Java Database Connectivity (Advanced programming)

1. Advanced Programming
Java Database Connectivity
Gera
2020
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2. Introduction
•A database is an organized collection of data.
•There are many different strategies for organizing
data to facilitate easy access and manipulation.
•A database management system (DBMS) provides
mechanisms for storing, organizing, retrieving and
modifying data for many users.
•Database management systems allow for the
access and storage of data without concern for the
internal representation of data. 2

3. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
•JDBC is Java application programming
interface that allows the Java programmers to
access database management system from
the java code.
•It was developed by JavaSoft, a subsidiary of
Sun Microsystems.
•It is a java API which enables the java
programs to execute SQL statements.
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4. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)…
• JDBC provides methods for querying and updating the
data in Relational Database Management system such
as SQL, Oracle etc.
• Generally all Relational Database Management
System supports SQL and we all know that Java is
platform independent.
• So JDBC makes it possible to write a single database
application that can run on different platforms and
interact with different Database Management
Systems. 4

5. The Structured Query Language SQL
•JDBC is an interface to SQL, which is the interface
to essentially all modern relational databases.
•Desktop databases usually have a graphical user
interfaces that lets users manipulate the data
directly, but server-based databases are accessed
purely through SQL.
•Most desktop databases have a SQL interface as
well, but it often does not support the full range of
ANSI SQL92 features, the current standard for SQL.
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6. SQL Basic SELECT Query
• Let us consider several SQL queries that extract information from
database books.
• A SQL query “selects” rows and columns from one or more tables
in a database. Such selections are performed by queries with the
SELECT keyword.
• The basic form of a SELECT query is
SELECT * FROM tableName
in which the asterisk (*) indicates that all columns from the
tableName table should be retrieved.
• For example, to retrieve all the data in the authors table, use
SELECT * FROM authors 6

7. SQL Basic SELECT Query
• For example, to retrieve only the columns authorID and lastName
for all rows in the authors table, use the query
SELECT authorID, lastName FROM authors
This query returns the data listed as following sample:
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8. SQL Basic SELECT Query
• SQL query keywords
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9. Installing JDBC
•First, you need a database program that is
compatible with JDBC.
•You will also need to create a database for your
experimental use.
•We assume you will call this database COREJAVA.
•Create a new database, or have your database
administrator create one with the appropriate
permissions. You need to be able to create,
update, and drop tables. 9

10. Installing JDBC…
• If you have never installed a client/server database
before, you may find that setting up the database is
somewhat complex and that it can be difficult to
diagnose the cause for failure.
• One alternative is to install a pure Java database such
as Cloudscape (http://www.cloudscape.com),
PointBase (http://www.pointbase.com), or InstantDB
(http://www.lutris.com/products/instantDB).
• These databases are less powerful but simple to set
up. 10

11. Installing JDBC…
•Essentially all database vendors already have
JDBC drivers.
•You need to locate the vendor's instructions
to load the driver into your program and to
connect to the database.
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12. Basic JDBC Programming Concepts
•Programming with the JDBC classes is, by
design, not very different from programming
with the usual Java platform classes:
•You build objects from the JDBC core classes,
extending them by inheritance if need be.
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13. Components of JDBC
1. The JDBC API.
2. The JDBC Driver Manager.
3. The JDBC Test Suite.
4. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge.
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14. JDBC API
• The JDBC API provides the facility for accessing the
relational database from the Java programming
language.
• The user not only execute the SQL statements, retrieve
results, and update the data but can also access it
anywhere within a network because of it's "Write Once,
Run Anywhere" (WORA) capabilities.
• Due to JDBC API technology, user can also access other
tabular data sources like spreadsheets or flat files even in
the a heterogeneous environment.
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15. JDBC API…
• JDBC application programming interface is a part of the
Java platform that have included Java SE and Java EE in
itself.
• The latest version of JDBC 4.0 application programming
interface is divided into two packages.
i) java.sql.
ii) javax.sql.
• Java SE and Java EE platforms are included in both the
packages.
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16. JDBC Driver
• A JDBC driver translates standard JDBC calls into a
network or database protocol OR into a database library
API call that facilitates communication with the
database.
• There are four distinct types of JDBC drivers.
1. JDBC-ODBC Bridge + ODBC Driver, also called as Type1
2. Native API , Pure/partly Java Driver, also called Type 2.
3. JDBC –Net Pure Java Driver, also called Type 3.
4. Native Protocol , Pure Java Driver, also called Type 4.
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17. JDBC Driver Manager
• The JDBC Driver Manager is a very important class that
defines objects which connect Java applications to a
JDBC driver.
• Usually Driver Manager is the backbone of the JDBC
architecture.
• It's very simple and small that is used to provide a means
of managing the different types of JDBC database driver
running on an application.
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18. JDBC Driver Manager…
•The main responsibility of JDBC database driver is
to load all the drivers found in the system properly
as well as to select the most appropriate driver
from opening a connection to a database.
•The Driver Manager also helps to select the most
appropriate driver from the previously loaded
drivers when a new open database is connected.
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19. JDBC Test Suite
•The function of JDBC driver test suite is to make
ensure that the JDBC drivers will run user's
program or not .
•The test suite of JDBC application program
interface is very useful for testing a driver based
on JDBC technology during testing period.
•It ensures the requirement of Java Platform
Enterprise Edition (J2EE).
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20. ODBC (Open Data Base Connectivity)
•Open DataBase Connectivity is similar to Java
Database Connectivity which is used for
accessing and managing database, but the
difference is that JDBC is designed specifically
for Java programs, whereas ODBC is not
depended upon any language.
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21. JDBC-ODBC Bridge
•The JDBC-ODBC bridge, also known as JDBC type 1
driver is a database driver that utilize the ODBC
driver to connect the database.
•This driver translates JDBC method calls into ODBC
function calls.
•The Bridge implements Jdbc for any database for
which an Odbc driver is available.
•The Bridge is always implemented as the
sun.jdbc.odbc Java package and it contains a 21

22. Functions of JDBC-ODBC Bridge
•Translates query obtained by JDBC into
corresponding ODBC query, which is then handled
by the ODBC driver.
•Sun provides a JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver.
sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver. This driver is
native code and not Java, and is closed source.
•Client -> JDBC Driver -> ODBC Driver -> Database
•There is some overhead associated with the
translation work to go from JDBC to ODBC. 22

23. Components of JDBC
•This first two component of JDBC, the JDBC API
and the JDBC Driver Manager manages to connect
to the database and then build a java program that
utilizes SQL commands to communicate with any
RDBMS.
•On the other hand, the last two components are
used to communicate with ODBC or to test web
application in the specialized environment.
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24. References
➢S. Horstmann and Gary Cornell, Core Java 2 – Volume II-
Advanced Features, Sun Microsystems Press
➢Harvey M. Deitel and Paul J. Deitel, Java How to
Program, Deitel & Associates
➢Nitesh Kukreja and Pooja Talreja, “An introduction to
java connectivity (JDBC),”
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Gerabirhan Paulos
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