2. An Overview of Operating Manual for Career
Services Center in Higher Educational
Institutions in Ethiopia
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It is a center where students who are in an apprehensive state or worried or
stressed about their career prospects and future life, come to acquire help and
assistance.
Ethiopia is a young country and 70% of its populations are categorized as youth.
This is the huge advantage of young human capital that Ethiopia possesses
compared to many countries in the world that have an ageing population.
However, the country needs to create and generate jobs for these youth to be
productive and contribute effectively to the GDP.
The jobs commission of Ethiopia has set themselves a target of creating 3 million
jobs by 2019/20, 14 million jobs by 2025 and 20 million jobs by 2030.
Overview
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A survey estimates that 76% of youth seeking a job use centrally located job
boards, travels an average of 5.6 kms and spends 25% of the budget on
transportation.
So while the country is gearing up to create jobs the important question is whether
the youth and more importantly the educated youth are ready to transition from
academia to the professional world.
According to Ethiopia’s National Employment Policy and Strategy (NEPS) in a
published paper in 2009, employment generation has two important dimensions -
the demand and supply side of job creation.
The first dimension (the demand side of job creation) refers to the ability of the
economy to create jobs for various skill categories as per the requirement of the
economy.
Cont…
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This is being addressed by the Government through its Jobs Creation
Commission.
The second dimension (the supply side of job creation) deals with whether or not
the skill levels of available pool of persons match with the type of skill that the
economy requires.
This is where the institutes of higher education play a vital role in not only just
equipping the student with academic knowledge but also by guiding and
training them to become employable.
Ethiopia’s economy is developing and increasingly linking with the outside
world.
The growth of the private sector, including foreign firms established in the
country, has been accompanied by the arrival of new firms and market
competition.
Cont…
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From the employers’ point of view, the problem is the same seen
through the other end of the lens.
They perceive a labour market with a surplus of unemployed young
people, but with a deficit in the skills they need.
Therefore, the role of a career service center in institutions of higher
education in Ethiopia is critical to meet this need gap and make the
youth employable hence helping tackle the unemployment
challenge.
Cont…
7. A career center, popular at universities and colleges, is a center of expert
counselors who help students specifically prospective graduates to make
informed about career choices.
It is a center organized to provide counseling services for students in
making them aware of the professional world and act as a bridge between
the graduates and potential employers.
To provide career counselling services:
To make;
Career,
Educational,
Life decisions.
In the big picture, it will help to produce students with high employability
skills which directly contribute to the youth unemployment problem in
Ethiopia.
Career Center
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8. Available Services
Career Clinic- career/employment counselling
Resources Center (both offline and online information)
Career plans, soft skills and job search skills
CV and cover letter writing
Tips for Great Job Interviews
Effective Job Hunting skills.
Introducing with E:mail address, LinkedIn and job searching websites
Career Center
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10. Getting hired with preferable job, ability to maintaining job and being successful
in work performance are important factors for “working life” to most people.
That could be one of the reasons to make a wrong decision for “job option”
without having clear self-understanding.
Some evidence proved that when people are choosing a job that base only on
salary or in-come factor, it will primarily result in working unhappily and cannot
retain the job in a longer period.
Perhaps such individuals have not made enough exploration between interests,
skills, job satisfaction and own values.
If you work on what you do not like, stress, and cannot fully implement; thus, the
result could be worse for your health and happiness in life.
The most important thing is to chose a job that you like the most and can provide
enough income for a living.
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12. I. Identifying Your “Likes” and “Dislikes” for a job
II. Understanding Goal, Compassion, Principles & Abilities
III. Searching for an Ideal Job
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According to 10 Insider Secrets to a Winning Job Search
Some Criteria For Choosing The Most Suitable Job For Jobseekers
13. Identifying Your “Likes” and “Dislikes” for a job
1. What type of job or study do you like the most
2. What are the reasons that make you like the job?(e.g. freedom at work,
incentives, travelling, colleagues or teamwork..)
3. What type of boss or teacher that you like the most?
4. What type of personality of boss or teacher that you like the most?(e.g.
appreciation, advise, open-minded, friendly
5. What type of job or major of study you do not like
6. What are the reasons that make you do not like? (e.g. bureaucracy, incentive,
job description, and working hours
7. What type of boss or teacher you do not like?
8. What type of personality of boss or teacher you do not like? (e.g. narrow
minded, agressive and unkind...
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Some Criteria For Choosing The Most Suitable Job For Jobseekers
14. Understanding Goal, Compassion, Principles & Abilities
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Some Criteria For Choosing The Most Suitable Job For Jobseekers
What is the main goal of your life? (e.g. helping others, motivating
people, solving problems in society, teaching...)
What is your compassion? (e.g. creative, competitive, travelling,
entertaining, and freedom...)
What is your core principle? (e.g. honesty, integrity, success oriented,
family oriented...)
What are your abilities? (e.g. teacher, medical doctor, salesperson,
accountant, architect, engineer...)
15. Searching for an ideal job
Crucial Role In Evaluating Job Selection Process Include:
Enterprise
Career Path
Working Structure
Working Hours
Travelling (Working Mission)
Working Environment
Workplace And Benefits
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Some Criteria For Choosing The Most Suitable Job For Jobseekers
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Some Criteria For Choosing The Most Suitable Job For Jobseekers
Occupation Sector Enterprise/Company
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Some Criteria For Choosing The Most Suitable Job For Jobseekers
career path
working structure working hours
Travelling
(working mission)
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Some Criteria For Choosing The Most Suitable Job For Jobseekers
Determine the types of jobs that fit you
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Sources Of Jobs
.
Where should I
find jobs
It’s hard to decide which career
path should I pursue?
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Sources Of Jobs
1) Networking: friends, family,
school, workplace...
2) Campus recruitment
3) Job information in university
4) Newspapers, bulletins and
classified ads
5) Online job search
(company/recruitment web-
site, public/ private recruitment
agencies)
6) Mobile job apps
7) Sending e-mail, cool calling
8) Job centers
9) Career fair and employment
forum
10)Professional associations
11)Volunteering associations
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Sources Of Jobs
Major Links/Tips To Find A Job
1. Ethio Job.net
2. Ezega
3. Qefira Jobs
4. Jumia Jobs
5. Employ Ethiopia
6. JOBS.ET
7. M jobs
8. Nile jobs
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Job hunting tools
Curriculum vitae
Curriculum Vitae (CV), also called ré-sumé, is a document telling about back-
ground of studies, work experience, skills and career of an individual.
People can make good use of CV by introducing themselves to employers
while applying for a job.
CV is also play as a tool to draw employers‟ im-pression on jobseekers,
CV for job application may limit to only two or three pages.
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Job hunting tools
• Postgraduate studies
• Academic positions
• Professional programs
• Graduate school
• Scholarships
• Honor societies
• Fellowships
• Research experiences
• Research grants
• Other opportunities
You might use a cv to apply for:
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Job hunting tools
Keys when write cv
I. Make it simple by highlighting some important points to be easily read and
look attractive.
II. Make it concrete to the points and objectives.
III. Use simple and easy understanding sentences, and make special impression to
employers.
IV. Write only the most relevant points/factors to the job being applied.
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Job hunting tools
What Should Be Included in CV?
1. Personal Information-Personal information basically explain about a person in the CV and how to
contact that person includes: name, address, telephone numbers, e-mail, etc.
2. Purpose-a job you intend to apply so that employer understand about your job interests or career
planning while working with a company; you should make it as long as two or three lines only.
3. Work Experience-Perhaps, this section is the most important of all, even though
individuals‟experience may differ depending on working background. Please describe each work
experience including: date, name of company, location, positions in charge, and activities or
achievements in relation to each position. Work experience should be listed in chronological order
from the most recent jobs to the oldest ones
4. Education-Education can be regarded as the second most important section in the CV after work
experience. lease provide date, name and location of schools or universities completed, including
information regarding qualifications or degrees achieve
5. Awards-In case you have ever received any awards from school, you should include all of them in
order to reflect some good commitments and your outstanding experience among other students.
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Job hunting tools
What Should Be Included in CV?
6. Other Activities-You might have done some extra-curricular activities for an institution,
university club, part-time job while you were a student.
7. Other Skills-Please describe about all kinds of training attended, including foreign
languages and computer skills, soft skills, etc. It will enhance additional value to your CV and job
application if you can connect these skills to job requirements
8. Interests/Hobbies-You can add activities of your interests and hobbies such as reading books,
music, sports, entertaiment, and social activities.
9. Additional Information-You should express about personal feelings and contribution that you
want to take part in the job that you are applying. If possible, please try to reflect about your
personality, values and previous achievements.
10.Reference-You should provide names and contacts of two referees so that employer can ask to
confirm any necessary information. Referees should be the persons who know you personaly and
be able to explain to employer about your closest relevance.
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Job hunting tools
Cover Letter
Cover letter plays a key role to enhance the contents of CV, and draw
first attention from employers or human resources managers to view the
CV, and/or deciding to provide interview opportunity for an applicant.
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Job hunting tools
Cover Letter
Purpose in the cover letter should include some of the followings:
Do self-introduction with real identity and position (or status).
Highlight about qualifications, experience, skills and
achievements.
Show your personal values that will make good contribution to the
company.
Try to draw the first impression of employer to further review
your CV.
Try to encourage employer to agree with providing an opportunity
to meet for an interview
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Job hunting tools
Cover Letter
Components in Cover Letter
o Personal information
o Date of the letter
o Address and contact of the company
o Section1: explain about purpose of the cover letter
o Section2: explain about your strong points to contribute to the
work
o Section3: explain about expectation or intention to meet for an
interview
o Thanking employer (signed and name
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Job Interview
Preparation Before the Interview
1) Time Management
If you cannot manage yourself to arrive at the interview place
ten minutes earlier, meaning you give up the chance already.
So, as long as you are informed about the interview venue, you
should think about distance, travelling time, mean of
transportation, possible ways to reach, and any unexpected
obstacles or traffic problem. If you arrive earlier, it is good that
you can associate yourself to the interview atmosphere; in
case, there might be some important information/notices you
can look at to enhance your knowledge about the company.
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Job Interview
Preparation Before the Interview
2) Dress Codes
prepare yourself in a very smart way, so that
employers‟ first impression will be strong enough
to judge you as a responsible person and good
human resource for the company. You need to
avoid at all time wearing casual dress like jeans or
T-shirt to go for an interview
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Job Interview
3) What to Bring along During the Interview?
1. An invitation letter to the interview which specifies time, location and contact.
2. Job announcement (refers to detail contents and requirements in announcement)
3. CV and cover letter (in case you have applied to different jobs which used different forms of CVs
and cover letters).
4. Achievements of previous job (if applicable) such as: proof documents of customer satisfaction,
key reports you have written, success stories, supports from the public or media, and documents
of events you have organized...)
5. Information about company (prior to interview date, you should do some research about
company, including: background, mission, priority activities, achievements, working progress,
reports, partnership and future plan, etc. If you are well prepared and provided best answers,
employers will give high marks to you).
6. Some paper, pen and pencil; in case you need to write something.
7. Telephone (in case you want to call and ask for location, inform about being late, or any urgent
matters).
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Job Interview
Flow of Job Interview
1. Start with greetings by employers or interviewers. It may take a few minutes so
that interviewee feel relax before next steps.
2. Then, interviewers will begin to ask some general questions that commonly apply
to all interviewees, such as: self-introduction, experience of applying for job...
3. Next step, the questions will specifically focus on interviewees base on what are
written in the CV and cover letter; for example, why you are urgently looking for
job?
4. Some questions might be asked back and forth, if the interviewers really want to
further understand about an interviewee.
5. Last but not least, interviewers may explain once again about the job including: job
description and requirements; then follow by some returned questions from
interviewees.
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Job Interview
After job interview
You must continue to do two important tasks:
1. Writing thanking letter to interviewer;
Try to remind the interviewer of who you are. It sounds like you
are doing another marketing to sell your skills.
You can have another chance to briefly add some missing points
or some-thing that you forgot to mention during the interview.
The letter also shows about your morality, respect and
willingness to work
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Job Interview
After job interview
2. Making notes of what has happened during the interview.
Name of interviewers and individuals met during the interview.
Questions or points you felt that answers were not enough. So, you can
prepare them once again.
Questions that you have doubt, or the interviewers did not ask yet.
Points you wish to explain but never had enough time to do so.
Points that seems so much attractive to the interviewers.
The greater the number of contacts and interviews a job seeker has, the
greater the number of job offers.
It makes sense to use multiple strategies!
