Julie is a 52-year-old female who has come to a local walk-in clinic.pdf
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Julie is a 52-year-old female who has come to a local walk-in clinic to discuss her COPD and specifically the problem she is having with exacerbations and time ‘off sick’. She is a heavy smoker, and her progressively deteriorating lung function suggests that she has moderate COPD, although she also has a history of childhood asthma, and had allergic rhinitis as a teenager. She has a sedentary office job and, although she is breathless on exertion, this generally does not interfere with her lifestyle. The relatively frequent exacerbations are more troublesome. They are usually triggered by an upper respiratory infection and can take a couple of weeks to recover. She has had three exacerbations this winter, and as a result her employer is not happy with her sickness absence record and has asked her to seek advice from her general practitioner. Julie is on a short-acting 2-agonist, although she rarely uses it except during exacerbations. In the past, she has used an inhaled steroid, but stopped that some time ago as she was not convinced it was helping. While auscultating Julie’s lungs, the nurse hears expiratory wheezes throughout. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 110/82; pulse 116; respiratory rate 39; oxygen saturation on room air is 88%. Recent spirometry showed a typical COPD flow-volume loop, although she had some reversibility (250ml and 20%) with a post-bronchodilator FEV1 of 60% predicted. Question:6 1. Explain some of the emotional and psychological issues Julie may experience. How can you as a nurse support Julie to help her cope with this situation? Support your answer with explanation, and references.References within 5 years. Solution Julie has been experiencing the relatively frequent exacerbations & these are more troublesome because they are triggered by an upper respiratory infection and can take a couple of weeks to recover due to chronic obstructive pulmonary syndrome (COPD). These effects have induced variable physiological effect sin Julie with change in breathing rate & heart rate as a result she may experience \"COPD associated with psychiatric depression\" & feelings of hopelessness and fatigue and sleeplessness. Finally, she is going to experience emotional issues such as \"stress & anxiety\" with feeling of weakness and lower consciousness to engage in enjoyable activities As a nurse, it is crucial to support Julie to help her cope with this situation by advising her to learn breathing techniques from a psychologist & respiratory specialist so that she can cope with emergency situation using pulmonary rehabilitation setting. The psychological issues can be rectified by advising her to take medication and treatment plan. The emotional issues can be stopped by advising her to participate in exercises along patients of COPD & asthma References: Farrokh Sohrabi, MD 2012. Coping With the Emotional Challenges of COPD. Everyday Health.
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1
6
Assignment template
Subjective Section
Chief complainant
The patient starts by saying, "I can't stop crying, all the time." The patient complains that since she gave birth to her child two months ago, she has been experiencing mood disorders and difficulties falling asleep even after the baby is already asleep. She complains that especially when the baby cries, she loses her appetite and is not comfortable with her new body shape and size. She says nothing interests her, even writing, which was one of the things she loved before she gave birth. She does not want to contact her friends, and everything seems to be upsetting her.
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L.T is a 32-year-old black female who resents for psychiatric evaluation due to mood depression. The patient has not been prescribed any psychotropic drugs recently.
Past psychiatric history
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Medication trials and current medication
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Psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis
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Pertinent substance use, social, and medical history
The patient denies any use of alcohol or cases of drug abuse in the family. Although she says that her uncle was not an opioid abuser, he committed suicide using GSW. She is married and currently lives with her husband with their two kids. She has been working in the retail business for the past five years, but currently, she is a housewife. The patient grew up with her sister together with her both parents. She has been diagnosed with hypertension recently, and she is taking drugs labelled as labetalol 100mg for HTN, which she says that she sometimes forgets to take them. The patient has no legal history or any issues related to violence.
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HEET: Her vision is the same no issues of double vision or jaundice. Her ears, nose and throat are okay.
Skin: Her skin has not changed either is she having rashes.
Cardiovascular: No chest discomfort or pains.
Respiratory: She is not coughing or producing sputum, implying her respiratory is fine.
Gastrointestinal: She has eventually lost her appetite and wants to lose weight, although she is not vomiting or feeling abdominal pain.
Genitourinary: The urine colour or odour has not changed, and she is not experiencing any burns during urination. No headaches, no back or joint pains.
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Objective Data
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Health History
Mrs. J. is a 63-year-old married woman who has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite requiring 2L of oxygen/nasal cannula at home during activity, she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day and has done so for 40 years. Three days ago, she had sudden onset of flu-like symptoms including fever, productive cough, nausea, and malaise. Over the past 3 days, she has been unable to perform ADLs and has required assistance in walking short distances. She has not taken her antihypertensive medications or medications to control her heart failure for 3 days. Today, she has been admitted to the hospital ICU with acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of COPD.
Subjective Data
Is very anxious and asks whether she is going to die.
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Objective Data
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ethical egoism prescribes actions, it is distinct from psychological egoism (discussed in the
previous selection by Joel Feinberg), which is a descriptive claim about the nature of people\'s
motivations.Rachels provides several arguments both for and against ethical egoism. The first
argument for ethical egoism is that we actually harm other people by looking out for their
interests. For example, we may misinterpret their interests and bungle attempts at help, or we
may intrude on other people\'s lives in ways that they dislike, or we may degrade others by
offering them handouts. But this justification of egoism is premised upon the value of the general
welfare precisely the thing that ethical egoism denies is important. Rather than claiming that only
one\'s own interests matter, this argument states that paying attention to one\'s own interests is
the most effective means to furthering the interests of everyone. It is thus an empirical claim
about the best way to benefit people generally, not a normative claim about whose interests
ought to count. A second argument for ethical egoism is that altruistic ethics (i.e., those that
require one to help others even without benefit to oneself) requires one to sacrifice oneself for
the benefit of others, and that were one to follow altruistic ethics one would have nothing to give
one\'s projects, goals, and relationships. But those things are precisely what make life valuable;
thus, altruistic ethics denies the importance of the very things that are valuable. Rachels
dismisses this argument quickly because it is a false dichotomy; having obligations to others
does not entail that one give up all of one\'s projects.
So,Option A is correct..
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Depression hurts
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16Assignment templateSubjectiv
1
6
Assignment template
Subjective Section
Chief complainant
The patient starts by saying, "I can't stop crying, all the time." The patient complains that since she gave birth to her child two months ago, she has been experiencing mood disorders and difficulties falling asleep even after the baby is already asleep. She complains that especially when the baby cries, she loses her appetite and is not comfortable with her new body shape and size. She says nothing interests her, even writing, which was one of the things she loved before she gave birth. She does not want to contact her friends, and everything seems to be upsetting her.
History of present illness (HPI)
L.T is a 32-year-old black female who resents for psychiatric evaluation due to mood depression. The patient has not been prescribed any psychotropic drugs recently.
Past psychiatric history
The patient has never been examined or treated for any mental disorders in the past. Recently she was hospitalized for a standard childbirth procedure.
Medication trials and current medication
She has not tried any medications in the past, neither is she under any medication currently.
Psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis
The patient has no history of psychiatric illness and has not been diagnosed or treated with any mental health disorder.
Pertinent substance use, social, and medical history
The patient denies any use of alcohol or cases of drug abuse in the family. Although she says that her uncle was not an opioid abuser, he committed suicide using GSW. She is married and currently lives with her husband with their two kids. She has been working in the retail business for the past five years, but currently, she is a housewife. The patient grew up with her sister together with her both parents. She has been diagnosed with hypertension recently, and she is taking drugs labelled as labetalol 100mg for HTN, which she says that she sometimes forgets to take them. The patient has no legal history or any issues related to violence.
Allergies
L.T is allergic to codeine. She gave birth two months ago, which automatically means that she is lactating. Currently, she is not using any form of contraceptive, and she has had no desire for sex since she gave birth.
ROS
General: No weight loss, fatigue or chills experienced by the patient.
HEET: Her vision is the same no issues of double vision or jaundice. Her ears, nose and throat are okay.
Skin: Her skin has not changed either is she having rashes.
Cardiovascular: No chest discomfort or pains.
Respiratory: She is not coughing or producing sputum, implying her respiratory is fine.
Gastrointestinal: She has eventually lost her appetite and wants to lose weight, although she is not vomiting or feeling abdominal pain.
Genitourinary: The urine colour or odour has not changed, and she is not experiencing any burns during urination. No headaches, no back or joint pains.
Hematologic: No bleeding realized or enlarged nodes.
Endocri ...
16Assignment templateSubjectiv
A 32-year-old black female presents for a psychiatric evaluation due to symptoms of depression since giving birth two months ago. She reports crying frequently, difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, lack of interest in activities, and feelings of worthlessness. Her symptoms are impacting her ability to care for her infant and interact with others. Differential diagnoses include postpartum depression, major depressive disorder, and postpartum blues. A psychiatric assessment finds depressed mood but no signs of psychosis. The primary diagnosis is determined to be postpartum depression based on the timing of symptoms onset and presentation of diagnostic criteria.
Case study patient with copd
1. JS, a 74-year-old man with COPD, heart failure, and pneumonia, presents with shortness of breath and fever. His medical history and physical exam reveal severe COPD and risk factors for exacerbation.
2. Chest X-ray confirms right lower lobe pneumonia. ABG results show respiratory acidosis. The patient is treated with antibiotics and oral steroids in the hospital with improvement.
3. Proper management of COPD includes educating patients about self-care, monitoring for exacerbations, promoting smoking cessation, and referring to pulmonary rehabilitation.
Somatoform disorders
Somatization disorders involve physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically, and are thought to be related to psychological factors. They include somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, and body dysmorphic disorder. The symptoms are real but are caused or exacerbated by stress and psychological issues rather than physical pathology. Treatment involves psychotherapy and helping the patient manage stress and recognize psychological contributors to their symptoms.
Conversion and dissoociative disorder.pptx
Conversion disorder is a psychiatric condition where emotional distress is expressed through physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically. It results from unconscious psychological conflicts being converted into physical problems. Common symptoms include paralysis, seizures, sensory problems, and pseudoseizures. Treatment involves identifying and resolving the underlying psychological stressors through psychotherapy like hypnosis and abreaction therapy. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for organic causes, supporting adaptive coping, and addressing anxiety and trauma through education and building trust.
MHN (pritesh )depression
Depression is a state of mental illness characterized by deep, long-lasting feelings of sadness or despair that can affect people of any age. It can be caused by genetic, environmental, psychological, and social factors. Common symptoms include persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, lack of concentration, and thoughts of suicide. Treatment involves psychotherapy, medication, exercise, diet changes, and lifestyle modifications to manage symptoms.
rashid depression
Depression is a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, impacting both physical and mental health. It has often been ignored as a minor issue not requiring medical help, but depression is a real illness with symptoms and should be treated. There are several types of depression, including postnatal depression affecting many new mothers, seasonal affective disorder which is more common in winter months, and bipolar disorder with major mood swings. Causes of depression include stressful life events, other illnesses, and low self-esteem. Treatment options are exercise, antidepressant medication, and therapy which can help manage depression.
Presentation on Bipolar disorder
Misconceptions on Bipolar Disorder:
1. Bipolar disorder isn’t mood swings, they have cycles and episodes for weeks to months.
2. There is only 1 type of bipolar disorder. This is a common myth, but there are actually 7 types of bipolar disorder:
Bipolar 1: When a person experiences depressive episodes for more than 2 weeks and also experiences a sudden spike in mania.
Bipolar 2: Patients experience hypomania stage and depressive episodes.
Cyclothymic: Group of people in hypomania and mild-depression. For you to be in this group, you have to have at least 2 years of it.
Substances/medication that causes the disorder
Bipolar with mixed features: This is when you experienced mixed episodes. Like you experience depression and mania at the same time.
Bipolar with seasonal pattern: This is when a certain time or season affects your mood episodes.
Unspecified bipolar: this is when you don’t quite fit into any categories of the above.
3. It can be easily cured by diet and exercise. This is not quite true, currently there is no cure for this disorder, but diet and exercising does help to reduce the danger of it and it can also be well managed by getting the right treatment from the right expert.
Bipolar disorder also has episodes, these are the episodes and the signs of it:
1. Signs of manic episodes:
- Excessive happiness or hopefulness
- Rapid thoughts and speech
- Restlessness due to being to excessive
- Experience hallucinations and delusions.
2. Signs of hypomanic episodes:
- The signs of hypomania are the same as manic, but it isn’t severe and also does not last as long as manic (manic usually lasts a week or more, hypomania tends to last for a few days).
3. Signs of mild-depression:
- Hopelessness and anger
- Appetite and weight changes
- Insomnia
- Lack of motivation
- Reckless activities, like abusing drugs or alcohol
4. Signs of major depressive episodes:
- Overwhelming sadness
- It’s the same as mild-depressive, just like manic with hypomanic, it’s more severe.
Causes of bipolar disorder:
Doctors haven’t found the exact reasons to the illness, but research suggests these factors:
Genetics: people who have a family member contact with the disorder is more likely (about 10 more percent) to have it.
Chemical imbalance in the brain: Chemicals controlling the brain are neurotransmitters, noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine. Any imbalance in 1 of those chemicals may create symptoms of bipolar disorder.
Triggers (over a period of time): stressful circumstances may trigger the symptoms of bipolar disorder. For example, childhood trauma, drugs and tough life events.
Download the powerpoint to find more about the disorder and have fun with the animations and effects of the powerpoint.
Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mrs.docx
Mrs. J. is a 63-year-old woman admitted to the ICU with acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of COPD. She has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and COPD. On admission, she exhibited fever, productive cough, nausea, malaise, anxiety, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat. Her medications were adjusted to control her symptoms and manage her conditions. She requires education on medication adherence and smoking cessation to prevent future exacerbations and hospitalizations.
Psychiatry ppt
This document provides information on diagnosing and managing hypochondriasis and delirium. It discusses:
- The diagnostic criteria for hypochondriasis including preoccupation with health despite medical evaluations finding no evidence of disease.
- Hypochondriasis is often associated with panic disorder and major depressive disorder.
- Differential diagnoses for hypochondriasis including physical illness, depression, panic disorder, OCD, and psychotic disorders.
- Treatment for hypochondriasis involves cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressants for comorbid conditions.
- Delirium risk factors include older age, cognitive impairment, medications, infection and environmental changes. Screening tools like the Confusion Assessment
Case Study Mrs. J. It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse.docx
Case Study: Mrs. J.
It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse to demonstrate an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiological processes of disease, the clinical manifestations and treatment protocols, and how they affect clients across the life span.
Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mrs. J., presented below.
Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below.
Health History and Medical Information
Health History
Mrs. J. is a 63-year-old married woman who has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite requiring 2L of oxygen/nasal cannula at home during activity, she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day and has done so for 40 years. Three days ago, she had sudden onset of flu-like symptoms including fever, productive cough, nausea, and malaise. Over the past 3 days, she has been unable to perform ADLs and has required assistance in walking short distances. She has not taken her antihypertensive medications or medications to control her heart failure for 3 days. Today, she has been admitted to the hospital ICU with acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of COPD.
Subjective Data
Is very anxious and asks whether she is going to die.
Denies pain but says she feels like she cannot get enough air.
Says her heart feels like it is "running away."
Reports that she is exhausted and cannot eat or drink by herself.
Objective Data
Height 175 cm; Weight 95.5kg.
Vital signs: T 37.6C, HR 118 and irregular, RR 34, BP 90/58.
Cardiovascular: Distant S1, S2, S3 present; PMI at sixth ICS and faint: all peripheral pulses are 1+; bilateral jugular vein distention; initial cardiac monitoring indicates a ventricular rate of 132 and atrial fibrillation.
Respiratory: Pulmonary crackles; decreased breath sounds right lower lobe; coughing frothy blood-tinged sputum; SpO2 82%.
Gastrointestinal: BS present: hepatomegaly 4cm below costal margin.
Intervention
The following medications administered through drug therapy control her symptoms:
IV furosemide (Lasix)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
IV morphine sulphate (Morphine)
Inhaled short-acting bronchodilator (ProAir HFA)
Inhaled corticosteroid (Flovent HFA)
Oxygen delivered at 2L/ NC
Critical Thinking Essay
In 750-1,000 words, critically evaluate Mrs. J.'s situation. Include the following:
Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mrs. J.
Discuss whether the nursing interventions at the time of her admissions were appropriate for Mrs. J. and explain the rationale for each of the medications listed.
Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition.
Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults.
Mhn ppt ( pritesh )depression
Depression is a mental illness characterized by feelings of sadness and despair that can affect thinking, behavior, and physical well-being. It has several types including major depression. Causes may include genetic, brain, environmental, psychological, and social factors or other conditions. Symptoms include feelings of emptiness, guilt, fatigue, changes in appetite, and thoughts of suicide. Treatment involves support, psychotherapy like CBT, medication, exercise, diet, light therapy, and ECT in severe cases. Nursing management focuses on assessment, diagnoses related to self-care deficits, nutrition, sleep, and risk of harm.
Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mrs. J.,.docx
Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mrs. J., presented below.
Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below.
Health History and Medical Information
Health History
Mrs. J. is a 63-year-old married woman who has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite requiring 2L of oxygen/nasal cannula at home during activity, she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day and has done so for 40 years. Three days ago, she had sudden onset of flu-like symptoms including fever, productive cough, nausea, and malaise. Over the past 3 days, she has been unable to perform ADLs and has required assistance in walking short distances. She has not taken her antihypertensive medications or medications to control her heart failure for 3 days. Today, she has been admitted to the hospital ICU with acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of COPD.
Subjective Data
Is very anxious and asks whether she is going to die.
Denies pain but says she feels like she cannot get enough air.
Says her heart feels like it is "running away."
Reports that she is exhausted and cannot eat or drink by herself.
Objective Data
Height 175 cm; Weight 95.5kg.
Vital signs: T 37.6C, HR 118 and irregular, RR 34, BP 90/58.
Cardiovascular: Distant S1, S2, S3 present; PMI at sixth ICS and faint: all peripheral pulses are 1+; bilateral jugular vein distention; initial cardiac monitoring indicates a ventricular rate of 132 and atrial fibrillation.
Respiratory: Pulmonary crackles; decreased breath sounds right lower lobe; coughing frothy blood-tinged sputum; SpO2 82%.
Gastrointestinal: BS present: hepatomegaly 4cm below costal margin.
Intervention
The following medications administered through drug therapy control her symptoms:
IV furosemide (Lasix)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
IV morphine sulphate (Morphine)
Inhaled short-acting bronchodilator (ProAir HFA)
Inhaled corticosteroid (Flovent HFA)
Oxygen delivered at 2L/ NC
Critical Thinking Essay
In 750-1,000 words, critically evaluate Mrs. J.'s situation. Include the following:
Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mrs. J.
Discuss whether the nursing interventions at the time of her admissions were appropriate for Mrs. J. and explain the rationale for each of the medications listed.
Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition.
Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, discuss four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple drug interactions in older patients. Provide a rationale for each of the interventions you recommend.
Provide a health promotion .
Similar to Julie is a 52-year-old female who has come to a local walk-in clinic.pdf (20)
Psychological and emotional symptoms in patients suffering from chronc fatigu...
Psychological and emotional symptoms in patients suffering from chronc fatigu...
Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mrs.docx
Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mrs.docx
Case Study Mrs. J. It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse.docx
Case Study Mrs. J. It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse.docx
Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mrs. J.,.docx
Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mrs. J.,.docx
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Explain the DSM is and how it defines a psychological disorder. P.pdf
Explain the DSM is and how it defines a psychological disorder. ***PSYCHOLOGY
Solution
Diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) describes about the mental health disorders.
Psychologists differentiate the mental disorders based on the principles of DSM. DSM-V defines
the present condition of psychological, biological dysfunction in an individual is due to
disturbances in emotional, social, behavioural mental functioning/condition of an individual..
Ethical egoism is a form of..benefit-harm theory. divine Command theo.pdf
Ethical egoism is a form of..benefit-harm theory. divine Command theory.. psychological
egoism. subjectivism
Solution
Ans:Ethical egoism is the idea that people have moral obligations only to themselves and that
they ought to pursue their own ends exclusively. An ethical egoist would say that one has no
duty to help others in need unless doing so happens to coincide with one\'s own needs. Because
ethical egoism prescribes actions, it is distinct from psychological egoism (discussed in the
previous selection by Joel Feinberg), which is a descriptive claim about the nature of people\'s
motivations.Rachels provides several arguments both for and against ethical egoism. The first
argument for ethical egoism is that we actually harm other people by looking out for their
interests. For example, we may misinterpret their interests and bungle attempts at help, or we
may intrude on other people\'s lives in ways that they dislike, or we may degrade others by
offering them handouts. But this justification of egoism is premised upon the value of the general
welfare precisely the thing that ethical egoism denies is important. Rather than claiming that only
one\'s own interests matter, this argument states that paying attention to one\'s own interests is
the most effective means to furthering the interests of everyone. It is thus an empirical claim
about the best way to benefit people generally, not a normative claim about whose interests
ought to count. A second argument for ethical egoism is that altruistic ethics (i.e., those that
require one to help others even without benefit to oneself) requires one to sacrifice oneself for
the benefit of others, and that were one to follow altruistic ethics one would have nothing to give
one\'s projects, goals, and relationships. But those things are precisely what make life valuable;
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So,Option A is correct..
Evolutionary theorists believe the need to belong is at the ________.pdf
Evolutionary theorists believe the need to belong is at the _________ level of analysis. a. Human
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Solution
Answer:-Optuin A (Human Nature)
Explanation :-Evolutionary theorists believe the need to belong is at the Human Nature evel of
analysis..
Describe the differences among dominance, incomplete dominance, codo.pdf
Describe the differences among dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, and
overdominance.
Solution
Dominant character: A character that expresses itself even in the heterozygous state in F1
generation is known as a dominant character. With such a character, the F2 ratio is a 1:2:1 and
F1 is a 3:1 ratio in case of mono hybrid cross.
Incomplete dominance: It is also known as incomplete or partial or a semi dominant condition ,
where none of the alleles are dominant or recessive over the other. This condition is
characterised where the F1 heterozygous do not show a single colour/ trait relative to one parent,
but express a phenotype that is intermediate to both the parents. For eg: if a red flower plant of
Mirabilis jalapa is crossed with the white ones, then the F1 will not be red or white but pink in
colour. In case where the pink F1 is crossed to obtain F2 a ratio of 1:2:1 is obtained with
red:pink:white in both genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Codominance : the co dominant alleles do not have a a dominant or recessive effect from one
another. Here, the heterozygous genotype gives rise to a phenotype that is very much different
from either of the parents. This can very well be seen in the ABO blood grouping system . The
chemical glycoproteins are controlled by three alleles out o which two IA and IB are co
dominant where as i is recessive to the other two at the ABO locus. The IAIA and IAi
individuals produce type A blood, and IBIB and IBi individuals produce type B blood, but IAIB
individuals show modifications on their blood cells and thus show type AB blood, so the IA and
IB alleles are said to be co-dominant.
Overdominance : this is the condition where the heterozygote phenotype does not lie in the range
of any of the homozygotes. For eg the sickle cell anaemic condition in humans. The individual
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such kind of effects..
Describe 3 ideas or techniques that describe how to make a web page .pdf
Describe 3 ideas or techniques that describe how to make a web page more accessible.
Solution
Please follow the data and description :
Increase the Accessibility of Various Websites :
In the stream of networking and computers the word accessibility is to be considered so as to
increase the availability. The Internet is an incredible resource and it has opened up exciting new
possibilities.
Some of the ideas or the techniques used to increase the accessibility are :
a) Text/Font for the display :
It is to be taken care that the text used is to be legible and can be understandable for every age
group and the people with sight defects.
b) Content :
The author needs to provide a text alternatives for any of the non text content so that it can be
changed into other forms by the people as needed such as large print, Braille, symbols or simpler
language.
c) Links/References :
Many hesitate to provide the links and the references for the data that they share as to make the
blog/site more helpful. But it is a bad idea as the people generally tend to search for knowledge
that are beyond their expectations so as to make the high readability over other sites. So it is a
good idea to make the links and the references available for the readers or the users.
d) Appearance :
To make the site more and more effecttive car needs to ben taken during the selection of the
themes and the colors so that the site looks attractive and makes teh reader to approach the same
link again and again so that they could be comfortable in making the knowledge.
Hope this is helpful..
Consider this C++ BankAccount class with the following public member.pdf
Consider this C++ BankAccount class with the following public member functions.
/* Constructs an object to represent a bank account.
*
* Parameter:
* double initial_balance -- the starting balance of the account
* /
BankAccount(double initial_balance);
/* Adds a certain amount the balance of the account.
*
* Parameter:
* double amount -- the amount to add to the balance
*
* Returns:
* nothing
*/
void deposit(double amount);
/* Subtracts a certain amount from the balance of the account.
*
* Parameter:
* double amount -- the amount to subtract from the balance
*
* Returns:
* nothing
*/
void withdraw(double amount);
/* Gets the balance of the account.
*
* Parameters:
* none
*
* Returns:
* double -- the balance of the account
*/
double get_balance();
(a) Which are the accessor function(s)?
(b) Which are the mutator function(s)?
(c) Create an object to represent a checking account with a starting balance of $1500.
(d) Provide a fragment of C++ code to perform this sequence of actions on the checking
account: deposit $100, print the balance, withdraw $250.
Solution
a) accessors
get_balance()
b) mutators
void deposit(double)
void withdraw(double)
c) BankAccount acc(1500.0);
d) acc.deposit(100.0)
acc.get_balance();
acc.withdraw(250.0).
Compared with the interior, which of the following changes is usually.pdf
Compared with the interior, which of the following changes is usually not associated with
edges? More light increased wind speeds decreased humidity decreased diurnal temperature
fluctuations all of the above are associated with edges of forests.
Solution
A forest edge or woodland edge is the transformation zone (ecotone) from an region of forest or
woodland to meadow or other open capacity is known as forest edges..
Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped.pdf
Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped viruses with class I
fusion glycoproteins. Experimental exposure to low pH (5.5) buffer will inactivate IFV, but not
MV. Based on this information, What can you infer about the entry pathways and mechanism of
two viruses?
Solution
Entry of virus in the host membrane includes a number of steps.
The entry pathway of Influenza virus is influenced by a fusion protein termed as hemagglutinin.
It is a trimeric glycoprotien present in multiple copies in the membrane envelope of influenza
virus. The structure of hemagglutinin contains a receptor binding sites, fusion peptide, a
metastable structure motif, and the transmembrane domain.
For the entry of IFV the first step involves the recognition of the host cell receptor molecules ,
terminal sialic acid by hemagglutinin. The attachment is multivalent in nature as the multiple
copies of trimetric hemagglutinin gets attached with the receptors on the membrane and triggers
endocytosis of the IFV. The virus is trapped in endosome and moves via a unidirectional
pathway towards nucleus of the host cell. At this position the pH of the endosome become acidic
and induces a dramatic conformational change in hemagglutinin to insert the fusion protein into
the host membrane (nucleus). It induces a juxtaposition of the two membrane and forms a fusion
pore that allows the release of the genome segment in the of the IFV. The genome then
undergoes translation in host cells and thus develop protein and in turns shows symptoms of
disease.
At low pH the hemagglutinin of IFV undergoes a conformational change which results in
exposure of a hydrophobic segment of the molecule which is crucial to expression of viral fusion
activity and thus inactivate the entry of the virus. For optimal expression of fusion activity the
virus must bound to the target membrane before exposure to low pH.
In case of measles virus (MV), like other paramyxoviruses (those which have single stand RNA
which are used as template for mRNA synthesis), for the fusion both the fusion protein (F) and
hemagglutinin (H) are required. These proteins are found on the viral surface in a regular array
of tightly packed spikes H tetramers and F timers. H proteins recognizes the receptors on the
target membrane as well as help the F protein in the fusion process which involves the insertion
of hydrophobic fusion peptide in the cell membrane. Unlike IFV, MV uses single protein , the
regulator of complement activation CD46 as its main receptors. CD46 is a type 1 transmembrane
protein which is expressed in four isoform. MV enters a cell by pH independent membrane
fusion at the cell surface. Binding of the H protein is believed to induce conformational change
of the H protein as well as that of the F proteins. The hydrophobic fusion peptide inside the F
protein is then exposed and inserted into the plasma membrane of the target cell. The structural
changes of the F protein then induce fusion of vir.
Are the structures present in the organisms or not Amswer Yes or No.pdf
Are the structures present in the organisms or not? Amswer Yes or No.
Structure
Claim
Squid
Earthworm
Grasshopper
Starfish
Lamprey
Triploblastic
Eucoelomate
Deuterostome
Limbs
External Ear
Reproduction Dioecious
Lungs
Dorsal Nerve Cord
Amniotic Egg
Placenta
Gall Bladder
Endoskeleton
Lobed Liver
Bony Skeleton
Swim bladder
Metanephric Kidney
3 Semicircular canals
Rectal Gland
Larynx/Syrinx
Tetrapod limbs
Double loop circulatory system
Feathers/hair
Homeothermic
Synapsid skull
Bony Operculum
Muscular Gizzard
Mammary Glands
Waterproof Skin
Closed Circulatory System
Claim
Squid
Earthworm
Grasshopper
Starfish
Lamprey
Ventricles
Keratin on Digits
4 Chambered Heart
Diaphragm
Radial Cleavage
Paired Kidney
Ridges in stomach
Spiral valve
Lungs honeycombed
Bilateral Symmetry
Heterodont Dentition
Vas deferens present
Egg Isolecithal
Rotational Cleavage
Pharyngeal/branchial pouches
Enucleated Red Blood Cells
Calcareous shells
Cranial nerves present
Structure
Claim
Squid
Earthworm
Grasshopper
Starfish
Lamprey
Triploblastic
Eucoelomate
Deuterostome
Limbs
External Ear
Reproduction Dioecious
Lungs
Dorsal Nerve Cord
Amniotic Egg
Placenta
Gall Bladder
Endoskeleton
Lobed Liver
Bony Skeleton
Swim bladder
Metanephric Kidney
3 Semicircular canals
Rectal Gland
Larynx/Syrinx
Tetrapod limbs
Double loop circulatory system
Feathers/hair
Homeothermic
Synapsid skull
Bony Operculum
Muscular Gizzard
Mammary Glands
Waterproof Skin
Closed Circulatory System
Claim
Squid
Earthworm
Grasshopper
Starfish
Lamprey
Ventricles
Keratin on Digits
4 Chambered Heart
Diaphragm
Radial Cleavage
Paired Kidney
Ridges in stomach
Spiral valve
Lungs honeycombed
Bilateral Symmetry
Heterodont Dentition
Vas deferens present
Egg Isolecithal
Rotational Cleavage
Pharyngeal/branchial pouches
Enucleated Red Blood Cells
Calcareous shells
Cranial nerves present
Solution
Structure Clam Squid Earthworm Grasshopper Starfish Lamprey Triploblastic Yes yes Yes
Yes Yes No Eucoelomate Yes Yes Yes No No No Deuterostome No No Yes Yes Yes No.
3. When and what was the first operating system which integrated sec.pdf
3. When and what was the first operating system which integrated security into its core function?
Solution
1)Multics was the first operating system used to integrate security as its core functions.
2)planning and development for Multics started in 1964, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
3)In 1970 GE\'s computer business including Multics was taken over by Honeywell.
4)Virtually all modern operating systems are heavily influenced by Multics.
Write an SQL statement to answer the question.Primary keys are( BO.pdf
Write an SQL statement to answer the question.
Primary keys are( BOLD and italicized) and attributes with the same names in different tables
are foreign keys.
Doctors(doctorId, doctorName, specialty)
Patients(patientId, patientName, sex, patientBalance, numberOfVisits)
Records(doctorId, patientId, date, diagnosis, visitCost)
1. For each doctor, list doctor identifier, doctor name and the total number of visits that were
administered by the doctor.
Solution
Answer:
select d.doctorId, d.doctorName, sum(p.numberOfVisits) from Doctors d, Patients p, Records r
where d.doctorId = r.doctorId and r.patientId = p.patientId group by d.doctorId, d.doctorName;.
You are running the Windows installation setup for Windows Vista on .pdf
You are running the Windows installation setup for Windows Vista on a computer. When you
are prompted to input username information, what fields are presented? (Choose three.)
A. Username
B. Password
C. Retype password
D. Computer name
Solution
A, B, and C. You are prompted to enter a username, to enter a password, to retype your
password, and to enter an optional password hint..
1.Based on current fossil evidenceSelect onea. whales were lik.pdf
1.Based on current fossil evidence:
Select one:
a. whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-like teeth or baleen
b. evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
d. a and c are correct
e. b and c are correct
2.Evolution occurs when:
Select one:
a. individuals in a population change in response to the environment
b. the average value of trait in a population changes from one generation to the next
d. Neither a or b is correct
3.New mutations:
Select one:
b. are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
c. are rare in a population
d. a and b are correct
e. all are correct
4.One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and Indohyus to cetaceans
is:
Select one:
a. the shape of a bone in the middle ear
c. the lack of hindlegs
d. peg-like teeth
5.The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
Select one:
a. are homologous traits
b. arose through convergent evolution
c. are the result of natural selection
d. b and c are correct
Solution
1.(b)evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic.
2. (b) evolution occurs when 1. Organisms produce more offspring than actually survive.,2.
Every organism must struggle to survive.,3. There is variation within a species.,4. Some
variations allow members of a species to survive and reproduce better than others.,5. Organisms
that survive and reproduce pass their traits to their offspring, and the helpful traits gradually
appear in more and more of the population.
3. (e) mutations are random with respect to their effects on fitness, necessary for natural selection
to cause evolutionary change and are rare in a population.
4..
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the normal probabi.pdf
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the normal probability distribution?
A) Positively-skewed
B) Bell-shaped
C) Symmetrical
D) Mean Mode and median are all equal
Solution
Positively-skewed is NOT a characteristic of the normal probability distribution
A) Positively-skewed
Characteristics of normal probabiity ditribution
1. The mean, median, and the mode are equal
2. It is Symmetrical
3. It is bell shaped.
Which addresses do Physical layer devices—such as repeaters and hubs.pdf
Which addresses do Physical layer devices—such as repeaters and hubs—examine in order to
make forwarding decisions?
A. Physical
B. Logical
C. Host
D. None of the above
Solution
Which addresses do Physical layer devices such as repeaters and hubsexamine in order to make
forwarding decisions?
ans : 4. none of the above.
What structure of the femur fits in the acetabular fossa Which Is s.pdf
What structure of the femur fits in the acetabular fossa? Which Is superior to the other: the
greeter electric notch or the lesser sciatic notch? The distal end of the tibia articulates with
which tarsal? The pelvic outlet spans the distance between the _____ of the left and right os
coxa.
Solution
2. Head of the femur is spherical and articulate with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone. 3. The
sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments links the each pelvic bone to the sacrum and
coccyx.these convert two notches on the pelvic bone into greater and lesser sciatic notches. So
grater sciatic notche is superior and lesser sciatic notche is inferior in position. 4. Lower surface
and medial malleolus of tibia articulates with talus to form a large part of ankle joint. 5. Pelvic
outlet distance between the inferior border of the body of the pubis, and inferior ramus of the
pubis on left and right is coxa..
What is HIPAA Why was it passed What arc the potential benefits to .pdf
What is HIPAA? Why was it passed? What arc the potential benefits to health care
organizations by complying with HIPAA standards? What arc the potential drawbacks?
Solution
HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
It was passed in 1996. It does the following:
Provides the ability to transfer and continue health insurance coverage for millions of American
workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs;
Reduces health care fraud and abuse;
Mandates industry-wide standards for health care information on electronic billing and other
processes; and
Requires the protection and confidential handling of protected health information
HIPAA was passed as it gave Congress a way to mandate the establishment of Federal standards
for the privacy of individually identifiable health information. When it comes to personal
information that moves across hospitals, doctors’ offices, insurers or third party payers, and State
lines, our country has relied on a patchwork of Federal and State laws. Under the patchwork of
laws existing prior to adoption of HIPAA and the Privacy Rule, personal health information
could be distributed—without either notice or authorization—for reasons that had nothing to do
with a patient\'s medical treatment or health care reimbursement. For example, unless otherwise
forbidden by State or local law, without the Privacy Rule patient information held by a health
plan could, without the patient’s permission, be passed on to a lender who could then deny the
patient\'s application for a home mortgage or a credit card, or to an employer who could use it in
personnel decisions. The Privacy Rule establishes a Federal floor of safeguards to protect the
confidentiality of medical information. State laws which provide stronger privacy protections
will continue to apply over and above the new Federal privacy standards.
Health care providers have a strong tradition of safeguarding private health information.
However, in today’s world, the old system of paper records in locked filing cabinets is not
enough. With information broadly held and transmitted electronically, the Rule provides clear
standards for the protection of personal health information.
There are many benefits to healthcare organizations for complying with HIPAA standards.
There are huge benefits of reducing paper in health care. There are alo benefits of standardizing
data, especially for the coordination of insurance benefits and payments. Also, this will make
health plan–specific reporting and filing requirements for hospitals and health care providers
unnecessary. Easier to maintain patients\' personal health information in a secure and
confidential manner.
HIPAA privacy rule also has a lot of benefits.
The HIPAA Privacy Rule has helped to create a culture of compliance within many healthcare
organizations. With the ever-changing environment of healthcare regulations, compliance is
imperative. This enabled different organizations to buil.
what are the similarties and difference between bacterial growth .pdf
what are the similarties and difference between bacterial growth and apical growth of
microorganisms
what are the similarties and difference between bacterial growth and apical growth of
microorganisms
Solution
Bacteria multiply by way of binary fission;it is a process in which each parent bacterium divides
into two daughter cells of same sizes.Bacteria growth follows in three phases,the lag phase when
cells adapt to new environment,log phase marking exponential growth and stationary phase when
nutrients get depleted.
Fungi,are capable of reproducing both sexually and asexually.They develop by branching and
fragmentation,while yeasts replicate through budding.Sexual reproduction happens when
specialized cells,gametes,unite to form a unique spore.Spores may also be produced on the tip of
hyphae asexually.Fragmentation takes place when cells of the hyphae split off to form a different
fungus.A single fungus cell may divide in two to form a new fungus in a process termed as
budding.Fungal hyphae extend continuously at their extreme tips, where enzymes are released
into the environment and where new wall materials are synthesised.The rate of tip extension can
be extremely rapid up to 40 micrometres per minute.It is supported by the continuous movement
of materials into the tip from older regions of the hyphae.So,fungal hypha is a continuously
moving mass of protoplasm in a continuously extending tube.This unique mode of growth -
apical growth which is the hallmark of fungi,and it accounts for much of their environmental and
economic significance.Apical growth enables fungi to extend into fresh zones of substrate.This is
especially important for growth on complex,insoluble polymers such as cellulose,because the
enzymes released from hyphae have a limited rate of diffusion.These enzymes create zones of
substrate erosion around the hyphae,but the tips can grow continuously out of these nutrient-
exhausted zones.For this reason,fungi are the major decomposers of organic matter and also are
efficient in capturing mineral nutrients in mycorrhizal associations.Apical growth gives
penetrating power.Hyphal tips can penetrate plant cell walls and insect cuticle,making fungi
important as plant and insect pathogens,and as the major degraders of physically hard materials
such as wood..
What are some examples of analog data What about digital dataS.pdf
What are some examples of analog data? What about digital data?
Solution
Analogue data use values that change very smoothly.
A good example of this is an analog clock. An analogue clock shows the time with a smoothly
moving seconds hand. The change is continuous.
Sound is also a good example of analog data.
Also, the electrical signal wave through a wire is an example of analog data.
Digital data is discrete data that is used to handle all sorts of digital media, including text,
graphics and audio. It only exists in two forms:
Some example of digital data:.
This problem is about Lebesgue Integration problem. Thank you fo.pdf
This problem is about \'Lebesgue Integration\' problem. Thank you for solving this problem..
Thanks a lot.. If lambda and mu are sigma-infinite and lambda
Solution
In mathematics, the integral of a non-negative function of a single variable can be regarded, in
the simplest case, as thearea between the graph of that function and the x-axis. The Lebesgue
integral extends the integral to a larger class of functions. It also extends the domains on which
these functions can be defined.
Mathematicians had long understood that for non-negative functions with a smooth enough
graph—such ascontinuous functions on closed bounded intervals—the area under the curve
could be defined as the integral, and computed using approximation techniques on the region by
polygons. However, as the need to consider more irregular functions arose—e.g., as a result of
the limiting processes of mathematical analysis and the mathematical theory of probability—it
became clear that more careful approximation techniques were needed to define a suitable
integral. Also, one might wish to integrate on spaces more general than the real line. The
Lebesgue integral provides the right abstractions needed to do this important job.
The Lebesgue integral plays an important role in the branch of mathematics called real analysis
and in many other mathematical sciences fields. It is named after Henri Lebesgue (1875–1941),
who introduced the integral (Lebesgue 1904). It is also a pivotal part of the axiomatic theory of
probability.
The term Lebesgue integration can mean either the general theory of integration of a function
with respect to a general measure, as introduced by Lebesgue, or the specific case of integration
of a function defined on a sub-domain of the real line with respect to Lebesgue measure.
The integral of a function f between limits a and b can be interpreted as the area under the graph
of f. This is easy to understand for familiar functions such aspolynomials, but what does it mean
for more exotic functions? In general, for which class of functions does \"area under the curve\"
make sense? The answer to this question has great theoretical and practical importance.
As part of a general movement toward rigour in mathematics in the nineteenth century,
mathematicians attempted to put integral calculus on a firm foundation. The Riemann
integral—proposed by Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866)—is a broadly successful attempt to
provide such a foundation. Riemann\'s definition starts with the construction of a sequence of
easily calculated areas that converge to the integral of a given function. This definition is
successful in the sense that it gives the expected answer for many already-solved problems, and
gives useful results for many other problems.
However, Riemann integration does not interact well with taking limits of sequences of
functions, making such limiting processes difficult to analyze. This is important, for instance, in
the study of Fourier series, Fourier transforms, a.
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- 1. Julie is a 52-year-old female who has come to a local walk-in clinic to discuss her COPD and specifically the problem she is having with exacerbations and time ‘off sick’. She is a heavy smoker, and her progressively deteriorating lung function suggests that she has moderate COPD, although she also has a history of childhood asthma, and had allergic rhinitis as a teenager. She has a sedentary office job and, although she is breathless on exertion, this generally does not interfere with her lifestyle. The relatively frequent exacerbations are more troublesome. They are usually triggered by an upper respiratory infection and can take a couple of weeks to recover. She has had three exacerbations this winter, and as a result her employer is not happy with her sickness absence record and has asked her to seek advice from her general practitioner. Julie is on a short-acting 2-agonist, although she rarely uses it except during exacerbations. In the past, she has used an inhaled steroid, but stopped that some time ago as she was not convinced it was helping. While auscultating Julie’s lungs, the nurse hears expiratory wheezes throughout. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 110/82; pulse 116; respiratory rate 39; oxygen saturation on room air is 88%. Recent spirometry showed a typical COPD flow-volume loop, although she had some reversibility (250ml and 20%) with a post-bronchodilator FEV1 of 60% predicted. Question:6 1. Explain some of the emotional and psychological issues Julie may experience. How can you as a nurse support Julie to help her cope with this situation? Support your answer with explanation, and references.References within 5 years. Solution Julie has been experiencing the relatively frequent exacerbations & these are more troublesome because they are triggered by an upper respiratory infection and can take a couple of weeks to recover due to chronic obstructive pulmonary syndrome (COPD). These effects have induced variable physiological effect sin Julie with change in breathing rate & heart rate as a result she may experience "COPD associated with psychiatric depression" & feelings of hopelessness and fatigue and sleeplessness. Finally, she is going to experience emotional issues such as "stress & anxiety" with feeling of weakness and lower consciousness to engage in enjoyable activities As a nurse, it is crucial to support Julie to help her cope with this situation by advising her to learn breathing techniques from a psychologist & respiratory specialist so that she can cope with emergency situation using pulmonary rehabilitation setting. The psychological issues can be rectified by advising her to take medication and treatment plan. The emotional issues can be stopped by advising her to participate in exercises along patients of COPD & asthma
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