Journalism as the fourth estate

1. JOURNALISM
THE FOURTH ESTATE

2. WHAT IS JOURNALISM?
Journalism refers to the activity of collecting, assessing, creating,
and presenting news and information.
How journalism is different from other forms of communication?
According to a survey conducted by a web security company Symantec,
there was an average of 175 million tweets each day in 2012, out of which
almost 99% were considered as “POINTLESS BABBLE”.
Journalism, on the other hand, provide people with verified information
which they can use to make better decisions, and its practices, the most
important of which is a systematic process – a discipline of verification –
journalists use to find not just the facts, but also the ‘truth about the facts’.

3. TYPES OF JOURNALISM

4. 1. PRINT JOURNALISM
 Print journalism means the process of news reporting through print
media such as newspapers, magazines, flyers, academic journals, books,
etc. Newspapers are the most significant print outlet to publish diverse
kinds of news together. A newspaper has many spaces to disseminate
different types of news, such as national, international, sports, editorial,
entertainment, etc.

5. TYPES OF PRINT JOURNALISM

6. There are a total of 22 kinds of print journalism-
ADVOCACY JOURNALISM.
Eg, Vaccination better way to combat COVID-19 than lockdown
AGRICULTURE JOURNALISM
Eg, Canadian farmers produce organic vegetables.
ARTS JOURNALISM
Eg, New art hub for Bournemouth.
CELEBRITY JOURNALISM
Eg, Lionel Messi joins P.S.G leaving Barcelona.
CRIME JOURNALISM
Eg, Haiti president Jovenel Moise killed.
DEFENSE JOURNALISM
Eg, The US troops return from Afganishtan.

7. ECONOMIC JOURNALISM
Eg, Lockdown hit the economy during the Eid ul Adha Festival.
EDITORIAL JOURNALISM
Eg, Effectiveness of the movement control order in Malaysia.
EDUCATION JOURNALISM
Eg, Education ministry advises conducting online classes until 2022 in Malaysia.
ENVIRONMENT JOURNALISM
Eg, Cyclone hits Bangladesh and death toll rises to 200.
FEATURE JOURNALISM
Eg, How to recover Facebook password?
FREELANCE JOURNALISM
Eg, How to earn money from facebook?
OPINION JOURNALISM
Eg, The importance of artificial intelligence in digital business.
INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM
Eg, September 11 attract: who and why?

8. LIFESTYLE JOURNALISM
Eg, Vogue brings new fashion at shop in 2021.
PHOTOJOURNALISM
Eg, The photo journalist.
POLITICAL JOURNALISM
Eg, Political crisis I
n Myanmar.
SPORTS JOURNALISM
Eg, Rio to allow fans for Brazil-Argentina final of Copa America.
TABLOID JOURNALISM
Eg, Lionel Messi joins P.S.G. (Paris Saint Germain Football Club).
WATCHDOG JOURNALISM
Eg, Washington Post’s coverage of Watergate scandal.
COMICS JOURNALISM
Eg, The block of newspaper containing satirical taunts about politics.
YELLOW JOURNALISM
Eg, Aliens steal neighbourhood puppies.

9. BROADCAST JOURNALISM
 Broadcast journalism means a process of reporting news and
information through TV and radio. Therefore, it includes TV and radio
journalism. TV news reporter, TV news presenter, and Interview
journalism falls under broadcast journalism.

10. DIGITAL JOURNALISM
 Digital journalism refers to collecting information and publishing them
via digital platforms such as blogs, Twitter, Instagram, and Linkedin. The
citizens are involved in collecting, processing, and reporting the news.
They generate content to convey messages to the society and the
community.
 The examples of Digital Journalism includes citizen journalism, YouTube
journalism, and blogging.

11. CITIZEN JOURNALISM
Citizen journalism is based upon public citizens playing
an active role the process of collecting, reporting,
analysing, and disseminating news and information.
On May 25, 2020, 46-year-old African American George
Floyd was killed by former Minneapolis police officer
Derek Chauvin, who arbitrarily imprisoned him and knelt
in his neck until he died asphyxiated.
The crime was recorded by 17-year-old witness Darnella
Frazier and replicated on the Facebook social network by
the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which
denounces public violence and imputiny for crimes
against African American citizens.
Example- Black lives matters
movement.

12. FUNCTIONS OF JOURNALISM
 TO INFORM
 Journalism intends to inform the
masses that include all reports, news,
and happening concerning their daily
lives. It covers news regarding
government, politics, foreign affairs,
weather, accident, business, labor,
education, etc.
 TO EDUCATE
 Journalism allows journalists to observe
any event, announcement, or theory of
any field and present it to the audience
clearly. It aimed at helping an
individual to achieve a better
understanding of the significances of
what he/she reads or hears.

13. FUNCTIONS OF JOURNALISM
 TO GUIDE OR INFLUENCE
 Journalism is known to guide or
influence men through printed words,
cartoons, pictures, videos, etc. For
instance, the newspapers strives to
influence its readers through its articles
of opinion, its editorials, its cartoons,
and its signed columns.
 TO ENTERTAIN
 It includes all kinds of fiction like comic
strips, stories amusing aspects of
everday life, etc. It also includes factual
material, sports news, theatre reviews
and hobby columns, which deals with
leisure.

14. “
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JOURNALISM IS A LITERATURE IN HURRY
-MATTHEW ARNOLD
THANK YOU!!