This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), G.C. Tooth Mousse, and Gluma Desensitizer in treating dentin hypersensitivity. Twelve patients with sensitive teeth were treated with one of the three agents and sensitivity was measured over six months. Both G.C. Tooth Mousse and Gluma Desensitizer provided 100% relief from sensitivity after six months, while ACP provided 60% relief. All three agents reduced sensitivity, but G.C. Tooth Mousse and Gluma Desensitizer showed more lasting effects compared to ACP.
DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY - ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTDr.Shraddha Kode
This document discusses dentin hypersensitivity (DH), including its definition, prevalence, causes, diagnostic process, and treatment options. It notes that DH is pain from exposed dentin in response to stimuli that cannot be explained by other dental issues. It affects 20-50 year olds, especially women, and commonly occurs in canines and premolars. Treatment includes at-home options like desensitizing toothpastes and in-office options like potassium nitrate, resins, or lasers to occlude tubules or disturb nerve transmission. Newer treatments showing promise include arginine-based toothpastes and nano-hydroxyapatite due to their ability to quickly and effectively reduce DH pain.
This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the efficacy of MI varnish and Clinpro XT varnish in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. The study found that MI varnish, a calcium phosphate-based varnish, was more effective at reducing sensitivity based on ice test and cold water test scores compared to Clinpro XT varnish, a resin modified glass ionomer-based varnish. Both varnishes showed a reduction in sensitivity but MI varnish produced approximately double the percentage change in sensitivity scores compared to Clinpro XT varnish. The study concluded that MI varnish was more effective at reducing dentinal hypersensitivity.
This document presents a case report on using microabrasion and remineralization (MAB-RE) to treat dental fluorosis. A 12-year-old patient presented with brown-yellow stains on their teeth due to moderate fluorosis. Over 10 weeks, microabrasion was performed using acid etching and pumice, followed by application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) cream. This non-invasive technique successfully removed the stains without removing tooth structure. The combination of microabrasion and remineralization provides a conservative long-term approach for treating enamel defects from conditions like dental fluorosis.
His eva of caoh&bond agnt in direct pulp capping/ rotary endodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of vital pulp therapy techniques including direct pulp capping, indirect pulp capping, and pulpotomy. It defines each technique and discusses indications, contraindications, procedures, and materials used. Direct pulp capping involves placing a material directly on an exposed pulp to facilitate reparative dentin formation. Indirect pulp capping treats deep lesions near but not exposing the pulp. Pulpotomy involves removing coronal pulp and placing a medicament on radicular pulp stumps to promote healing. Common materials discussed include calcium hydroxide, MTA, and formocresol. Histologic outcomes and the properties of each material are also summarized.
This study compared the efficacy of three commercially available toothpastes for treating dentinal hypersensitivity: 1) 5% potassium nitrate, 2) 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate, and 3) 3.85% amine fluoride. A placebo toothpaste was also included. 149 subjects were randomly assigned to use one of the four toothpastes twice daily for 6 weeks. Sensitivity was measured using air and cold water stimuli at baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks. All groups showed a reduction in sensitivity scores over time. However, the calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste produced significantly greater reduction in sensitivity compared to the other toothpastes and placebo after 6 weeks of use. The calcium sodium phosphosilicate
This in vitro study investigated the effectiveness of the remineralizing agents Tooth Mousse and ProNamel in preventing dental erosion in both primary and permanent teeth. Enamel samples from extracted human teeth were treated with one of the agents or a control and then exposed to acid. Surface microhardness was measured before and after acid exposure. Both Tooth Mousse and ProNamel reduced enamel softening compared to the control, with ProNamel showing the greatest protective effect, especially in permanent teeth. The study suggests that remineralizing agents may help mitigate dental erosion.
DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY - ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTDr.Shraddha Kode
This document discusses dentin hypersensitivity (DH), including its definition, prevalence, causes, diagnostic process, and treatment options. It notes that DH is pain from exposed dentin in response to stimuli that cannot be explained by other dental issues. It affects 20-50 year olds, especially women, and commonly occurs in canines and premolars. Treatment includes at-home options like desensitizing toothpastes and in-office options like potassium nitrate, resins, or lasers to occlude tubules or disturb nerve transmission. Newer treatments showing promise include arginine-based toothpastes and nano-hydroxyapatite due to their ability to quickly and effectively reduce DH pain.
This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the efficacy of MI varnish and Clinpro XT varnish in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. The study found that MI varnish, a calcium phosphate-based varnish, was more effective at reducing sensitivity based on ice test and cold water test scores compared to Clinpro XT varnish, a resin modified glass ionomer-based varnish. Both varnishes showed a reduction in sensitivity but MI varnish produced approximately double the percentage change in sensitivity scores compared to Clinpro XT varnish. The study concluded that MI varnish was more effective at reducing dentinal hypersensitivity.
This document presents a case report on using microabrasion and remineralization (MAB-RE) to treat dental fluorosis. A 12-year-old patient presented with brown-yellow stains on their teeth due to moderate fluorosis. Over 10 weeks, microabrasion was performed using acid etching and pumice, followed by application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) cream. This non-invasive technique successfully removed the stains without removing tooth structure. The combination of microabrasion and remineralization provides a conservative long-term approach for treating enamel defects from conditions like dental fluorosis.
His eva of caoh&bond agnt in direct pulp capping/ rotary endodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of vital pulp therapy techniques including direct pulp capping, indirect pulp capping, and pulpotomy. It defines each technique and discusses indications, contraindications, procedures, and materials used. Direct pulp capping involves placing a material directly on an exposed pulp to facilitate reparative dentin formation. Indirect pulp capping treats deep lesions near but not exposing the pulp. Pulpotomy involves removing coronal pulp and placing a medicament on radicular pulp stumps to promote healing. Common materials discussed include calcium hydroxide, MTA, and formocresol. Histologic outcomes and the properties of each material are also summarized.
This study compared the efficacy of three commercially available toothpastes for treating dentinal hypersensitivity: 1) 5% potassium nitrate, 2) 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate, and 3) 3.85% amine fluoride. A placebo toothpaste was also included. 149 subjects were randomly assigned to use one of the four toothpastes twice daily for 6 weeks. Sensitivity was measured using air and cold water stimuli at baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks. All groups showed a reduction in sensitivity scores over time. However, the calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste produced significantly greater reduction in sensitivity compared to the other toothpastes and placebo after 6 weeks of use. The calcium sodium phosphosilicate
This in vitro study investigated the effectiveness of the remineralizing agents Tooth Mousse and ProNamel in preventing dental erosion in both primary and permanent teeth. Enamel samples from extracted human teeth were treated with one of the agents or a control and then exposed to acid. Surface microhardness was measured before and after acid exposure. Both Tooth Mousse and ProNamel reduced enamel softening compared to the control, with ProNamel showing the greatest protective effect, especially in permanent teeth. The study suggests that remineralizing agents may help mitigate dental erosion.
This document summarizes a seminar on chemical plaque control presented by dental students and faculty. It discusses the definitions and classifications of chemical plaque control agents. First generation agents include antibiotics, phenols, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Second generation includes bisbiguanides like chlorhexidine, and third generation includes delmopinol. The mechanisms of action and properties of various agents are described, including triclosan, metallic ions, chlorhexidine, and enzymes. Dentifrices and disclosing agents used for plaque control are also summarized.
Recent advances in management of dental hypersensitivityManoj Paradhi
Dentin hypersensitivity is characterized by short, sharp pain from exposed dentin in response to stimuli that cannot be attributed to other dental issues. The hydrodynamic theory is the most accepted explanation for the mechanism, where stimuli cause rapid fluid movement within dentinal tubules activating nerve fibers. Management focuses on occluding tubules with agents like potassium nitrate toothpastes or sealants, or blocking pulpal nerves. Treatment aims to reduce dentin permeability and fluid movement providing relief from hypersensitivity.
This document discusses classification systems and treatment protocols for tooth avulsion. It provides details on splinting procedures, storage media like milk, coconut water and Hanks balanced salt solution, and healing modalities for replanted teeth including with the periodontal ligament, surface resorption, ankylosis or inflammatory resorption. The ideal outcome after replantation is revascularization or apexogenesis, but alternative treatments may be needed depending on clinical or radiographic findings.
The document discusses xylitol, a sugar substitute that may help prevent dental caries. It introduces xylitol and describes its mechanism of action, including that it cannot be fermented by plaque bacteria, inhibits growth of Streptococcus mutans, and increases saliva flow. The document recommends a dosage of 3-8 grams per day for children and adults and reviews studies showing xylitol's effectiveness in gums, syrups, toothpastes, and other products at reducing dental caries.
This document summarizes information about chlorhexidine (CHX), a commonly used chemical plaque control agent. It discusses CHX's bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, mechanisms of action, formulations, efficacy, advantages such as substantivity, recommended usage, and potential side effects. CHX is considered the gold standard due to its strong antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and its ability to bind to tooth surfaces through its dicationic nature, prolonging its effects for up to 12 hours with a single rinse.
Pit and fissure sealants are dental materials applied to the pits and grooves of teeth to isolate them from the oral cavity and prevent dental caries. They work by sealing off enamel surfaces where plaque can accumulate. There are two main types - resin-based and glass ionomer-based sealants. Resin sealants are more effective at preventing caries but are more technique sensitive, while glass ionomer sealants are less effective but easier to apply. The clinical application of pit and fissure sealants involves isolating the tooth, cleaning and etching the enamel surface, applying the sealant material, and curing it with light. Sealants must be regularly checked and reapplied due to wear from chewing forces.
This document discusses various methods for controlling plaque biofilm, including gingival massage, oral irrigation, mouthrinses, and disclosing agents. Gingival massage increases keratinization and mitotic activity in the gingiva. Oral irrigation, especially with a water flosser or water jet, has been shown to reduce gingivitis, bleeding, and periodontal pathogens when added to toothbrushing. Prescription chlorhexidine rinse and nonprescription essential oil rinses are effective for reducing plaque and gingivitis. Patient education and frequent plaque removal are important for long-term control of plaque biofilm and periodontal disease.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Deep Caries Dentin: A Clinical Studyasclepiuspdfs
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of calcium hydroxide on arresting deep carious lesions in permanent teeth. Methods: A total of 190 patients aged between 15 and 55 years old were selected for this clinical study. Calcium hydroxide was applied to fully matured permanent anterior or posterior teeth clinically and radiographically after 2 weeks, 3–4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1-year follow-up. Results: The overall survival rate was 89.4%. The findings of this study showed that calcium hydroxide is effective in arresting deep carious lesions and formation tertiary dentine as well as preservation teeth vitality. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide is effective in reducing the risk of pulp exposure in deep carious lesion.
Tooth hypersensitivity is a common problem encountered in everyday life and clinical practice. This presentation clearly shows causes, methods of prevention and treatment in such cases.
This study evaluated the clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond) and a one-bottle adhesive system (Prime&Bond NT) in non-carious Class V restorations over 2 years. 98 restorations were placed in 32 patients using the two adhesive systems. At 2 years, the retention rates were 93% for Clearfil SE Bond and 91% for Prime&Bond NT, showing very good clinical performance for both systems with no statistically significant differences in failure rates. A few restorations showed slight marginal discoloration or adaptation issues, but no restorations exhibited postoperative sensitivity, recurrent caries or changes in anatomical form.
Dens evaginatus- a problem based approachAshok Ayer
Dens evaginatus is an uncommon developmental anomaly of human dentition characterized by the presence of tubercle on the occlusal surface of mandibular premolars and lingual surface of anterior teeth.Due to occlusal trauma, this tubercle tends to fracture thus exposing the pathway to the pulp chamber of teeth. This case report is about the presentation of dens evaginatus in mandibular premolars bilaterally; among them, tooth 44 was associated with chronic apical periodontitis. Fractured tubercle of three premolars was sealed with composite resin. Root canal treatment was performed with tooth 44. Routine endodontic treatment did not result in remission of infection.Therefore, culture and sensitivity tests were performed to identify the cause and modify treatment plan accordingly. The triple antibiotic paste was used as an intracanal medicament to disinfect the root canal that resulted in remission of infection.
This study evaluated the efficacy of a dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate compared to one containing potassium nitrate for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Sixty subjects with dentin hypersensitivity were divided into two groups and treated with one of the dentifrices for 3 weeks, followed by a 3 week follow up after treatment ceased. Both treatments significantly reduced sensitivity scores from baseline to 3 and 6 weeks. However, the calcium sodium phosphosilicate dentifrice provided significantly greater reduction in sensitivity scores compared to potassium nitrate at 3 and 6 weeks, and maintained lower scores after treatment ceased. The study concluded calcium sodium phosphosilicate is more effective at treating dentin hypersensitivity than potassium nitrate.
This document discusses pulpotomy, including definitions, indications, contraindications, classifications, and types. Pulpotomy involves removing the coronal portion of the dental pulp and placing a medicament to promote healing and preserve vitality. Types discussed include formocresol pulpotomy, electrosurgical pulpotomy, laser pulpotomy, glutaraldehyde, ferric sulphate, calcium hydroxide, MTA, and Cvek's pulpotomy. Success is defined as asymptomatic pulp without pathology. Pulpotomy is indicated for carious exposure in a vital tooth with healthy supporting tissues and no signs of infection.
Deep caries management /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The document discusses various modalities for pulp treatment including protective base placement, indirect pulp capping therapy, direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, and root canal treatment. It describes indications, contraindications, materials, and procedures for each treatment. Key points include calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate being common pulp capping agents, formocresol and glutaraldehyde used for devitalizing pulpotomies, and ferric sulfate and mineral trioxide aggregate promoting pulp preservation and regeneration respectively.
This document discusses tooth colour and bleaching techniques. It begins by describing the natural colours of teeth and factors that affect tooth colour. It then discusses intrinsic and extrinsic tooth discolouration, their causes, and management options. Bleaching techniques are summarized, including home bleaching using trays, in-office bleaching, and non-vital bleaching. Risks and management of sensitivity are also covered. Lasers can be used to enhance bleaching but have higher costs and potential sensitivity risks.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
This document summarizes a seminar on chemical plaque control presented by dental students and faculty. It discusses the definitions and classifications of chemical plaque control agents. First generation agents include antibiotics, phenols, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Second generation includes bisbiguanides like chlorhexidine, and third generation includes delmopinol. The mechanisms of action and properties of various agents are described, including triclosan, metallic ions, chlorhexidine, and enzymes. Dentifrices and disclosing agents used for plaque control are also summarized.
Recent advances in management of dental hypersensitivityManoj Paradhi
Dentin hypersensitivity is characterized by short, sharp pain from exposed dentin in response to stimuli that cannot be attributed to other dental issues. The hydrodynamic theory is the most accepted explanation for the mechanism, where stimuli cause rapid fluid movement within dentinal tubules activating nerve fibers. Management focuses on occluding tubules with agents like potassium nitrate toothpastes or sealants, or blocking pulpal nerves. Treatment aims to reduce dentin permeability and fluid movement providing relief from hypersensitivity.
This document discusses classification systems and treatment protocols for tooth avulsion. It provides details on splinting procedures, storage media like milk, coconut water and Hanks balanced salt solution, and healing modalities for replanted teeth including with the periodontal ligament, surface resorption, ankylosis or inflammatory resorption. The ideal outcome after replantation is revascularization or apexogenesis, but alternative treatments may be needed depending on clinical or radiographic findings.
The document discusses xylitol, a sugar substitute that may help prevent dental caries. It introduces xylitol and describes its mechanism of action, including that it cannot be fermented by plaque bacteria, inhibits growth of Streptococcus mutans, and increases saliva flow. The document recommends a dosage of 3-8 grams per day for children and adults and reviews studies showing xylitol's effectiveness in gums, syrups, toothpastes, and other products at reducing dental caries.
This document summarizes information about chlorhexidine (CHX), a commonly used chemical plaque control agent. It discusses CHX's bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, mechanisms of action, formulations, efficacy, advantages such as substantivity, recommended usage, and potential side effects. CHX is considered the gold standard due to its strong antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and its ability to bind to tooth surfaces through its dicationic nature, prolonging its effects for up to 12 hours with a single rinse.
Pit and fissure sealants are dental materials applied to the pits and grooves of teeth to isolate them from the oral cavity and prevent dental caries. They work by sealing off enamel surfaces where plaque can accumulate. There are two main types - resin-based and glass ionomer-based sealants. Resin sealants are more effective at preventing caries but are more technique sensitive, while glass ionomer sealants are less effective but easier to apply. The clinical application of pit and fissure sealants involves isolating the tooth, cleaning and etching the enamel surface, applying the sealant material, and curing it with light. Sealants must be regularly checked and reapplied due to wear from chewing forces.
This document discusses various methods for controlling plaque biofilm, including gingival massage, oral irrigation, mouthrinses, and disclosing agents. Gingival massage increases keratinization and mitotic activity in the gingiva. Oral irrigation, especially with a water flosser or water jet, has been shown to reduce gingivitis, bleeding, and periodontal pathogens when added to toothbrushing. Prescription chlorhexidine rinse and nonprescription essential oil rinses are effective for reducing plaque and gingivitis. Patient education and frequent plaque removal are important for long-term control of plaque biofilm and periodontal disease.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Deep Caries Dentin: A Clinical Studyasclepiuspdfs
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of calcium hydroxide on arresting deep carious lesions in permanent teeth. Methods: A total of 190 patients aged between 15 and 55 years old were selected for this clinical study. Calcium hydroxide was applied to fully matured permanent anterior or posterior teeth clinically and radiographically after 2 weeks, 3–4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1-year follow-up. Results: The overall survival rate was 89.4%. The findings of this study showed that calcium hydroxide is effective in arresting deep carious lesions and formation tertiary dentine as well as preservation teeth vitality. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide is effective in reducing the risk of pulp exposure in deep carious lesion.
Tooth hypersensitivity is a common problem encountered in everyday life and clinical practice. This presentation clearly shows causes, methods of prevention and treatment in such cases.
This study evaluated the clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond) and a one-bottle adhesive system (Prime&Bond NT) in non-carious Class V restorations over 2 years. 98 restorations were placed in 32 patients using the two adhesive systems. At 2 years, the retention rates were 93% for Clearfil SE Bond and 91% for Prime&Bond NT, showing very good clinical performance for both systems with no statistically significant differences in failure rates. A few restorations showed slight marginal discoloration or adaptation issues, but no restorations exhibited postoperative sensitivity, recurrent caries or changes in anatomical form.
Dens evaginatus- a problem based approachAshok Ayer
Dens evaginatus is an uncommon developmental anomaly of human dentition characterized by the presence of tubercle on the occlusal surface of mandibular premolars and lingual surface of anterior teeth.Due to occlusal trauma, this tubercle tends to fracture thus exposing the pathway to the pulp chamber of teeth. This case report is about the presentation of dens evaginatus in mandibular premolars bilaterally; among them, tooth 44 was associated with chronic apical periodontitis. Fractured tubercle of three premolars was sealed with composite resin. Root canal treatment was performed with tooth 44. Routine endodontic treatment did not result in remission of infection.Therefore, culture and sensitivity tests were performed to identify the cause and modify treatment plan accordingly. The triple antibiotic paste was used as an intracanal medicament to disinfect the root canal that resulted in remission of infection.
This study evaluated the efficacy of a dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate compared to one containing potassium nitrate for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Sixty subjects with dentin hypersensitivity were divided into two groups and treated with one of the dentifrices for 3 weeks, followed by a 3 week follow up after treatment ceased. Both treatments significantly reduced sensitivity scores from baseline to 3 and 6 weeks. However, the calcium sodium phosphosilicate dentifrice provided significantly greater reduction in sensitivity scores compared to potassium nitrate at 3 and 6 weeks, and maintained lower scores after treatment ceased. The study concluded calcium sodium phosphosilicate is more effective at treating dentin hypersensitivity than potassium nitrate.
This document discusses pulpotomy, including definitions, indications, contraindications, classifications, and types. Pulpotomy involves removing the coronal portion of the dental pulp and placing a medicament to promote healing and preserve vitality. Types discussed include formocresol pulpotomy, electrosurgical pulpotomy, laser pulpotomy, glutaraldehyde, ferric sulphate, calcium hydroxide, MTA, and Cvek's pulpotomy. Success is defined as asymptomatic pulp without pathology. Pulpotomy is indicated for carious exposure in a vital tooth with healthy supporting tissues and no signs of infection.
Deep caries management /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The document discusses various modalities for pulp treatment including protective base placement, indirect pulp capping therapy, direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, and root canal treatment. It describes indications, contraindications, materials, and procedures for each treatment. Key points include calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate being common pulp capping agents, formocresol and glutaraldehyde used for devitalizing pulpotomies, and ferric sulfate and mineral trioxide aggregate promoting pulp preservation and regeneration respectively.
This document discusses tooth colour and bleaching techniques. It begins by describing the natural colours of teeth and factors that affect tooth colour. It then discusses intrinsic and extrinsic tooth discolouration, their causes, and management options. Bleaching techniques are summarized, including home bleaching using trays, in-office bleaching, and non-vital bleaching. Risks and management of sensitivity are also covered. Lasers can be used to enhance bleaching but have higher costs and potential sensitivity risks.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
1. Clinical Efficacy of Amorphous
Calcium Phosphate, G.C.Tooth
Mousse and Gluma Desensitizer in
Treating Dentin Hypersensitivity
Rosaiah.K, Aruna.K
2. INTRODUCTION:
• Dental wear is commonly classified as abrasion, erosion and attrition. Dentin
hypersensitivity is the clinical outcome of this phenomenon.(2)Tooth
hypersensitivity is an exaggerated response to a non-noxious sensory stimulus.The
International Association for Study of Pain (IASP) has ascribed the term “allodynia”
for such pain and this should probably be modified to “allodontia” as it concerns
the tooth.
• Prevention or relief of pain of hypersensitive dentin can be accomplished by; a)
sealing the outer ends of dentinal tubules, b) coagulating the tubular protoplasm
by chemical treatment, c) providing chemical ions which precipitate the
protoplasmic fluid in the tubules and create a tubular plug, d) sealing the pulpal end
of tubules, usually by stimulating the formation of secondary dentin, e)
anesthetizing the nerve endings at the pulp-dentin junction by agents that can
permeate through the tubules and providing an agent that will permeate through
the dentinal tubules and suppress firing in the nerves of the dental pulp.
3. • Gluma Desensitizer (Kulzer) is a commercial preparation containing 5%
glutaraldehyde and 35% Hydroxyethyl methacrylate and is used as a simple,
one-step chair-side procedure for treating and preventing dentinal
hypersensitivity.(3)
• The search for a natural desensitizing agent with long-lasting effects has led
to the observation that calcium phosphate minerals obstruct dentinal tubule
orifices mimicking the natural process of sclerosis.This could be achieved on
the tooth surface by sequential application of calcium chloride and
potassium phosphate solutions which form amorphous calcium phosphate
(ACP) and block the dentinal tubules.(4)
• G.C. tooth mousse is a commercial preparation containing ACP and casein
phosphopeptide (CPP).The ACP-CPP combination localizes in plaque in the
form of Nano clusters and causes remineralization of enamel at a much
faster rate than seen with ACP alone.This study evaluates the desensitizing
effect of ACP, G.C tooth mousse and gluma desensitizer on dentinal
hypersensitivity.
4. • AIM:TO EVALUATETHE CLINICAL EFFICACY OF AMORPHOUS
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE,G.C.TOOTH MOUSSE AND GLUMA
DESENSITIZER INTREATING DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY.
5. • MATERIAL AND METHODS: 12 Adult patients between 20-50 years of age,
presenting with the chief complaint of dentin hypersensitivity.
Patients with a minimum of two sensitive lesions each in any three quadrants
were selected for the study.The loss of dentin had to be less than 0.5mm in
depth which did not require any restorative regimen.Teeth with erosion,
attrition, caries, cracks, restorations or pulpitis were excluded from the study.
A detailed case history was taken and two sensitive lesions each from three
quadrants were identified and the quadrants grouped as follows:
1. Group I:The lesions were treated with ACP which is applied thrice on 1st,
7th and 28th day.
2. Group II:The lesions were treated with G.C.Tooth Mousse following the
manufacturer’s instructions.
3. Group III:The lesions were treated with a single application of Gluma
Desensitizer following the manufacturer’s instructions.
6. Materials:
1) Fresh solutions of 1.5 mol/l calcium chloride and 1.0 mol/l aqueous potassium phosphate
2) G.C. tooth mousse (G.C.Corporation)
3) Gluma Desensitizer (Kulzer)
• Baseline sensitivity values were recorded before starting the treatment on the visual
analogue scale [VAS].
Procedure:
• Group I (ACP group): Fresh solutions of 1.5 mol/l calcium chloride and 1 mol/l of potassium
phosphate were prepared. Calcium chloride solution was applied to the isolated sensitive
lesions using a cotton pellet saturated with the solution and rubbed on the surface for 5
seconds followed by an application of potassium phosphate solution.The patients were
asked not to rinse, eat or drink for 30 minutes after the treatment. A total of three
applications were carried out.
7. • Group II (G.C.Tooth Mousse group): A generous layer of G.C.Tooth Mousse was
applied on the teeth surfaces according to manufacturer‟s instructions.
• Group III (Gluma Desensitizer group): The smallest amount of Gluma Desensitizer
was applied to the dentin using pellets or brushes and left for 30-60 seconds making
sure that it contacts only the area to be treated.The surface was dried carefully with a
stream of air until the fluid disappeared and the surface was no longer shiny and then
rinsed thoroughly with water. A single application of Gluma Desensitizer was carried
out.
The sensitivity tests were the tactile and thermal (water at room temp, 15oC and 45oC)
tests. Sensitivity values were recorded on theVAS where the patients were asked to
define the degree of sensitivity by placing a vertical mark on a 10 cm horizontal line
where „O‟ was no pain and „10‟ was severe pain.
8. • Results :
The results were analyzed using 2 way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures
of time and treatment as primary variables. Statistical analysis showed significant reduction in
dentin hypersensitivity when baselineVAS scores were compared to post treatment scores at
2, 4 and 6 month .
Results revealed that lesions in Group II i.e. G.C.Tooth Mousse group and Group III i.e. Gluma
Desensitizer group showed 100% relief from sensitivity 6 months after treatment when the
sensitivity was evaluated by using water at 45oC and water at room temperature.
However when tactile stimulus was used to evaluate sensitivity, there was 88% reduction in
sensitivity in lesions belonging to group II and 72% reduction in lesions belonging to group III.
When water at 15oC was used to evaluate sensitivity, there was 85% reduction in sensitivity in
teeth belonging to group II and 87% reduction in sensitivity in teeth belonging to group III
during the 6th month evaluation.
The clinical performances of G.C.Tooth Mousse and Gluma Desensitizer were similar.ACP
caused a 60% reduction in tactile sensitivity, 72% reduction in sensitivity to water at 450C
temperature, 55% reduction in sensitivity to water at room temperature and 76% reduction in
sensitivity to water at 15oC. It has shown maximum desensitizing action at the 2nd month
evaluation period after which the desensitizing effect has gradually reduced.
9.
10. Discussion :
• ACP was developed byTung et al in 2003(4) as it mimics the natural process of dentinal sclerosis and
provides effective biocompatible treatment for dentin hypersensitivity. ACP is precipitated under oral
physiological conditions by the sequential application of calcium chloride (1.5mol/l) solution followed by
potassium phosphate (1mol/l) maintained at a pH of 9.5.
• G.C.Tooth Mousse was developed by Prof Reynolds at the University of Melbourne in 1998.(5) It contains
CPP and ACP. CPP stabilizes ACP and forms nano complexes withACP at the tooth surface thereby
providing a reservoir of calcium and phosphate ions which favors mineralization. CPP also buffers the Ph of
plaque, depresses demineralization and enhances remineralization which also results in the anticariogenic
property of CPP-ACP.(6)
• Gluma Desensitizer contains hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) with glutaraldehyde resulting in its
desensitizing effect by precipitation of plasma proteins in the dentinal tubules which reduces dentinal
permeability and occludes the peripheral tubules.(3)The presence of glutaraldehyde causes irreversible
stiffening of collagen, inhibits dentin demineralization thus preventing caries development and also
imparts an antibacterial effect to Gluma Desensitizer. It has proved to be superior desensitizing agent and
results of this study are similar to the results of similar studies carried out earlier.(7, 8).
11. • The stimuli used to evaluate sensitivity were tactile evaluation (where an explorer is passed
over the sensitive lesion), and thermal evaluation i.e. response to water at water at room
temperature and 15oC and 45oC, as thermal tests and cold test in particular have a good
correlation to the hypersensitivity symptoms encountered in daily life.The temperatures of
45oC and 15oC had been selected as these were the temperatures at which food and
beverages were likely to be frequently consumed. Results at 2nd, 4th and 6th month
evaluation periods showed that while all three materials were effective in reducing
sensitivity, G.C. tooth mousse and Gluma Desensitizer were clearly superior toACP.
• G.C.Tooth Mousse and Gluma Desensitizer have not only shown a rapid reduction in
sensitivity, they have also shown a prolonged desensitizing action and patient satisfaction
was highest with both these agents as seen with earlier studies.This effect can be
attributed to the mechanism of action of these agents.
• Successful management of dentin hypersensitivity requires more research into factors such
as diet, lifestyle and salivary flow/content.Correcting the factors which have led to
sensitivity in the first place alone can prevent recurrence. It is desirable to develop novel
agents that are capable of more effective and lasting tubule occlusion such as methods that
mimic or harness the natural defense reactions of the dentin-pulp complex.
12. Conclusion :
• All three agents, i.e. ACP, G.C. tooth mousse and Gluma desensitizer rapidly
and effectively reduced dentin hypersensitivity. It can be concluded that
G.C. tooth mousse and Gluma desensitizer have a more lasting desensitizing
effect when compared to ACP.Whereas Gluma Desensitizer achieved its
desensitizing action in a single application, multiple applications were
required for G.C.Tooth Mousse in reducing sensitivity.
13. References :
• 1. Pashley DH. Dentin permeability: theory and practice. Experimental Endodontics1990:19–49.
• 2. Addy M, Embery G, Edgar M, Orchardson R.Tooth wear and sensitivity. London, Martin Dunitz
2000.
• 3. Schüpbach P, Lutz F, Finger W. Closing of dentinal tubules by Gluma desensitizer. European
Journal of Oral Sciences1997;105(5):414-21.
• 4. Geiger S, Matalon S, Blasbalg J,Tung M, Eichmiller F.The clinical effect of amorphous calcium
phosphate (ACP) on root surface hypersensitivity. Operative Dentistry 2003; 28 (5): 496-500.
• 5. Shen P, Cai F, Nowicki A,Vincent J, Reynolds E. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions
by sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.
Journal of Dental Research2001;80(12):2066-70.
• 6. Reynolds E, Cain C,Webber E, Black C, Riley P, Johnson I, Perich J. Anticariogenicity of calcium
phosphate complexes of tryptic casein phosphopeptides in the rat. Journal of Dental
Research1995;74(6):1272-9.
• 7. Jain P, Reinhardt J, Krell K. Effect of dentin desensitizers and dentin bonding agents on dentin
permeability.American Journal of Dentistry 2000; 13(1):21-7.
• 8. Camps J. Efficiency and cytotoxicity of resinbased desensitizing agents. American Journal of
Dentistry 2002;15(5):300-4.