The document outlines the eight major components of a balanced smile: 1) lip line, 2) smile arc, 3) upper lip curvature, 4) lateral negative space, 5) smile symmetry, 6) frontal occlusal plane, 7) dental components, and 8) gingival components. Each component is described in detail, outlining ideal characteristics and how orthodontic treatment can impact them. The goal is to achieve an optimal smile with an aesthetically pleasing relationship between the teeth, lips, and other facial features when smiling.
This document discusses cephalometry, which involves analyzing standardized radiographs of the skull and facial bones. It describes the history and development of cephalometry from anthropological studies. The key types of cephalograms are lateral and frontal views. Cephalometry is used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to evaluate skeletal and dental relationships and abnormalities. The document outlines the equipment, positioning of patients, and evaluation of radiographs. It identifies important landmarks and reference planes used in cephalometric analysis. Several common cephalometric analyses are described, including measurements and norms. The document concludes with references on orthodontics and cephalometrics.
diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgeryZeeshan Arif
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery. It covers evaluating patients through medical history, dental exams, radiographs, photographs, and other tests to analyze facial form, dental occlusion, and jaw positioning. Treatment planning involves considering options like orthodontics, jaw surgery, or a combination to address jaw discrepancies or malocclusions. Thorough diagnosis is important for determining the best treatment approach and setting appropriate expectations.
This document discusses various imaging techniques used in the maxillofacial region. It begins by providing an overview of maxillofacial imaging anatomy seen on CT and MRI scans. It then describes different types of jaw cysts that can be identified on imaging, including periapical, residual, paradental, lateral periodontal, and incisive canal cysts. Finally, it discusses some interventional radiology procedures performed in the maxillofacial region, such as temporomandibular joint arthrography and sialography.
This document discusses facial asymmetry, including definitions, classifications, causes, evaluations, and treatments. Facial asymmetry can be caused by skeletal, dental, muscular, or functional deviations. It is important to evaluate asymmetry both qualitatively and quantitatively using photographs, radiographs, and examinations of facial structures and proportions. Proper diagnosis of the location and severity of asymmetry is needed to determine the appropriate treatment approach.
dental consideration for inflammatory bowel diseaseJigyasha Timsina
This document discusses dental considerations for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Key points include:
- These conditions can cause oral manifestations like ulcers, glossitis, and pyostomatitis vegetans.
- Medications used to treat the bowel conditions can also cause oral side effects.
- Dental treatment requires modifying procedures to minimize stress and supplementing steroids to prevent adrenal issues. Frequent preventive care is important due to risk of infection and delayed healing.
This document discusses soft tissue analysis in orthodontic treatment planning and diagnosis. It begins by explaining the importance of soft tissue evaluation in addition to traditional hard tissue analysis. It then describes various clinical examination techniques for analyzing the soft tissues of the face, including at the frontal view, lower third of the face, and profile view. It also discusses several cephalometric analyses that can be used to evaluate soft tissues, such as the E-line and H-line. Overall, the document emphasizes the need to consider soft tissue changes during treatment planning to achieve optimal facial esthetics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Etiology of malocclusion local factors /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses cephalometry, which involves analyzing standardized radiographs of the skull and facial bones. It describes the history and development of cephalometry from anthropological studies. The key types of cephalograms are lateral and frontal views. Cephalometry is used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to evaluate skeletal and dental relationships and abnormalities. The document outlines the equipment, positioning of patients, and evaluation of radiographs. It identifies important landmarks and reference planes used in cephalometric analysis. Several common cephalometric analyses are described, including measurements and norms. The document concludes with references on orthodontics and cephalometrics.
diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgeryZeeshan Arif
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery. It covers evaluating patients through medical history, dental exams, radiographs, photographs, and other tests to analyze facial form, dental occlusion, and jaw positioning. Treatment planning involves considering options like orthodontics, jaw surgery, or a combination to address jaw discrepancies or malocclusions. Thorough diagnosis is important for determining the best treatment approach and setting appropriate expectations.
This document discusses various imaging techniques used in the maxillofacial region. It begins by providing an overview of maxillofacial imaging anatomy seen on CT and MRI scans. It then describes different types of jaw cysts that can be identified on imaging, including periapical, residual, paradental, lateral periodontal, and incisive canal cysts. Finally, it discusses some interventional radiology procedures performed in the maxillofacial region, such as temporomandibular joint arthrography and sialography.
This document discusses facial asymmetry, including definitions, classifications, causes, evaluations, and treatments. Facial asymmetry can be caused by skeletal, dental, muscular, or functional deviations. It is important to evaluate asymmetry both qualitatively and quantitatively using photographs, radiographs, and examinations of facial structures and proportions. Proper diagnosis of the location and severity of asymmetry is needed to determine the appropriate treatment approach.
dental consideration for inflammatory bowel diseaseJigyasha Timsina
This document discusses dental considerations for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Key points include:
- These conditions can cause oral manifestations like ulcers, glossitis, and pyostomatitis vegetans.
- Medications used to treat the bowel conditions can also cause oral side effects.
- Dental treatment requires modifying procedures to minimize stress and supplementing steroids to prevent adrenal issues. Frequent preventive care is important due to risk of infection and delayed healing.
This document discusses soft tissue analysis in orthodontic treatment planning and diagnosis. It begins by explaining the importance of soft tissue evaluation in addition to traditional hard tissue analysis. It then describes various clinical examination techniques for analyzing the soft tissues of the face, including at the frontal view, lower third of the face, and profile view. It also discusses several cephalometric analyses that can be used to evaluate soft tissues, such as the E-line and H-line. Overall, the document emphasizes the need to consider soft tissue changes during treatment planning to achieve optimal facial esthetics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Etiology of malocclusion local factors /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This presentation gives a brief description of the clinical features and causes of gummy smile conditions , their clinical and differential dignosis , as well as the different treatment methods that may be used to correct these problems .
Odontogenic tumors are rare tumors derived from tooth-forming tissues that are found exclusively in the jaw bones. There are three main types - epithelial tumors arising from tooth enamel-forming tissues, mesenchymal tumors from tooth support tissues, and mixed tumors with both components. Ameloblastoma is the most common epithelial tumor, appearing as a slow-growing radiolucent lesion in the molar region of the mandible. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor are also benign epithelial tumors associated with impacted teeth. Odontogenic myxoma is an example of a mesenchymal tumor appearing as an asymptomatic radiolucent lesion.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Sana Mateen Munshi is a Pakistani-American writer and journalist based in New York City. She writes about culture, identity and current affairs for publications like The New York Times, The Guardian and Al Jazeera English. Her debut novel, The Story of a Goat, explores the immigrant experience through the story of a Pakistani family in 1990s Chicago.
This document describes surgical techniques for treating TMJ ankylosis in children, including:
1. Excising the ankylotic mass through a preauricular incision and reconstructing the ramus condyle unit with either a costochondral graft or distraction osteogenesis.
2. Lining the glenoid fossa with a vascularized temporalis fascia flap to prevent reankylosis.
3. An intensive post-operative physical therapy regimen to regain jaw mobility.
This document provides an overview of genioplasty procedures. It begins with an introduction to genioplasty and anatomy. It then discusses preoperative evaluation including facial analysis, cephalometric evaluation, and chin classifications. Next, it covers various techniques for correcting chin deformities including osseous genioplasty procedures like horizontal osteotomy with advancement or reduction, and alloplastic genioplasty. It concludes with a brief discussion of complications. The document provides detailed information on evaluating patients, planning procedures, and technical aspects of different genioplasty techniques.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses smile design and analysis. It describes analyzing various facial and dental components to design an aesthetic smile, including lips, teeth, gingiva, facial profile, and midlines. Methods of total smile analysis are outlined, such as McLarren's analysis, which examines facial balance, dentofacial relationships, and dental characteristics. Classification systems for smiles based on lip and muscle involvement are also presented. Requirements for an ideal smile are described focusing on individual components and their relationships.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms, which provide an effective tool for evaluating craniofacial structures. Key information that can be assessed from PA cephalograms includes facial asymmetries, widths of dental arches, and cant of the occlusal plane. Landmarks are identified and traced on the radiograph to perform analyses. The Grummons analysis is a quantitative method using planes and volumes to assess asymmetries. Overall, PA cephalograms allow for detailed evaluation of the dentofacial and craniofacial structures in the transverse and vertical dimensions.
This document discusses various methods of mixed dentition analysis used to predict the size and space needed for unerupted permanent teeth based on measurements of erupted primary and permanent teeth. It describes Nance analysis, Huckaba's method, Moyer's analysis, Tanaka Johnston analysis, Hixon-Oldfather prediction method, and Staley and Kerber method. The document emphasizes that mixed dentition analysis helps evaluate space availability and plan treatment during the transition from primary to permanent dentition.
Management of Patients undergoing Radiotherapy and ChemotherapyHadi Munib
This document outlines dental management considerations for patients undergoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or bisphosphonate therapy. It discusses evaluating a patient's dentition prior to radiotherapy and extracting questionable teeth. During radiotherapy, patients should practice good oral hygiene and use saline rinses to prevent mucositis. Extractions should be delayed 3 weeks after radiotherapy due to risk of osteoradionecrosis. For chemotherapy patients, dental treatment is low risk if white blood cell counts are adequate. Bisphosphonate therapy increases risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, so preventive dental care is important prior to starting the medication.
This document provides an overview of orthognathic surgery, including its history, goals, indications, patient evaluation process, and cephalometric analysis. Orthognathic surgery involves combining orthodontics and oral surgery to correct jaw and facial deformities. Key aspects of patient evaluation include clinical examination, radiographic and dental model analysis, and facial analysis to assess skeletal, dental, and soft tissue abnormalities. Cephalometric analysis aids in treatment planning by defining skeletal and facial types and the relationships between jaws, teeth, and craniofacial structures.
This document provides an overview of oral pigmentation and pigmented lesions. It begins by defining pigment and describing normal oral mucosal color. Melanin is identified as the primary pigment producing brown coloration in the body. Factors that can affect melanogenesis are discussed such as sun exposure, drugs, hormones and genetic constitution. The document then classifies pigmentation into endogenous (originating from within the body such as melanin pigmentation) and exogenous (from external sources). Specific endogenous and exogenous pigmented lesions are described. The document concludes by discussing malignant melanoma, describing its clinical presentation and treatment which primarily involves wide local excision surgery.
Biomechanical principles of TOOTH PREPARATIONSonia Sapam
This document provides an overview of biomechanical principles of tooth preparations. It discusses five main principles that govern tooth preparation design: preservation of tooth structure, retention and resistance form, structural durability of the restoration, marginal integrity, and preservation of the periodontium. The document outlines requirements of tooth preparations and discusses various factors that influence retention and resistance form, such as taper, surface area, area under shear, and surface roughness. It emphasizes minimizing removal of tooth structure and avoiding pulpal damage during preparation.
The document discusses monoplane occlusion with balancing ramps for dentures. It aims to minimize lateral tipping forces by reducing inclined plane contact between maxillary and mandibular teeth. This is achieved by positioning teeth on a flat occlusal plane and adding balancing ramps. The summary provides instructions for setting up anterior and posterior teeth to achieve this occlusion scheme.
This document summarizes red and white lesions of the oral mucosa according to Burkett's 12th edition classification. It describes various infectious diseases including different types of oral candidiasis characterized by white or red patches. It also discusses premalignant disorders such as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis. Finally, it covers immunopathologic diseases including oral lichen planus and its clinical presentations like reticular, papular, plaque-like, bullous and erythematous forms. Images are included to illustrate key lesions.
Smile: is the most pleasant and wanted expression by each one of us.
Smile: is amused facial expression with the corner of mouth turned up and exposed front teeth
Facial expression, postures of lips, occlusion and arrangement of teeth, buccal corridor, shape of teeth, gingival color, texture, contour and other several aspects constitute component of smile
Most of patients come to us to improve their smiles, the orthodontic studies stress on skeletal structure than soft tissue structure, and the smile still receives relatively little attention
Nature of smile:
1- Posed smile: voluntary, static, sustained, social smile not elicited by an emotion
2- Un-posed smile: spontaneous, involuntary, dynamic, natural, and not sustained characterized by greater lip elevation
Smile types: smile styles:
1- Commissures smile: the corner of the mouth turned upward called Monalisa smile
2- Cuspid smile: the upper lip is elevated, the entire lip rises like a window shade
3- Complex smile: the upper lip moves superiorly as in cuspid smile and lower lip moves inferiorly
Evaluation of posed smile:
variables Normal smile Not good smile
Smile arc Consonant Non consonant
Smile index Average Increased / decreased
Morley’s ratio 75 – 100% (normal) Disturbed
Buccal corridor Average Obliterated / excessive
Smile line Average High / low
Occlusal plane No canting Canting occlusal plane
Important definitions:
Smile arc:
the curvature formed by an imaginary line tangent to the incisal edges of the teeth, modified in varying degree of curvature in relationship to the lower lip
Range: from no curvature to an accentuated curvature was in relation to the lower lip, so quantification differed for each model
Buccal corridor:
the amount of dark space displayed between the facial surfaces of the posterior teeth and the corner of the mouth, calculated as the total dark space on both sides of the mouth as a percentage of the total smile width
Range: from 6% to 26.5 in approximately 0.5% increments
Maxillary gingival display or gummy smile:
The amount of gingival show above the central incisor crown and below the center of the upper lip. Negative number indicate gingival exposure. Positive number indicate tooth overlap by the lip
Range: from 1mm of gingival display (-1) to almost 7mm of tooth coverage for the female models, and approximately 2mm of gingival display (-2) to 6mm tooth coverage for male models
The variation between the models was due to differences in sizes and coordinating the images for different faces
Maxillary midline to face:
The relationship of maxillary dental midline (measured between the central incisors) to the midline of the face, defined by the center of the philtrum and the facial midline
Range: the maxillary midline was moved to the left of the face in approximately 0.25 mm increments. The right and left buccal corridor was maintained throughout the movement of the dentition. The maximum deviation show is 6mm
Maxillary to mandibular mid
An esthetic smile components and Digital smile design . Facial , Dental , Lip and gingival criterias for a balanced smile.
by soheil shahbazi , SBMU dental student
This presentation gives a brief description of the clinical features and causes of gummy smile conditions , their clinical and differential dignosis , as well as the different treatment methods that may be used to correct these problems .
Odontogenic tumors are rare tumors derived from tooth-forming tissues that are found exclusively in the jaw bones. There are three main types - epithelial tumors arising from tooth enamel-forming tissues, mesenchymal tumors from tooth support tissues, and mixed tumors with both components. Ameloblastoma is the most common epithelial tumor, appearing as a slow-growing radiolucent lesion in the molar region of the mandible. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor are also benign epithelial tumors associated with impacted teeth. Odontogenic myxoma is an example of a mesenchymal tumor appearing as an asymptomatic radiolucent lesion.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Sana Mateen Munshi is a Pakistani-American writer and journalist based in New York City. She writes about culture, identity and current affairs for publications like The New York Times, The Guardian and Al Jazeera English. Her debut novel, The Story of a Goat, explores the immigrant experience through the story of a Pakistani family in 1990s Chicago.
This document describes surgical techniques for treating TMJ ankylosis in children, including:
1. Excising the ankylotic mass through a preauricular incision and reconstructing the ramus condyle unit with either a costochondral graft or distraction osteogenesis.
2. Lining the glenoid fossa with a vascularized temporalis fascia flap to prevent reankylosis.
3. An intensive post-operative physical therapy regimen to regain jaw mobility.
This document provides an overview of genioplasty procedures. It begins with an introduction to genioplasty and anatomy. It then discusses preoperative evaluation including facial analysis, cephalometric evaluation, and chin classifications. Next, it covers various techniques for correcting chin deformities including osseous genioplasty procedures like horizontal osteotomy with advancement or reduction, and alloplastic genioplasty. It concludes with a brief discussion of complications. The document provides detailed information on evaluating patients, planning procedures, and technical aspects of different genioplasty techniques.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses smile design and analysis. It describes analyzing various facial and dental components to design an aesthetic smile, including lips, teeth, gingiva, facial profile, and midlines. Methods of total smile analysis are outlined, such as McLarren's analysis, which examines facial balance, dentofacial relationships, and dental characteristics. Classification systems for smiles based on lip and muscle involvement are also presented. Requirements for an ideal smile are described focusing on individual components and their relationships.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms, which provide an effective tool for evaluating craniofacial structures. Key information that can be assessed from PA cephalograms includes facial asymmetries, widths of dental arches, and cant of the occlusal plane. Landmarks are identified and traced on the radiograph to perform analyses. The Grummons analysis is a quantitative method using planes and volumes to assess asymmetries. Overall, PA cephalograms allow for detailed evaluation of the dentofacial and craniofacial structures in the transverse and vertical dimensions.
This document discusses various methods of mixed dentition analysis used to predict the size and space needed for unerupted permanent teeth based on measurements of erupted primary and permanent teeth. It describes Nance analysis, Huckaba's method, Moyer's analysis, Tanaka Johnston analysis, Hixon-Oldfather prediction method, and Staley and Kerber method. The document emphasizes that mixed dentition analysis helps evaluate space availability and plan treatment during the transition from primary to permanent dentition.
Management of Patients undergoing Radiotherapy and ChemotherapyHadi Munib
This document outlines dental management considerations for patients undergoing radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or bisphosphonate therapy. It discusses evaluating a patient's dentition prior to radiotherapy and extracting questionable teeth. During radiotherapy, patients should practice good oral hygiene and use saline rinses to prevent mucositis. Extractions should be delayed 3 weeks after radiotherapy due to risk of osteoradionecrosis. For chemotherapy patients, dental treatment is low risk if white blood cell counts are adequate. Bisphosphonate therapy increases risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, so preventive dental care is important prior to starting the medication.
This document provides an overview of orthognathic surgery, including its history, goals, indications, patient evaluation process, and cephalometric analysis. Orthognathic surgery involves combining orthodontics and oral surgery to correct jaw and facial deformities. Key aspects of patient evaluation include clinical examination, radiographic and dental model analysis, and facial analysis to assess skeletal, dental, and soft tissue abnormalities. Cephalometric analysis aids in treatment planning by defining skeletal and facial types and the relationships between jaws, teeth, and craniofacial structures.
This document provides an overview of oral pigmentation and pigmented lesions. It begins by defining pigment and describing normal oral mucosal color. Melanin is identified as the primary pigment producing brown coloration in the body. Factors that can affect melanogenesis are discussed such as sun exposure, drugs, hormones and genetic constitution. The document then classifies pigmentation into endogenous (originating from within the body such as melanin pigmentation) and exogenous (from external sources). Specific endogenous and exogenous pigmented lesions are described. The document concludes by discussing malignant melanoma, describing its clinical presentation and treatment which primarily involves wide local excision surgery.
Biomechanical principles of TOOTH PREPARATIONSonia Sapam
This document provides an overview of biomechanical principles of tooth preparations. It discusses five main principles that govern tooth preparation design: preservation of tooth structure, retention and resistance form, structural durability of the restoration, marginal integrity, and preservation of the periodontium. The document outlines requirements of tooth preparations and discusses various factors that influence retention and resistance form, such as taper, surface area, area under shear, and surface roughness. It emphasizes minimizing removal of tooth structure and avoiding pulpal damage during preparation.
The document discusses monoplane occlusion with balancing ramps for dentures. It aims to minimize lateral tipping forces by reducing inclined plane contact between maxillary and mandibular teeth. This is achieved by positioning teeth on a flat occlusal plane and adding balancing ramps. The summary provides instructions for setting up anterior and posterior teeth to achieve this occlusion scheme.
This document summarizes red and white lesions of the oral mucosa according to Burkett's 12th edition classification. It describes various infectious diseases including different types of oral candidiasis characterized by white or red patches. It also discusses premalignant disorders such as oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis. Finally, it covers immunopathologic diseases including oral lichen planus and its clinical presentations like reticular, papular, plaque-like, bullous and erythematous forms. Images are included to illustrate key lesions.
Smile: is the most pleasant and wanted expression by each one of us.
Smile: is amused facial expression with the corner of mouth turned up and exposed front teeth
Facial expression, postures of lips, occlusion and arrangement of teeth, buccal corridor, shape of teeth, gingival color, texture, contour and other several aspects constitute component of smile
Most of patients come to us to improve their smiles, the orthodontic studies stress on skeletal structure than soft tissue structure, and the smile still receives relatively little attention
Nature of smile:
1- Posed smile: voluntary, static, sustained, social smile not elicited by an emotion
2- Un-posed smile: spontaneous, involuntary, dynamic, natural, and not sustained characterized by greater lip elevation
Smile types: smile styles:
1- Commissures smile: the corner of the mouth turned upward called Monalisa smile
2- Cuspid smile: the upper lip is elevated, the entire lip rises like a window shade
3- Complex smile: the upper lip moves superiorly as in cuspid smile and lower lip moves inferiorly
Evaluation of posed smile:
variables Normal smile Not good smile
Smile arc Consonant Non consonant
Smile index Average Increased / decreased
Morley’s ratio 75 – 100% (normal) Disturbed
Buccal corridor Average Obliterated / excessive
Smile line Average High / low
Occlusal plane No canting Canting occlusal plane
Important definitions:
Smile arc:
the curvature formed by an imaginary line tangent to the incisal edges of the teeth, modified in varying degree of curvature in relationship to the lower lip
Range: from no curvature to an accentuated curvature was in relation to the lower lip, so quantification differed for each model
Buccal corridor:
the amount of dark space displayed between the facial surfaces of the posterior teeth and the corner of the mouth, calculated as the total dark space on both sides of the mouth as a percentage of the total smile width
Range: from 6% to 26.5 in approximately 0.5% increments
Maxillary gingival display or gummy smile:
The amount of gingival show above the central incisor crown and below the center of the upper lip. Negative number indicate gingival exposure. Positive number indicate tooth overlap by the lip
Range: from 1mm of gingival display (-1) to almost 7mm of tooth coverage for the female models, and approximately 2mm of gingival display (-2) to 6mm tooth coverage for male models
The variation between the models was due to differences in sizes and coordinating the images for different faces
Maxillary midline to face:
The relationship of maxillary dental midline (measured between the central incisors) to the midline of the face, defined by the center of the philtrum and the facial midline
Range: the maxillary midline was moved to the left of the face in approximately 0.25 mm increments. The right and left buccal corridor was maintained throughout the movement of the dentition. The maximum deviation show is 6mm
Maxillary to mandibular mid
An esthetic smile components and Digital smile design . Facial , Dental , Lip and gingival criterias for a balanced smile.
by soheil shahbazi , SBMU dental student
Smile analysis in vertical dimention:- factors to be considered when observed...Dr.Maulik patel
1) The document discusses various factors related to smile esthetics including smile arc, incisal edge contours, midlines, crown torque, and smile line. It emphasizes the importance of the smile arc and monitoring it during orthodontic treatment.
2) Guidelines are provided for analyzing esthetic factors by viewing the patient from the front and evaluating the smile, including factors like crown length and axial inclinations.
3) Variations in smile lines between males and females are discussed, with low smile lines being more common in males and high smile lines in females.
Smile is more than a form of communication; it is kind of socialization
and attraction. Although moderate gummy smile can be quite acceptable and
esthetically pleasing if the gum is healthy, more pronounced cases are
less well tolerated and require treatment.
Gummy Smile with Evidence in Orthodontics.pptxsafabasiouny1
1) Altered passive eruption, a short upper lip, bony maxillary excess, dentoalveolar extrusion, and hyperactive upper lip muscles are potential causes of a gummy smile.
2) A gummy smile is defined as more than 4mm of gingival display when smiling. It affects about 12% of the population and can be caused by short clinical crowns due to altered passive eruption or incisor overeruption.
3) Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include periodontal surgery, orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, or in some cases lip repositioning surgery or Botox injection to weaken the upper lip muscles.
Terminologies
Introduction
Reference frames for orientation
Lip lines
Gold proportion
Smile dominance
Perceptual aspects – the art of illusion
Cosmetic Contouring
Smile design: Clinical assessment, analysis and consideration
Porcelain laminates and veneers: Clinical assessment and analysis Colour
Shade selection
Dental bleaching
Esthetics with composites
Metal ceramic and all ceramic restorations
Implant – esthetics
Perio – esthetics
Ortho – esthetics
Recent advances in smile design in prosthodontics
Review of literature
Conclusion
References
Smile analysis from the orthodontic perspective.
Major determinants of smile esthetics are discussed based on the discussions of the Proffit and Graber
This document summarizes the key elements of smile analysis for orthodontic treatment planning. It discusses analyzing the midline, incisor display at rest and during smiling, smile arc, symmetry, and buccal corridors. It also covers analyzing gingival health and contours, as well as dental contacts, embrasures, crown heights and widths, and mesiodistal tooth widths. The goal of smile analysis is to incorporate esthetic evaluation and guidelines to achieve an attractive balanced smile.
HI THIS IS A NICE SEMINAR DESCRIBING ABOUT THE ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY MAINLY RELATED TO ORTHODONTICS VIEWPOINT AND CEPH TRACING ITS INDICATION AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURGERIES. JUST HAVE A LOOK TO IT
Smiling involves movements of the lips, nostrils, nasal tip, and eyes. A common method to measure smiles involves drawing vertical and horizontal lines on a photo to measure things like tooth exposure, lip drape, and commissure width. An important smile measurement is the smile index, which is the intercommisure width divided by the interlabial gap while smiling. Smiling is influenced by factors of the lips, teeth, and gingiva. Lip factors include the lip line, buccal corridors, and smile arc. Teeth factors include color, proportion, symmetry, midlines, angulation, and inclination. Gingival factors include embrasures, connectors, contour, and levels. Treatment of excessive ging
This document provides an overview of soft tissue analysis for orthodontic treatment planning. It discusses various clinical examinations and cephalometric analyses used to evaluate the soft tissues, including the lips, chin, nose, and facial contours. Key points examined include lip length and position relative to teeth and skeletal structures, as well as how soft tissue proportions may change with tooth movement or orthognathic surgery. A number of commonly used cephalometric analyses are described, such as the Holdaway analysis, that aim to establish soft tissue norms and balance.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
This document provides information on extra oral examination including assessment of head shape, facial form, facial profile, facial divergence, symmetry, lips, smile, chin, mandibular plane angle, visualized treatment objectives, and functional examination including respiration and path of closure. Key aspects covered include classification of head shapes as dolichocephalic, brachycephalic, and dinaric based on cephalic index. Facial form is classified based on facial index as euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, and leptoprosopic. Facial profile, lip competence, projection and step are also evaluated.
This document discusses mini-esthetics and micro-esthetics in dentistry. Mini-esthetics includes assessing the relationship between teeth and face, including tooth display, symmetry, and vertical relationships. Micro-esthetics examines individual tooth characteristics like size, shape, proportions and shade. Key factors discussed are smile line, buccal corridors, gingival heights and contours, connectors, embrasures, and black triangles. Tooth shade should get darker from central to lateral to canine. Together mini and micro-esthetics provide guidelines for analyzing esthetic details of the teeth, face, and smile.
bracket positioning for smile arc protectionMaherFouda1
1. SAP (smile arc protection) bracket positioning individualizes bracket placement to each patient's esthetic needs and protects or enhances their smile arc. It generally positions upper incisor brackets more gingivally than canine brackets.
2. Bracket positioning affects wire plane, occlusal plane, and proclination of anterior teeth. More gingival placement of upper brackets creates a divergent wire plane to extrude incisors and rotate the occlusal plane clockwise, improving smile arc and display. It also engages torques earlier to upright proclined teeth.
3. Factors like occlusal plane steepness, arch width, and tooth shapes can make achieving a
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
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3. INTRODUCTION
Enhancement of facial beauty is one of the primary elective goals of patients
seeking dental care. The goal of orthodontic treatment should be attainment of the
best possible esthetic result, dentally and facially.
3
Eight componets of balanced smile
4. AIM
• review the eight major components of the smile.
• impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Eight componets of balanced smile 4
6. 1. Lip Line
• Definition- amount of vertical tooth exposure in smiling or the height of the upper
lip relative to the maxillary central incisors.
• The lip line is optimal when the upper lip reaches the gingival margin, displaying the
total cervicoincisal length of the maxillary central incisors, along with the
interproximal gingivae.
• A high lip line exposes all of the clinical crowns plus a contiguous band of gingival
tissue, whereas a low lip line displays less than 75% of the maxillary anterior teeth.
• Because female lip lines are an average 1.5mm higher than male lip lines, 1-2mm of
gingival display at maximum smile could be considered normal for females.
6
Eight componets of balanced smile
7. • “gummy smile” is considered undesirable
• Some gingival display is certainly acceptable, and is even considered a sign of
youthful appearance.
• The starting point of a smile is the lip line at rest, with an average maxillary incisor
display of 1.91mm in men and nearly twice that amount, 3.40mm, in women.
• With aging, there is a gradual decrease in exposure of the maxillary incisors at rest
and, to a much lesser degree, in smiling which is accompanied by an increase in
mandibular incisor display.
Posed vs spontaneous smile-
• A posed smile is the voluntary expression made when introduced to someone, or
when taking a passport photograph or orthodontic records. A posed smile is
repeatable/reproducible and can therefore be used as a reference position
• A spontaneous smile, is involuntary, natural, and driven by emotions. With all the
muscles of facial expression involved, a spontaneous smile always has more lip
elevation than a posed smile.
Eight componets of balanced smile 7
8. The amount of vertical exposure in smiling depends on the following six factors.
Upper Lip Length
• The average lip length at rest, as measured from subnasale to the most inferior
portion of the upper lip at the midline, which is about 23mm in males and 20mm in
females
• Lip length should be roughly equal to the commissure height, which is the vertical
distance between the commissure and a horizontal line from subnasale
8
Eight componets of balanced smile
9. • A short lip length relative to commissure height results in an unesthetic, reverse-
resting upper lip line
Solution-
• lip lengthening is possible with lip surgery, either as a single procedure or in
combination with a Le Fort I osteotomy.
• In adolescents, a short upper lip relative to commissure height could be considered
normal because of the lip lengthening that continues even after vertical skeletal
growth is complete.
Lip Elevation
• In smiling, the upper lip is elevated by about 80% of its original length, displaying
10 mm of the maxillary incisors.
• Women have 3.5% more lip elevation than
• Range of upper lip elevation from rest position to the full smile, ranging from 2-
12mm, with an average of 7-8mm.
• Excessive lip elevation should therefore be recognized as a limiting factor
• In case of a gingival smile caused by a hypermobile lip, avoid aggressive incisor
intrusion or maxillary impaction surgery from little incisor display at rest giving
older look. . Incase low lip line is due to a hypomobile lip , extensive incisor
extrusion would result in an overbite with excessive incisor display at rest.
Eight componets of balanced smile 9
11. 11
Eight componets of balanced smile
Vertical Maxillary Height
• When upper lip length and mobility are normal, a gingival smile with excessive
incisor display at rest can be attributed to vertical maxillary excess. This kind of
“skeletal” gingival smile is generally associated with excessive lower facial height.
• Conversely, a low lip line with no incisor display at rest is “skeletal” when
associated with inadequate lower facial height due to a vertically deficient maxilla
• The best reference for impacting or lengthening the maxilla is the incisor display at
rest
• In maxillary impaction, the upper lip shortens by as much as 50% of the surgical
skeletal intrusion.
12. Crown Height
• The average vertical height of the maxillary central incisor is 10.6mm in males and
9.8mm in females.
• A short crown can be due to attrition or excessive gingival encroachment with little
or no incisor display at rest, but the lip line is normal in smiling, the crown height
can be increased incisally with cosmetic dentistry.
• A gingivectomy or a crown-lengthening procedure with crestal bone removal is
recommended when short clinical crowns are associated with a gingival smile and a
normal incisor display at rest
Eight componets of balanced smile 12
13. Vertical Dental Height
• The incisor exposure at rest, rather than the overbite,
determines the vertical position of the incisal edge.
• A deep bite should be corrected by maxillary incisor
intrusion in a patient with excessive incisor display at rest,
but with posterior extrusion and/or lower incisor intrusion in
a patient with a normal lip line at rest.
• An open bite, which should be corrected by maxillary
incisor extrusion if there is inadequate incisor display at rest,
but with posterior intrusion and/or lower incisor extrusion if
the lip line is normal at rest.
Incisor Inclination
• Proclined maxillary incisors, whether in a Class II, division
1 malocclusion or in a Class III compensation, tend to
reduce the incisor display at rest and in smiling
• Uprighted or retroclined maxillary incisors, as seen in Class
II, division 2 malocclusion or after orthodontic retraction
without torque control, tend to increase the incisor display.
• Maxillary incisor inclination can best be assessed on profile
and oblique smiling photographs, which should become
standard orthodontic records
13
14. 2. Smile Arc
• The smile arc is the relationship between a hypothetical curve drawn along the
edges of the maxillary anterior teeth and the inner contour of the lower lip in the
posed smile.
• In an optimal smile arc—described as “consonant”—the curvature of the maxillary
incisal edges coincides with or parallels the border of the lower lip in smiling.
• The lower lip can either touch, not touch(higher esthetic score), or slightly cover
the upper incisal edges
• In a “nonconsonant” smile arc, the maxillary incisal edges are either flat or reversed
relative to the curvature of the lower lip.
14
Eight componets of balanced smile
15. 2. Smile Arc
• The curvature of the incisal edges appears to be more pronounced for women than
for men, and tends to flatten with age.
• The curvature of the lower lip is usually more pronounced in younger smiles
• Smile arcs were found to be flatter in orthodontically treated patients than in an
untreated group with normal occlusions, resulting in a “denture mouth” appearance
15
Eight componets of balanced smile
16. The smile arc can be unintentionally flattened during orthodontic treatment by any or all
of the following three techniques.
1)Overintrusion of Maxillary Incisors
can correct an overbite or a gingival smile without considering or monitoring the
incisor-lip position at rest, the smile arc may be flattened by indiscriminate use of
utility arches or archwires with accentuated curves can flatten the smile arc and can
also result in a low lip line at rest and in smiling.
2) Bracket Positioning
The same bracket heights should not be used for parallel, flat, and reverse smile
arcs.
Optimal smile arc esthetics are to be achieved, when the bracket positions takes into
account the relationship of the incisal edges to the lower lip curvature for each
individual patient.
In a reverse smile arc, for example, the brackets should be positioned higher than
usual on the maxillary central incisors and progressively lower on the lateral incisors
and canines.
3)Cant of the Occlusal Plane
Extraoral forces, intermaxillary elastics, and orthognathic surgery can affect the cant
of the occlusal plane. If the maxillary occlusal plane is canted upward anteriorly, for
instance, the incisal edges will move away from the lower lip, resulting in a
nonconsonant smile arc
16
Eight componets of balanced smile
17. • If the occlusal plane has an excessive clockwise tilt, the upper incisal edges will be
covered by the lower lip, making the smile arc less attractive.
• Other factors that can affect the smile arc are –
attrition due to shortening of the central incisors,
habits such as thumbsucking
excessive posterior vertical growth (mostly seen in brachyfacial patterns)
lower lip musculature.
maxillary incisor inclination affects also the lip line
Excessively proclined incisors will be associated with an everted lower lip, whereas
uprighted or retroclined incisors will be partially covered by the lower lip.
17
Eight componets of balanced smile
18. 3. Upper Lip Curvature
• is assessed from the central position to the corner of the mouth in smiling.
• It is upward when the corner of the mouth is higher than the central position,
• straight when the corner of the mouth and the central position are at the same
level,
• downward when the corner of the mouth is lower than the central position
• Upward and straight lip curvatures are considered more esthetic than
downward lip curvatures.
• Because it is a muscle-driven position, upper lip curvature is not subject to
alteration by orthodontic therapy.
• A downward lip curvature could therefore be limiting factor in optimal smile .
18
Eight componets of balanced smile
19. 4. Lateral Negative Space
• The transverse dimension of the smile is also referred to as “transverse dental
projection”.
• Lateral negative space is the buccal corridor between the posterior teeth and the
corner of the mouth in smiling.
• The prosthodontic literature describes a smile lacking buccal corridors as
unrealistic-looking and denture-like.
• Orthodontists refer to buccal corridors as “negative” spaces to be eliminated by
transverse maxillary expansion .
• A first molar-to-first-molar smile is often advocated in orthodontics.
19
Eight componets of balanced smile
20. • Nonextraction treatment with maxillary expansion does not necessarily improve the
attractiveness of the smile
• Premolar extraction does not lead to arch constriction or a widening of buccal
corridors.
• Archform also affects the transverse dimension of the smile: A broad arch is more
likely to fill the buccal corridors than a narrow and constricted arch.
• Buccal corridors are heavily influenced by the anteroposterior position of the
maxilla relative to the lip drape. Moving the maxilla forward will reduce the
negative space because a wider portion of the arch will come forward to fill the
intercommissure space.
• In smiling, the width of the mouth increases by as much as 30%; therefore, an
excessive transverse lip extension in smiling would theoretically produce a wider
buccal corridor.
20
Eight componets of balanced smile
21. 5. Smile Symmetry
• Smile symmetry, the relative positioning of the corners of the mouth in the vertical
plane can be assessed by the parallelism of the commissural and pupillary lines.
• A large differential elevation of the upper lip in an asymmetrical smile may be due
to a deficiency of muscular tonus on one side of the face
• Myofunctional exercises have been recommended to help overcome this deficiency
and restore smile symmetry.
• An oblique commissural line in an asymmetrical smile can give the illusion of a
transverse cant of the maxilla or a skeletal asymmetry.
Eight componets of balanced smile 21
22. 6. Frontal Occlusal Plane
• is represented by a line running from the tip of the right canine to the
tip of the left canine.
• A transverse cant can be caused by differential eruption of the
maxillary anterior teeth or a skeletal asymmetry of the mandible.
• Clinical examination and digital video documentation are essential in
making a differential diagnosis between smile asymmetry, a canted
occlusal plane, and facial asymmetry.
• Having the patient bite on a tongue blade or a mouth mirror in the
premolar area during the clinical examination is a good way to
recognize an asymmetrical cant of the maxillary frontal occlusal
plane.
7. Dental Components
• Dental components of the smile include the size, shape, color,
alignment, and crown angulation (tip) of the teeth; the midline; and
arch symmetry..
• Reliable method of locating the facial midline is to use two
anatomical landmarks: nasion and the base of the philtrum, known as
the “cupid’s bow”, in the center of the upper lip.
• The parallelism between the maxillary central incisor midline and the
facial midline is more important than the coincidence between the
dental and facial midlines.
22
Eight componets of balanced smile
23. • A mild midline discrepancy is acceptable as long as the interproximal contact area
(connector space) between the maxillary central incisors is vertical.
• Factors that can disturb the continuity of the dental composition include midline
diastemas, arch symmetry (cases with peg-shaped or missing lateral incisors) and a
lack of interproximal contacts
Eight componets of balanced smile 23
24. 8. Gingival Components
• The gingival components of the smile are the color, contour, texture, and height of
the gingivae.
• Inflammation, blunted papillae, open gingival embrasures, and uneven gingival
margins detract from the esthetic quality of the smile .
• The space created by a missing papilla above the central incisor contact point,
referred to as a “black triangle”, may be caused by root divergence, triangular teeth,
or advanced periodontal disease.
• Orthodontic root paralleling and flattening of the mesial surfaces of the central
incisors, followed by space closure, will lengthen this contact area and move it
apically toward the papilla.
• The gingival margins of the central incisors are normally at the same level or
slightly lower than those of the canines, while the gingival margins of the lateral
incisors are lower than those of the central incisors. These discrepancies may be
caused by attrition of the incisal edges, ankylosis due to trauma in a growing patient,
severe crowding, or delayed migration of the gingival tissue.
• The gingival margins can be leveled by orthodontic intrusion or extrusion or by
periodontal surgery, depending on the lip line, the crown heights, and the gingival
levels of the adjacent teeth.
24
Eight componets of balanced smile
25. Conclusion
• In summary, an optimal smile is characterized by an upper lip that reaches the
gingival margins, with an upward or straight curvature between the philtrum and
commissures; an upper incisal line coincident with the border of the lower lip;
minimal or no lateral negative space; a commissural line and occlusal frontal plane
parallel to the pupillary line; and harmoniously integrated dental and gingival
components. These concepts of smile esthetics are not new, but are too often
overlooked in orthodontic treatment planning. The eight components of the smile
should be considered not as rigid boundaries, but as artistic guidelines to help
orthodontists treat individual patients who are today, more than ever, highly aware
of smile esthetics
25
Eight componets of balanced smile