The JP Movement was a nationwide movement led by Jayaprakash Narayan in 1974 against government corruption and misrule in India. It began as a movement in Bihar against the state government, demanding its resignation. JP spearheaded large protests and called for a "total revolution" to overhaul India's political system. The movement gained widespread support and also opposed the central government of Indira Gandhi. Though initially focused in Bihar, JP toured India gaining large crowds. The movement contributed to the Emergency declared in 1975 and the formation of the new Janata Party after its lifting.

1. JP MOVEMENT OF THE 1970s
A Short Presentation Made by :-
1. VIKAS KUMAR MEENA
BIOCHEMICAL ENGG.
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2. VIKAS KUMAR MEENA
MINING ENGG.
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2. CONTENT
 WHAT WAS JP MOVEMENT?
 GUJRAT UNREST.
 JP MOVEMENT.
 TOTAL REVOLUTION.
 ROLE OF REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES.
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES.

3. WHAT was JP MOVEMENT?
 JP Movement was a movement initiated by students in Bihar in 1974 and led by
the veteran Gandhian socialist Jayaprakash Narayan, popularly known as JP,
against misrule by and corruption in the government of Bihar. It later turned
against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's government in the central government.
 It was also called Sampoorna Kranti(Total Revolution Movement) and Bihar
Movement.
 In 1974, the Bihar agitations spiralled into massive protests by the people to
about a change in the political, social and educational system. At this juncture,
announced a fourfold plan of action that aimed to paralyze the administration,
introduction of Gram Swarajya and establishing people’s government.

4. GUJRAT UNREST
REASIONS
 100% rise in price of food grains.
 60% reduction in the central allocation of food grains.
 The food grains supplied were of poor quality and full of dust and small
stones.
 Students hostel bill for bad quality food increased by nearly 40% in the
month of december alone.

5. MAIN incident during unrest
 On 20 December 1973, students of L.D. college of engineering, Ahmedabad went on
strike in protest against a 20% hike in hostel food fees.
 The same type of strike also organised on 3 January 1974 at Gujarat
University resulted in clashes between police and students which provoked students
across Gujarat.
 An indefinite strike started on 7 January in educational institutions.
 Students, lawyers and professors formed a committee, later known as the Nav Nirman
Yuvak Samiti, to voice grievances and guide protests..
 A state wide strike was organised on 25 January 1974.
 The government imposed a curfew in 44 towns and the agitation spread throughout
Gujarat.The army was called in to restore peace in Ahmedabad on 28 January 1974.

6. DEMAND OF PROTESTERS
 Resignation of Chimanbhai Patel chief
minister of Gujrat.
 Dissolution of present government of
Gujrat.

7. RESULT OF NAV NIRMAN ANDOLAN
 Indira Gandhi asked Chimanbhai Patel to resign.
 Chimanbhai patel resigned on 9 February.
 On 16 March, the assembly was dissolved.

8. JP MOVEMENT
GENESIS
 On the heels of the Gujarat agitation and inspired by its success, a similar
agitation was started by students in Bihar in March 1974. Against the government
of bihar.
 The students, starting with the gherao of the assembly on 18 March, repeatedly
clashed with the over active police, leading to the death of twenty-seven people in
one week

9. JP MOVEMENT WAS SPEARHEAD BY
 College & University students and Unemployed Youths.
 Sarvodaya and Bhoodan workers.
 Activists and workers of non-Congress political parties participating
without their party banner.
 Professionals like teachers, journalists, advocates, doctors etc

10. ISSUES OF AGITATORS
 High Inflation.
 Rising unemployment.
 All pervasive corruption

11. JP INGRESS
 On 6 april , the president of the Patna university students 'union and some other
student leaders of the ABVP met jp and requested him to led the movement.
 JP said that “I won't agree to be leader only in name. I will take the advice of all,of the
students, the people, the jana sangharsh samitis.But the decisions will be mine and you
will have to accept them.
 On 8th April 1974 JP led a silent procession in Patna to protest against the police
excesses of the previous three weeks. To demonstrate its non-violent character ,those
participating bound their mouths with strips of cloth. At a large public meeting at
Patna.
 the next day JP declared that “for 27 years I have watched events unfold, but I can
stand on the sideline no longer. I have vowed not to allow this state of things to
continue”.

12. DECLARATION OF TOTAL REVOLUTION
 On 5th June, 1974, at the Gandhi Maidan in Patna, capital of the Indian state of
Bihar, he told people at a Patna rally to organize a protest at the Bihar Legislative
Assembly which resulted in the arrest of 1,600 agitators and 65 student leaders by
1 July 1974. He advocated a program of social transformation by participation of
youth in social activities. He called it Total Revolution (Sampurna Kranti)
Movement.
 JP himself told the Patna really on 5th june that Ever since I first gave the call of
Youth for democracy, I have been telling the youth that they should be their on
leder But friend insisted that I should accept the burden of leadership. I accepted
the task in all humility.

13. MAIN INCIDENT DURING MOVEMENT
 Two well known bihar writers, the poet nagarjun and the novelist phanishwar nath
renu, returned the awards and pensions granted to them by the government.
 There was a prolomged dharna or satyagraha compaign at the gates of the
assembly from 7 june to 12 july, when batches of satyagra his tried to prevent the
MLAs from attending the assembly. On 13 july there was a massive student
demonstration in front of the RAJ BHAWAN demanding closure of all colleges and
universities in Bihar for one year.

14. MAIN INCIDENT DURING MOVEMENT
 4 October .To forces the dissolution of the assembly ,he also called a three-day
Bihar bandh which was to paralyze life all over bihar .To achieve this , the running
of all trains was to be stopped during the three days of the bandh.
 On 6 October Demanding the resignation of MLAs started on 4 November, much
as the Nav Nirman movement had done, but 42 out of 318 MLAs had resigned
before that, including 33 from opposition parties. Many MLAs refused to resign

15. MAIN INCIDENT DURING MOVEMENT
 JP held another large really in Patna on 10th October where he declared that if the
assembly was not dissolved he would hold election for a ‘people’s assembly and
thus establish a parallel government.
 For the first time he also called upon Mrs. Gandhi to reign. Tough Increasingly he
had been sharpening his attack on her addressing the mass rally on 10 October he
said : The people have given their verdict.
 At last 95 percent of the people of Bihar have unmistakably demanded that the
present ministry and assembly in the state must go. If the prime minister refuses
to see the reality, I say it with full responsibility that she should quit her post, she
is unfit to be prime minister of a great country.

16. MAIN INCIDENT DURING MOVEMENT
 On 17 oct, he specifically announced that his objective was the removal of Indira
Gandhi from office.
 On 4 nov, JP led a 20000-strong procession to the secretariat to gherao the ministers
and demand resignation from them.in a lathi-charge, JP received a lathi blow and
would have been seriously hurt if others had not intervened and physically protected
him. he now gave another call for Patna bandh on 6 November.
 Demanding resignation of the Congress government in Bihar and dissolution of the
assembly, he asked the students and the people to put pressure on the existing
legislators to resign, paralyze the government, gherao the state assembly and
government offices, set up parallel people’s governments all over the state, and pay no
taxes

17. MAIN INCIDENT DURING MOVEMENT
 JP also decided to go beyond Bihar and organize a country-wide movement
against widespread corruption and for the removal of Congress and Indira Gandhi.
JP now repeatedly toured the entire country and drew large crowds especially in
Delhi and other parts of North India that were Jan Sangh or Socialist strongholds.
 The JP movement quickly spilled over into other parts of the country, mainly
because it drew upon the widely held feeling that only a shift in power and a new
beginning to our political life could salvage Indian democracy

18. MAIN INCIDENT DURING MOVEMENT
 JP quickly became a national figure drawing large and responsive crowds
everywhere. It has been estimated that his `march to Parliament' in March 1975
attracted 3,00,000 to 5,00,000 people. Calling for a total revolution in India.
 JP became an icon for various political groups fed up with three decades of
corruption, misrule and ineptitude of the Congress.

19. ROLE OF REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES & SANGH
 Patna University Students Union organized a convention which invited student
leaders from the whole state.They formed Bihar Chhatra Sangharsh Samiti
(BCSS) to spearhead the agitation.
 Lalu Prasad Yadav was chosen as a president. Among the several contemporary
youth leaders were Sushil Kumar Modi, Narendra Singh, Basisth Narayan Singh &
Ram Vilas Paswan

20. ROLE OF REGIONAL PARTIES & SANGH
 As organs of struggle , chhatra –sangharsh samitis were to be formed in every
collage and high school
 janta sanharash samitis (JSS) in every village and town from the panchayat to the
district level. They were in turn to set up Janata Sarkar's from village to the block
and district level.

21. ROLE OF REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES & SANGH
 The Janata Sarkar would be elected indirectly except at primary village level. Their
main function would be to prevent crime and maintain peace, adjusticate disputes
outside the framework of the police and thje courts, check black-marketing and
horsing and irregularities at ration shops, distribute essential commodities at fair
prices, distribute bhoodan land among the landless and ensure implementation of land
ceiling laws, fight against social evils such as dowry system and caste oppression , and
ensure treatment to harridans . In general the janta Sarkar's were to be ‘permanent
organs of people power’ ,through which people would ‘develop their own power to
become guardians of democracy’. To strengthen democracy at the grassroots , the
samities would also select the candidates for most of the seates in the assembly
election whenever they were held. For the remaining seats, the opposition parties
would have top agree among themselves and set up only one candidate on per
constituency.

22. ROLE OF REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES & SANGH
 For the organization of the protest movement ,JP relied on the bihar chhatra
sangharsh samite (bcss) and the local ,village ,town and city level chhatra
sangharsh samite (CSSs) which were to be directed by the BCSS.both the BCSS
and CSSs were beset with internal quarrels over leadership and direction,especially
between RSS-ABVP and non RSS-ABVP youth,JP also formed at the outset of his
campaign the bihar jana sangharsh samite (BJSS) as a non-student organization
but it remained inactive .Jana sangharsh samite (JSSs) were formed in most of the
towns and some villages, ‘but they were paper organization ‘.moreover , as bhola
chatterji, JP ‘s friend, admirer , and critic , has remarked : ‘As for the so-called
student –youth struggle committees, they were just so many collections of
adolescents who hardly be relied upon to work his will.

23. ROLE OF REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES & SANGH
 In part, this was due to the fact that the movement itself was a coalition of too
many disparate groups - the RSS, the Jan Sangh, the Anand Margis, naxal groups
and sundry hangers- on who were temporarily out of business - to provide a
credible alternative.

24. CONCLUSION (result of movement)
 The Emergency was lifted.
 Fresh elections were declared.
 Under Jayaprakash’s guidance several parties united to form the Janata Party.
 The party incorporated all of Jayaprakash’s goals in its manifesto.
 People hailed him as “Loknayak” or leader of the people.

25. REFERENCES
 IN THE NAME OF DEMOCRACY : JP MOVEMENT AND AND THE EEMERGENCY BY
“BIPIN CHANDRA” / 2003.
 Excerpted from 'Indira Gandhi, the "emergency", and Indian democracy' published
in Business Standard.Dhar, P. N. / 2000.
 India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics BY Krishna, Ananth V.
(2011).
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar_Movement.
 Swaraj and Sweepers: The JP Movement and the Future of Transformational Politics,
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL INQUIRY AND COMMUNITY STUDIES FACULTY OF ARTS
VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (2003).
 JP MOVEMENT, BADRI NARAYAN (1993).

26. Thank You!