java

1. Interface in Java

2.  An interface is like a class. It has static constants and abstract methods.
 Interfaces are declared using the interface keyword,
 method signature
 constant declarations (variable declarations that are declared to be
both static and final).
 An interface never contains method implementations (ie function
"bodies").

3. access interface name
{
return-type method-name1(parameter-list);
return-type method-name2(parameter-list);
type final-varname1 = value;
type final-varname2 = value;
// ...
return-type method-nameN(parameter-list);
type final-varnameN = value;
}

4.  Access – either public or not used.
 Not used – default is an answer.
 Methods declared have no bodies and end with a semicolon after the
parameter list(abstract methods). Each class that includes an interface
must implement all of the methods.
 Variables – declared implicitly final and static, meaning they cannot be
changed by the implementing class. They must also be initialized with
a constant value.
 All methods and variables are implicitly public if the interface, itself, is
declared as public.

5. Understanding relationship between classes and interfaces

7.  To implement an interface
– include the implements clause in a class definition
access class classname [extends superclass] [implements interface
[,interface...]]
{
constant declarations ;
abstract method declarations;
}
 The methods that implement an interface must be declared public.

8. However, an interface is different from a class in several ways, including:
 You cannot instantiate an interface.
 An interface does not contain any constructors.
 All of the methods in an interface are abstract.
 An interface cannot contain instance fields. The only fields that can
appear in an interface must be declared both static and final.
 An interface is not extended by a class; it is implemented by a class.
 An interface can extend multiple interfaces.

9.  An interface can be declared as member of a class or another
interface – called nested interface.
 How can we define i/f inside a class and how can we access it.
class A
{
interface Message()
{
void msg();
}
}
Class test implements A.Message
{
Public void msg()
{
S.o.p(“Hello”);
}
Public static void main(String args[])
{
A.Message message=new test();
message.msg();
}
}

10.  Interfaces Can Be Extended:
 One interface can inherit another interface - extend.
 The syntax is the same as for inheriting classes.
// One interface an extend another.
interface A
{
void meth1();
void meth2();
}
// B now includes meth1() and meth2() -- it adds meth3().
interface B extends A
{
void meth3();
}

11. interface Printable
{
void print();
}
interface Showable extends Printable
{
void show();
}
class A implements Showable
{
public void print()
{System.out.println("Hello");}
public void show()
{System.out.println("Welcome");}
public static void main(String args[])
{
A obj=new A();
obj.print();
obj.show();
}}