Non metallic denture base material / dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Non metallic denture base material / dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
In recent years, a great deal of interest in concrete leads to the most frequently used sustainable construction material. Using of natural fiber as fiber reinforcement effectively improved strength, ductility and durability requirements of high performance cement composites. Regretly, natural fibers are dumped as agricultural waste (e.g. coconut, bamboo, wood or chips, bast fiber, leaf fiber, seed and fruit fibers, etc), so can be easily available low cost. The applications of natural fiber for sustainable construction material design can be done as filler or masonry composites, reinforcement, thermal conductivity, cementations/binder, etc. Previous and current researchers focusing the natural fiber to improve the properties of lightweight composites still required a lot of investigations to make it improved. However, the present work consists of the availability of natural fiber waste substance, sustainable construction materials are evaluated for their physico-mechanical properties of sustainable construction materials, method of production and environmental impact of several materials. No doubt, the application of natural fiber provides a solution to conservation of natural resource and energy.
In the last decade or so dentistry has undergone a complete image makeover with dentists no longer being associated only with pain relief or disease management only. Today more and more patients seek dental treatment for restoring or even enhancing the smile. Pediatric dentistry with its unique challenge of managing little children has had overcome the traditional mindset of parents that deciduous teeth are temporary and they do not warrant treatment.
Greater awareness towards oral health as well as an understanding by the parents that decay in their child’s front teeth may rob the child of his/her smile has ensured that pediatric dentistry has jumped onto the “aesthetic bandwagon.”
Environmentally friendly polymer composites: our past, ongoing studies and fu...zenziyan
THE PLENARY PRESENTATION ON II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 'THE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF POLYMER MATERIALS OBTAINING AND PROCESSING' (TPM-2019) at November 06–08, 2019, LVIV, UKRAINE
Sustainable Building Materials in Kerala – An OverviewIDES Editor
Kerala, God’s own country is blessed with immense
natural resources. It’s high time that the state’s natural
resources being utilized effectively. While sustainable
development is the need of the hour, we have to take lead in
initiating activities that would minimize the exploitation of
our natural resources resulting in their effective utilization.
This paper narrates an overview of innovative building
materials especially using natural fibres available in Kerala
and discusses the feasibility of utilising such fibres in the
context of sustainable building materials in Kerala. The paper
also discusses how these materials can be effectively utilized
to reduce the huge investment in the construction industry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
In recent years, a great deal of interest in concrete leads to the most frequently used sustainable construction material. Using of natural fiber as fiber reinforcement effectively improved strength, ductility and durability requirements of high performance cement composites. Regretly, natural fibers are dumped as agricultural waste (e.g. coconut, bamboo, wood or chips, bast fiber, leaf fiber, seed and fruit fibers, etc), so can be easily available low cost. The applications of natural fiber for sustainable construction material design can be done as filler or masonry composites, reinforcement, thermal conductivity, cementations/binder, etc. Previous and current researchers focusing the natural fiber to improve the properties of lightweight composites still required a lot of investigations to make it improved. However, the present work consists of the availability of natural fiber waste substance, sustainable construction materials are evaluated for their physico-mechanical properties of sustainable construction materials, method of production and environmental impact of several materials. No doubt, the application of natural fiber provides a solution to conservation of natural resource and energy.
In the last decade or so dentistry has undergone a complete image makeover with dentists no longer being associated only with pain relief or disease management only. Today more and more patients seek dental treatment for restoring or even enhancing the smile. Pediatric dentistry with its unique challenge of managing little children has had overcome the traditional mindset of parents that deciduous teeth are temporary and they do not warrant treatment.
Greater awareness towards oral health as well as an understanding by the parents that decay in their child’s front teeth may rob the child of his/her smile has ensured that pediatric dentistry has jumped onto the “aesthetic bandwagon.”
Environmentally friendly polymer composites: our past, ongoing studies and fu...zenziyan
THE PLENARY PRESENTATION ON II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 'THE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF POLYMER MATERIALS OBTAINING AND PROCESSING' (TPM-2019) at November 06–08, 2019, LVIV, UKRAINE
Sustainable Building Materials in Kerala – An OverviewIDES Editor
Kerala, God’s own country is blessed with immense
natural resources. It’s high time that the state’s natural
resources being utilized effectively. While sustainable
development is the need of the hour, we have to take lead in
initiating activities that would minimize the exploitation of
our natural resources resulting in their effective utilization.
This paper narrates an overview of innovative building
materials especially using natural fibres available in Kerala
and discusses the feasibility of utilising such fibres in the
context of sustainable building materials in Kerala. The paper
also discusses how these materials can be effectively utilized
to reduce the huge investment in the construction industry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
REQUISITES FOR IDEAL DENTURE BASE MATERIAL
CLASSIFICATION
METAL DENTURE BASE
DENTURE BASE POLYMERS
RECENT ADVANCES
CONCLUSION
REFERANCES
"Beat Plastic Pollution" is a presentation by Dr. Amrit Krishna Mitra, Assistant Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Singur Government College, West Bengal, India. In this presentation he discusses the chemistry & history of Plastics, its benefits etc., as well as the detrimental effects of plastic on the environment, and finally ways towards the resolution.
https://www.sciencesg.com/scientificity/beat-plastic-pollution/
Tensile and Impact Properties of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composite MaterialsIJMER
This paper is a review on the tensile and impact properties of natural fiber hybrid composites.
Natural fibers are having good mechanical properties, high specific strength, low cost, bio-degradable
and easily can recyclable through thermal methods. In this paper two different hybrid composites were
manufactured by compression molding and properties of tensile and impact results are conducted as per
ASTM standards. In this project three different fibers such as sisal, jute and glass with thermosets epoxy
resin used with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 15:15:70.Results showed that sisal/glass hybrid composite
has more tensile and impact strength while comparing to sisal/jute hybrid composite.
Arch wire4 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Tooth Colored Restorative Materials describes in brief regarding the various materials used as cements and crown for loss of tooth structure either by caries or other factors like trauma, GERD, Abrasion etc
Impression materials/ rotary endodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
2. EVOLUTION OF DENTURE BASE MATERIALS FROM
PAST TO NEW ERA
Dr Sheejith M, Dr Swapna C, Dr Roshy George, Dr Niveditha S Prasad
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN:
2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 11 Ver. 11
(November. 2018), PP 23-27 www.iosrjournals.org
3. DEFINITIONS
DENTURE BASE : The part of a denture that rests on
the foundation tissues and to which teeth are attached
(GPT-9)
RESIN : A broad term used to describe natural or
synthetic substances that form plastic materials after
polymerization (GPT-9)
4. INTRODUCTION
Dentistry has begun about 3000 BC in Egypt.
As civilization progressed the quantity and quality of
useful materials changed accordingly .
For that, Materials should be biologically simple to
manipulate and technically controlled to develop a
prosthesis ,that is functionally effective and pleasing in
appearance.
5. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To review all the materials that were introduced in dentistry from 8th
Century to 20th Century.
To analyze the existing literature on denture base materials for
fabricating Complete denture and provide the reader with a
historical background, current status and future perspectives on the
emerging technology .
6. EVOLUTION
352 – 407 AD – “Talmund” By Hebrews
• Teeth were made of Gold, Silver and Wood.
• The dentures were hand carved and tied in place with silk thread .
(Has to remove them before eating ).
Upper and lower teeth were held together by steel springs.
7. Materials USED Before 18th Century
Wood, bone and ivory
8th Century – Japanese carved wooden dentures from sweet smelling
species like cherry and natural teeth were fixed with the help of
screws
“George Washington” former American President also had a set of
dentures made from wood
It is Hygiene Challenging due to moisture
1678 – 1761 – “Pierre Fauchard”
Developed a Dentures by measuring arches with a compass
8. Human teeth or teeth made from Hippopotamus or elephant ivory.
Advantage – Dimensionally stable than wood
Disadvantage – less aesthetic and Hygienic
Not readily available
expensive
1756 – Guerine & Frederick
Developed wax Impression technique
Ivory denture bases and Prosthetic teeth
Advantage – Stable in the oral environment
Aesthetic and Hygienic Compared to wood
9. Materials used in the 18th Century
Gold and porcelain
Etienne Bourdet – Used a golden base, punctuated with small holes much
like the socket of the teeth .
1974 AD – John Greenwood
made Gold bases for dentures
18 – 20 Carat gold alloyed with Silver and teeth were fitted to it
1774 – Alexis Duchateau
Fabricated porcelain dentures
1788 – Nicolas Dubois dechemant
Baked porcelain CD in a single block
• Advantage – Shaped Easily and stable
Has Intimate contact with underlying tissues
Minimal water sorption
Smooth surfaces and less porosity
low solubility
10. Disadvantage – Brittle
Difficulty in grinding and polishing
Materials used in the 19th Century
1.Tortoise shell.
2.Gutta-percha.
3.Vulcanite.
4. Aluminum.
5.celluloid.
11. 1808 – Giuseppangeio Fonzi
Individually baked porcelain teeth
Teeth were attached to the denture base by a small platinum hook
1839 – Charles Goodyear
developed Method of producing rubber
1851 – Nelson Goodyear
developed Process for making hard rubber or vulcanite(presence of
sulfur)
Disadvantage-displeasing appearance
Advantage –highly durable
economical
light weight
1854 – Loomis - First porcelain denture with artificial teeth
1855 – Charles Goodyear
Patent a process for making denture bases from vulcanite
12. 1850 – C.F Harrington
used Tortoise Shell base as the first thermoplastic denture
material
1851 – Edwin Trueman
used Gutta-percha as denture base
Disadvantage – Unstable
1868 – John Westley Hyatt
developed First organic plastic molding compound
eg: Cellulose nitrate or celluloid
1888 – Carroll
developed a Method for Casting Aluminum base under Pressure
1890 – Charles H Land
developed a Porcelain dentures with platinum bases known as
continuous gum dentures
13. Materials used in the 20th Century
1909 – Dr. Leo Bake land
developed Phenol formaldehyde resin(Bakelite)
• Advantage – Easily available
• Disadvantage – Lacks Color quality
Repair difficulties
1907 – Haynes
Nickel chromium and Cobalt chromium
1930 – a Mixture of polymerized vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate were
made.
1935 – Resins were developed from a reaction between glycerin and
phthalic anhydrite.
1936 – Rohm Hass
PMMA in the form of transparent sheet
14. 1937 – Du dout de Nemours.
PMMA in powder form
First acrylic- vernonite
1937 – Wright – Methyl methacrylate
Clinically fulfilled all the requirements of an ideal denture base
material
1942 – Charles Dimmer
Vinyl acrylic copolymer (luxene 44)
Poly styrene (jectron)
1950 – Nylon introduced as denture base material
• Disadvantage – Poor ability to resist oral condition
Swelling of denture base due to absorption of moisture
1968 – Masamishinishi
developed the Use of microwave energy to polymerize
acrylic denture base at 400 watt ,2.5 mints.
15. 1947 – Chemical activators(Dimethyl-p-toluidine)were used to induce denture
base polymerization at room temperature (Cold curing or self curing )
Advantages of PMMA- 1.economical.
2.simple processing technique.
3.stable colors.
4.adequate strength.
5.free from toxicity.
Disadvantages of PMMA-1.residual monomer allergy
2.poor mechanical strength
3.low fatigue strength
4.high coefficient of thermal expansion
5.polymerization and thermal shrinkage
16. CLASSIFICATION OF DENTURE BASE RESINS
A.Based on metallic contend present
Non Metallic-Acrylic resins ,vinyl resins
Metallic-Cobalt chromium,gold alloys, stainless steel
B.Based on durability
Temporary-Base plate wax ,injection molded resins
Permanent-heat cure denture resins, light cure resins
C.ADA classification
Type 1-heat polymerizable polymers
Type 2-auto polymerizable polymers
Type 3-thermoplastic powders
Type 4-light activated materials
Type 5-microwave-cured materials
17. POLYMERIZATION – CHEMISTRY
A.Condensation polymerization .
B. Addition polymerization.
PROPERTIES OF PMMA
1. Tasteless and odorless
2. Esthetics
3. best wear resistance
4. low strength
5. Good dimensional stability
6. Water sorption
7. Solubility
8. Color stability
9. Biocompatibility
19. New Era in denture base resins
Different fiber types were added to acrylic resins to improve physical and
mechanical properties.
1990 – Berrong
Use of 2% by weight Kevlar Reinforced Fibers were added to increase
the fracture resistance of PMMA
1996 – Vanramos
1- Effect of Carbon fiber
2- Silane treated glass fiber
3- Polyethylene fiber
To Increase the strength of PMMA
20. Patient hypersensitive to PMMA – Light activated indirect composite containing
methane di methacrylate (UDMA)
Addition of hydroxyl appetite fillers and Al2O3 in the ratio 2.2:1 increases
fracture toughness.
Addition of triphenyl bismuth – Provide radiopacity.
Thermoplastic resins fully polymerized basic material is softened by heat
(without chemical changes)
Injected to make denture base
2004 – Paul franklin
Found out that Addition of glass flakes increases fracture toughness up to 69%
21. 2007 – Mesopourous silica (MCM 48)
Used as reinforcement agent for PMMA .
High mechanical and thermo physical properties.
2017 -0.4% Tio2 Nanoparticles into a 3D printed denture base.
It Increases Antibacterial & Mechanical properties.
2018 – “Malvika Nagrath” Stated that PCL-PMMA surface are capable of
releasing the drug on sustained time periods and was able to reduce candida
albicans colonization
• In CAD - CAM fabrication of denture bases are milled from fully polymerized
acrylic resin.
Increased retention due to less shrinkage, reduced denture related traumatic
ulcer and Decreased manual errors
22. RECENT ADVANCES IN DENTURE BASE RESINS
1.Reinforced resin
2.Hypo allergic resins
3.Resin with modified chemicals structures
4.Thermoplastic resins
23. SUPPORTING ARTICLE
1.Evolution of denture base materials
S. K. Khindria, Sanjeev Mittal, Urvashi Sukhija
Discussion
Currently researches are going on to incorporate various materials
to increase the strength of PMMA resins.
The approach to strengthening the acrylic resin prosthesis had
included modification or reinforcement of acrylic resin denture
base materials with fibers.
Different fiber types have been added to acrylic resin to improve
physical and mechanical properties.
Larson(1991),Sonit(1991),Van Ramos(1996) evaluate the effect of
carbon fiber ,silane treated glass fiber and polyethylene fibers in
increasing the strength of PMMA.
24. 2.Monomer Modifications of Denture Base Acrylic Resin: A
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
R. Ajay, K. Suma1, Syed Ashraf Ali
Discussion
Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most commonly used denture base
material for the past 60 years.
The use of alternative materials with considerable improvement in
strength would resist the denture fracture.
PMMA resin with antimicrobial properties would be ideal to improve the
patient quality of life.
25. MODIFICATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE
1.Fluromonomers
Water shedding property(because of fluoride ions).
So water absorption will be less(hydrophobicity).
Decreased microbial adhesion.
2.Methacrilic acid(MMA)
It also decreases microbial adhesion.
3.Itaconate monomers
Results in Copolymerization.
Decrease in residual monomers due to increase in degree of conversion
of the monomers to polymeric units.
26. PROS OF THE ARTICLE
1. Provide the reader with a clear picture of historical background
2. Explains about the current status of denture base resins
3. Clear picture of various developments that have taken place in this field
CONS OF THE ARTICLE
1.Review about other denture base material other than acrylic is not mentioned
2.Lack of future perspectives on the emerging technology
27. CONCLUSION
The transition from naturally occurring materials to the application of
synthetic resins in denture construction indicates the extend of development
taking place.
The ability to manufacture complete denture using computer aided
technology has untold educational ,investigational and clinical possibilities for
the future.