This talk will present the possibilities of the Ethereum blockchain to create applications and website that are decentralized and serverless

1. Web3.0 with Ethereum
Building

2. Jérôme de Tychey :-D
Who am I ?
● Director of ConsenSys Solutions in France
● Find me on social media @jdetychey
● email: jerome@consensys.net
● Background in economics (game theory and growth model)
● President of Asseth

3. ConsenSys is involved in 6 main activities
SOLUTIONS
Consult and deliver
production ready blockchain
solutions for the Enterprise
and Government markets
EDUCATION
Educate developers and
entrepreneurs about Ethereum
through training programs
STARTUP STUDIO
Incubate new companies developing
decentralized applications on the
Ethereum blockchain
3
INFRASTRUCTURE
Help grow the ecosystem by
building and maintaining core
developer tools and clients
CAPITAL
Provides token
services, crypto asset
management and
venture capital
ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Drive development of ecosystem
through focus groups
Enterprise
Ethereum
Alliance
Blockchain for
Social Impact
1 2
3
4
5
6
ConsenSys in Numbers:
~1200 staff in ~30 countries ~40 projects incubated
Offices in SF, Toronto, Toronto, London, Paris, Bucharest, Dubai, Cape
Town, Singapore, Melbourne, Tokyo, Berlin...

4. ConsenSys is involved in 6 main activities
SOLUTIONS
Consult and deliver
production ready blockchain
solutions for the Enterprise
and Government markets
EDUCATION
Educate developers and
entrepreneurs about Ethereum
through training programs
STARTUP STUDIO
Incubate new companies developing
decentralized applications on the
Ethereum blockchain
4
INFRASTRUCTURE
Help grow the ecosystem by
building and maintaining core
developer tools and clients
CAPITAL
Provides token
services, crypto asset
management and
venture capital
ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Drive development of ecosystem
through focus groups
Enterprise
Ethereum
Alliance
Blockchain for
Social Impact
1 2
3
4
5
6
ConsenSys in Numbers:
~1200 staff in ~30 countries ~40 projects incubated
Offices in SF, Toronto, Toronto, London, Paris, Bucharest, Dubai, Cape
Town, Singapore, Melbourne, Tokyo, Berlin...
!YES WE ARE HIRING!
https://consensys.net/open-roles/

5. Hooray!
France: We are now > Fifty!

6. ConsenSys in Paris and Upcoming Events
Ethereum Community Conference, in Paris, 5th, 6th et 7th March 2019
● 2000 attendees, 400 speakers
● Followed by ETHParis hackathon
● => Blockchain Week in Paris !! <=
● Have a glimpse at 2018 edition:
https://ethcc.io
● Team expansion from 7 to 50
● 20 engineers working on the delivery of
Enterprise clients in the financial sector
● Engaged by an European music festival organizer
to promote transparency in its payment system
● Operator of EU Blockchain Observatory & Forum
● Engaged by the French ministry of finance to help
define Gov Blockchain strategy
● Engaged by a French startup in IoT for retail to
design a blockchain powered reward system
● Various regulation & education related
achievements
October 2018 March 2019

7. General blockchain Theory

8. A subtil equilibrium between game theory (microeconomics), peer 2 peer networking, and
cryptography
Things to keep in mind when talking about blockchain
● New modifications are appended to the Ledger by
grouping them in a block that point to the last block,
hence the term “blockchain”: a chain of blocks;
● the state of Ledger is constructed by aggregating the
chained blocks of modifications, therefore keeping
track of the whole history of modifications;
● a Peer (aka node) of the Network keeps a copy of the
ledger;
● Replication guarantees availability and non tempering
of the information written in the ledger;
● the accounting unit allows the emergence of a
consensus on the state of the ledger through
incentivization mechanisms;
● the accounting unit is sometimes considered as a
currency, an asset, or a commodity.
Network
Ledger
Blockchain
Accounting
Unit
(Token)

9. Network, Ledger and Accounting unit, 3 intertwined pillars
Essential notions
Blockchain
Network
Accounting
unit (token)Ledger
The nodes (peers) replicate
the same ledger
The ledger notably tracks accounts of the user via a public key infrastructure
Appending a modification
to the ledger relies on
transferring tokens from
one user to another
The accounting unit
(token) incitivizes peers
to come to consensus
as they value the unit

10. The protocol relies on a elegant mix of hashing function, public-private cryptographic key pair, and
incentivization
Essential notions
Hashing
Incentives
Public
keys
Incentivization mechanisms bring consensus
among a large number of nodes and
guarantee the resilience of the network
Public keys are the entries or accounts of the
ledger, they also allow strong authentication
Functions that take data of arbitrary size as
input and output a data of fixed size. They are
one way and the output looks random. Hash
functions play a role consensus generation
and in keeping integrity of the ledger
Blockchain

11. The term blockchain reflect the structure of the ledger
Blockchain as a chain of blocks
Users can modify the ledger by broadcasting in the network a transaction containing their modification,
transactions are grouped in a block that points to the latest known block.
Blocks of transactions are
pointing to one another thus
forming a chain
Inclusion in a block comes
along with tamper-proof
sealing and timestamping

12. The term blockchain reflect the structure of the ledger
Blockchain as a chain of blocks
The Nonce if the proof of
validity of the block
The (native) Timestamp
facilitates lot of applications
Users can send transactions
to the P2P network.
Transactions (Txi) are
selected by miners
The reference to the previous block’s
hash makes the blockchain immutable
The Merkle tree structure
(hashing transactions, hash of
hash etc…) allows efficient
and secure verification of
content in a large body of data

13. Major innovation of blockchain technology lies in applications of new consensus algorithms
Consensus, why this block and not another ?
Leader selection
● Proof of Work (Meritocraty). The right to be the leader relies
on the computing work that has been done. This work is both
difficult to achieve and easy to attest when done. The work
done is usually wasted from one block to another. When
successful, workers are rewarded in tokens
● Proof of Stake (Capitalism). Users can put their tokens at
stakes and commit to coherence of new blocks. Leaders are
regularly chosen at random where chances of being chosen
reflect the stakes
● RAFT (Democracy). Leader is designated for a term that can
end prematurely if the node goes offline
● Proof of Authority (Monarchy), a list of leaders is established
with a priority order
● ...
● one node has to be the leader
● the leader creates the next block and broadcast it
Different forms of consensus reflect fault tolerance and resilience
to byzantine behaviours of the peers
Incentivization mechanism reward good behaviour
and sometimes punish bad behaviour

14. A Glimpse at an Ethereum’s block 3,930,000
https://etherscan.io/block/3930000

15. Ethereum, what is it? a world computer!

16. The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
● Ethereum is a blockchain, therefore it has the 3 pillars:
○ network of nodes…
○ ... replicating the same ledger….
○ ... and accounting with an accounting unit (ether)
● What’s special about Ethereum ?
○ Transaction can contain code
○ The nodes host a virtual machine called the EVM
● The EVM is turing complete
● But, the EVM has a pay as you go mechanism for code execution
● The EVM executes Opcode that are fundamental instructions such as
ADD, SUB, SSTORE...
A runtime environment for smartcontract

17. Neither smart nor contracts but immutable tamper-proof self executing contracts
Smart Contracts - Softwares deployed in the Ethereum Blockchain
Smart contracts
Smart contracts are code stored on the blockchain and self-executed,
using the trust and security of the blockchain network.
They provide an application logic that runs in a distributed fashion on the
Ethereum blockchain and operates using the power of the Turing-complete
Ethereum Virtual Machine (see next slide). It allows users to program
anything (sky is the limit!) and therefore enhance or completely redesign
business processes and services.
Dapps and DAOs
Collections of integrated smart contracts and traditional web technologies
realize a new breed of decentralized applications (dapps) and a create a
vision for decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs)
Ethereum pioneered token standards allowing businesses to create their
own tokens representing assets or utilities and still interact with the
Ethereum blockchain via smart contracts (e.g., ERC20, ERC223, ERC721)
Contract
Offer
Consideration
Acceptance
<smart contract>
contract OfferContract {
uint public acceptance_rate = 50;
mapping (address => uint) tradeAccount;
mapping (address => uint) coinAccount;
address public owner;
function Consideration() {
owner = msg.sender;
}
modifier onlyOwner {
if (msg.sender != owner) sign;
}
function setAccept(uint rate) onlyOwner {
acceptance_rate = rate;
}
}
</smart contract>

18. The Gas, aka the evanescent state of Ether
● Each Opcode has a price (hence “pay as you go” mechanism) expressed in Gas
● Gas is like a sub-accounting unit in Ethereum
● A transaction in Ethereum consume more or less Gas as it requests more or less
Opcodes
○ No opcode? Alice sends 1 ether to Bob: 21 000 Gas
● Before broadcasting a transaction, a user selects:
○ a GasLimit: how much EVM usage he/she is willing to request for the
transaction (usually estimated by the user’s client)
○ a GasPrice: how much ether he/she is willing to pay per Gas
● Miners pick pending transactions to build a block and (tend to) prioritize
transactions with high GasPrice
● Miners cash in the transaction fees GasUsed * GasPrice
● Ether is therefore both programmable money and money to program
○ One can argue that it’s a commodity for super secure cloud computing
The Gas is the smart pay as you go mechanism for code execution in the EVM

19. Ethereum: blockchain as a deterministic transitioning protocol
Each block represent a new state for the EVM
The Ethereum Virtual Machine
(EVM) is the runtime environment
for smart contracts in Ethereum.
The EVM is a Turing complete
virtual machine
All nodes in the network execute
the exact same sequence of
bytecodes in the exact same order
and in the same way.
Every transaction contents are bytecodes ; this set of instructions will allow
the EVM to transition to a new state.
You can program anything a normal program could do: variables (integers,
strings, lists, mappings), functions, loops, storage manipulation, etc.
All nodes in the network receive and process every blocks and therefore
every transactions. This can be seen as if Ethereum was a computer shared
between every nodes in the network where the blockchain protocol ensures
a consensus so all nodes can synchronize their actions.

20. Adoption of Ethereum

21. But! The node number has remained quite steady over the last 18 months
EIP 908: Incentives for running full Ethereum nodes
Adoption, where are we?

22. Ethereum has the largest developer community, for now?
Adoption, where are we?
● Ethereum: ~390,000 dev based on Github active repo
● 16k active repos with 270k commits
● 1M DL of Truffle, 300k finished cryptozombies in June, 25k instance of Ethernaut lvl1

23. The diversity of the dapps is astonishing but the # users is arguably low (14 users per Dapp, +2 vs
4 months ago… yes that’s 16% rise)
Adoption, where are we?
Dappradar.com
Total Dapps: 1078
+70% vs June
24H Tx: 60,729
+10% vs June
24H Users: 14K
+16% vs June
24H Vol: 14,900 ETH
+24% vs June
Smartcontracts: 2256
+82% vs June

24. State of the Dapp list more Dapps…
Adoption, where are we?

25. The killer app sofar : creating your own token
Let there be tokens, the ERC20 Standard
● Facilitate integration and interoperability of dapps in the Ethereum ecosystem
● The ERC20 Token Standard as a common set of rules for ethereum-based tokens to adhere to.
● As a result, almost all of the major tokens on the ethereum blockchain today, including those
sold in initial coin offerings (ICOs), are ERC-20 compliant.
● A smart contract running on top of the
ethereum blockchain, i.e. a set of code
(functions) with an associated database
○ The code describes the behavior of the
token
○ The database is basically a table with rows
and columns tracking who owns how many
tokens.

26. Bringing Securities to the Blockchain
Let there be tokens, the ERC20 Standard
● ICObench: 4665 ICOs (+286 last month)
● 95% done on Ethereum
● ICObench: 2017: 6.1Bn$ ; 2018: 10,4Bn$
But...
● Etherscan: 130016 ERC20 Contracts ?!
● Etherescan 740 are ranked from 242$ to
1.170Bn$ market cap
● Alethio 823 ranked by volume
● How come no one is really tracking that?
○ permissionless and global
Amount raised and # of ICOs (ICObench)

27. Bringing Securities to the Blockchain
DEX! (30k ETH volume daily last week)
https://dex.watch/

28. Let’s build
Web3.0!

29. The Web 3.0 Abstracted Stack
Killing the Server by Redesigning Data Structures

30. BRAVE
● Reconnect users and publishers in transparent system to guarantee privacy
and authenticity
● Browse Safer - Protect your privacy
○ Popular sites often host multiple ads and tracker per site
○ Trackers profile locations, behaviour and others browsing
● Browse Faster - Deliver faster load time
○ Browse the web up x 8 faster as you don’t have the trackers and the blockers anymore
● Be Rewarded through “Brave Reward”
○ Give reward to your favorite publisher / content creators through a blockchain based tokens
process => Basic Attention Token
● More qualitative content
○ As a matter of fact, the content you dispose is more personalised and more relevant for you.
The privacy preserving, chromium based, ads opt-i,n ethereum powered browser

31. BOUNTIES NETWORK
https://bounties.network/ Changing the way we collaborate.

32. IPFS + Ethereum Name System + Metamask
Hosting in the decentralized file storage on a decentralized name system

33. IPFS + Ethereum Name System + Metamask
https://chateaud.eth

34. Rainbow token!
Let’s play around https://rainbowtoken.herokuapp.com

35. Jérôme de Tychey
ConsenSys Paris Hub
jerome@consensys.net
@jdetychey
Merci!