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Physiology
Microteaching
JUXTA GLOMERULAR
APPRATUS
AND
TUBULOGLOMERULAR
FEEDBACK
MECHANISM
CONTENTS
 JUXTA GLOMERULAR
APPRATUS(JGA)
 FUCTION OF JGA
 TUBULO GLOMERULAR
FEEDBACK MECHANISM
JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPRATUS
▶ JGAis a combination of specialized
tubular and vascular cells located near
the glomerulus of each nephron
▶ JGAis formed by three different
structures
1. Macula densa cells
2. Extra glomerular mesangial cells
3. Juxtaglomerular cells
JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPRATUS
MACULA DENSA
▶These are specialized renal tubular epithelial
cells.
▶ Situated between afferent & efferent
arterioles of the same nephron.
▶Macula densa plays important role in tubulo-
glomerular feedback mechanism.
▶ These cells are not innervated.
EXTRAGLOMERULAR
MESENGIAL CELLS
▶These cells are also called agranular
cells,lacis cells
▶These cells are situated in the triangular
region bound by afferent arteriole ,
efferent arteriole & macula densa cells
▶ These cells play important role in the
regulation of glomerular filtration by
their contractile property
▶ These cells are phagocytic in nature
JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS
▶Myoepithelial cells(modified vascular
smooth muscle cells) called JG cells
▶ Also called granular cells because
presence of secretory granules in their
cytoplasm
▶ JG cells are well developed golgi
apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
and ribosomes
▶ JG cells act as baroreceptors and
innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers
FUCTION OF JGA
▶ Primary function of JGAis secretion of
hormones
It also regulates blood flow and GFR
Secretion of hormone-
1. Renin
2. Prostaglandins
 Renin-
▶ It is a peptide with 340 amino acids
▶ Along with angiotensin , renin forms RAAS
▶ Plays an important role in the maintainace of
blood pressure
 Prostaglandin
▶ Secreted by interstitial cells of medulla
 JGAsecretes cytokines like interlukin-2 and tumor
necrosis factor.
REGULATION OF GLOMERULAR
FLOW AND GFR
▶Macula densa of JGAplays
important role in feedback
mechanism called
tubuloglomerular feedback
mechanism which regulate the
renal blood flow and glomerular
filtration rate
TUBULOGLOMERULAR
FEEDBACK MECHANISM
▶ Tubuloglomerular feedback is the
mechanism that regulate GFR through
renal tubule & macula densa
▶Macula densa detects the NaCl
concentration via Na+ K+ 2Cl-
Cotransporter
▶ Adenosine acts on afferent arteriole via
adenosineA1 receptors
FACTORS AFFECTING THE
SENSTIVITY OF TGF
INCREASE
▶ ADENOSINE
▶ THROMBOXANE
▶ PROSTAGLANDIN
DECREASE
▶ ANP
▶ PROSTAGLANDIN
▶ CYCLIC AMP
▶ NITROUS OXIDE
• INCREASE IN GFR
• INCREASE IN NACL CONCENTRATION IN RENALTUBULE
• DETECTION OF NACL BY MACULADENSA
• ADENOSINE
• CONSTRICTION OFAFFERENTARTERIOLE
• DECREASE IN GLOMERULAR BLOOD FLOW
• TUBULOGLOMEULAR FEEDBACK
• WHEN GFR DECRESE
• CONC. OF NACL DECRESASE IN FILTRATE
• MD SECRETES PROSTAGLADIN,BRADYKININ,RENIN
• PGE2,BRADYKININ CAUSE DILA
TION OFAFFERENTARTERIOLES
• RENIN CAUSE CONSTRICTION OF EFFERENTARTERIOLES
• INCRESE IN GLOMERULAR BLOOD FLOWAND GFR
jjapparatusadd-180501194047.pptx

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jjapparatusadd-180501194047.pptx

  • 3. CONTENTS  JUXTA GLOMERULAR APPRATUS(JGA)  FUCTION OF JGA  TUBULO GLOMERULAR FEEDBACK MECHANISM
  • 4. JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPRATUS ▶ JGAis a combination of specialized tubular and vascular cells located near the glomerulus of each nephron ▶ JGAis formed by three different structures 1. Macula densa cells 2. Extra glomerular mesangial cells 3. Juxtaglomerular cells
  • 6. MACULA DENSA ▶These are specialized renal tubular epithelial cells. ▶ Situated between afferent & efferent arterioles of the same nephron. ▶Macula densa plays important role in tubulo- glomerular feedback mechanism. ▶ These cells are not innervated.
  • 7. EXTRAGLOMERULAR MESENGIAL CELLS ▶These cells are also called agranular cells,lacis cells ▶These cells are situated in the triangular region bound by afferent arteriole , efferent arteriole & macula densa cells ▶ These cells play important role in the regulation of glomerular filtration by their contractile property ▶ These cells are phagocytic in nature
  • 8. JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS ▶Myoepithelial cells(modified vascular smooth muscle cells) called JG cells ▶ Also called granular cells because presence of secretory granules in their cytoplasm ▶ JG cells are well developed golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes ▶ JG cells act as baroreceptors and innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers
  • 9. FUCTION OF JGA ▶ Primary function of JGAis secretion of hormones It also regulates blood flow and GFR Secretion of hormone- 1. Renin 2. Prostaglandins
  • 10.  Renin- ▶ It is a peptide with 340 amino acids ▶ Along with angiotensin , renin forms RAAS ▶ Plays an important role in the maintainace of blood pressure  Prostaglandin ▶ Secreted by interstitial cells of medulla  JGAsecretes cytokines like interlukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor.
  • 11.
  • 12. REGULATION OF GLOMERULAR FLOW AND GFR ▶Macula densa of JGAplays important role in feedback mechanism called tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism which regulate the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate
  • 13. TUBULOGLOMERULAR FEEDBACK MECHANISM ▶ Tubuloglomerular feedback is the mechanism that regulate GFR through renal tubule & macula densa ▶Macula densa detects the NaCl concentration via Na+ K+ 2Cl- Cotransporter ▶ Adenosine acts on afferent arteriole via adenosineA1 receptors
  • 14. FACTORS AFFECTING THE SENSTIVITY OF TGF INCREASE ▶ ADENOSINE ▶ THROMBOXANE ▶ PROSTAGLANDIN DECREASE ▶ ANP ▶ PROSTAGLANDIN ▶ CYCLIC AMP ▶ NITROUS OXIDE
  • 15. • INCREASE IN GFR • INCREASE IN NACL CONCENTRATION IN RENALTUBULE • DETECTION OF NACL BY MACULADENSA • ADENOSINE • CONSTRICTION OFAFFERENTARTERIOLE • DECREASE IN GLOMERULAR BLOOD FLOW • TUBULOGLOMEULAR FEEDBACK • WHEN GFR DECRESE • CONC. OF NACL DECRESASE IN FILTRATE • MD SECRETES PROSTAGLADIN,BRADYKININ,RENIN • PGE2,BRADYKININ CAUSE DILA TION OFAFFERENTARTERIOLES • RENIN CAUSE CONSTRICTION OF EFFERENTARTERIOLES • INCRESE IN GLOMERULAR BLOOD FLOWAND GFR