Jitesh Thakur,Interior Design 2 year Diploma programme

PORTFOLIO
RESIDENTIAL DESIGN
INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE
&
DESIGN
JITESH THAKUR
B.SC INTERIOR DESIGN
1st Yr DIPLOMA
Dezyne E’cole college
www.dezyneecole.com

Project report on
Residential space planning
At
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted to
Dezyne E’cole College towards
The partial fulfillment of the
Bachelor of science in Interior Designing
BY
Jitesh Thakur
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, civil lines, Ajmer
Tel – 0145 – 2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2015 - 16

106/10, Civil Lines
Ajmer – 305001, Rajasthan
This Project Report Of Mr. Jitesh Thakur Of Interior Designing
Has Been Graded As ……………..
Thanking You
Principal
(seal & signature)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Am Glad That Dezyne E’cole College Has Assigned Me
Residential Design Project. It gives me immense pleasure to
be associated with this project. The project was a joyous
learning process. The project has been made by the
contribution of various people.
First of all, I would like my gratitude to our principal Mrs.
Vinita Mathur to her kind help and encouragement. I am
very thankful to her for her advice, assistance and constant
support throughout making of Residential Design Portfolio.
I would like to thank all my beloved teachers and my
parents for their support and confidence in me.
Thank You

SYNOPSES OF PROJECT
The Project Assigned To Me During The Study Program Of 1st Year Residential
Design Diploma. Before Considering The Project I First Came Across The
Following Points :
 Orientation Of Building
 Day Lighting
 Ventilation
 Aspect
 Prospect
 Anthropometrics
 Ergonomics
 Louis Kahn’s Principle
 Design Elements And Principles
 And The Mood Which Has Been Created In The Design
To Design Any Residential Space With Designing And Effective Apace Planning.
We Always Need To Pay Attention To Aspect, Prospect, Anthropometrics, And
Ergonomics, Ventilation, Daylighting, Orientation And Louis Kahn’s Principle.

JITESH THAKUR
INTERIOR DESIGNER
Email: dezyneecole@gmail.com
Web: www.dezyneecole.com
Phone: 9829024839
0145-2629679
To be a successful interior designer we need to
focus on all the aspects of human behavior. I thank
Dezyne E’cole to make me an skilled person and
make me ready for the industry.
SKILLS
Google Sketchup
Drafting (Perspective view and isometric view)
Anthropometrics and Ergonomics
Good Aesthetic sense
Good knowledge about colors
INTREST
Cooking
Music
Reading Books
Experiments
LANGUAGE
Hindi
English
EXPERIENCE
Explain about daylight design in Annual Exhibition
Design development project
Residential Design project portfolio
PROFILE
EDUCATION
Bachelor in science in interior
Design + One year Residential
Design Diploma –
Design E’cole College, Ajmer –
(2015-2018)
12th Rajasthan Board -
Dayanand Bal Niketal Sr. Sec.
School, Ajmer – (2014-2015)
10th Rajasthan Board –
Dayanand Bal Niketan Sr. Sec.
School, Ajmer – (2012- 2013)

Annual Function of Dezyne E’Cole College
Identity Exhibition of Dezyne E’Cole College

CONTENTS
1. Introduction about Interior Design
2. Introduction About Residential Design
3. Case Study 1
4. Site Consideration
5. Map Of Rajasthan
6. Major Landmarks
7. Location Of Site
8. Orientation Of Site
9. Climatology
10. Macro And Micro Climate
11. Bioclimatic Design
12. Bioclimatic Design Strategies
13. Green Building
14. Orientation
15. Daylight Design
16. Ventilation
17. Overhang
18. Window Design
19. Topography
20. Landscape
21. Circulation
22. Staircase
23. Space Organisation
24. Approach
25. Universal Design
26. Anthropometrics And Ergonomics
27. Planning Consideration
28. Louis Kahn’s Principle
29. Architectural Layouts
30. 3D view Of House

CONTENTS
31. Case Study 2
32. Elements Design
33. Principles Of Design
34. Design Process
35. Contemporary Style
36. Scale And Proportion
37. Architectural Layout Of Living Room
38. Mood Board- Vital
39. Concept Board- Contemporary Style
40. Wall Board
41. Flooring Board
42. Light Board
43. Accessories Board
44. Furniture Board
45. Wall Compositions
46. Assignments
47. Conclusion
48. Bibliography

Interior Design Is About So Much More Than ‘What Looks Right’. It Is About Taking
A Holistic View Of The Way That Individuals Use And Enjoy The Spaces That They
Inhabit. It Is About Finding And Creating A Cohesive Answer To A Set Of Problems And
Dressing The Solution So As To Unify And Strengthen Our Experience Of The Space.
Good Interior Design Adds A New Dimension To A Space. It Can Increase Our
Efficiency In The Way We Go About One Daily Lives And It Adds Depth, Understanding
And Meaning To The Built Environment. Beautiful Space Betray It Logical And Rational
Questioning Of The Status Quo And Can Ho An Holiest Attempt To Find New And
Exciting Way To Lead Our Lives.
 Why Interior Design :
To Be Creative Is A Part Of Human Psyche. As The Time Change The Need And
Wants Of The People Increase By Increasing The Money Flow In The Market. Because In
INDIA Both Man And Women Starts Working And To Maintain There Class And Status
They Chose Interior Designer To Design There House.
Secondly, When People Spend Less Time At House They Need More Comfort At
Short Amount Of Time. As A Designer We Need To Design Such Space Which Refresh
The People And Refresh Them For The Next Day Of Working. As Good Interior Space
Increase The Working Efficiency Of The People.
 Need Of Interior Design
Interior Design Is A Multi-faceted Profession In Which Creativity And Technical
Solutions Are Applied Within A Structure To Achieve A Built Interior Environment.
Design Must Adhere To Code And Regulatory Requirements, And Encourage The
Principles Of Environmental Sustainability. The Interior Design Process Follows A
Systematic And Coordinated Methodology, Including Research, Analysis And Integration
Of Knowledge Into A Creative Process – To Satisfy The Clients Needs And Resources.
Interior Design Is A Multifaceted Profession Whereby The Need And Resources Of The
Client Are Satisfied To Create An Interior Space That Fulfill The Project Goals.
Interior Design Is The Art And Science Of Understanding People’s Behavior To
Create Functional Spaces Within A Building. Decoration Is The Furnishing Or Adorning
Of A Space With Fashionable Or Beautiful Things. In Short Interior Designers May
Decorate, But Decorators Do Not Design.
INTRODUCTION ABOUT INTERIOR DESIGN

Interior Design Involves Much More Than Just A Good Knowledge To Décor. The
Practice Of Interior Architecture Requires Designers To Consider Pretty Much Everything
To Do With The Building Of An Interior Space That Will Affect Human Habitation,
Including Materials, Furnishing Materials, Finishes, Plumbing, Lighting, Etc.
Interior Designers Can’t Work Without A Plan For Their Project. They Need To
Think About Every Single Detail And Plan In Appropriate Time For It. A Good Plan Means
That As A Customer You Will Get An Idea On The Cost Involved And As Well As The
Deadline For Completion Of Each Stage. Interior Designer Do Research And Analysis Of
The Clients Goals And Requirements ; And Development Of Drawing And Diagram That
Outline Those Needs.
Interior Design Work By Nature, Requires That Those Who Practice It Learn To
Temper Their Innate Idealism With The Practical Demands Of Reality. We Design For
Real People In The Real World. In Every Design Project We Undertake, We Must Be
Willing To Strike A Balance Between What You Envision As “The Ideal” And What You
Can Achieve Within The Project Practical Constraints. Interior Design Is About More
Than Aesthetics. It Is About Finding Creative Design Solutions For Interior Environment
While Supporting The Health, Safety And Well-being Of Occupants And Enhancing Their
Quality Of Life.
Interior Design Projects Can Take A Lot Of Time And This Usually Happens Because
The Whole Process Requires The Attention, Skills And Knowledge Of The Many Other
Specialists Who Work With The Interior Designer. The Designer Need To Be Able To
Speak Everyone Else’s Language From The Plumber To The Conservation Officer, To Be
Able To Make The Project Plan Work. This Doesn’t Mean That All Interior Design
Projects Take Year To Compete A Complex, But Very Well Organized Job On A
Residential Property For Example, Can Take Around 5 Months From Start To Finish.
 Corporate Interior Design
Corporate Interior Design Refers To The Designing Of Offices, Work Rooms,
Boardrooms And Other Spaces Inside Corporation. Interir Designers Who Specialize In
Designing Commercial Interior Usually Work With Corporate Clients To Create
Professional Yet Tasteful Environments. Corporate Interior Design Projects May Involve
Redesigning Floors Of Existing Rental Office Space Or Turning Completely Empty
Warehouses Or Offices Into Functional Finished Workshop. Interior Designers Aren’t
Decorators Who Deal With Adding Furnishings, Fabrics, Cabinets And Carpets. Rather,
Interior Design Includes Planning How Space Will Be Used As Well As The Installation
Of Architectural Details. Corporate Interior Designers Are Experienced Details.
Corporate Interior Designers Are Experienced In How To Create Functioning, Not Merely
Fashionable.

INTERIOR DESIGN
COMMERCIAL DESIGN

Residential Design Refers To The Designing Of People’s Homes As Opposed To
Commercial Property. The Object Of These Designers Is To Create Interior That Fit The
Functioning Of Clients’ Homes, But Also Reflect Each Client’s Personal Taste. A Home Is
A Personal Space And Excellent Residential Interior Design Personalizes The Designs Of
Homes.
For Example, An Interior Designer Could Have Several Homeowner Clients That
Live In The Same Complex Of Cookie Cutter Condominiums. Effective Residential Design
Would Ensure That Each Condo Uniquely Fits The Homeowner As Much As Possible. The
Color Scheme Is Likely To Be Different In Each Home As Is The Function And Look At The
Rooms.
Home Designs For Parents Of Young Children Are Different From Residential
Interior Design For Childless Layout Needs To Be Used Quite Differently In Terms Of
Function. Furniture In A Child’s Bedroom Needs To Be Easily Person May Use The Extra
Bedroom Space As An Office Or Guest Bedroom.
Interior Designers Have Architectural Knowledge And Understand The
Construction Details Of Rooms. For Instance, If A Homeowner Wants To Remove Walls
To Create Large, More Open Living Spaces, A Designer With Experience In Interior
Residential Design Can Draw Up A Plan For Completing The Project As Well As Make
Suggestions For Which Materials To Use. Residential Interior Designers Are Familiar
With Working Within Floor Plans And Building Codes. The Understand Not Only The
Architectural Details Of Windows, Doors And Walls, But How These Affect A Home’s
Overall Design.
Residential Interior Designers Work With Contractors To Create Well-built Interior
That Offer Stylish And Functional Living Spaces.
An Interior Designer May Also Be An Architect. Both Architect And Residential
Interior Design Career Require A Good Understanding Of Both Art And Science Since
Building Design Must Be Efficient Usable As Well As Stylish Attractive.
Residential Interior Design Includes Everything From The Ceiling To Floor Of A
Home, But The Scope Of Each Project Varies. Designers Must Work Within Each
Homeowner’s Budget And Tastes. Designers That Offer Residential Interior Designing
Service May Work For A Small Or Large Design Company Or Be Self-employed. They
May Specialize In A Certain Type Of Residential Design For Interiors Such As Tropical Or
Eco-friendly.
INTRODUCTION ABOUT RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

Lots Of People Right Now Are Just Bored With The Recession And All That Junk
That They Have Nothing Better To Do Than To “Design” Their Own Homes. It Really Gets
When People Call Themselves “Designers” When They Really Have To Special Training
Or Talents That Have Anything To Do With Design Outside Of Their Own Home. A
Residential Design Interior Is Different When It’s Not Done In Your Own Taste.
Residential Design Is An Technical Work Because Is Implement The Working Efficiency
Of The Person Living Inside The House. As Flow Of Money Increase In Market, And To
Maintain Their Status In Society People Need Well Designed Interior, Because Residence
Is A Place Which Denotes The Personality Of The Person Living Inside The House.
Better Interior Increase The Working Efficiency Of The Person Living In The House.
As Now People Spend Less Time At Home, Because Both Man And Women Starts
Working, So In This Case They Want Proper Interior Design So That They Should Do Less
Work At Home, And Get Refresh For The Next Day Working.
Home Designs For Parents Of Young Children Are Different From Residential
Interior Design For Childless Singles. The Same Three Bedroom Apartment Layout
Needs To Be Used Quite Differently In Terms Of Function. Furniture In A Child’s
Bedroom Needs To Be Easily Accessible And Fit The Child. A Childless Single Person Use
The Extra Bedroom Space As An Office Or Guest Bedroom.
 Residential Design History Basics –
Tracing The History Of The Design Movement Usually Requires An Understanding Of
Region, Which Includes Things Like Available Resources And Cultural Styles As Well As
The Reigning Influences Of The Times. The Popularity Of Certain Styles An Looks Tends
To Surge And Ebb Depending On A Number Of Different Factors. The History Of Interior
Design Is Long And Full Of Changes Driven Primarily By Region, Material Availability, And
Dominant Trends And Societal Ideals. In A Very Basic Sense, “Interior Design” Is The
Collection Of Ways In Which Any Inside Space Is Arranged, And Can Include Everything
From Art To Furniture And Upholstery. Some Of The Most Prominent Theories And
Styles Of Design Have Evolved Over Time, Usually Growing And Changing With The
Sensibilities Of The Most Influential People Or Most Prominent Group In A Given
Region. Different Trends Have Been More Popular At Different Times, Too. Though The
Ages, There Have Been Great Advances In The Art Of Interior Design, But Its Roots Tend
To Be Simple And Styles Are Often Representative Of A Particular Historical Period.

We Have To Do A Space Planning For Mr. Mukesh Who Is A Bank Manager In State
Bank Of India. He Has A Family Of Two Children One Boy Age 16 And A Girl Age 12, And
A Wife Who Loves Watching TV And Gardening.
We Have To Device An Open Plan On A Pot Size Of 50ft X 60ft.
CASE STUDY

Building Is A Structure Having Various Components Like Foundation, Wall, Columns,
Floors, Roofs, Doors, And Various Types Of Surface Finishes Made According To NBC
(National Building Code Of India)
 Location Of India :
 Location Of India In The World Is Northeast Direction.
 Longitude – 68o E – 98o E
 Latitude – 8o Ne – 37o Ne
The India Has A Tropical Monsoon Climate, Since The Greater Larger Part Of The
Country Lies Within The Tropics.
SITE CONSIDERATION

 Location Of Rajasthan :
Location Of Rajasthan In India Is In Western Direction
Longitude – 69.5o E – 78o E
Latitude – 23o N – 30o N
MAP OF RAJASTHAN

 Distance From The Major Landmarks –
 Shopping Center (1.2km)
 Hospital (350m)
 Bus Stand (1km)
 Railway Station (2.5km)
 Dimension Of Site (50’x60’)
MAJOR LANDMARKS

Connectivity Of The Site To The Main Road And Sun Roads, To Major Landmarks Like
Railway Station, Bus Stop, Shopping Center, School, Etc. Must Be Check. Distance From
The Major Landmarks Are -
LOCATION OF SITE
 Site Plan Specification
1.Savitri College
2.R.T.D.C
3.Main Road
4.Site
5.Ajmer Hospital
6.Residential Zone
Savitri
College
1
Residential Zone
6
Savitri College
1
R.T.D.C.
2
MainRoad
3Main Road
3
Ajmer
Hospital
5Site
4

Before Considering Any Plan We First Study About The Orientation Of The Plot, By Using
Compass We Identify North, East, South, And West Direction. And With The Help Of
Orientation We Decide The Face Of House.
The Orientation Of The Site Given Is North South Direction. The North Direction Doesn’t
Have Heat Rays Of Sun It Only Has Sun’s Light. That Is Why The North Direction Has
Comes In Shaded Zone.
ORIENTATION OF SITE
AJMER
HOSPITAL
North
East
Acceptable
quadrant for
window
orientation
Summer Sun
Preferred zone for
building orientation
South
West
Total Shade
Residential Zone
6
Savitri College
1
R.T.D.C.
2
MainRoad
3
Main Road
3
Ajmer
Hospital
5
Site
4

Climatology Is The Branch Which
Deals With The Climate And Changes
Throughout The Year Of The Weather.
 Macro Climate Of India :
Location Of India In The World Is
Northeast Direction.
Climate Can Be Sub-divided Into Two
Major Divisions :
1. Macro Climate
2. Micro Climate
CLIMATOLOGY
Longitude – 68o E – 98o E
Latitude – 8o NE – 37o NE
The whole India has a tropical
monsoon climate, since the greater
part of the country lies within the
tropics.

Macro Climate Are Characterized By Quantitative Indexes. That Refers To The
Entire Area Being Considered I.E. Intervals With Which Particular Climatic
Characteristics Change Throughout The Area Or Their Average Value For The Entire
Area. The Macro Climate Is Contrasted With Local Climate And Macro Climate.
MICRO CLIMATE
Landscaping Can Improve The Micro Climate Around The Building, Taking Advantage
Of Existing Topographical, Adjacent Building And Vegetation For Solar Protection. Good
Site Layout Can Also Take Grate Advantage Of Local Breezes By The Formation Of Air
Funnels And Also Add Natural Ventilation By Staggering The Building Layout.
The Presence Of Water In Vegetation On The Site Can Also Be Used For Natural
Cooling. Good Site Layout Can Reduce Cooling Loads Apparently By Optimizing Natural
Solar Protection And Local Breezes.
MACRO CLIMATE

Bioclimatic Design Has Developed Out A Sensitivity To Ecological And Regional
Contexts And The Need To Conserve Energy And Environmental Resources. Boclimatic
Approaches To Architecture Offer A Way To Design For A Long Term And Sustainable
Use Of Environmental And Material Resources.
Bioclimatic Design Is Linked To The Biological, Physiological And Psychological
Need For Health And Comfort. Bioclimatic Approaches To Design Attempt To Create
Comfort Conditions In Building By Understanding The Microclimate And Resulting
Design Strategies That Include Natural Ventilation, Day Lighting, And Passive Heating
And Cooling. The Architecture Of Early Modern Architects- Walter Gropius, Marcel
Breuer, Le Corbusier, And Antonin Raymond, Among Others- Recognized The Design
Inspiration Offered By Site-specific Climatic Variables And Indigenous Exemplars. When
Air-conditioning System Became Widely Available At The End Of The 1950s, Interest In
Bioclimatic Design Suddenly Became Less Evident In Professional And Popular
Literature.
The Bioclimatic Houses Doesn’t Need The Purchase And Installation Of
Complicated And Expensive Systems, Because It Uses The Regular Architectural
Elements To Increase The Energetic Performance And Get A Natural Comfort. Cost
Saving Begin With Designing To Maximize The Assets Of The Site. Bioclimatic Design
Imposes A Set Of Guideline, But There Still Remain A Lot Of Freedom To Design
According To Individual Taste. Sting Of The Building, Consideration Of Solar Access,
Collection Of Rainwater, Using Thermal Mass To Your Advantage, Correct Fenestration
And Solar Shading Are All Good Examples Of Techniques That Can Be Taken Into
Account When Designing. The End Product Is Much More Energy Efficient And In Tune
With Its Surrounding And Nature.
Natural Ventilation Can Provide Comfort In All Seasons, Especially In Summer
When It Can Reduce Or Eliminate The Need For Air Conditioning In Some Climates.
Costly Mechanical Cooling Is Often Required Simply Because A Building Unprotected
Window Orientation Or Un Insulated Roofs Turn It Into A “Solar Oven”.
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
Path energy exchange of the building Micro Climate

BIO CLIMATIC DESIGN STRATEGIES
(1) In Rajasthan Southern Sun Shines Brightly And Straight Roof Transfer Heat
Immediately So While Planning Any Space We Need To Design Slanted Roof Towards
The Southern Direction Which Will Tends To Leaser Heating Of The Roof And The Heat
Transfer Time Will Be Decrease.
(2) Use Deciduous Trees In Southern Direction To Decrease The Speed Of Air Comes
Inside The House.
(3) Water Bodies Should Be Taken Up In South Direction Because Air Carry’s Moisture
With Them Which Will Help To Decrease The Temperature Inside The House.
(4) Water Bodies Should Be Taken Up In South Direction Because Air Carry’s Moisture
With Them Which Will Help To Decrease The Temperature Inside The House.
(5) Use Low E-emissivity Glass In South Direction. As The Intense Sun Light Comes
From South Direction And The Air Gap Present In This Glass Will Acts As A Bed
Conductor Of Heat.
(6) Landscaping Should Be Given In House Which Creates View And Helps To Lowering
The Temperature Of House Up To 8oc. Landscaping Also Helps To Increase The Ground
Water Level.

GREEN BUILDING
Green Building And Sustainable Design Are Used Interchangeably To Describe
Any Building Design In An Environmentally Sensitive Manner. Green Building Is
Governed By Standards Such As Leadership In Energy And Environmental Design
(LEED). This Provides A Set Of Measurable Criteria That Promotes Environmentally
Sustainable Construction E-design. This System Was Developed By Unites State Green
Building Council (USGBC).
 LEED Rating Address The Following Area -
(1) Sustainable Site – It Deals With Reduce Pollution And Promote Natural Sensitive
Area Of Land And Restore Damage Habitat.
(2) Rain Water Harvesting – Capturing Rain Water For Increasing The Ground Water
Level By Giving Proper Landscaping And Set Backs Should Be Covered With Grass
Not With Solid Concrete Floor.
GRIHA CERTIFICATION BEE CERTIFICATION GREEN CERTIFICATION

(3) Energy And Atmosphere – Place Window According To Orientation Which Tends To
Less Use Of Energy Consumption During Day Time, Increase Non-renewable Sources
,And Less Use Of Fossils So That It Reduce Depletion Of Ozone Layer.
(4) Material – Use Locally Available Material, Recycled Material So It First Decrease
The Transportation Cost And Give Work To The Local People.
(5) Indore Environmental Quality – The Design Should Promote Enhance Comfort,
Productivity And Well Being Occupants By Improving Indore Air Quality And
Ventilation Of Space.
(6) Innovation And Design Process – When Any Design Has Been Made As Per The
Requirements Set By LEED And Demonstrate Innovative Performance Is Acceptable. If
Any Designer Comes Up With The Design Which Exceeds The Requirements Of LEED Is
Called Innovation In Design Process.

ORIENTATION
Before Considering Any Plan We First Study About The Orientation Of The Plot,
By Using Compass We Identify North, East, South And West Direction. And With
Orientation We Decide The Face Of House.
India Comes In Northern Hemisphere So Sunlight Will Come From South And
East Direction. At Summer Sun Shines Brightly In South Direction. So We Follow All
Its Climatic Conditions I.E. Macro Climate. Good Orientation Can Help Reduce Or
Even Eliminate The Need Of Auxiliary Heating And Cooling, Resulting In Lower
Energy Bills, Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Improved Comfort. In Hot
Humid Climate And Hot Dry Climate With No Winter Heating Requirements, Aim To
Exclude Direct Sun By Using Trees And Adjoining Building To Shade Every Façade
Year Round While Capturing And Funneling Cooling Breezes.
Each Space Has Its Own Personality And Every Space Behaves Accordingly.
There Are Two Types Of Zones –
(1) ACTIVE ZONE – Living Room, Dining Room, Kitchen All Comes In Active Zone.
In Those Spaces We Need Proper Sunlight So We Place Those Spaces Mainly In
South And East Direction.
We Place Kitchen And Living Room In East And South Direction Because The
Morning Sunlight Makes People Feel Refreshing.
(2) Non Active Zone – Bedroom Comes In Non Active Zone. Because This Space Is
Used For Relaxing And Resting. So We Place Bed Room In North Direction.
North
South
East West

People Like Day Lighting. We Like Interior Space To Have Plenty Of Daylight.
Daylight Design Can Be Employed To Conserve Energy And Can Enhance Visibility, The
Principle Values Of Day Lighting Are More Intangible. Day Lighting Refers To The Use Of
Natural Light, Be It Brilliant Sunlight Or Muted Overcast Light. Day Lighting Has Been
Touted For Its Many Aesthetics And Health Benefits By Designers And Researchers Alike.
Day Lighting Provides The Mental And Visual Stimulation Necessary To Regulate Human
Circadian Rhythms.
DAYLIGHT DESIGN
 Many Factors Are Involved With The Use Of Day Lighting In Building:
1. Aesthetics: The Play Of Light From Windows To Surface And Textures Casting
Intersecting Shadows, The Endless Variety Of Mod And Appearances Due To The
Movement Of The Sun.
2. Psychological Response: The Sense Of Wellbeing Associated With Daylight And Sense
Of Orientation That Comes With Being Connected With The Exterior.
3. Health: Improves Resistance To Infections, Skin Disorders And Cardiovascular
Impairments.
4. Energy/Cost: Reduction In Electricity Use And Related Air Conditioning Load From
Electric Lighting.
 Physiological Benefits Of Day Lighting
1. Full Spectrum Lighting: It Prevents Rickets, Helps Keep The Skin In A Healthy
Condition, Is Responsible For The Production Of Vitamin D In The Body And Destroys
Germs.
2. Orientation: People Inside The Building Who Lose Contact With The Exteriors May
Feel Insecure About Possible Escape From Fire. People Are Frustrated And
Distracted When Not Able To Sense What The Weather Is Outside And To Have
Some Sense Of Nature’s Time.
 Psychological Benefits Of Day Lighting
1. Sunshine: The Presence Of Direct Sunshine In Interior Environment Is One Of The
Strongest Psychological Benefits, As The Evidence Of A Desire By Most People For
Some Direct Sun Is Strong.
2. View: In The Techniques Of Admitting Daylight Into The Building Often Go Together
With Windows, Daylight And View. The Best Views Are Those That Include Some Sky,
Horizon And Foreground. Broad Horizontal Windows Are More Satisfying Than
Narrow Vertical Windows, An Optimal Size Being 20 To 30 Percent Of The Exterior
Wall. Narrow And Tall Windows Are Good For Sunlight And Broad Windows For The
View.

3. Brightness Gradients And Color Constancy: Colors Seen With Daylight Will Appear
Real And Appropriate Through Something Called “Color Constancy”; Color
Produced By Daylight Will Vary Form Dawn To Noon To Dusk, As Well As The Color
Reflection From Adjacent Surfaces.
4. Contrast And Glare: Contrast Is Necessary For Visual Perception, The Result Of
Luminous Differences That, In Turn, Are Dependent Upon The Luminance Falling
On The Task And Reflectivity Of The Task. Glare Is Usually Associated With
Brightness Differences Or With Reflected Light.

.
DAYLIGHT DESIGN
 Other Important Points :
(1) Use Vertical Windows For Proper Sunlight.
(2) Use Clerestory And Skylight Windows For Sunlight Of Intense Sun.
(3) Room Depth Should Be 15’ To 20’ For Proper Sunlight To Come Inside The House.

Ventilation May Be Defined As The Supply Of Fresh Outside Air Into An Enclosed Space
And Removal Of Inside Air From The Enclosed Space. Ventilation May Be Achieved
Either By “Natural Or Artificial”.
 Functional Requirements Of Ventilation System
From The Point Of View Of Human Comfort, Ventilation Systems Should Meet The
Following Requirements:
1. Air Changes: In An Enclosed Space, Where People Are Working Or Living, Air Has To
Be Moved Or Changed To Cause Proper Ventilation. The Minimum Rate Of Air
Change Is One Per Hour And Maximum Is Sixty Per Hour.
2. Humidity: Air Contains Certain Amount Of Water Vapor In It. Relative Humidity Is
Defined As The Ratio Of Water Vapor Present In The Air To The Amount Of Water
Vapor If The Air Were Saturated At The Same Temperature.
3. Quality Of Air: The Ventilating Air Should Be Free From Impurities, Odors, Organic
Matter And Inorganic Dust Or Gases.
4. Effective Temperature: It Is Desirable That The Incoming Ventilation Air Should Be
Cool In Summer And Warm In Winter, Before It Enters The Room.
 System Of Ventilation
1. Natural Ventilation: It Is The One In Which Ventilation Is Effected By The Elaborated
Use Of Doors, Windows, Ventilators And Skylights. It Is Usually Considered Suitable
For Residential Buildings And Small Houses. In Natural Ventilation Cross Ventilation
Is Normally Relied To Secure Air Movement. The Rate Of Ventilation Depends On
Two Effects:
a) Wind Effect- In This Rate Of Ventilation Depends Upon The Direction And Velocity.
In Designing Natural Ventilation Is Used O Make Effective Use Of Wind Force.
VENTILATION
No cross ventilation for window Window formed above door to create
cross-ventilation

(b) Stack Effect – When Air Temperature Inside Is Higher Then The Outside Warmer Air
Rises And Passes Through Opening Located In The Upper Part Of The Room. A Stack
Effect Can Work In Conjunction With Cross Ventilation. In Low Rise Buildings, Stack-
effect Currents Are Particularly Effective At Night When The Cooler Night Air Can Be
Brought In To Carry To The Outside The Heat That Has Been Absorbed By Building
Materials During The Day.
 Natural Ventilation In Interior Design -
(1) Use Neighboring Land Forms, Structures, Or Vegetation To Increase Exposure To
Summer Breezes.
(2) Shape And Orient The Building Shell To Maximize Exposure To Summer Breeze.
(3) Use “Open Plan” Interior To Promote Air Flow.
(4) Use Double Roof Construction For Ventilation Within The Building Shell.
(5) Use Wing Walls, Overhangs, And Louvers For Direct Summer Wind.
(6) Use Roof Monitors For “Stack Effect” Ventilation.
(2) Mechanical Ventilation: Mechanical Ventilation Is The One In Which Some
Mechanical Arrangements Are Used To Increase The Rate Of Air Flow. This System Is
Most Costly. Mechanical Ventilation Uses Fans To Drive The Flow Of Outside Air Into
A Building. This May Be Accomplished By Pressurization, Or By Depressurization.
Many Mechanically Ventilated Buildings Use A Combination Of Both, With The
Ventilation Being Integrated Into The HVAC System.

Overhangs Can Be Very Useful For Intense Sun And Rain Control. They Also Reduce The
Glare Of Daylight. As An Interior Designer We Pay Attention To Overhangs. Overhangs
Have Several Important Functions. They Can Protect Exterior Doors, Windows, And
Siding From Rain, They Can Shade Windows When Solar Heat Gain Is Undesirable, And
They Can Help Keep Basements And Crawl Spaces Dry. A House With Improper
Overhangs Can Overheat In The Summer, Can Suffer From Water Entry Problems At
Windows And Doors, And Can Have Premature Siding Rot.
 Types Of Overhang –
(1) Roof Overhang - Roof Overhang Protect Siding, Doors, And Windows From Rot And
Water Entry. The Most Important Function Of Wide Roof Overhang Is To Help Keep
Water Off Doors And Windows. A House Without Roof Overhang Leaves Siding
Unprotected And Vulnerable, Like An Orphaned Lamb Released Near A Pack Of
Wolves. Doors And Windows Can Be Protected Either By Roof Overhangs, By
Recessing Windows And Doors In Thick Walls, Or By Including Head Casing And
Head Flashing That Are Designed To Be Significantly Proud Of The Siding Plane.
(2) Window Overhang –
 Light Shelves – Windows Receive A Large Amount Of Energy From The Sun. Light
Shelve Is An Horizontal Plane Placed Below The Top Of A Window, Usually Just
Above Door Height Allow Light To Reflected From Its Upper Surface To The Ceiling
Height.
OVERHANG

It Is An Opening In The Wall Of A Building , For The Admission Of Light And Air .
Such An Opening With The Frame , Sashes, And Panels Of Glass Or Any Other Device
By Which It Is Closed. A Window May Be Defined As An Opening Made In A Wall For The
Purpose Of Providing Daylight, Vision And Ventilation. Window Consists Of Window
Frame And Shutter. The Selection Of Size, Shape, Location And Number Of Windows To
Be Provided In A Room Depends Upon The Following Considerations:
1. Size Of Room To Be Lighted
2. Location Of The Room And Its Utility
3. Architectural Treatment Is To Be Given To The Building
4. Direction Of Wind And Its Speed
5. Climatic Conditions Of The Site Such As Humidity, Temperature Variation Etc.
 Design Of Windows
The Points To Be Kept In View While Making Provision For Window In A Room Are:
1. The Size And Number Of Windows Should Be Sufficient To Provide Adequate Light
And Ventilation In The Room.
2. Windows Should Be Located Opposite To Each Other Wherever Possible
3. The Window Sill Should Be Placed At 75 To 100cm Above The Floor Level.
4. Buildings In Humid Region Need Special Attention For Adequate Ventilation Of The
Room.
5. The Shutter Of Windows In External Wall Should Open Outside.
6. All External Windows, Especially The Ones On Ground Floor, Should Be Provided
With Mild Steel Round Or Square Bars Or Steel Grills To Safeguard Against Theft.
7. Windows In External Wall Should Be Provided With Chajja Projections To Prevent
The Entry Of The Rainwater In The Room.
 Window Placement For Day Lighting -
(1) Centered Window –
WINDOWS

(2) Turning a corner –
(3) Skylight –
(4) Horizontal –

(5) Off center –
(6) Window Wall –
(7) Vertical –

 Classification of Windows -
1. Fixed Window
2. Pivoted Window
3. Double Hung Window
Fixed Window Picture Window

4. Sliding Window
5. Casement Window
6. Sash and Glazed

7. Louvered Window
8. Metal Window
9. Bay Window

10. Clerestory Window
11. Corner Window
12. Dormer and Gable Window

13. Skylights and Fanlights
14. Ventilators

TOPOGRAPHY
Topography Refers To The Configuration Surface Features Of A Plot Of Land, Which
Influences Where And How To Build And Develop A Site. The Microclimate Of A Site Is
Influenced By The Ground Elevation, The Nature And Orientation Of Landforms, And
The Presence Of Bodies Of Water.
• Solar Radiations Warms Southern Slopes, Creating A Temperate Zone.
• Daytime Breezes, Which Replace Updrafts Of Warm Air Overland Can Have A
Cooling Effect Of Up To 10⁰f (5.6⁰c).
• Grass And Other Groundcovers Tend To Lower Ground Temperatures By Absorbing
Solar Radiation And Encouraging Cooling By Evaporation.
• Hard Surfaces Tend To Elevate Ground Temperatures.
• Light Colored Surfaces Reflect Solar Radiation, Dark Surfaces Absorb And Retain
The Radiation.
For Aesthetic And Economic, As Well As Ecological Reasons, The General Intent
In Developing A Site Should Be In Minimize The Distribution Of Existing Landforms
Of Natural Ground Slopes And Microclimate Of The Site.
• When Modifying Landforms, Include Provision For The Drainage Of Surface Water
And Groundwater.
• Avoid Building On Step Slopes Subjects To Erosion Or Slides. Wetlands And Other
Wildlife Habitats May Require Protection And Limit The Buildable Area Of A Site.
• Terracing Or Stepping A Structure Along A Slope Requires Excavation And The Use
Of Retaining Wall Or Bench Terracing.

Residential Design
LANDSCAPING

.
LANDSCAPING
Landscaping Design Is The Art Of Arranging Of Modifying The Features Of A
Landscape, An Urban Area, Etc. For Aesthetics Or Practical Purposes. Often It Is
Divider Into Hardscape Design And Softscape Design. It Is An Art Of Arranging Or
Modifying The Features Of A Landscape.
 Landscape Design :
• Landscape Design Creates Practical And Pleasing Outdoor Living Space.
• Landscape Design Develops A Series Of Outdoor Room.
• Landscape Design Brings The Family’s Wants, Needs, And Values Into The Design.
 Elements Of Landscape Design :
(1) Line : Lines Are A Powerful Tool For The Designer Because They Can Be Used To
Create An Infinity Variety Of Shapes And Forms. Landscape Designers Use Lines To
Create Patterns, Develop Spaces, Create Forms, Control Movement, Establish
Dominance, And Create A Cohesive Theme In A Landscape.
(2) Shape : Shape Is Created By An Outline That Encloses A Space, And Form Is The
Three Dimensional Mass Of That Shape. Formal, Geometric Forms Include Circles,
Squares And Polygon. Informal, Naturalistic Forms Include Meandering Lines,
Organic Edge, And Fragmented Edge.
(3) Texture : Texture Refer To How Coarse Or Fine The Surface Of The Plant Or
Hardscape Material Feels And / Or Look. Texture Used To Provide Variety, Interest,
And Contrast. The Plants Foliage, Flowers, Bark, And Overall Branching Pattern All
Have Texture.
(4) Color : Color In Plant, Material And Hardscape Adds Interest And Variety To The
Landscape. The Use Of Color Is Guided By Color Theory To Create Color Schemes.
(5) Visual Weight : Visual Weight Is The Concept That Combinations Of Certain
Features Have More Importance In The Composition Based On Mass And
Contrast.

STAIRCASE
A Stair May Be Defined As The Series Of Steps Suitably Arranged For The Purpose Of
Connecting Different Floors Of A Building. It Is An Arrangement Of Treads, Risers,
Stringers, Newel Posts, Handrails And Baluster, So Designed And Constructed As To
Provide An Easy And Quick Access To The Different Floors, Rendering Comfort And
Safety To The Users.
Stairs May Be Made From Different Materials Like Timber, Stones, Bricks, Steel, Plain
Concrete Or Reinforced Concrete.
 Technical Terms:
1. Steps- A Portion Of A Stairway Comprising The Tread And Risers Which Permits
Ascent Or Descent From One Floor To Another.
2. Tread- The Horizontal Upper Part Of A Step On Which Foot Is Placed In Ascending
Or Descending Stairway.
3. Riser- The Vertical Portion Of A Step Providing Support To The Tread.
4. Flight- A Series Of Steps Without Ant Platform, Break Or Landing In Their
Direction.
5. Landing- A Platform Or Resting Place Provided Between Two Flights. A Landing
Extending Right Across A Staircase Is Called A Quarter-space Landing.
6. Nosing- The Outer Projecting Edge Of A Tread Is Termed As Nosing. Nosing Is
Usually Rounded To Give Good Architectural Effect To The Treads And Makes The
Staircase Easy To Negotiate.
7. Scotia- It Is A Moulding Provided Under Nosing To Beautify The Elevation Of The
Step.
8. Line Of Nosing- It Is An Imaginary Line Touching The Nosing Of Each Tread And Is
Parallel To The Slope Of The Stair.
9. Flier- It Is A Straight Step Having A Parallel Width Of Tread.
10. Winders- These Are Tapering Steps Which Are Provided For Changing The
Direction Of A Stair.
11. Going Of Step- The Run Of Step In A Stairs Or The Width Of Tread Between Two
Successive Treads.
12. Rise Of Step- It Is A Vertical Distance Between The Upper Surface Of The
Successive Treads.
13. Soffit- It Is The Under Surface Of A Stair.

13. Handrails- It Is Provided To Render Assistance In Negotiating A Stairway. It Is
Supported On Balusters And Usually Run Parallel To The Slope Of The Stair.
14. Baluster- It Is A Wooden, Metal Or Masonry Vertical Member Supporting A Hand
Rail.
15. Balustrade- It Usually Consists Of A Row Of Balusters Surmounted By A Rail And
Is Provided To Perform The Function Of A Fence Or Guard For The Users Of The
Stairway.
16. Newel- It Is A Wooden Or Metallic Post Supporting The Handrail And Is Usually
Provided At The Hand, Foot Or Points Where The Balustrade Changes Its
Direction.
17. Headroom Or Headway- It Is The Clear Vertical Distance Between The Tread Of A
Step And The Soffit Of The Flight Or The Ceiling Of A Landing Immediately Over
It.
18. Spandrel- It Is The Triangular Framing Under The Outside String Of An Open
String Stair.
 Classification Of Stairs –
1. Straight Stairs – The Most Obvious Use Of The Straight Stair Is To Form An Access
To Entrance, Porch Or Portico. Straight Stair Cannot Be Avoided In Places.
2. Dog-legged Stairs – It Consists Of Two Straight Flights Of Steps With Abrupt Turn
Between Them. This Type Of Stair Is Useful Where The Width Of The Stair-case
Hall Is Just Sufficient To Accommodate Two Widths Of Stair.
3. Open-newel Stair – It Consists Of Two Or More Straight Flights Arrange In Such A
Manner That A Clear Space Called A ‘Well’ Occurs Between The Backward And
The Forward Flights.
4. Geometrical Stair – This Is Similar To The Open-newel Stair With The Difference
That The Open Well Between The Forward And The Backward Flights Is Curved.
In This Form Of Stair, The Change In Direction Is Obtained Through Winders.
5. Circular Stair – Circular Stair Is Commonly Provided At The Backside Of A Building
For Rendering To Its Various Floors For Service Purpose. The Circular Stairs Are
Commonly Constructed In RCC, Cast Iron Or Stone.
6. Bifurcated Stair – This Type Of Stair Is Provided In Modern Public Buildings. In
This Type Of Stairs, The Flights Are So Arranged That There Is A Wide Flight At
The Start Which Is Sub-divided Into Narrow Flights At The Mid-landing.

Before Devising Any Plan It Is Important For An Interior Designer To Organise A Space In
A Proper Manner So That The Space Will Increase The Working Efficiency Of The Person
Living Inside The House By Giving Proper Circulation In The Interior Space.
 Wall Plane – Wall Planes Are Classified Into Three Parts.
a) L- Shaped Plane – An L-shaped Configuration Of Vertical Planes Defines A Field
Of Space Along A Diagonal From Its Corner Outward. While This Field Is Strongly
Defined And Enclosed At The Corner Of The Configuration, It Dissipates Rapidly As
It Moves Away From The Corner.
 Introvert Nature Of The Interior Corner Becomes Extrovert Along Its Outer Edges.
 If A Void Is Introduced On One Side Of The Corner The Definition Of The Field
Gets Weakened. The Two Planes Will Be Isolated From Each And Will Dominate
One Another.
 This Type Of Field Is More Dynamic And Organized Itself Along The Diagonal Of
The Configuration.
SPACE ORGANIZATION

1. Parallel And Vertical Planes: A Pair Of Parallel Vertical Planes Defines A Field
Of Space Between Them. The Open End Of Field, Established By The Vertical
Edges Of The Planes, Give The Space A Strong Directional Quality, Its Primary
Orientation Is Along The Axis About Which The Planes Are Symmetrical. Since
Parallel Planes Do Not Meet The Form Corners And Fully Enclose The Field. The
Space Is Extroverted In Nature.
2. U- Shaped Planes: This Space Is Inward Focused As Well As Has Outward
Orientation At The Closed End Of The Field Is Well Defined Forwards The Outer
Zone. A U-shape Configuration Of Vertical Planes Defines A Field Of Space That
Has An Inward As Well As Outward Orientation. At The Closed End Of The
Configuration The Field Is Well Defined. Towards The Open End Of The
Configuration The Field Becomes Extroverted In Nature.

APPROACH
An Approach Refers To The Entrance Of The Building I.E The Path Way By Which The
Person Get Connected With The Entrance Of The House. There Can Be Of Several
Types And Every Type Of Approach Signifies The Separate Function.
 Types Of Approach –
1. Frontal Approach - A Frontal Approach Leads Directly To The Entrance Of A
Building Along A Straight Line, Axial Path. The Visual Goal That Terminates The
Approach Is Clear, It May Be The Entire Front Façade Of A Building Or An
Elaborated Within The Plane.
2. Oblique Approach – An Oblique Approach Enhance The Effect Of Perspective On
The Front Façade And Form Of A Building. The Path Can Be Redirected One Or
More Times To Delay And Prolong The Sequence Of The Approach. If A Building
Is Approach At An Extreme Angle, Its Entrance Can Project Beyond Its Façade To
Be More Clearly Visible.
3. Spiral Approach – A Spiral Path Prolongs The Sequence Of The Approach And
Emphasizes The Three-dimensional Form Of A Building As We Move Around Its
Perimeter.

UNIVERSAL DESIGN
The Goal Of Universal Design Could Be Said Is Create Buildings, Places And Details
That Provide A Supportive Environment To The Largest Number Of Individuals Life’s
Variety Of Changing Circumstances. All People Experience Changes In Mobility, Agility,
And Perceptual Acuity Throughout Their Life Spans, From Childhood To Adulthood. In
Addition, People Are Diverse In Size, Preferences And Abilities.
Universal Design Responds To These Conditions And Potentials And Seeks To
Extend The Human Capacity By Accommodating Supported By The Designed
Environment. Universal Design Makes Designer, User And Building Owner More
Sensitive To What Can Be Done To Improve The Long Term Quality Of What We Built.
Design And Long-term Building Quality Is Improved By Designing For Easier Access,
Reduced Accidents, Easier Way Finding And Transit Of Peoples And Goods, And Design
Details For People Of All Ages, Sizes And Capacities And Increase The Working
Efficiency Of The People In The Environment They Live.
Accessible Design Is The Design That Meets Standards That Allow People With
Disabilities To Enjoy A Minimum Level Of Access To Environments And Products. By
Understanding The Physical Implications Of These Board Groups Of Disabling
Conditions Designers Can Understand The Criteria In The Building Codes And
Standards.
• Sensory Impairments: Design Of Information Systems.
This Includes Vision, Hearing And Speech Impairments Including Total And Partial Loss
Of Function And Leads Us To The Design Recommendation For Redundancy Of
Communication Media So That Everyone Can Express Themselves Over
Communication Systems. For Example- Reinforcing Both Lighting And Circulation Cues.
• Dexterity Impairments: Design Of Operating Controls And Hardware
This Includes People With Limitations In The Use Of Their Hands And Fingers I.E., The
“Closed Fist Rule”. This Addresses The Location Of Equipment And Controls So That
They Are Within The Range Of People On Wheelchairs And Those Who Are Short
Stature.
• Mobility Impairments: Space And Circulation Systems
This Includes People Who Use Walkers, Crutches, Canes And Wheelchairs And Also For
Those Who Have Difficulty In Climbing Stairs Or Going Long Distances.

CONCEPT OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN
A Designer Must Listen To And Hear From Perceptive Spokespeople Who Can
Articulate The Needs And Responses Of:
• People Of All Stages Of Life Who Have Difficulty With Mobility, Lighting
Distractions And Disorientation At Transition Points In A Building.
• People On Wheel-chairs And Other Physical Differences.
• People With Visual And Aural Impairments.
• People Under The Conditions Of Emergency.
• Persons Who Maintain And Service Our Buildings, Carrying Heavy Loads Or Their
Potential Impediments To Safe Travel.
Universal; Design Reviews May Require Alternative Media Including Three Dimensional
Models, Virtual Reality Simulations And Full Scale Mock Up Prototypes. Hence, The
Designers Must Understand That How Our Changing Culture Is Using Our
Environments And Products In The 21st Century.

ANTHROPOMETRICS
Interior Design Is All About Space And People. To Make A Building
Architecturally Successful, The Link Between The Space And Inhabitant Of That Space
Is Very Important. No Space Can Be Designed Without The Information Oh Human
Dimensions. The Link Has To Be Established In Many Ways – Physical, Psychological,
Emotional And Much More. Physical Link Related To Physical Comfort And The Need
Of The Inhabitants To Fulfill Various Activities In A Certain Space.
The Scientific Study Of Human Dimensions Relating To Individuals And Groups Is
Called “Anthropometry” And The Application Of Anthropometric Data May Look Very
Direct And Simple. The Size Ho Human Body Varies Based On Age, Sex, Race And Even
Socio-economic Factors. Any Direct Attempt To Apply The Standardized Dimensions
May Not Reflect The True Need Of The Space Requirements. At The Same Time, Very
Minute Details On Human Dimensions May Be Useful Only For The Likes Of Fashion.
ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics Is The Scientific Discipline Concerned With The Understanding Of
Interactions Among Human And Other Elements Of System & Profession That Applies
Theory, Principles, Data & Methods To Design In Order To Optimize Well Being And
Overall System Performance.

Dining Room Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Jitesh Thakur
B.Sc.- Interior Design
I Year Residential Diploma
www.dezyneecole.com
S.No
.
Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1 Single Chair 1’6”x2’ 2’x2’
2 Dining Table 5’ Varies
3 Powder Room 4’x4’ Varies
4 Window 5’ 7’
5 Door 4’ 6’
6 Main circulation 5’ 6’
7 Back circulation 18’’ 24’’
Top Plan of the Dining Room
Dining Areas
Primary Activities
 Setting the table
 Serving food
 Eating
 Cleaning up after
meals
 Storing dishes
Secondary Activities
 Children’s Play
 Reading
 Writing
 Studying and Home
Work
 Entertainment
 Board Games
Principal factors-
o Numbers of person to
be seated.
o Space for chairs and
for passage behind
them.
o Space used for table.
o Storage space for
china, glassware’ silver
and linen.
o Size and Type of
Furniture.
o Seating Arrangement.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Way to living room
Powder
room
Way to kitchen
Main circulation

Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Jitesh Thakur
www.dezyneecole.com
S.n
o
Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1 Dining 4’x4’ 5’x5’
2 Chair 18’’x24’’ 24’’x24’’
3 Powder room 4’x4’ 4’x4’
4 Storage cabinet 3’6’’x2’ Varies
7 Window 4’ Varies
8 Door 4’ 6’
Dining Areas
Size of place setting
The minimum width needed
for each place setting is 21
inches. How ever a width of
up of 29 inches is desirable
for greater freedom of
movement. A 25-inch width
is usually adequate; this
permits chairs 19 inches
wide to be placed 6 inches
apart. The minimum depth
for place setting is 14 ½
inches. These dimensions
allow space for china,
glassware, silver and elbow.
Passage Behind Chairs
The minimum space
recommended for passage
behind chairs is 22 inches, a
satisfactory range is 22 to 25
inches. If passage behind the
chairs is not required, a
minimum of 5 inches plus
the depth of the chair must
be provided for pushing
back chair while leaving the
table.
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
Powder
room
Way to
kitchen
Way to living
Back circulation
Main circulation

Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Jitesh Thakur
www.dezyneecole.com
S.n
o
Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1 Table size 9’6’’x5’6’’ 12’x6’
2 Chair Size 18’’x24’’ 24’’x24’’
5 Storage Cabinet 4’4’’x2’ Varies
6 Window 4’ Varies
7 Door 4’ 6’
Dining Areas
Size of Table
The minimum Width
recommended is 36 inches as
Satisfactory width is 36 to 44
inch if 25 inch-wide pace setting
are Provided and if one Person is
Seated at Each of Table, then
Minimum and Recommended
Table Lengths are follows:
-
Space for Total Dining Area
:
Person LxW ‘
feet
Area
4 10-
12x12
=126
6 10-
12x14
=147
8 10-
12x14
=168
10 10-
12x18
=189
12 10-
12x20
=210
Perso
ns
Minimum’ ‘’ Max, ‘’
4 54 60
6 79 84
8 104 108
10 129 132
12 154 156
12
3
4
Back circulation
Powder
room
Way to kitchen
Main circulation
Way to living
5
6
7

Living Room Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Living Area
Standard Dimensions
Jitesh Thakur
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Living Room
Living Areas
Typical furniture group in the
living area –
1. Primary conversation
group: chairs and sofa,
grouped around a
fireplace, window or view.
2. Secondary conversation
group: chairs and love seat
at the end of room or an
the corner.
Space Function –
Primary Activities –
1. Entertainment
2. Watching television
3. Reading
4. Writing
5. Studying
Secondary Activities –
1. Dancing
2. Eating
3. Sewing
4. Parting
5. Playing music
Main Entrance
Way to Dining Area
Main Entrance

Kitchen Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Kitchen
Standard Dimensions
Top Plan of the Kitchen
Two Bedroom Kitchen
Three Bedroom KitchenTwo Bedroom Kitchen
Zero Bedroom Kitchen
Four Bedroom Kitchen
Jitesh Thakur

Bedroom Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Bedroom
Standard Dimensions
Jitesh Thakur
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Bed Room
Bedroom
 Single Occupancy Bed –
Size – 3’4’’x 6’
 Double Occupancy Bed –
Size – 6’x 7’
The minimum circulation of 3’
given between the two
beds and between the
bed towards the wall.

Bath Room Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Bath Room
Standard Dimensions
Jitesh Thakur
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Bath Room
Corner square tub.
Large 3- fixture bathroom 4 fixtures, 2 components
Generous half. bath

Bath Room Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Bath Room
Standard Dimensions
Jitesh Thakur
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Bath Room
Medium Half Bath.
Corner toilet in a half Bath
2 lavatory Batroom
Small 3- fixture bathroom

PLANNING CONSIDERATION
All Buildings Exerts Direct And Indirect Influence On The People Who Use The
Building As Well As The One’s Who See The Buildings. To Design Any Living Area,
Proper Planning And Brain Storming Needs To Be Done. The Planning Phase Of Any
Residence Is The Most Important Phase Because This Leads To The Development Of
The Structure Of The House Based On The Shape And Form. The Design Must B
Planned Based On The Needs Of The Person. Being An Interior Designer, One Has To
See That Our Design Has To Be Functional So That The Person Can Feel And Enjoy To
Live In The Space.
In India, We Have A Climate Which Is Hot And Dry Throughout The Year And
The Sun Shines Brightly The Whole Year With Winter Months Being Less. To Devise
A Proper Design One Must See The Outside Building Envelope Along With The
Interior Space To Meet The Client Requirements, Now, According To This, I Have To
Devise A Plan For Living Area.
While Planning Anything For Living Areas One Must Consider The Size And
The Location Of The Plot. At Time The Area Of The Plot Is Given, We Need To Fond
(Length X Width) (Here I Am Assuming A Rectangular Living Room). It Is Always
Advisable To Visit The Location Of The Plot.
Firstly, We Have To Put The Magnetic Compass At The Center Of The Plot.
Then, Check With The Four Directions (I.E., North-south-east-west) Of The Plot.
While Designing We Have To Take Care Of Utilizing Maximum Sunlight In The House
And Then Locate The Activities Which Requires Energy And Happiness Between The
Four Direction. The Architect Is Faced With Either Of The Two Possible Situations
While Planning
1. When The Site For The Proposed Building Is Already Earmarked.
2. When The Site For The Building Is Not Decided And The Choice Is Left To The
Planner.
In Situation Under (1) Above The Architect Has To Evolve The Scheme Paying Due
Regard To The Existing Building.
Whereas In Situation Under (2) The Architect Enjoys, Freedom In Making Choice Of
The Site,

 Some Points Are Necessary To Be Kept In Consideration.
• Aspect :- It Means The Arrangement Of Doors And Windows To The Buildings
External Walls Which Permits The Occupants To Enjoy The Gifts Of Nature Via
Sun, Breeze, Outside Scenery, Etc. This Is Necessary To Ensure The Proper
Conditions In The Room By The Contribution Of Sunlight, Ventilation, And View.
• Prospect : Prospect Is The Term Which Refers To Making A Building
Aesthetically Pleasing From Outside. Hence The Aspect And Prospect Demand
Proper Placement Of Doors And Windows To Make The Aesthetics Pleasing
While The Person Is Sitting Inside The Building And Looking Outside Or Looking
At The Building From Outside. But This Has To Be Done Without Compromising
The Privacy Of The Occupants.
• Grouping :- Every Apartment In A Building Has Got A Definite Function And
There Is Some Inter-relationship Of Sequence In Between Them. Grouping
Consists In Arranging Various Rooms In The Layout Plan Of The Building.
• Circulation :- Circulation Is The Access Provided To A Room Or Between Rooms.
Passages, Halls And Lobbies Perform The Function Of Circulation On The Same
Floor, This Is Known As Horizontal Circulation. Others As Stairs Ramps And Lifts
Are Known As Vertical Circulation.
• Sanitation :- Sanitation Covers Not Only Sanitary Conveniences Like W.C.,
Urinals, Bathroom, Wash Basin Etc. But Also Proper And Adequate Lighting
Ventilation And Facilities For General Cleaning Of The Building. Good Ventilation
Is Important To Achieve Desired Comfort Conditions In A Building. Ventilation Is
Essential As It Remove The Air Pollution By Respiration And Other Objectionable
Unpleasant Décor. Ventilation May Be Achieved By Natural Or Artificial Means.
In Case Of Natural Ventilation The Circulation Of Air Takes Place Through Doors,
Windows And Ventilation.
In Case Of Artificial Ventilation The Change Of Air Is Effected By Mechanical
Means.

• Privacy :- Privacy Is Considered To Be One Of The Most Important Principle Of
Planning In All Buildings Specially In Residential Buildings. Privacy May Be From
One Part To Another Part Of The Same Building Or It May Be The Privacy Of All
Parts Of The Building From Neighboring Buildings, Public Streets Or By Ways
Etc.
• Furniture Requirement : The Furniture Requirement Of A Room Or An
Apartment Upon The Functions Required To Be Performed Therein. The
Furniture Requirement Of A Living Room In A Dwelling Will Be Different From
That Of A Class Room In A Class Room In A School An Operating Theatre In A
Nursing Home/ Hospital. There Are No Rigid Rules Which Govern The Furniture
Requirement Of A Particular Room In A Dwelling.
• Elegance - Elegance Is The Term Used To Express The Effect Produced By The
Elevation And General Layout Of The Building. Hence For A Building To Be
Elegant, And Its Layout Should Fit In Well In Relation To The Site And Its
Environment.
• Flexibility :- It Means Designing Certain Rooms Required For Specific Purpose In
Such A Manner That They May Be Used For Overlapping Functions As And When
Desired. This Concept Is Particularly Important For Designing Houses Where
Area’s Can Not Be Increased From Consideration Of Cost Yet The Provision Of
Additional Facilities Is Desired During Functions.
• Economy - Economy Is One Of The Very Important Factors Which Is Required To
Be Kept In View While Envolving Any Scheme. Every Unit Of The Built Up Area Is
A Function Of Cost And As Such The Architect Has To Make Sure That The
Building Planned By Him Can Be Completed Within The Funds Available For The
Project.
1. Conceive Simple Elevation Without Ornamental Work.
2. Standardize The Size Of Various Components Of The Building.
3. Do Not Use Rich Specifications For Internal And External Finishes.
4. Do Not Use Timber For Doors/Windows Frames. Use R.C.C. Frames On L-iron
Steel Frames Instead.
5. Adopt Single Stack System For Plumbing.

 Building Bye- Laws - Building Bye-laws Consists Of Certain Rules And
Regulations Framed By A Municipal Or Town Planning Or Urban Development Board To
Control The Development Of Area Under Its Jurisdiction. The Aim Of Framing The Bye-
laws Is To Ensure Provision Of Reasonable Minimum Requirements And Standards In
The Planning. The Bye-laws Are Framed Paying Due Regard To The Weather
Conditions, Local Construction Practice, Availability Of Material, Labor And Other
Similar Factors.
 Objective Of Bye-laws – The Building Bye Laws Are Essential To Achieve The
Following Objectives –
1. It Prevents Construction Of Building In A Haphazard Manner.
2. It Lays Down Guidelines To Be Followed By Architect In Ivolving The Building
Layout And Plans To Ensure Planned Development Of The Area As A Whole.
3. The Building Which Are Planned Based On Bye-laws Are Comfortable To Live In,
Have Proper Light And Ventilation And Are Safe.
4. Bye- Laws Serve As A Standard Document For The Local Bodies To Lawfully
Enforce The Prescribed Norms In The Planning.
 The Various Aspects Of Building Activities Covered By The Bye-laws
Is Summarised As Under –
1. Distance From Electric Lines
2. Lines Of Building Frontages
3. Open Space Within A Plot
4. Built Up Area Limitations
5. Norms Related To Size And Height Of Rooms And Other Requirements Of Part Of
Building.
6. Lighting And Ventilation Of Rooms
7. Parking Spaces
8. Exit Requirements
9. Fire Protection Requirements
10. Structural Safety Requirements
11. Building Services

LOUIS KAHN’S PRINCIPLE
1. Leader/Following: Leader Means A Person Who Leads And Forms Group Of
Following. In Planning Living Room Can Be Characterized As Leader.
2. Grouping: The space which carry the same character with other spaces is called
grouping. In planning living room, kitchen and dining are grouped together as they
have the same character.
3. Loner: Loner is a place which requires more privacy of sound and site & avoids
social interactions. This character is preferred by the master bedroom. So it needs
to be distanced from living, kitchen and dining.
Every Human Being Has A Different Personality That
Consist Of One Or More Characteristics. Their
Personalities React Differently In Different Environment
Or With Different People. Every Space Has Its Own
Personality With Several Spatial Characters That Differ By
Projects. These Characters Cause The Space To Interact
With Other Spaces In A Certain Manner. These
Characteristics Can Be Categorized As Seven Expressions
Oh Human Behavior.

4. Servant: A Space Which Serves Other Spaces In Someway Needs To Be Adjacent To
Them. Servant Needs To Be Near The Master. Rest Room Plays A Servant Character.
5. Worker: A Space That Often Supplies Other Spaces Is Called As Worker. It Is Not
Necessary That The Space Should Be Adjacent To The Other Spaces. A Service Area
Usually Has A Worker Character As A Janitor Room.
6. Watcher: This Space Needs To Be Located Beside The Boundary Of Project For
Environmental Attraction. The Attractions Can Be Different Types Of Environmental
Conditions Like View, Park Etc.
7. Outreaching: This Space Character Is Located Near The Entrance Or Corridor For
Meeting Or Activities That Relate To Outreaching. This Type Of Space Represent As
A Welcome Space.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF
HOUSE
LEFT ELEVATION RIGHT ELEVATION
BACK ELEVATION FRONT ELEVATION

3D VIEW OF HOUSE
DAY LIGHT VIEW NIGHT VIEW
JITESH THAKUR, B.S.C I.D.

From The Plot Size Of 50’x60’, I Have Designed An Living Room Of Size 15’x15’6’’. The
Requirement Of The Client Is To Give The Reading Area And The Sitting Area For Guests.
And With A View Outside.
CASE STUDY

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
The Elements Are Components Or Parts Which Can Be Isolated And Defined In Any
Visual Design Or Work Of Art. They Are The Structure Of The Work ,And Can Carry A
Wide Variety Of Messages. The Elements Are-
• Point
• Line
• Shape ,Form And Space
• Movement
• Color
• Pattern
• Texture
 Point
Even If There Is Only One Point Or One Mark On A Blank Page There Is Something
Built Into The Brain That Will Meaning For It And It Seeks Some Kind Of Relationship
Or Order. If There Are Two Points, Immediately The Eve Will Make A Connection And
See A Line. If There Is Three Points It Is Unavoidable To Interpret Them As A Triangle
The Mind Supplies The Connections.
 Line
A Line Is A Mark Made By A Moving Point And Having Psychological Impact According
To Its Direction, Weight And The Variation In Its Direction And Weight. It Is
Enormously Useful And Versatile Graphic Device That Is Made To Function Is Both
Visual And Verbal Ways.
 Forms And Shape
Forms And Shape Are Areas Or Masses Which Define Objects In Space. Forms And
Shape Imply Space; Indeed They Cannot Exist Without Space. Form And Shape Can Be
Thought Of As Either Two-dimensional Or Three-dimensional. Two-dimensional Form
Has Width And Height. It Can Also Create The Illusion Of Three-dimensional Object.
Three-dimensional Shapes Has Depth As Well As Width And Height.

 MOVEMENT
Movement Is The Design Element That Operates In Fourth Dimension- Time.
Movement Is The Process Of Relocation Of Object In Space Over Time. We Can Speak
Of Movement As Literal Or Compositional. The Physical Fact Of Movement Is Part Of
Certain Designed Objects; We Are Speaking Here Of Literal Movement.
 COLOUR
Color Is One Of The Most Power Full Element. It Has Tremendous Expressive
Qualities. Understanding The Use Of Color Is Cr4ucial To Effective Composition In
Design And The Fine Art. The Word Color Is General Term Which Applies To The
Whole Subject- Red Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Black And White And All
Possible Combinations Therefore.
 PATTERN
Pattern Is An Underlying Structure That Organizes Surface Or Structure In A
Consistent, Regular Manner4. Pattern Can Be Describe As A Repeating Unit Of Shape
Or Form, But It Can Also Be Thought Of As The “Skeleton” That Organizes The Part Of
Composition.
 TEXTURE
Texture Is The Quality Of An Object Which We Sense Through Touch. It Exists As A
Literal Surface We Can Feel, But Also As A Surface We Can See, And Imagine The
Sensation Might Have If We Felt It. Texture Can Also Be Portrayed In An Image,
Suggested To The Eye Which Can Refer To Our Memories Of Surface We Have
Touched. So A Texture Can Be Imaginary.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The Principles Are Concepts Used To Organize Or Arrange THE Structural Elements Of
Design. The Way In Which These Principles Are Applied Affects The Expressive
Content, Or The Messages Of The Work. The Principles Are-
 BALANCE
 PROPORTION
 RHYTHM
 EMPHASIS
 UNITY
 BALANCE
It Id The Concept Of Visual Equilibrium And Relates To Our Physical Sense Of Balance.
It Is A Reconciliation Of Opposing Forces In A Composition That Results In Visual
Stability. Most Successful Composition Achieves Balance In One Of Two Ways:
Symmetrically Or Asymmetrically Balance In A Three Dimensional Object Is Easy To
Understand If Balance Isn’t Achieved, The Object Tips Over. To Understand Balance In
A Two Dimensional Composition, We Must Use Our Imagination To Carry This Three
Dimensional Analogy Forward To The Flat Surface.
 Proportion
It Refers To The Relative Size And Scale Of The Various Elements In A Design. This
Issue The Relationship Between Object And Part Of Whole. This Means That It Is
Necessary To Discuss Proportion In Term Of The Context Or Standard Used To
Determine Proportions. A Surprising Aspect Of Proportion Is Way Ideal Proportion
Can Vary For The Human Body Itself.
 RHYTHM
It Can Be Described As Timed Movement Though Space; An Easy, Connected Path
Along Which The Eye Follows A Regular Arrangement Of Motifs. The Presence Of
Rhythm Creates Predictability And Order In A Composition. Rhythm Depends Largely
On Sound/ Music Are Very Exact To The Idea Of Rhythm Is A Visual Composition. The
Different Is That The Timed “Beat” Is Sensed By Eyes Rather Than The Ears.

 EMPHASIS
It Is Also Referred To As A Point Focus Or Interruption. It Marks The Locations In A
Composition Which Most Strongly Draw The Viewers Attention. Usually There Is A
Primary, Or Main, Point Of Emphasis, With Perhaps Secondary Emphases In Other
Parts Of The Composition. The Emphasis Is Usually An Interruption In The
Fundamental Pattern Or Movement Of The Viewers Eyes Though The Composition, Or
A Break In The Rhythm.
 UNITY
It Is The Underlying Principle That Summarizes All Of The Principles And Elements Od
Design. It Refer To The Coherence Of The Whole, The Sense That All Of The Parts Are
Working Together To Achieve A Common Result; A Harmony Of All The Parts. Unity
Can Also Be A Matter Of Concept. The Elements And Principles Can Be Selected To
Support The Intended Function Of The Designed Object; The Purpose Of The Object
Unifies The Design.

DESIGN PROCESS
The Design Process Is A Term That Covers A Set Of Operations Which, When Carefully
Undertaken By The Designer, Result In Thoroughly Considered And Well Crafted Design
Solutions That Meets The Needs Of The Client. The Process Is Not Exclusive To Interior
Design And, In One Form Or Another, Applies To All Fields Of Design. Design Must Be
Seen As A Largely Linear Activity, With A Start Point (At Which The Client Makes First
Contact With The Designer) , And An End Point, When The Project Has Been
Implemented (That Is, Constructed Or Built). However, The Reality Is That Within The
Process Many Individual Tasks Are Interrelated And Highly Dependent Upon One
Another, So Changes To One Element Of A Design Solution Will Often Require That
Earlier Parts Of The Process Are Revisited And Revised As Appropriate. You Should Try
To See The Design Process As A Malleable One Where The Different Tasks Are
Adaptable To The Unique Nature Of Each Project. The Design Process Is Not A
Standard ‘One Set Fits All’ Solution, And You Will Need To Develop Your Understanding
Of It So That You Can See How It Might Be Used To Meet The Needs Of Individual
Projects That You Work On.
Further The Design Process Is Classified Into 4 Broad Categories:
1. ANALYSIS
2. DEVELOPMENT
3. IMPLEMENTATIONS
4. EVALUATION
 ANALYSIS: Analysis Is Relevant At Two Related But Distinct Parts Of The Project
Cycle: In The Very Earliest Stages, Before In Depth Design Work Takes Place, The
Designer Will Need To Assess The Scale And Complexity Of The Project Work To Be
Undertaken. This Will Allow Preliminary Estimates To Be Made Of The Time And
Resources Needed To Complete The Project, And These Will In Turn Provide A
Foundation Upon Which The Designer Can Base A Free Proposal. Part Of The Work At
This Stage Will Involve In Determining The Scope Of The Project And The Likely Format
And Content Of The Presentation, As This Will Control, To A Large Degree, The Amount
Of Drawings And Visuals That Are Prepared, All Of Which Take Time That Will Need To
Be Charged To The Client. . Once Analysis Is Complete , Conclusions Regarding Style
And Content Of The Project Can Be Summarized By Creating A Concept. This Will Then
Be Used To Generate Ideas And Drive The Project.

 DEVELOPMENT: During These Stage, Many Different Strands Of The Finished
Design Will Be Coming Together. Since Planning Will Be A Major Priority . Taking
Account Of Ergonomics Needs, The Designer Will Seek To Create A Balanced And
Effective Furniture Layout That Meets The Functional Needs, As The Designer
Will Seek To Create A Balanced And Effective Furniture Layout That Meets The
Functional Needs Of The Users . The Designer Will Be Sourcing Furniture,
Finishes And Fabrics Which Will Be Chosen For Their Aesthetic And Practical Fit
With The Concept, With Space Planning Constraints Also Informing Furniture
Choices .
 IMPLEMENTATION: After All The Design Work Hs Been Agreed And Signed Off
By The Client, Implementation Can Begin. Once Contractors Have Been Engaged To
Carryout The Work, The Involvement Of The Designer Could Be Minimal, With A
Number Of Site Visits To Check That Work Is Being Accomplished As Intended. The
Designer Could , On The Other Hand , Be Involved In A Very Hands On Supervisory
Role. The Term Project Management Is Sometimes Restricted To Those Who Have
Undertaken Specific Training In That Subject, So The Designer May Find Legal
Limitations On What They Are Able To Contribute To This Part Of The Process. Even If
This Is The Case , It Is Likely That The Designer’s Input Will Be Required To Resolve
Some Of The Issues That Are Bound To Arise As The Implementation Progresses. This
May Well Be A Much Greater Number Of Drawings That Was Needed To Communicate
Your Design Proposals To The Client. Even At The Implementation Stage It May Be
Necessary To Create New Drawings To Deal With Some Of The Unexpected And
Unforeseen Situation That Arise. Decisions Made And Changes Agreed Need To Be
Fully Documented And Recorded, As Disagreements Could Be Costly And Cause
Friction Between The Parties Involved.
 EVALUATION: It Is Healthy For A Designer To Constantly Question The Chain Of
Decisions That Have Been Taken To That Point, And To Maintain A Self-critical Attitude
Towards Everything Throughout The Life Of A Project. Before Reaching The
Implementation Stage, Revising Work That Has Already Been Done Can Be A Healthy
Way To Work. From The Clients Point Of View , The Design Process Is Usually
Considered Complete After The Implementation Stage, But The Designer Should Also
Evaluate The Project In An Effort To Learn From It. A Time Of Reflection Will Be
Valuable Immediately After The Design Has Been Delivered, As Lessons Learned During
The Process Will Still Be Fresh In The Mind, And It Is Good Practice To Revisit The
Project After An Appropriate Period Has Be Elapsed , As Lesson Which Become
Apparent Only After A Space Has Been Occupied And Its Functional Can Be Learned.
While It May Or May Not Be Possible To Rectify Any Shortcomings That Are Identified
On Individual Project At This Stage. Whatever The Extent Of The Work Undertaken To
Try To Visualize The Finished Outcome Of Project During Development, There Will Be
Some Instances Where You Can Only Properly Judge Some Of Your Aesthetic Decisions
As The Project Is Implemented. Although It May Be Possible To Make Changes At This
Stage, There Will Almost Certainly Be Cost Implications. It May Be More Appropriate
To Simply Learn The Lessons For Next Time, But Take No Action At The Site.

ELEMENTS OF STYLE
Today we are heirs to a legacy of fine building and to a continuing fascination with the
details and stylistic which give our houses their character.
In Britain and the interest in old houses has become something of national obsession.
Today the houses we live in have become a major concern and as houses are being
developed on human scale. Today the interiors of house effect our quality of life which
we enjoy there.
I as a student of interior design give a short note on different styles as per there time
periods. In the 1st year I have came across only 3 periods of styles in detail.
 GOTHIC STYLE – Gothic period design was influenced by Roman and Medieval
architecture. Its initial design period was c 11500 to 1550, but saw a revival in the 19th
century by the Victorian.
Gothic design was the first true ecclesiastical style and was symbolic of the triumph of
the catholic church over paganism in Europe. The new age of searing cathedrals meant
the initiation of new methods of building to support this extreme weight.
Furniture was massive and oak, adorned with Gothic motifs. Chairs, beds framed,
cabinets were sturdy and featured arches, spiral-turned legs and rich upholstery in
dark colors. Old church furniture such as pews, benches and trestle tables finish the
look. Victorian gothic reproduction and Arts and Crafts era furniture can be used as an
acceptable alternative.
 BAROQUE STYLE – Baroque period design started in early 17th century. Its design
period was 1625-1714. Baroque period had heavy ornamentation carving. It had
elaborate doors specially the front door. Furniture was massive and oak wood was
commonly used. Oak wood was something painted to resemble walnut or like marble.
The furniture pieces were heavily ornamented. The fire places were very beautiful and
the over mantle too was exquisite.
GOTHIC
STYLE
BAROQ
UE
STYLE
Rococo
STYLE
NEOCLA
SSICAL
STYLE
ECLECTI
C
STYLE
ART&C
RAFTS
STYLE
ART
NOUVE
AU
STYLE
ART
DECO
STYLE
1600-
1620
1620-
1700
1700-
1760
1760-
1830
1830-
1880
1880-
1900
1900-
1920
1920-
1945

Baroque Had Elaborate Doors Specially The Front Door. They Were Often Canopied By
A Shell Or Placed In A Porch. Columns Were The Most Expensive Frame To A Door.
Baroque Houses Had Stone Flag Floors, Marble Was Used In Two Or More Colors So
That They Produced Illusionistic Pattern. The Surface Appeared To Very In Depth.
ROCOCO STYLE – Late Baroque Is An 18th Century Artistic Movement & Style. It
Developed In Paris, France, As A Reaction Against The Grandeur & Strict Designs Of
Baroque, As Seen In The Palace Of Versailles.
Rococo Style Used Light Columns, Graceful Approach, Asymmetrical Design (One Half
Of The Design Does Not Match The Other Half). Doors Is A Principle Ornamental
Feature, Paneled Door Were Very Tall And Later Had A Fanlight. The Front Doors Were
Painted In Dark Colors Or They Grained To Initiate Wood. They Had Handsome Ring
Handles. The Five Order Of Pillars Used Mainly As A Decorative Detail Around The
Door Cases And Porches Are Tuscan, Dorick, Lonick, Corinthian And Composite.
Casement Windows Were Used Mainly Double Hung Windows. Mainly Soft Wood Was
Used Which Was Protected By White Lead Paint. This Paint Work Was A Typical
Georgian Look. Wooden Paneling Was Seen In Three Part Division, Frieze, Field And
Dado And The Derived All This From The Proportion Of Architrave, Column And Base
Of The Classical Order. Wooden Paneling Was Done To Full Height Of The Room, So
Less Expensive Wood Were Used & They Were Painted With Flat Oil Paint With Fancy
Effects. The Wa;;s Were Decorated With Tapestry Stretched On Silk Brocade.
Wallpapers Were Used, Cornices Were Ornamented In Baroque Time Period.

CONTEMPORARY STYLE
The Term Contemporary Style Is Applied To Range Of Styles Of Recently Built
Structures And Space Which Are Optimized For Current Use. Contemporary Design
Features More Of What’s Going On In Present Day, And With That Comes A
Comfortable And Inviting Space. Read On For Pointers To Turn Your Space Into A
Comfortable Contemporary Retreat. Contemporary Style Décor Revolves More Around
A Monochromatic, Minimalistic And Neutral Color Scheme. The Design Style Features
Asymmetrical Design, Rounded Forms And Graphical Patterns.
 Colors – The Dominant Color Palette In Contemporary Design Includes Neutrals,
Black And White. It Doesn’t Necessarily Have To Be Boring Or Bland. Keep The Main
Things Neutral (Walls And Large Furniture), But Accent The Room With Bright And
Bold Colors In The Form Of Accent Chairs, Pillows And Accessories. However, You Can
Mix It Up. If You Decide To Paint A Well A Bold Color, Then Use Neutral Décor Around
Your Space.
 Furnishing – In Contemporary Design, Furniture Should Have Smooth, Clean,
Geometric Shapes. Large Pieces Are Often Neutral, White Or Black In Color. Furniture
Should Be Simple, LESS IS MORE. Bare Space Is Just As Important As Furniture Pieces.
Couch And Chairs Should Be Uncultured And Without Decoration. Exposed Chair Legs
Are A Key Details In Contemporary Design, And Avoid Having Bed Skirts, Trim, Fringe,
Or Tassels Or Furniture. If Possible, Use Simple, Armless Furniture To Allow The Views
To Command The Room.
 Fabrics – When Choosing Fabric, Choose Textured Natural Fabrics, Such As Wool,
Cotton, Linen, Silk And Jute. This Creates A Natural Look, As Well As A Textural Appeal.
Soft Fabrics On The Sofa Will Add A Sense Of Comfort, And Using Shades Of Beige And
Cream Create A Calming Environment. Avoid Using Colorful And ‘Busy’ Prints, As This
Takes Away From The Simplicity Of Contemporary Design.
 Finishes – For Cabinet, Countertops And Furniture Pieces, Choose Pieces That Have
A Sleek Wood Finish. This Creates A Warm And Comfortable Room, And Surprisingly
Enough, The Sleek Wood Adds Softness To Contemporary Spaces. Additionally, Keep
Finishes Natural, As The Focus In Contemporary Design Is On Comfort.
 Accessories – Incorporating Aspects Of Nature Into Your Design Fits In With
Contemporary Style. Accessories Inspired By Nature Are Encouraged. One Way To Do
This Is Add Green Foliage, Which Adds Interest And Color, And It Add Green Foliage,
Which Adds Interest And Color, And It Also Brightens Up A Neutral Color. Dress Up
Your Furniture With Throw Pillows, Using Colors That Accent The Other Furniture And
Accessories In Your Room. To Create A Focal Point In The Room, Hang An Oversized
Abstract Painting On One Well. Another Way To Create A Focal Point Is To Arrange Your
Furniture In A Way That Encourage Conversation.

SCALE & PROPORTION
SCALE Is The Correlation Between The Actual Size Of An Object And A Standard
System Of Measurement. Visual Scale Is A Judgment We Make About The Relative
Sizes Of Objects. Human Scale Takes This Desire To Compare A Stage Further As It Look
At The Relationship Between The Dimensions Of A Space Or Object And Their Fit With
The Proportion Of The Human Body. When Something Is Scaled To Fit Or Work Easily
With The Human Body, It Can Be Said To Be Of Human Scale- Examples Could Be A
Kitchen Worktop Or A Flight Of Stairs. Large Space Induce A Sense Of Awe And
Wonder Through Their Size, For Example, But Taken To Extremes This Mismatch Of
Scale . On The Other Hand, Small Spaces Could Feel Welcoming And Protecting, Or
Might Feel Claustrophobic.
Since The Interior Architect Is Usually Concerned With Providing Space For
Human Activity We Use The Size Of A Human As That ‘Something Else’ And In Doing So
Are Able To Refer To ‘Human Scale’.
PROPORTION Is The Relationship Of Between Different Things Or Parts With
Respect To Comparative Size, Number Or Degree. It Can Be Considered As A Part With
Respect To The Whole. It Is The Relationship Between The Parts Of A Whole That Has
Been Subdivided Of The Vertical To The Horizontal, The Width To The Depth Of The
Length To The Height. It Tells Us Something Is Thick Or Thin, Wide Or Flat, Tall Or
Short. The Designer Has The Ability To Control The Proportion Of The Form And Spaces
Within And Around The Building. The Decision To Make A Room Square Or Oblong In A
Plan, Intimate Or Lofty In Scale Or To Endow A Building With An Imposing, But On
What Basis Are These Decision made.
 THEORY OF PROPORTION -
 Golden Section & Fibonacci Series
 Classical Orders
 Renaissance Theories
 Modular
 Ken
 Anthropometry
 Scale
Leonardo Fibonacci Discovered A Sequence Of Number Like The Following Series.
1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610………

CHAIR DESIGN
Wassily Chair
Marcel Breuer (1925)
kubus Chair
Joseph Hoffman (1910)
MR. Chair
Mies Van Der Rohe (1927)
LC 9 Lounge Chair
Le Corbusier (1928)
LC 2 Arm Chair
Le Corbusier
Barcelona Chair
Mies Van Der Rohe

CHAIR DESIGN
Eames Chair
(1948)
Wired Eames Chair
LCW Chair
Charles Cames & Ray Eames
Eames Lounge Chair
(1956)
Porter Chair
Barcelona stool
Mies Van Der Rohe

CHAIR DESIGN
Egg Chair
Ghost Chair
LC 3 Chair
Standard Chair Bar Stool
Windson Chair

CHAIR DESIGN
Watchman’s Chair
Wing Chair
Folding Chair
Rocking Chair

Dynamic-Wins
As vital mood creates the dynamic,
energetic, forceful, spirit and vibrant
environment in the interior space. So
the name of my design is given as
DYNAMIC-WINS. As dynamic is
dominant in the design.

Mood-Vital
Vitality and enthusiasm are best
promoted in design and graphics by
using the hue most commonly known as
vermillion, or any of its many tints and
shades. By using color combinations with
this red-orange hue at the center, a
feeling of vigor and warmth can easily be
created. These combinations are
youthful and playful and are often seen
in advertisement displaying energetic
lifestyles and personalities. The
combination of red-orange partnered
with its complements. The following
colors are procured from Asian paints
color pallet.
Colours
Living Room
Perfect Peach
8000
Dreamside
7954
Orange Appeal
7949

Contemporary Style
Contemporary interior design is the opposite of
classic. It is bold and trendy and emphasizes
popular design. In contemporary homes, shapes
and texture take the spotlight. Natural materials,
such as lines and jute are often paired with
curvy, geometric furniture and mix and match
metal and wood, unlike stark modern or elegant
traditional spaces, a contemporary house is not
afraid of colors, bright, contrasting hues and
stark black and white are both often found in this
interior design style. Contemporary style is often
defined by clean lines with a casual atmosphere,
open spaces, natural colors, and elements and
material inspired by nature. Chevron pattern,
chalkboard paint and plastic furniture might be
popular today, but contemporary decorating
ideas always evolves to stay on top of what’s
new. When it comes to contemporary
architecture dramatic and shapes are must have
components, white indoor-outdoor living, open
floor plans and natural light are also key.
Living Room
Way to Dining
Room
Living
Room
Entranc
e
Vestibule
Residential Design

Living Room
RoomWay to Dining
Room
Living
Room
Entrance
Vestibule
Wall 1
Contemporary Style
Wall Board
Wall 1
Marshalls-non woven Fabric yellows
wallpaper
Window Type – Casement Window
Size – 6ft. X 5ft.
Company – Local Market
Material – Wood and Glass
Size – 0.54mtr. x 10mtr. = 5.4sq.mtr
(58sq.ft)

Contemporary Style Living Room
Way to Dining
Room
Living
Room
Entranc
e
Vestibule
Wall Board
2
Wall 2
Color –
Company – Asian Paints
Dreamside
7954
Window Type –Picture Window
Size – 3ft. X 5ft.
Company – Local Market
Material – Wood and Glass

Contemporary Style
Living Room
RoomWay to Dining
Room
Living
Room
Entranc
e
Vestibule
Floor Board
Way to Dining Room
Living Room
Entrance
Vestibule
Wooden Flooring
Types of Flooring
Vitrified Tile Flooring
Ceramic Flooring
Marble and quartz Rio Crema Dune
300x300 mm
Company – NITCO tiles
Ceramic Tile
Company – Asterlano
Price – 3,495Rs
Material – Wool
Color - Orange
Size - 96in. X 60in. (LXB)
Machine made
CARPET

Contemporary Style Living Room
Room
Light Board
Brand – The light house
Size – 12in. X 12in x 57in.
Price –1,655 Rs.
Shade Color – Off White
Base Color – Black
Shade Material – Poly cotton
Brand– SGC
Size – 28in x 4in.
Price –3,567 Rs.
Shade Color – Off White
Material - Metal
Site - Woodworth
Size – 9in. X 6in.
Shade – 16in. (Dia.)
Shade Height – 10in.
Price –2,039 Rs.
Base Color – Walnut Color
Weight – 3.5 Kg.
Brand – Philips
Price – 11$
Base Color – Brown
Brand – Philips
Size – Area 30sq. Mtr.
Price – 8,807
Base Color – Brown
Model No. – L8669
Brand – Philips
Price – 3,734 Rs.
Base Color – Silver
Brand – Crompton
Price – 850 Rs.
Power – 2W
Brand – SGC
Price - 2,279 Rs.
Color – Silver

Contemporary Style Living
Room
Accessories Board
Brand – Local Market
Price –1,800 Rs.
Frame Color – Black
Material - Wood
Brand – Sanskruti
Size – 6.3in.(L) x 6.3in.(W) x 8.7in.(H)
Price –967 Rs.
Color – Orange
Material - Glass
Living
Room
Living Room
Room
Brand – Sanskruti
Size – 11.5in.(L) x 7.6in.(W) x 14in.(H)
Price – 2,583 Rs.
Color – Orange
Material – Polyresin
Weight – 850 Gram
Color - white
Brand – Decardo Flower Vase
Size – 3.5in. (Dia.) x 13in.(H)
Price –392 Rs.
Color – Orange
Material – Ceramic
Weight – 800 Gram
Price –351 Rs.
Color – Orange, Brown &
White
Material - Upholstery
Company – Asterlano
Price – 3,495Rs
Material – Wool
Color - Orange
Size - 96in. X 60in. (LXB)
Machine made
Brand – Marigold
Price – 1727 Rs.
Color – Beige
Material - Polyester
Size – 12in. (Dia.)
Price – 831 Rs.
Color – Brown
Material – Wood And
Glass

Contemporary Style
Way to Dining
Room
Living Room
Entrance
Vestibu
le
Furniture Board
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
5.
7.
8.
S.No Brand Price (Rs) Material
Dimension
(LXBXD)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Local Market
Prestige
Woodsworth
Florinaopolis
No-branco
No-branco
Sba Furniture
4,500
3,586
5,567
11,550
17,550
3,586
3,723
Wood&
Leather
Solid wood
Mango wood
Polyester
Polyester
Wood&
glass
Polyester
32’’x32’’
22’’x18’’x18’’
14’’x40’’x40’’
30’’x30’’x33’’
30’’x57’’x33’’
30’’x69’’x33’’
28’’x18’’x18’’
8.
Tomel Wall
Shelf 3,499 Wood 36’’x30’x9’’ Residential Design
Living Room

Architectural Layouts
Of Living Room

Top Plan 1,3,5
Project
Note Project Report Drawing Title Date of Project Submitted To Submitted By
Date of Given-
Date of Sub.-
Residential Design Double Flemish Bond Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Jitesh Thakur
Ist Year Diploma
Top Plan 2,4,6
Elevation
3d View Isometric View
Header
Streather
- Flemish Bond
Double Flemish Bond
In this each course presents
the same appearance both in
the front and back elevations.
Every course consists of
headers and stretchers laid
alternately.
Weathered pointing used in
the face work of the wall. In
this the mortar is cut or
struck off with a trowel.
Weathered joint is effective
because it shades water.
Half Bat
Stretcher
Quarter queen
clouser
Queen closure
Header
Pointing Top plan
Weathered pointing
In this arrangement each
course consists of alternate
header and stretcher. The
alternate header of each
course are centered over the
stretchers in the course
below. Every alternate course
starts with a header at the
corner . For the breaking of
vertical joints in the successive
courses, closers are inserted in
alternate courses next to the
quoin header.
1st Course
2nd Course
Mortar layer

Top Plan 1,3,5 Project
Note Project Report Drawing Title Date of Project Submitted To Submitted By
Date of Given-
Date of Sub.-
Residential Design English Bond Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Jitesh Thakur
Ist Year Diploma
Top Plan 2,4,6
Elevation
3d View Isometric View
This bond consists of
alternate course of header
and stretcher. In this
arrangement, vertical joints
in the header courses come
over each other and the
vertical joints in the stretcher
course are also in the same
line. For the breaking of
vertical joints in the
successive course it is
essential to place queen
closer, after the first header
in each heading course.
Pointing
Header
Stretcher
Header
Stretcher
Queen closure
Concave pointing is
used in the face work of the
wall
Quarter Queen closure
Top plan
Concave pointing
Tooled joint is used because
it provides maximum
protection against water
penetration and are used in
areas subject to high wind
and heavy rains.
Mortar layer
1st Course
2nd Course

COLOR SCHEME
TRIAD COLOR SCHEME

COLOR SCHEME
COMPLEMENTARY COLOR SCHEME
NEUTRAL COLOR SCHEME

COLOR SCHEME
MONOCHROMATIC COLOR SCHEME

ONE AND THE SAME COLOR
CAN SEEM DIFFERENT

CONCLUSION
As Interior Design Is Not Just About Designing A Space, But It Is About Creating A
Space As Per Human Needs And Wants. Interior Is An Personal Space Which Has To Be
Design Individually. Certain Planning And Functional Consideration Are Constant In Any
Residence, And Constant In Any Residence, And Although These Too May Be Ignored
By The Occupant Who Wishes To Be Strongly Individualistic, They Can Provide At Least
Basic Guideline. The Must Follow The BUILDING BYE LAWS And GREEN BUILDING I.E.
To Take Any Space As An Environmental Sensitive Manner And The Space Should Not
Harm The Environment. UNIVERSAL DESIGN Has Also Be Followed I.E. The Space
Should Be Effective For All The Person Living Inside The House. The Planning Process
Of The Residence House Starts With The Check List Of The Requirement Of Client, And
To Choose The Style Which Is Up To The Comfort Of The Client. We Create Positive
Environment In The Space By Giving Proper ANTHROPOMETRIC & ERGONOMIC
Dimensions. Giving Proper Daylighting And Ventilation In Space Which Increases The
Working Efficiency Of The Person Living Inside The House.

BIBLOGRAPHY
I Get The Knowledge Various Sources Which Increases My Knowledge And Provides
Me Guideline In The Making Of Residential Design Portfolio.
1. Building Construction, Sushil Kumar
2. Wikipedia Encyclopedia
3. Inside Outside
4. Society Interior Magazine
5. Better Interior Magazine
6. Home Décor Magazine
7. 50 Most Beautiful Homes In India
8. Color Harmony.

Jitesh Thakur,Interior Design 2 year Diploma programme

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