Energy and matter must be obtained from the other organisms.
4. Abiotic factors are all of the aspects of the environment that do not have life.
Ecologists _____ and _____ at several different levels, from the individual to the biosphere.

1. environments, aquatic
2. environments, matter
3. study organisms, environments
4. environments, community
Despite great diversity, all organisms need energy and have matter.
1. have matter, community
2. have matter, aquatic
3. need energy and, have matter
4. have matter, remains
A biome is a group of similar ecosystems with the same general abiotic factors and _____.
1. primary producers, aquatic
2. primary producers, biotic
3. abiotic general same factors, primary producers
4. primary producers, matter
Biotic factors include all the organisms that live there as well as the _____ of _____.
1. remains, aquatic
2. remains, matter
3. dead organisms, remains
4. remains, community
The biosphere consists of all the world 's biomes, both _____ and _____.
1. aquatic, biotic
2. aquatic, matter
3. terrestrial, aquatic
4. aquatic, primary producers
A. In many of the poorest countries, they have high population growth rates because low death
rates are not matched by equally low birth rates.
B. With exponential growth, the population starts out growing slowly, and then the rate of growth
increases-but only to a point.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Another sign of a species ' state of health is the density of its populations.
B. Death rates fall due to Better farming techniques and machines increased the food supply and
the distribution of food.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Community size influences the chances of a species surviving or going extinct.
B. A population is a ecosystem of the same species that live in the same area.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Just as they did in Europe and North America, death rates have fallen throughout the world.
B. Death rates fall due to new scientific knowledge of the causes of disease.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. How individuals in a population are distributed, or spread throughout their area, is called
population density.
B. Population size is the number of individuals in a community.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. If a species ' populations become very small, the species may be at risk of going extinct.
2. Carrying capacity is the largest population density that can be supported in an area without harming
the environment.

3. The population is the unit of natural selection, habitat, adaptation, and microevolution.
4. Whether its populations are growing or shrinking in size may be another indicator of a species '
health.
1. A negative growth rate means that the population is increasing in size because more people are being
added than lost.
2. Exponential growth generally occurs only when a population is living under ideal conditions.
3. Community size influences the chances of a species surviving or going extinct.
4. How individuals in a population are distributed, or spread throughout their area, is called population
distribution.
1. The rate of growth of a population may be positive or negative.
2. Exponential growth generally occurs only when a population is living under ideal conditions.
3. Population size is the number of individuals in a community.
density.
1. Individuals may be added to a population through births and the migration of individuals into the
population.
2. With exponential growth, the rate of growth tapers off as the population size approaches its carrying
capacity.
3. During exponential growth, the larger the population becomes, the more quickly it grows.
4. As population size increases, the exponential growth rate increases slowly.
density.
2. The population growth rate is how quickly a population changes in size over time.
3. Individuals may be added to a population through births and the migration of individuals into the
population.
4. Community size influences the chances of a species surviving or going extinct.
Death rates fall due to Better farming _____ and _____ increased the _____ and the _____ of food.
1. techniques, machines, food supply, distribution

2. techniques, machines, distribution, natural selection
3. techniques, machines, distribution, microevolution
4. machines, food supply, distribution, North
The changes in _____ and _____ rates _____ the rate of population growth and are _____ to as the
demographic transition.
1. death, birth, affected, referred
2. death, birth, referred, natural selection
3. death, birth, referred, North
4. death, affected, referred, microevolution
The population is the unit of _____, _____, and _____.
1. adaptation, microevolution, deaths
2. natural selection, adaptation, microevolution
3. natural selection, microevolution, births
4. natural selection, microevolution, North
Age-_____ structure refers to the numbers of individuals of each _____ and _____ in the
population.
1. sex, age
2. age, microevolution
3. age, North
4. age, natural selection
Individuals may be added to a population through _____ and the _____ of individuals into the
population.
1. migration, death
2. migration, microevolution
3. births, migration
4. migration, North
A. The species that is consumed is called the prey.
B. When the population size of a keystone species changes, the populations of many other species
are affected.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is not
affected.
B. Predator adaptations help them avoid prey.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. When the population size of a keystone species changes, the community of many other species
are affected.
B. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is not
affected.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Types of community interactions include predation, competition, and symbiosis.
B. Populations interactions are important factors in natural selection.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. In Parasitism, the species that is harmed is called the host.
B. A community consists of the populations of all the species that live in the same or different area.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. As the prey population increases, there is less food for the predators.

2. In Competition relationshop, the resources might be food, water, or space.
3. Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits.
4. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit or loose.
1. Intraspecific competition leads to natural selection within the species, so the species becomes better
adapted to its environment.
2. In Competition relationshop, the resources might be food, water, or space.
3. Competition is a relationship between organisms that depend on the same resources and both
benefits.
4. Competition within a species is called interspecific competition.
1. Mostly competition can occur between organisms of the same species.
2. Competition within a species is called intraspecific competition.
3. Competition between different species is called interspecific competition.
4. As the number of predators increases, less prey are captured.
1. Interspecific competition leads to natural selection within the species, so the species becomes better
adapted to its environment.
2. Interspecific competition might lead to one or both species evolving specialized adaptations.
3. As the prey population increases, there is more food for the predators.
4. As the prey population increases, there is less food for the predators.
1. Intraspecific competition might lead to one or both species evolving specialized adaptations.
2. When the population size of a keystone species changes, the populations of many other species are
affected.
3. Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at smaller species benefits.
4. The three types of symbiosis are mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism.
Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species _____ and the _____ is harmed.
1. benefits, other species
2. other species, cattle
3. other species, symbiosis
4. other species, nutrients

Both _____ and _____ have adaptations to predation that evolve through natural selection.
1. prey, cattle
2. prey, nutrients
3. prey, symbiosis
4. predators, prey
The hookworms obtain _____ and _____ from their host, which is harmed by the loss of _____ and
_____.
1. nutrients, blood, commensalism
2. shelter, blood, predator
3. nutrients, shelter, blood
4. nutrients, blood, cattle
A common adaptation in both _____ and _____ is camouflage.
1. prey species, symbiosis
2. prey species, cattle
3. predator, prey species
4. prey species, nutrients
Types of community interactions include _____, _____, and _____.
1. predation, competition, symbiosis
2. predation, symbiosis, nutrients
3. predation, symbiosis, cattle
4. predation, symbiosis, parasitism
A given ___________ may ___________ many ___________ species.
1. habitat, same, different
2. habitat, abiotic, different
3. habitat, consists, different
4. habitat, contain, different
A. Each species in the same habitat must have a different niche.
B. Two different species can not occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Habitat are units of nature.
B. Each ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and all the ways in which
the habitat interact.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Species are units of nature.
B. Ecosystems are units of nature.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Each species in the same habitat must have a same niche.
B. Species are units of nature.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Each ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and all the ways in which the
habitat interact.
2. Most ecosystems get energy from chemical compounds.
3. Ecosystems are units of nature.
4. Unlike energy, matter does n't need to be constantly added to ecosystems.
1. Species are units of nature.
2. Matter is recycled through ecosystems.

factors interact.
1. Ecosystems need a constant input of energy to supply the needs of their habitat.
2. Each species in the same habitat must have a same niche.
3. Matter is recycled through ecosystems.
4. Habitat is the physical environment in which a species lives and to which it has adapted.
3. Most ecosystems get energy from sunlight.
4. A few ecosystems get energy from chemical compounds.
habitat interact.
2. A major aspect of any niche is how the species obtains energy and matter.
3. Matter and energy is recycled through ecosystems.
Each ecosystem consists of all the _____ and a_____ factors in an area and all the _____ in which
the factors interact.
1. biotic, ways, species
2. biotic, abiotic factors, ways
3. biotic, ways, rainfall
4. abiotic factors, ways, temperature
A major aspect of any niche is how the species obtains _____ and _____.
1. matter, rainfall
2. energy, matter
3. matter, species
4. matter, temperature
Both the _____ and the _____ contain a community of species that interact with each _____ and
with _____.

1. forest, log, other, abiotic factors
2. forest, other, abiotic factors, rainfall
3. forest, log, abiotic factors, temperature
4. log, other, abiotic factors, species
Features of a habitat depend mainly on abiotic factors, such as _____ and _____.
1. rainfall, energy
2. temperature, rainfall
3. rainfall, species
4. rainfall, adapted
Habitat is the physical environment in which a _____ lives and to which it has _____.
1. adapted, temperature
2. adapted, energy
3. species, adapted
4. adapted, rainfall
Barnacles, snails, crabs, and mussels must have adaptations for the __________________ changing
conditions in intertidal zone.
1. water-based
2. land-based
3. constantly
4. based
In the ___________ ___________ of ocean, organisms include ___________ and animals such as
fish, whales, and dolphins.
1. photic, animals, zooplankton
2. photic, lake, lake
3. photic, lake, Only
4. photic, zone, zooplankton
A. The major climatic factors affecting plant growth are temperature and moisture.
B. The major climatic factors affecting plant growth are temperature, precipitation and moisture.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Terrestrial biomes are land-based biomes.
B. Plants are the primary producers in aquatic biomes.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Animals in littoral zone may include insects, crustaceans, fish, and turtles.
B. Water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Producers are organisms that produce food for themselves and other organisms.
2. Water near the surface generally contains less dissolved oxygen than deeper water.
3. Which plants grow in a given biome depends mainly on biotic factors.
4. Plants make food for themselves and other organisms by photosynthesis.
1. The deeper water of a lake makes up the littoral zone.
2. Plants are the primary producers in aquatic biomes.
3. Plants make food for themselves and other organisms by photosynthesis.
4. Aquatic biomes are water-based biomes.
1. The major climatic factors affecting plant growth are temperature and moisture.
3. Water nearer shore usually contains less dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
4. Terrestrial biomes are land-based biomes.
1. Terrestrial biomes are land-based biomes.

2. Sunlight and dissolved substances in the water, depend mainly on latitude and distance from shore.
3. The major plants in a given biome, in turn, help determine the types of animals and other organisms
that can live there.
1. Aquatic biomes are determined mainly by sunlight and dissolved substances in the water.
2. The top layer of water farther from shore is called the profundal zone.
3. Which plants grow in a given biome depends mainly on climate.
4. Sunlight and dissolved substances in the water, depend mainly on latitude and distance from shore.
In the photic zone of ocean, organisms include _____ and _____ such as _____, _____, and _____.
1. zooplankton, animals, fish, whales, dolphins
2. zooplankton, animals, fish, dolphins, red tubeworms
3. animals, fish, whales, dolphins, mussels
4. zooplankton, fish, whales, dolphins, intertidal
Aquatic biomes include both freshwater biomes, such as _____ and _____, and marine biomes,
which are salt-water biomes in the ocean.
1. rivers, salt-water marine Aquatic biomes, other organisms
2. lakes, salt-water marine Aquatic biomes, red tubeworms
3. rivers, lakes, salt-water marine Aquatic biomes
4. lakes, salt-water marine Aquatic biomes, snails
In limnetic zone, there is enough light for _____ and _____ of dissolved oxygen.
1. plenty, pelagic
2. plenty, whales
3. plenty, red tubeworms
4. photosynthesis, plenty
Plants make _____ for themselves and _____ by photosynthesis.
1. food, other organisms
2. other organisms, ocean
3. other organisms, other organisms
4. other organisms, red tubeworms

Benthic zone includes the sediments on the bottom of the _____ and the _____ just above it.
1. water, dissolved oxygen
2. water, seaweeds
3. water, red tubeworms
4. ocean, water
Answers
1. 2 2. 2 3. 2 4. 1 5. 2 6. 3,4 7. 1,3 8. 2,3 9. 3,4 10. 1,2 11. 3 12. 3 13.
3 14. 3 15. 3 16. 3 17. 2 18. 1 19. 2 20. 1 21. 1,4 22. 2,4 23. 1,2 24.
1,3 25. 2,3 26. 1 27. 1 28. 2 29. 1 30. 3 31. 2 32. 1 33. 1 34. 3 35. 3 36.
2,3 37. 1,2 38. 2,3 39. 2,3 40. 2,4 41. 1 42. 4 43. 3 44. 3 45. 1 46. 4 47.
2 48. 1 49. 4 50. 1 51. 3,4 52. 2,3 53. 3,4 54. 1,3,4 55. 2,4 56. 2 57. 2 58.
1 59. 2 60. 3 61. 3 62. 4 63. 3 64. 3 65. 2 66. 1,4 67. 3,4 68. 1,4 69.
1,3 70. 1,3 71. 1 72. 3 73. 4 74. 1 75. 4
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 24 MS Ecosystem Dynamics
A. Each food chain or food web has organisms at different trophic levels.
B. Consumers include all animals, fungi, some bacteria and protists.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Energy is ___________ up a food ___________ or web from lower to ___________ trophic levels.
1. passed, usually, higher
2. passed, chain, higher
3. passed, fewer, higher
4. passed, Types, less
Each food chain or food web ___________ organisms at ___________ trophic levels.
1. has, percent
2. has, relationships
3. has, catfish
4. has, different
A. Decomposers may be scavengers, detritivores, or saprotrophs.
B. A food chain is a diagram that represents a single pathway through which energy flows through
an ecosystem.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The 90 percent of energy at each trophic level is used for metabolic processes or given off to the
environment as heat.
B. Detritivores are decomposers that consume dead leaves, animal feces, and other organic debris
that collects on the ground or at the bottom of a body of water.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. Carnivores are autotrophs that consume animals.
2. Photoautotrophs include plants, algae, and some bacteria.
3. Chemoautotrophs include certain bacteria and archaea.
4. Herbivores are autotrophs that consume producers such as plants or algae.
1. Energy flows through ecosystems from decomposers, to producers, to consumers.
2. Photoautotrophs include plants, algae, and some bacteria.
3. Examples of saprotrophs include earthworm and protozoa.
4. Consumers take in organic compounds by eating or absorbing other living things.
1. Energy enters most ecosystems in the form of heat from sunlight.
2. Producers are living things that produce food for themselves and other organisms.
3. Herbivores are heterotrophs that consume producers such as plants or algae.
4. Living things can be classified based on how they obtain energy.
1. Trophic level 1 represents secondary producers that make their own food.
2. Consumers include all animals, fungi, algae and protists.
3. Two basic types of autotrophs are photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.
4. Consumers include all animals, fungi, some bacteria and protists.
1. Consumers are organisms that depend on other living things for food.
2. Types of heterotrophs are herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores.
3. Trophic level 4 represents tertiary consumers that eat primary consumers.
4. Detritivores are decomposers that feed on any remaining organic matter that is left after other
decomposers do their work.
Examples of saprotrophs include _____ and _____.
1. protozoa, themselves
2. protozoa, organic other debris
3. protozoa, webs

4. fungi, protozoa
Producers use _____ and simple inorganic molecules to make organic compounds.
1. inorganic simple molecules, webs
2. inorganic simple molecules, chemoautotrophs
3. energy, inorganic simple molecules
4. inorganic simple molecules, recycled
Omnivores are heterotrophs that consume both _____ and _____.
1. animals, earthworms
2. plants, animals
3. animals, pile up everywhere, and their nutrients would no longer be
4. animals, webs
Photoautotrophs include _____, _____, and some _____.
1. algae, bacteria, themselves
2. plants, bacteria, webs
3. algae, bacteria, earthworms
4. plants, algae, bacteria
Producers are living things that produce food for _____ and _____.
1. other organisms, chemoautotrophs
2. themselves, other organisms
3. other organisms, recycled
4. other organisms, webs
A. The chemical elements and water that are needed by living things keep recycling on Earth.
B. Most of the nitrates are produced by bacteria that live in soil or in the roots of plants called
legumes.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Groundwater may seep out of the ground at a spring or into a body of water such as the ocean.

B. Major reservoirs of carbon dioxide include sedimentary rocks, fossil fuels, and the ocean.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. When fossil fuels are extracted and burned, the stored carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon
dioxide.
B. Decomposition of dead organisms and inorganic wastes releases carbon back to the atmosphere,
soil, or ocean.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
___________ processes, such as volcanic eruptions, can release underground ___________ from
rocks into the atmosphere.
1. make, dioxide
2. Natural, carbon
3. Natural, make
4. Natural, dissolves
A. The water droplets may form clouds.
B. Decomposition of dead organisms and inorganic wastes releases carbon back to the atmosphere,
soil, or ocean.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. An aquifer is an underground layer of water.
2. Sublimation happens because of heat from the Earth 's surface.
3. Precipitation is any form of water that falls from the atmosphere.
4. Most evaporation occurs from the surface of the ocean.

1. The masses of ice can store frozen water for hundreds of years or even longer.
2. An aquifer is an underground layer of water.
3. The sun heats the water and gives water molecules enough energy to escape into the atmosphere.
4. Transpiration takes place when plants in ocean release water vapor through stomata.
1. Condensation may form dew or smog.
3. Water erosion by runoff, rivers, and streams dissolves carbon in the air and carries it to the ocean.
4. Evaporation takes place when water on Earth 's surface changes to water vapor.
1. The carbon-containing sediments may form hydrocarbon-rich fossil fuels, which include oil, natural
gas, and coal.
2. The sun heats the water and gives water molecules enough energy to escape into the atmosphere.
3. When fossil fuels are extracted and burned, the stored carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon
monoxide.
4. Some frozen precipitation becomes part of ice caps and glaciers.
1. Some frozen precipitation becomes part of ice caps and glaciers.
2. When precipitation that falls on land may flow over the surface of the ground, that area is called
runoff.
3. Precipitation includes rain, snow, sleet, hail, water vapor, and freezing rain.
During the water cycle, water occurs in _____, _____, and _____.
1. liquid, solid states, decompose, their nitrogen is returned to the soil as ammonium ions
2. liquid, solid states, other elements
3. gas, liquid, solid states
4. gas, solid states, natural gas
The carbon cycle includes carbon in _____ and _____ under the ground, the _____, the _____, and
_____.
1. sedimentary rocks, fossil fuels, ocean, atmosphere, living things
2. fossil fuels, ocean, atmosphere, living things, decompose, their nitrogen is returned to the soil as
ammonium ions

3. sedimentary rocks, fossil fuels, ocean, living things, coal
4. sedimentary rocks, ocean, atmosphere, living things, living things
Biochemical compounds consist of _____ of carbon atoms and just a few _____.
1. chains, other elements
2. other elements, natural gas
3. other elements, plants
4. other elements, decompose, their nitrogen is returned to the soil as ammonium ions
The _____ and water cycles are called biogeochemical cycles.
1. biogeochemical water cycles, oil
2. biogeochemical water cycles, decompose, their nitrogen is returned to the soil as ammonium ions
3. biogeochemical water cycles, soaks
4. chemical elements, biogeochemical water cycles
Some frozen precipitation becomes part of _____ and _____.
1. ice caps, glaciers
2. glaciers, natural gas
3. glaciers, decompose, their nitrogen is returned to the soil as ammonium ions
4. glaciers, plants
The first few species to ___________ a ___________ area are called pioneer species.
1. colonize, action
2. colonize, result
3. colonize, disturbed
4. colonize, Primary
A. Primary succession occurs in an area that has never before been colonized by living things.
B. Important cases of ecological succession are primary succession and secondary succession.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.

A. Primary succession is faster than primary succession.
B. Secondary succession could come about when a glacier retreats and leaves behind bare rock.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Ecological succession ___________ ___________ the numbers and types of species in most
ecosystems change to some degree through time.
1. occurs, when
2. occurs, living
3. occurs, things
4. living, colonized
A. Secondary succession occurs in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed.
B. Pioneer species usually include bacteria, grass and lichens.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. Primary succession occurs in an area that has never before been colonized by living things.
2. In secondary succession, along with wind and water, the pioneer species help weather the rock and
form soil.
3. Important cases of ecological succession are primary succession and secondary succession.
4. In primary succession, pioneer species must be organisms that can live on bare rock.
1. In secondary succession, as more plants grow and die, organic matter is added to the soil.
2. In primary succession, along with wind and water, the pioneer species help weather the rock and
form soil.
3. Pioneer species usually include bacteria and lichens.
4. Secondary succession could come about when a glacier retreats and leaves behind bare rock.
1. In secondary succession, as more plants grow and die, organic matter is added to the soil.

3. Secondary succession could result from a fire, flood, or human action such as farming.
4. Primary succession occurs in an area that has never before been colonized by living things.
1. Important cases of ecological succession are primary succession and secondary succession.
2. In primary succession, along with wind and water, the pioneer species help weather the rock and
form soil.
3. Primary succession occurs in a formerly inhabited area that was disturbed.
4. Primary succession is faster than primary succession.
1. In primary succession, pioneer species must be organisms that can live on bare rock.
2. Primary succession could come about when a glacier retreats and leaves behind bare rock.
4. In secondary succession, the first plants are usually grasses and other small plants that can grow in
thin, poor soil.
In Secondary succession, as organic matter from the pioneer species improves the soil, _____ and
other forest plants will move into the area.
1. forest other plants, numbers
2. forest other plants, fireweed
3. trees, forest other plants
4. forest other plants, types
Primary succession could come about when a glacier retreats and _____ behind bare rock.
1. leaves, forest other plants
2. come about when a glacier retreats and, leaves
3. leaves, types
4. leaves, numbers
Primary succession could come about when lava _____ from a volcano and _____ into bare rock.
1. hardens, forest other plants
2. flows, hardens
3. hardens, types
4. hardens, numbers

In primary succession, the first plants are usually _____ and other small plants that can grow in
thin, poor soil.
1. small other first plants, types
2. grasses, small other first plants
3. small other first plants, forest other plants
4. small other first plants, numbers
In primary succession, as more plants grow and die, organic matter is added to the soil.
1. die, organic matter is added to the soil, types
2. die, organic matter is added to the soil, forest other plants
3. die, organic matter is added to the soil, numbers
4. grow and, die, organic matter is added to the soil
Answers
1. 2 2. 2 3. 4 4. 2 5. 2 6. 2,3 7. 2,4 8. 2,3,4 9. 3,4 10. 1,2 11. 4 12. 3 13.
2 14. 4 15. 2 16. 2 17. 3 18. 3 19. 2 20. 3 21. 3,4 22. 1,3 23. 2,4 24.
2,4 25. 1,4 26. 3 27. 1 28. 1 29. 4 30. 1 31. 3 32. 2 33. 1 34. 1 35. 3 36.
1,3,4 37. 2,3 38. 3,4 39. 1,2 40. 1,2 41. 3 42. 2 43. 2 44. 2 45. 4
---End of Test---

K12 Middle LifeScience Chapter 25 MS Environmental Problems
A. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides come mainly from motor vehicle exhaust and various fossil burning.
B. Source of outdoor air pollution is radon gas.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. The atmosphere contains nitrogen needed for proteins and nucleic acids.
B. Rising global temperatures, are melting polar ice caps and glaciers.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Possible sources of indoor air pollution include dust, mold, and pet dander.
B. Sulfur oxides are formed by fossil burning and result in acid rain.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Home owners can take to improve indoor air quality by ___________ indoor ___________, flooring,
and paints that are low in ___________ compounds such as VOCs.
1. choosing, furniture, toxic
2. choosing, Indoor, acidic
3. choosing, Indoor, properly
4. choosing, heat, toxic
A. Air pollution may cause acid rain.
B. Source of outdoor air pollution is radon gas.
3. Only A is true.

4. Only B is true.
1. Nitrogen oxides are formed by fossil burning exhaust and result in acid rain.
2. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides come mainly from motor vehicle exhaust and various fossil burning.
3. Air pollution may trigger asthma attacks and heart attacks in people with underlying health problems.
4. Air pollution may cause acid rain.
1. The atmosphere provides carbon dioxide needed for cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
2. Air pollution may trigger asthma attacks and heart attacks in people with underlying health problems.
3. Acids form in the atmosphere when nitrogen and sulfur oxides mix with water in air.
4. If acid rain falls into lakes, it increases the pH of the water and may kill aquatic organisms.
1. Pollutants in the air are major contributors to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
2. The rise in greenhouse gases increases the greenhouse effect and causes Earth 's average
temperature to change.
3. Mercury are formed by fossil burning and result in nerve poisoning.
4. Mercury are formed by coal burning and result in nerve poisoning.
1. Erosion of soil in farm fields, mining activities, and construction sites adds dust particles to the air.
2. The atmosphere provides carbon dioxide needed for cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
3. Pollutants in the air are major contributors to respiratory and vascular diseases.
4. Ranching and using chemicals such as fertilizers cause outdoor air pollution.
1. Adding less heat energy to Earth 's atmosphere causes more extreme weather and changes in
precipitation patterns.
2. Acid rain that is more acidic than normal rain.
3. Mercury are formed by fossil burning and result in nerve poisoning.
4. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides come mainly from motor vehicle exhaust and coal burning.
Ground-level ozone are formed by motor vehicle exhaust and _____ in respiratory problems.
1. result, Nitrogen
2. vehicle motor exhaust, result

3. result, venting
4. result, cardiovascular
Home owners can take to improve indoor air quality by choosing _____, _____, and _____ that are
low in toxic compounds such as VOCs.
1. indoor furniture, paints, fuel fossil burning
2. indoor furniture, flooring, paints
3. indoor furniture, paints, venting
4. indoor furniture, paints, sulfur
_____ and _____ oxides come mainly from motor vehicle exhaust and _____.
1. Nitrogen, sulfur, vehicle motor exhaust, coal burning
2. sulfur, vehicle motor exhaust, coal burning, fuel fossil burning
3. Nitrogen, sulfur, coal burning, cardiovascular
4. Nitrogen, vehicle motor exhaust, coal burning, venting
Nitrogen oxides are formed by motor vehicle exhaust and _____ in acid rain.
1. vehicle motor exhaust, result
2. result, venting
3. result, Nitrogen
4. result, cardiovascular
The rise in greenhouse gases _____ the greenhouse effect and _____ Earth 's average temperature
to rise.
1. increases, causes
2. causes, sulfur
3. causes, fuel fossil burning
4. causes, venting
Water pollution is threatening the limited supply of water that ___________ beings and other living
things ___________ on.
1. breeding, adapted
2. human, adapted
3. human, Fish
4. human, depend

A. When algae in an algal bloom die and decompose, they uses up oxygen in the water so that the
water becomes hypoxic.
B. Dead zones are areas where the hypoxic water ca n't support life.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Dead ___________ are areas where the hypoxic ___________ ca n't support life.
1. occurs, diarrhea
2. zones, waterborne
3. zones, trash
4. zones, water
A. An example of nonpoint-source pollution is the release of pollution into a body of water through
a pipe from a factory or sewage treatment plant.
B. When fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, the added nutrients cause excessive growth of algae
and fungi.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
When algae in an ___________ bloom die and ___________, they uses up ___________ in the water
so that the water becomes hypoxic.
1. algal, sewage, oxygen
2. algal, decompose, oxygen
3. algal, acidification, dangerous
4. algal, acidification, acidification
1. The burning of fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
2. Wetlands are habitats such as swamps, marshes, and bogs where the ground is soggy or covered with
water much of the year.
3. An algal bloom occurs when fertilizer ends up in bodies of water.
4. When algae in an algal bloom die and decompose, they uses up oxygen in the water so that the water

becomes hypoxic.
1. An algal bloom occurs when chemical ends up in bodies of water.
2. The burning of fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
3. Water pollution is threatening the limited supply of water that human beings and other living things
depend on.
4. When fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, the added nutrients cause excessive growth of algae.
1. Dead zones are areas where the toxic water ca n't support life.
2. Ocean water normally dissolves some of the carbon dioxide or oxygen in the atmosphere.
3. Dead zones are areas where the hypoxic water ca n't support life.
4. An algal bloom may make the water unfit for human consumption or recreation.
1. When algae in an algal bloom die and decompose, they uses up oxygen in the water so that the water
becomes hypoxic.
2. Wetlands slow down and filter runoff before it reaches bodies of water.
3. Wetlands increase runoff before it reaches bodies of water.
1. When there is single point where pollution enters the water, it is called nonpoint-source pollution.
2. Wetlands destroy many different species of organisms.
4. Wetlands slow down and filter runoff before it reaches bodies of water.
Water pollution is threatening the limited supply of water that _____ and other living things
depend on.
1. living other things, shellfish
2. living other things, accidents
3. human beings, living other things
4. living other things, decompose, they uses up oxygen in the water so that the water becomes hypoxic

Wetlands are habitats such as _____, _____, and _____ where the ground is soggy or covered with
1. marshes, bogs, golf courses
2. swamps, marshes, bogs
3. swamps, bogs, Fish
4. marshes, bogs, shellfish
A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by _____ and _____.
1. factories, shellfish
2. factories, golf courses
3. factories, accidents
4. power plants, factories
_____ and _____ _____ to a particular temperature range and oxygen concentration may be _____
by the change in water temperature.
1. other organisms, adapted, killed, shellfish
2. Fish, other organisms, killed, decompose, they uses up oxygen in the water so that the water becomes
hypoxic
3. Fish, other organisms, adapted, killed
4. Fish, other organisms, killed, golf courses
Ocean acidification can kill some aquatic organisms, including _____ and _____.
1. shellfish, adapted
2. corals, shellfish
3. shellfish, dumping the
4. shellfish, golf courses
It may be ___________ to ___________ renewable energy sources.
1. supplied, resource
2. expensive, support
3. expensive, develop
4. expensive, Wind energy
A. Fossil fuels and the uranium needed for nuclear power will soon be used up.
B. Metals and some other minerals are considered renewable as well because they are not destroyed

when they are used.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Although biomass is renewable, burning it produces carbon dioxide, similar to fossil fuels.
B. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy are nonrenewable energy resources.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Metals and some other minerals are considered renewable as well because they are not destroyed
when they are used.
B. Reuse means taking a used item, breaking it down, and reusing the components.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
Generally, it takes less energy to reuse an item than to recycle it, so choose this option over
recycling __________________ you can.
1. occurring
2. when
3. present
4. Reducing
1. Biomass is non-renewable.
2. The wind blows because of differences in heating of Earth 's surface by the sun.
3. Nonrenewable resources are natural resources that ca n't be remade or else take too long to remake
to keep up with human use.
4. Uranium is nonrenewable resource.

2. Reusing or recycling items may take energy.
3. Soil is a very important natural resource.
1. A natural resource is non-living things supplied by nature that helps support life.
3. Fossil fuels form from the remains of plants and animals over hundreds of millions of years.
4. Soil is a very important natural resource.
1. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy are nonrenewable energy resources.
2. Uranium is renewable resource.
3. Wind generators can turn wind energy into electricity.
4. A natural resource is something supplied by nature that helps support life.
1. A natural resource is something supplied by nature that helps support life.
2. Reusing or recycling items may take energy.
3. Uranium is a naturally occurring chemical element that ca n't be remade.
_____ and the _____ needed for nuclear power will soon be used up.
1. uranium, concrete
2. uranium, tires
3. uranium, reusing
4. Fossil fuels, uranium
Fossil fuels form from the remains of _____ and _____ over hundreds of millions of years.
1. animals, reusing
2. plants, animals
3. animals, concrete
4. animals, tires
Plants need soil to grow, and plants are the _____ of terrestrial ecosystems.
1. basis, concrete

2. need soil to grow, and plants are the, basis
3. basis, tires
4. basis, reusing
_____ and _____ are nonrenewable energy resources.
1. nuclear energy, reusing
2. nuclear energy, tires
3. Fossil fuels, nuclear energy
4. nuclear energy, concrete
Crops such as corn can be _____ into a liquid fuel and _____ to gasoline.
1. converted, added
2. added, tires
3. added, concrete
4. added, reusing
A. Half of Earth 's mature tropical forests have already been destroyed.
B. Five mass extinctions have occurred in Earth 's history.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Predator species such as birds and spiders control insect pests.
B. Microorganisms purify water in rivers and lakes.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Many crop plants depend on pollination by wild animals.
B. Plants and algae add oxygen to the air and remove carbon dioxide and nitrogen when they
undertake photosynthesis.

3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. Humans have introduced exotic species into new habitats like Purple loosestrife.
B. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life, its processes and abiotic components.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
A. When plants die, their organic matter improves the soil as it decomposes.
B. Half of Earth 's mature tropical forests have already been destroyed.
3. Only A is true.
4. Only B is true.
1. More than half of the most important prescription drugs come from wild species.
2. Increasing temperatures are changing basic climate factors of habitats, extinction, and rising sea
levels are covering them with water.
3. Plants help protect the soil.
4. Mass extinctions were caused by major geologic, biological and climatic events.
1. Plants and algae add oxygen to the air and remove carbon dioxide when they undertake
photosynthesis.
2. Plants and algae maintain Earth 's atmosphere.
3. Biodiversity includes the variation in living and non-living organisms, the genetic differences among
them, and the range of communities and ecosystems in which they live.
4. The burning of coal has increased the greenhouse effect and caused global climate change.
1. Living things are an invaluable source of medical drugs.
2. Predator species increase the need for chemical pesticides.
3. Most domestic species have been bred to be genetically uniform which domestic crops and animals at
great risk of dying out due to disease.

4. Amphibians maintain a valuable pool of genetic variation.
1. The single biggest cause of the sixth mass extinction is biodiversity loss.
2. Besides food, diverse living things provide us with many different products.
3. Many crop plants depend on pollination by microorganisms.
4. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life and its processes.
1. Biodiversity helps ensure that at least some species will survive environmental change.
2. Mammals current high rates of extinction serve as an early warning of environmental damage and
danger to us all.
3. Most domestic species have been bred to be genetically uniform which domestic crops and animals at
great risk of dying out due to disease.
4. Habitats generally increases ecosystem productivity and stability.
Most domestic species have been bred to be genetically uniform which _____ and _____ at great
risk of dying out due to disease.
1. animals, laws
2. animals, changing
3. domestic crops, animals
4. animals, Dyes
Biodiversity generally increases _____ and _____.
1. stability, Dyes
2. stability, changing
3. stability, laws
4. ecosystem productivity, stability
_____, _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____ provide us with many different products.
1. Dyes, rubber, fibers, paper, adhesives, timber
2. Dyes, rubber, paper, adhesives, timber, ecosystems
3. rubber, fibers, paper, adhesives, timber, laws
4. Dyes, rubber, paper, adhesives, timber, other organisms
The burning of fossil fuels has _____ the greenhouse effect and _____ global climate change.

1. caused, laws
2. caused, Dyes
3. caused, changing
4. increased, caused
_____ and _____ maintain Earth 's atmosphere.
1. algae, remove carbon dioxide when they undertake photosynthesis
2. algae, paper
3. algae, laws
4. Plants, algae
Answers
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 1 5. 3 6. 3,4 7. 2,3 8. 1,4 9. 1,4 10. 2,4 11. 2 12. 2 13.
1 14. 1 15. 1 16. 4 17. 2 18. 4 19. 1 20. 2 21. 3,4 22. 3,4 23. 3,4 24.
1,2 25. 3,4 26. 3 27. 2 28. 4 29. 3 30. 2 31. 3 32. 2 33. 2 34. 3 35. 2 36.
3,4 37. 1,3 38. 2,3,4 39. 1,4 40. 1,3 41. 4 42. 2 43. 2 44. 3 45. 1 46. 2 47.
2 48. 3 49. 3 50. 2 51. 1,3 52. 1,2 53. 1,3 54. 2,4 55. 1,3 56. 3 57. 4 58.
1 59. 4 60. 4
---End of Test---

K12 middle school life science – practice tests

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K12 middle school life science – practice tests