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Evaluation of a Survey Instrument
   to Assess Workplace Psychosocial
   Hazards       John Oudyk MSc CIH ROH
                            Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers,
                            Hamilton, Ontario, Canada


Abstract:
 A group of unions in Ontario, Canada expressed interest in using
  the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) to
  measure psychosocial hazards in the workplace.
 Factor analysis was used to compare the derived factor structure
  with the original dimensions.
 Multiple variable linear regression techniques were used to model
  the symptom scores
 The risk factors most frequently associated with symptom scores
  were: working at a high pace, dealing with emotionally disturbing
  situations, and bullying.
Background:
        During stakeholder consultation meetings,
numerous unions indicated workplace stress was a
common issue reps were dealing with in their day-to-
day work. A working group was established to explore
different tools and strategies to address workplace
psychosocial hazard (called the Mental Injuries Tool
Group or MIT). The Copenhagen Psychosocial
Questionnaire (COPSOQ) was selected as a tool to use
to measure workplace stress. Three unions agreed to
pilot the survey at their union conferences:

USW HS&E Conference, Vancouver, April 2011 (210 attendees)
  159 responses (76%)
OPSEU BPS Conference, Toronto, June 2011 (180 attendees)
  153 respondents (85%)
CAW Women’s Conference, Port Elgin, August 2011 (160
  attendees) 160 respondents (100%)
Factor analysis:
  Trust in          Justice and                     Quality of        Supervisor
management            respect                       leadership       social support

                   Recognition
Predictability
                   and reward
                                                           Role clarity
Commitment
to workplace

Meaning of         Possibility for                          Influence
  work             development



                 Emotional           Quantitative
                                                         Work pace
                  demands             demands
Comparison of exposure
            categories
                        model coefficients of determination (r2(adj))

                                                COPSOQ         factor
                      individual    COPSOQ    dimensional     analysis
   symptoms           questions    dimensions categories      factors
           burnout     27.8%        27.7%         27.3%        24.9%
             stress    30.8%        29.7%         27.8%        27.3%
     sleep troubles    12.9%        13.7%         11.1%         8.9%
 somatic symptoms      15.5%        13.8%         11.2%        10.1%
cognitive symptoms     17.1%        16.1%         15.3%        13.6%
      all symptoms
          (summed)     29.9%        28.9%         26.0%        25.3%
Conclusions:
1.   Worker representatives found the questionnaire easy to fill
     out, not too long and considering the questions was found to
     be educational
2.   The factor structure was reasonably similar to the designed
     structure – the groupings of dimensions however did not
     correspond well to the original groupings
3.   Surprisingly the differences in symptom experience between
     sectors and unions was minimal although the risk factors
     reported between sectors was quite varied
4.   Regression analysis indicated risk factors consistent with
     theory and literature
5.   This pilot administration of the COPSOQ survey at union
     conferences was deemed to be a success and will now be used
     by unions to measure workplace stress in workplaces

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John Oudyk - Evaluation of a Survey Instrument to assess Workplace Psychosocial Hazards

  • 1. Evaluation of a Survey Instrument to Assess Workplace Psychosocial Hazards John Oudyk MSc CIH ROH Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Abstract:  A group of unions in Ontario, Canada expressed interest in using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) to measure psychosocial hazards in the workplace.  Factor analysis was used to compare the derived factor structure with the original dimensions.  Multiple variable linear regression techniques were used to model the symptom scores  The risk factors most frequently associated with symptom scores were: working at a high pace, dealing with emotionally disturbing situations, and bullying.
  • 2. Background: During stakeholder consultation meetings, numerous unions indicated workplace stress was a common issue reps were dealing with in their day-to- day work. A working group was established to explore different tools and strategies to address workplace psychosocial hazard (called the Mental Injuries Tool Group or MIT). The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) was selected as a tool to use to measure workplace stress. Three unions agreed to pilot the survey at their union conferences: USW HS&E Conference, Vancouver, April 2011 (210 attendees) 159 responses (76%) OPSEU BPS Conference, Toronto, June 2011 (180 attendees) 153 respondents (85%) CAW Women’s Conference, Port Elgin, August 2011 (160 attendees) 160 respondents (100%)
  • 3. Factor analysis: Trust in Justice and Quality of Supervisor management respect leadership social support Recognition Predictability and reward Role clarity Commitment to workplace Meaning of Possibility for Influence work development Emotional Quantitative Work pace demands demands
  • 4. Comparison of exposure categories model coefficients of determination (r2(adj)) COPSOQ factor individual COPSOQ dimensional analysis symptoms questions dimensions categories factors burnout 27.8% 27.7% 27.3% 24.9% stress 30.8% 29.7% 27.8% 27.3% sleep troubles 12.9% 13.7% 11.1% 8.9% somatic symptoms 15.5% 13.8% 11.2% 10.1% cognitive symptoms 17.1% 16.1% 15.3% 13.6% all symptoms (summed) 29.9% 28.9% 26.0% 25.3%
  • 5. Conclusions: 1. Worker representatives found the questionnaire easy to fill out, not too long and considering the questions was found to be educational 2. The factor structure was reasonably similar to the designed structure – the groupings of dimensions however did not correspond well to the original groupings 3. Surprisingly the differences in symptom experience between sectors and unions was minimal although the risk factors reported between sectors was quite varied 4. Regression analysis indicated risk factors consistent with theory and literature 5. This pilot administration of the COPSOQ survey at union conferences was deemed to be a success and will now be used by unions to measure workplace stress in workplaces