The document discusses the typical income levels of Australians based on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Taxation Office. It finds that the median household disposable income in Australia is $43,100 for a single person or $90,510 for a couple with two children. It also discusses how the Fuller Center for Housing in Queensland addresses affordable housing issues for lower-income Australians through an equity sharing model.
The document discusses sources of inequality in society and different measures used to assess poverty levels. It examines government programs aimed at reducing poverty like welfare, minimum wage, and a proposed universal basic income. The summary also analyzes arguments for and against these anti-poverty policies from perspectives of both supporters concerned with equality and opponents worried about reduced incentives to work.
Raising the minimum wage would have several positive economic and social impacts according to the document. It would stimulate consumer spending and economic growth by putting more money in the hands of minimum wage workers. It could also lead to more job opportunities as businesses hire more workers to meet increased demand. Additionally, raising the minimum wage may decrease expenses for social programs and reduce employee turnover rates as minimum wage workers feel more financially secure and satisfied in their jobs. However, some argue that raising wages could increase inflation, though the document asserts that it could actually help minimum wage workers keep up with rising prices. Overall, the document makes the case that modestly raising the minimum wage could have broad benefits for both businesses and low-income individuals.
Okay, here are the steps:
1) Federal tax withholding (from tables): $36
2) Social Security tax (6.2% of $628): $38.93
3) Medicare tax (1.45% of $628): $9.11
4) Medical insurance: $28
5) Union dues: $12
Total deductions: $36 + $38.93 + $9.11 + $28 + $12 = $124.04
Net pay: $628 - $124.04 = $503.96
So the deductions are $124.04 and the net pay is $503.96.
This document discusses health care policy issues in Texas, including:
1) Over 6 million Texans are uninsured, most of whom are working-age adults below 400% of the federal poverty level. Hispanics in Texas have particularly high uninsured rates.
2) If Texas expands Medicaid, over 1 million residents could gain coverage, bringing in an estimated $6 billion in new annual federal funds. This would significantly benefit large urban and South Texas counties.
3) Without expansion, about 1 million low-income Texans will remain in a "coverage gap" below the poverty line and ineligible for subsidies. Stakeholders will continue advocating for inclusion of these working poor.
The document provides guidance on creating a monthly budget, including sample budgets for income and expenses. It recommends estimating income from jobs and estimating expenses from past receipts and statements. The sample shows expenses exceeding income. It advises finding ways to increase income or cut expenses until the budget is balanced. Tracking expenses on paper, spreadsheets, or budgeting software can help. Budgeting is dynamic and should change with life circumstances. Living within your means, saving for emergencies, using credit wisely, and educating yourself about personal finance are emphasized.
The document discusses income inequality and the government's role in addressing it. It provides data showing disparities in income distribution in the US and how government taxes and transfers help reduce inequality. It also examines causes of inequality like differences in skills, education and household size, and debates around minimum wage laws and welfare programs.
The affects of government budgets on inequalitiesCCPANS
This presentation was part of a lunch and learn hosted by the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives-NS and the Community Coalition to End Poverty NS entitled Where’s the Social and Economic Justice in Recent Government Budgets? Other panelists included Wayne MacNaughton from the Community Advocates Network and Sheri Lecker from Adsum for Women in Children.
The document discusses sources of inequality in society and different measures used to assess poverty levels. It examines government programs aimed at reducing poverty like welfare, minimum wage, and a proposed universal basic income. The summary also analyzes arguments for and against these anti-poverty policies from perspectives of both supporters concerned with equality and opponents worried about reduced incentives to work.
Raising the minimum wage would have several positive economic and social impacts according to the document. It would stimulate consumer spending and economic growth by putting more money in the hands of minimum wage workers. It could also lead to more job opportunities as businesses hire more workers to meet increased demand. Additionally, raising the minimum wage may decrease expenses for social programs and reduce employee turnover rates as minimum wage workers feel more financially secure and satisfied in their jobs. However, some argue that raising wages could increase inflation, though the document asserts that it could actually help minimum wage workers keep up with rising prices. Overall, the document makes the case that modestly raising the minimum wage could have broad benefits for both businesses and low-income individuals.
Okay, here are the steps:
1) Federal tax withholding (from tables): $36
2) Social Security tax (6.2% of $628): $38.93
3) Medicare tax (1.45% of $628): $9.11
4) Medical insurance: $28
5) Union dues: $12
Total deductions: $36 + $38.93 + $9.11 + $28 + $12 = $124.04
Net pay: $628 - $124.04 = $503.96
So the deductions are $124.04 and the net pay is $503.96.
This document discusses health care policy issues in Texas, including:
1) Over 6 million Texans are uninsured, most of whom are working-age adults below 400% of the federal poverty level. Hispanics in Texas have particularly high uninsured rates.
2) If Texas expands Medicaid, over 1 million residents could gain coverage, bringing in an estimated $6 billion in new annual federal funds. This would significantly benefit large urban and South Texas counties.
3) Without expansion, about 1 million low-income Texans will remain in a "coverage gap" below the poverty line and ineligible for subsidies. Stakeholders will continue advocating for inclusion of these working poor.
The document provides guidance on creating a monthly budget, including sample budgets for income and expenses. It recommends estimating income from jobs and estimating expenses from past receipts and statements. The sample shows expenses exceeding income. It advises finding ways to increase income or cut expenses until the budget is balanced. Tracking expenses on paper, spreadsheets, or budgeting software can help. Budgeting is dynamic and should change with life circumstances. Living within your means, saving for emergencies, using credit wisely, and educating yourself about personal finance are emphasized.
The document discusses income inequality and the government's role in addressing it. It provides data showing disparities in income distribution in the US and how government taxes and transfers help reduce inequality. It also examines causes of inequality like differences in skills, education and household size, and debates around minimum wage laws and welfare programs.
The affects of government budgets on inequalitiesCCPANS
This presentation was part of a lunch and learn hosted by the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives-NS and the Community Coalition to End Poverty NS entitled Where’s the Social and Economic Justice in Recent Government Budgets? Other panelists included Wayne MacNaughton from the Community Advocates Network and Sheri Lecker from Adsum for Women in Children.
The document discusses key concepts in macroeconomics related to unemployment including:
- The labor force, labor force participation rate, employed and unemployed categories.
- Types of unemployment including frictional, seasonal, and structural unemployment. Structural unemployment can be caused by technological changes like smartphones.
- The natural rate of unemployment and cyclical unemployment.
- Government programs around unemployment including unemployment insurance which can unintentionally prolong unemployment through moral hazard.
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 128,000 jobs in October. Job growth has averaged 167,000 per month thus far in 2019, compared with an average monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. Employment declined in motor vehicles and parts manufacturing due to strike activity. Federal government employment was also down, reflecting a drop in the number of temporary jobs for the 2020 Census.
- Housing is still affordable based on median household incomes, but ratios are higher than in past decades due to rising prices
- Prices seem less extreme when considering households earning over $100,000, which make up a significant portion
- The issue is lack of housing stock in desirable inner-city areas, not overall affordability, as affordable homes exist in other areas
- Growing populations and incomes are increasing competition for finite housing in popular locations, which is driving prices up
Julia Gillard is struggling to convince Australians to support her plan to introduce a carbon tax, as it will increase prices for goods that produce pollution. Meanwhile, farmers in South Australia are expected to have their most profitable year due to good weather and commodity prices. Additionally, oil prices have risen despite Saudi Arabia's pledge to increase output, due to unrest in Libya disrupting oil production.
There are two common misconceptions about retirement planning that could harm retirees financially. The first is assuming retirement will only last 10-15 years, when increased lifespans mean it may last 20-30 years or longer. The second is being too conservative in investments and not accounting for inflation, which can erode purchasing power over a long retirement. Proper planning is needed to avoid running out of money in retirement given its potential longer duration.
Check Your Need for Workplace Financial WellnessPayCheck Direct
Rent to own, payday loans and high-interest credit cards are likely not your reality. For a sizable portion of your employee population, however, they are. Check your reality in these financial situations and see which choices you would make.
This document discusses how maintaining a lower standard of living while working makes retiring with a sustainable standard of living easier. It notes that higher income individuals often do not save enough to maintain their spending in retirement due to being accustomed to an expensive lifestyle. While lower income individuals also do not always save adequately, social security replaces a larger percentage of their pre-retirement income. The key takeaway is that consuming less now through saving more and maintaining a modest lifestyle allows one to avoid a dramatic drop in standard of living after retiring.
The document discusses economic inequality in the United States. It notes that economic inequality, or the wealth gap, has grown significantly since 1980 as incomes for the richest 1% have increased much more than for the poorest 20%. Several potential negative effects of economic inequality are discussed, including reduced economic growth, increased debt, and limited social mobility. The document proposes several solutions to address economic inequality, including raising taxes on the wealthy, increasing the minimum wage, implementing a maximum wage law to tie executive pay to average worker pay, and limiting rent-seeking behaviors. The document argues that the most effective solutions would be a combination of maximum wage laws and raising taxes on the wealthy.
The document discusses the financial challenges facing baby boomers in retirement. It notes that most boomers do not have enough savings and face historically low interest rates, making it difficult to generate sufficient monthly income from their savings. Even having $500,000 in savings would only generate around $350 per month. Most boomers will also be dependent on social security benefits, which for the average person provide around $1,177 per month. However, daily living expenses will take a large portion of that monthly income, leaving many boomers in a precarious financial situation in their retirement years. The document suggests starting a small home-based business to generate additional needed income.
This summary analyzes Ontario's first poverty reduction strategy, which aims to reduce child poverty through policies like the Ontario Child Benefit and investments in education. The strategy's goal is to cut child poverty by 25% in 5 years by helping families cover living costs and increasing educational opportunities for low-income youth. The document evaluates these policies' economic impacts using cost-benefit analysis and social welfare modeling. It finds the total annual cost of intergenerational poverty in Ontario is $4.6-5.9 billion, so reducing child poverty could significantly lower future costs while boosting economic productivity through greater human capital. The analysis aims to determine if Ontario's anti-poverty initiatives are efficient and effective tools for reducing hardship.
Power point slide presentation of the final projectobjectivediMARK547399
The document provides guidelines for creating a PowerPoint presentation for a final project. It states that PowerPoint presentations can be a powerful tool to accompany oral presentations but must be carefully prepared to not distract from the speaker. It provides tips for the presentation such as keeping it between 7-15 slides, using readable fonts, and checking it against the grading rubric.
Financial assistance is available for health insurance through two programs - the Advance Premium Tax Credit and Cost-Sharing Subsidy. The Advance Premium Tax Credit ensures individuals and families between 100-400% of the Federal Poverty Level do not pay more than a certain percentage of their income for a silver-level health plan. The Cost-Sharing Subsidy provides additional help with deductibles and copays for those between 100-250% FPL and allows the purchase of higher-level silver plans. To see if you qualify for assistance, you calculate your income as a percentage of the Federal Poverty Level and check the eligibility guidelines.
A Slow Economy, the Middle Class and New IdeasGene Balas, CFA
This document discusses the state of the US economy and middle class. It notes that median household income has fallen in recent decades while income inequality has risen. This has squeezed the middle class, reducing their spending power and constraining economic growth. Low productivity growth has also held down wages. To revive the economy, the document argues for policies that boost innovation, education, and worker training to increase productivity and wages over the long run.
The document provides financial information for Samuel and Maria Anderson, including their assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and financial goals. It calculates key financial ratios for the Andersons, such as their basic liquidity ratio, asset-to-debt ratio, debt service-to-income ratio, and debt payments-to-disposable income ratio. It then creates a monthly budget and restates their goals in the SMART format with specific savings amounts and timelines. The conclusion recommends refinancing their mortgage at a lower rate, downgrading their cars to reduce expenses, paying off high-interest credit card debt, and delaying charitable contributions until improving their financial position.
This document summarizes trends in income and wealth distribution in Australia. It finds that income and wealth are unevenly distributed, with a relatively small number of households having high incomes and wealth while many have low incomes and wealth. It also examines how factors like age, gender, ethnicity, family structure, education, and location can impact levels of income and wealth inequality.
Aviva's biannual UK Family Finances report (December 2014) reveals that:
> UK parents of 0-5s juggle earnings with childcare expenses
> 1 in 10 families using childcare for 0-5s say lower earner takes home nothing after childcare / work costs are paid
> Lower earner typically brings home just £243 after childcare / work costs are paid
> One in three families using childcare for 0-5s turn to grandparents
> Working parents are being hamstrung by childcare costs, with thousands effectively working for nothing, Aviva can reveal.
The company’s Winter 2014 Family Finances Report also reveals that one in 10 families paying childcare costs for youngsters aged 0-5, effectively see one earner bring home nothing from his or her job after childcare and work costs are taken into account.
Similarly one in four families in this position has one parent who brings home less than £100 a month after costs.
Find out more in the full report.
Infographics and quotagraphics to accompany this report are available on Flickr at https://www.flickr.com/photos/avivaplc/
#FamilyFinances
This document discusses various topics related to wealth, money, and financial literacy. It begins by outlining common misconceptions around wealth and the difficulties discussing it. It then discusses the financial lives of average Americans versus strategies used by wealthy individuals. Key points include understanding cash flow, the different types of income, and how the tax system can be used strategically through things like business structures. Debt is also discussed, noting it can be good when used for assets but not for liabilities or "doodads." The document ends by comparing potential returns on different investments over one year to illustrate the power of leverage.
Retirement Savings Challenges for WomenBobby Cherry
When it comes to saving for retirement and planning for retirement income, women face a number of unique challenges, which we’ll be discussing in more detail.
First of all, women generally live longer than men, which means they may need to plan for more years in retirement.
Because of their longer life expectancies, women should also consider that they may spend some of their retirement years living on their own.
Women often interrupt their careers to care for children and aging parents.
Because of these career interruptions, women may spend less time in the workforce and earn less money than men in the same age group, which could result in saving less for retirement and having a lower Social Security benefit.
It’s important to recognize these challenges and plan accordingly. Let’s look at each challenge a little more closely.
Income and Low Wage Work in the Atlanta RegionARCResearch
The Atlanta region has seen rapid growth in the years following the great recession. The metro area added 59,600 jobs from November 2013 to 2014, an employment growth rate of 2.4 percent. The region has reported employment gains each month for over four years following the recession and has experienced a higher rate of growth than the United States as a whole (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). However, many workers in the region are not earning sufficient wages to cover the basic costs of living and achieve economic security.
The document discusses key concepts in macroeconomics related to unemployment including:
- The labor force, labor force participation rate, employed and unemployed categories.
- Types of unemployment including frictional, seasonal, and structural unemployment. Structural unemployment can be caused by technological changes like smartphones.
- The natural rate of unemployment and cyclical unemployment.
- Government programs around unemployment including unemployment insurance which can unintentionally prolong unemployment through moral hazard.
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 128,000 jobs in October. Job growth has averaged 167,000 per month thus far in 2019, compared with an average monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. Employment declined in motor vehicles and parts manufacturing due to strike activity. Federal government employment was also down, reflecting a drop in the number of temporary jobs for the 2020 Census.
- Housing is still affordable based on median household incomes, but ratios are higher than in past decades due to rising prices
- Prices seem less extreme when considering households earning over $100,000, which make up a significant portion
- The issue is lack of housing stock in desirable inner-city areas, not overall affordability, as affordable homes exist in other areas
- Growing populations and incomes are increasing competition for finite housing in popular locations, which is driving prices up
Julia Gillard is struggling to convince Australians to support her plan to introduce a carbon tax, as it will increase prices for goods that produce pollution. Meanwhile, farmers in South Australia are expected to have their most profitable year due to good weather and commodity prices. Additionally, oil prices have risen despite Saudi Arabia's pledge to increase output, due to unrest in Libya disrupting oil production.
There are two common misconceptions about retirement planning that could harm retirees financially. The first is assuming retirement will only last 10-15 years, when increased lifespans mean it may last 20-30 years or longer. The second is being too conservative in investments and not accounting for inflation, which can erode purchasing power over a long retirement. Proper planning is needed to avoid running out of money in retirement given its potential longer duration.
Check Your Need for Workplace Financial WellnessPayCheck Direct
Rent to own, payday loans and high-interest credit cards are likely not your reality. For a sizable portion of your employee population, however, they are. Check your reality in these financial situations and see which choices you would make.
This document discusses how maintaining a lower standard of living while working makes retiring with a sustainable standard of living easier. It notes that higher income individuals often do not save enough to maintain their spending in retirement due to being accustomed to an expensive lifestyle. While lower income individuals also do not always save adequately, social security replaces a larger percentage of their pre-retirement income. The key takeaway is that consuming less now through saving more and maintaining a modest lifestyle allows one to avoid a dramatic drop in standard of living after retiring.
The document discusses economic inequality in the United States. It notes that economic inequality, or the wealth gap, has grown significantly since 1980 as incomes for the richest 1% have increased much more than for the poorest 20%. Several potential negative effects of economic inequality are discussed, including reduced economic growth, increased debt, and limited social mobility. The document proposes several solutions to address economic inequality, including raising taxes on the wealthy, increasing the minimum wage, implementing a maximum wage law to tie executive pay to average worker pay, and limiting rent-seeking behaviors. The document argues that the most effective solutions would be a combination of maximum wage laws and raising taxes on the wealthy.
The document discusses the financial challenges facing baby boomers in retirement. It notes that most boomers do not have enough savings and face historically low interest rates, making it difficult to generate sufficient monthly income from their savings. Even having $500,000 in savings would only generate around $350 per month. Most boomers will also be dependent on social security benefits, which for the average person provide around $1,177 per month. However, daily living expenses will take a large portion of that monthly income, leaving many boomers in a precarious financial situation in their retirement years. The document suggests starting a small home-based business to generate additional needed income.
This summary analyzes Ontario's first poverty reduction strategy, which aims to reduce child poverty through policies like the Ontario Child Benefit and investments in education. The strategy's goal is to cut child poverty by 25% in 5 years by helping families cover living costs and increasing educational opportunities for low-income youth. The document evaluates these policies' economic impacts using cost-benefit analysis and social welfare modeling. It finds the total annual cost of intergenerational poverty in Ontario is $4.6-5.9 billion, so reducing child poverty could significantly lower future costs while boosting economic productivity through greater human capital. The analysis aims to determine if Ontario's anti-poverty initiatives are efficient and effective tools for reducing hardship.
Power point slide presentation of the final projectobjectivediMARK547399
The document provides guidelines for creating a PowerPoint presentation for a final project. It states that PowerPoint presentations can be a powerful tool to accompany oral presentations but must be carefully prepared to not distract from the speaker. It provides tips for the presentation such as keeping it between 7-15 slides, using readable fonts, and checking it against the grading rubric.
Financial assistance is available for health insurance through two programs - the Advance Premium Tax Credit and Cost-Sharing Subsidy. The Advance Premium Tax Credit ensures individuals and families between 100-400% of the Federal Poverty Level do not pay more than a certain percentage of their income for a silver-level health plan. The Cost-Sharing Subsidy provides additional help with deductibles and copays for those between 100-250% FPL and allows the purchase of higher-level silver plans. To see if you qualify for assistance, you calculate your income as a percentage of the Federal Poverty Level and check the eligibility guidelines.
A Slow Economy, the Middle Class and New IdeasGene Balas, CFA
This document discusses the state of the US economy and middle class. It notes that median household income has fallen in recent decades while income inequality has risen. This has squeezed the middle class, reducing their spending power and constraining economic growth. Low productivity growth has also held down wages. To revive the economy, the document argues for policies that boost innovation, education, and worker training to increase productivity and wages over the long run.
The document provides financial information for Samuel and Maria Anderson, including their assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and financial goals. It calculates key financial ratios for the Andersons, such as their basic liquidity ratio, asset-to-debt ratio, debt service-to-income ratio, and debt payments-to-disposable income ratio. It then creates a monthly budget and restates their goals in the SMART format with specific savings amounts and timelines. The conclusion recommends refinancing their mortgage at a lower rate, downgrading their cars to reduce expenses, paying off high-interest credit card debt, and delaying charitable contributions until improving their financial position.
This document summarizes trends in income and wealth distribution in Australia. It finds that income and wealth are unevenly distributed, with a relatively small number of households having high incomes and wealth while many have low incomes and wealth. It also examines how factors like age, gender, ethnicity, family structure, education, and location can impact levels of income and wealth inequality.
Aviva's biannual UK Family Finances report (December 2014) reveals that:
> UK parents of 0-5s juggle earnings with childcare expenses
> 1 in 10 families using childcare for 0-5s say lower earner takes home nothing after childcare / work costs are paid
> Lower earner typically brings home just £243 after childcare / work costs are paid
> One in three families using childcare for 0-5s turn to grandparents
> Working parents are being hamstrung by childcare costs, with thousands effectively working for nothing, Aviva can reveal.
The company’s Winter 2014 Family Finances Report also reveals that one in 10 families paying childcare costs for youngsters aged 0-5, effectively see one earner bring home nothing from his or her job after childcare and work costs are taken into account.
Similarly one in four families in this position has one parent who brings home less than £100 a month after costs.
Find out more in the full report.
Infographics and quotagraphics to accompany this report are available on Flickr at https://www.flickr.com/photos/avivaplc/
#FamilyFinances
This document discusses various topics related to wealth, money, and financial literacy. It begins by outlining common misconceptions around wealth and the difficulties discussing it. It then discusses the financial lives of average Americans versus strategies used by wealthy individuals. Key points include understanding cash flow, the different types of income, and how the tax system can be used strategically through things like business structures. Debt is also discussed, noting it can be good when used for assets but not for liabilities or "doodads." The document ends by comparing potential returns on different investments over one year to illustrate the power of leverage.
Retirement Savings Challenges for WomenBobby Cherry
When it comes to saving for retirement and planning for retirement income, women face a number of unique challenges, which we’ll be discussing in more detail.
First of all, women generally live longer than men, which means they may need to plan for more years in retirement.
Because of their longer life expectancies, women should also consider that they may spend some of their retirement years living on their own.
Women often interrupt their careers to care for children and aging parents.
Because of these career interruptions, women may spend less time in the workforce and earn less money than men in the same age group, which could result in saving less for retirement and having a lower Social Security benefit.
It’s important to recognize these challenges and plan accordingly. Let’s look at each challenge a little more closely.
Income and Low Wage Work in the Atlanta RegionARCResearch
The Atlanta region has seen rapid growth in the years following the great recession. The metro area added 59,600 jobs from November 2013 to 2014, an employment growth rate of 2.4 percent. The region has reported employment gains each month for over four years following the recession and has experienced a higher rate of growth than the United States as a whole (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). However, many workers in the region are not earning sufficient wages to cover the basic costs of living and achieve economic security.
Affordable Property Investments helps people grow their wealth through property investment. It is owned by Rohan Birmingham, who has experience in property development and management. The company's goal is to create a network of experienced property investors and professionals to provide services like research, education, financing and management to help members invest successfully in properties for long-term capital growth and cash flow.
This can be thought of as absolute e.g. the number of people living on less than £1 or $1 a day (or less than what is needed for a minimum standard of living)
The document contains slides from a presentation on inequality. It discusses how wealth and income are highly concentrated at the top levels in most societies, with a small minority owning a large majority of total wealth and resources. It provides examples showing how distributions in nature and human systems often follow power laws, with a small number of cases representing the vast majority of overall amounts. The slides also present data on the unequal distribution of wealth globally and in countries like the US, with the top 1% owning around half of total wealth in many nations.
Australians are the happiest they’ve been in 2 years with 47% of Australians feeling positive.
This report tracks the mood of Australians and discovers how Aussies are feeling right now, what influences their mood and what’s currently worrying them.
The three KEY INSIGHTS from this report are:
- Availability and affordability of energy, unemployment, quality and availability of education and healthcare are the issues closest to Australians.
- Family matters the most to Australians, being the key reason they feel happy
- In the latest 12 months, worry about crime and violence has increased in Australians.
For more information contact the scaresearchdepartment@sca.com.au
Similar to Jack&Dianne on struggle street, australia (18)
The strategic plan outlines outcomes for Fuller Center services in Queensland from 2014-2017. It aims to transform communities through neighborhood revitalization programs delivered in consultation with five communities each year. Fuller Center will create affordable housing designs and partner with government, communities, and businesses on projects. It will also positively influence lives by partnering with families and volunteers, ensuring a safe experience for volunteers, and celebrating each community program. The organization strives to be innovative and sustainable by meeting quality standards, diversifying funding sources, and establishing an office to accommodate growth. The overall goal is to provide stable housing and revitalize neighborhoods through housing, repairs, education, and partnership programs.
The Fuller Center works with partner families and the local community to provide manpower, money, and materials for building projects. Volunteers can register to help with projects or as ambassadors to promote the Fuller Center. Donations are also accepted, including regular donations through the Pledge Partners program. Pledge levels range from $55 to $5,000 per year and provide various benefits and recognition.
The document discusses the Fuller Center for Housing, its mission and foundational principles. The mission is to promote collaborative partnerships to provide adequate shelter for all people in need worldwide. The foundational principles state that the Center is a Christian faith-based organization that works with churches and communities around the world through local partners to build homes for those in need using volunteer labor and no-interest loans. The Center believes its housing ministry is a God movement that helps stretch beyond rational limits to finish providing shelter.
Fuller Center for Housing, Queensland, Australia (FCHQA) is a non-profit organization that builds houses for low-income families with no interest mortgages. It relies on volunteers from churches, businesses, and the homeowners themselves to construct simple homes that are then financed over 15-30 years with mortgage payments funding additional housing. The volunteer base includes elected officials, business leaders, retirees, and others from different backgrounds.
This document provides a manual for a new nonprofit organization called Butterflies Flying. It includes templates and tools for governance such as a SWOT analysis, operations manual, organizing board, and dashboard metrics. The organizing board outlines the structure of the organization into 7 divisions and 21 departments. It also includes job descriptions and explains how the tools such as the operations manual and organizing board will provide structure and governance for the new nonprofit.
Do butterflies need flying lessons uploaderRod Hyatt
This document discusses tools that can help new non-profit organizations structure themselves, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and track their progress. It recommends using an Organizing Board to allocate resources, a SWOT analysis to examine internal and external factors, and a Dashboard to set measurable targets and monitor key performance indicators. These corporate tools are argued to be adaptable for non-profits and can help them effectively "learn to fly" by getting their structure right, attracting support, and ensuring they fulfill their mission. Appendices provide examples of how each tool can be applied.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...my Pandit
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Digital Marketing with a Focus on Sustainabilitysssourabhsharma
Digital Marketing best practices including influencer marketing, content creators, and omnichannel marketing for Sustainable Brands at the Sustainable Cosmetics Summit 2024 in New York
How to Implement a Real Estate CRM SoftwareSalesTown
To implement a CRM for real estate, set clear goals, choose a CRM with key real estate features, and customize it to your needs. Migrate your data, train your team, and use automation to save time. Monitor performance, ensure data security, and use the CRM to enhance marketing. Regularly check its effectiveness to improve your business.
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This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
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Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
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Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
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Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
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Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
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How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...Aleksey Savkin
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How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...
Jack&Dianne on struggle street, australia
1. Jack & Dianne on Struggle Street, Australia
What is an “average Australian”; what do they earn; how do they live; where do you draw the
line at OK and struggling? Skip to page 6 to see how Fuller Center for Housing draws the line
and addresses the problems Jack & Diane face on Struggle Street.
A couple of years ago, the government changed the rules so that families on $150,000 a year or
more wouldn’t be eligible to receive family payments. There were the predictable cries of ‘class
warfare’, but there were also claims that $150 000 in Australia leaves you struggling to make
ends meet. The Daily Telegraph found a couple on $150k who said “you can survive on
$150,000 but you definitely aren’t doing well,” while in The Australian, a couple on $200
000 said “the government are making it bloody hard.”
I don’t think most people have much of a sense of what the typical Australian’s income
is. Research backs this up – low income earners tend to overestimate their own position in the
income distribution, while high-income earners tend to underestimate theirs. In short, we all
think we’re middle class.
The chart below shows this quite starkly. It compares the actual income distribution, in which
10% of people are in each decile of income, with the results of a survey that asked people to
place themselves into income deciles.
The Australian income distribution: perception and reality
Source: Saunders and Wong (2011)
2. You can see that 83% of people think they’re in the middle four deciles of the income
distribution, when of course only 40% are in the middle.
Peter Martin recently wrote about this phenomenon after a reader took umbrage with his
(perfectly defensible) claim that a pre-tax income of $210 000 makes you ‘ultra-rich’.
It’s this widespread misperception that led me to write a fairly dry post a few years ago setting
the record straight about the typical Australian’s income. Since then, the battler threshold has
apparently been raised, such that “you can be on a quarter of a million dollars family income a
year and you’re still struggling,” according to Labor backbencher Joel Fitzgibbon.
Tomorrow’s Budget, if the past few are a guide, will contain some measures that attract the
‘class warfare’ tag and bring out the $250k battlers, so I thought this might be a good time to
update the numbers in that earlier post and set out the facts on Australian incomes.
What is the typical Australian worker’s wages?
Among full-time workers, the average wage is $72,800 per year. But remember – the average
(i.e. the mean) gives a misleading impression about what the typical worker earns. It is pushed
upwards by the large salaries of a small number of very high income earners.
The median gives a more accurate sense of the typical worker’s wages. If you earn the median
salary, your wage is in the middle of the distribution – it’s higher than 50% of workers and lower
than the other 50%. Among full-time workers, the median was $57,400 in August 2011, which is
the most recent figure.
Even this figure, though, is a little higher than the typical worker’s wage. That’s because it
doesn’t include the 3.5 million people who work part time. When you bring them into the fold,
the average wage drops to $56 300, and the median drops to $46 900.
What is the typical taxpayer’s income?
Not everyone has a job – a little less than 62% of adult civilians over the age of 15 had a job in
April – so the figures on average wages don’t apply to everyone. Instead of just looking at
workers’ wages, then, we can look at the statistics on taxpayers’ incomes to get a sense of the
typical income.
According to the tax data, the median taxpayer had a taxable income of $48 684 in 2010-11, the
latest figures the ATO has made available.
3. Here’s a summary of the ATO’s data for 2010-11:
If your 2010-11 taxable income was…
…then your income was larger than this
proportion of taxpayers
$48 864 50%
$72 948 75%
$79 934 80%
$89 331 85%
$105 461 90%
$140 479 95%
$202 918 98%
$281 858 99%
These figures only include people who paid income tax, so while they’re useful, they’re far from
ideal. To get a clearer sense of the typical Australian’s income, we need to include everyone, and
we need to look at households rather than individuals.
What is the typical household’s gross income?
All the figures above were for individuals, but most of us live with other people and pool our
resources with them to some extent. To get a more accurate sense of the typical Australian’s
income, we need to compare households. We’ll look first at the gross (ie. pre-tax) incomes of
households, without adjusting for the size of those households.
In 2009-10 (the latest ABS figures), the median pre-tax income of Australian households was
around $68 800.
If your household’s gross income in 2009-
10 was…
…then your income was larger than this
proportion of Australian households
$68 828 50%
$130 305 80.1%
$156 376 86.8%
$208 519 94.4%
$260 662 97.1%
4. So a household with a gross income of $250 000 in 2009-10 would just miss out on the top 3%,
but would almost certainly be in the top 4% of households ranked by gross income.
What is the typical household’s net income, adjusted for household size?
A single adult living alone and earning $100 000 per year will have a higher material standard of
living than a couple with the same income. So if we’re concerned about measuring material
standards of living, we can’t say that the single adult and the couple on $100 000 are equal.
Instead, we need to adjust the figures for household size. You might think that this is
straightforward – the couple has to share $100 000 between the two of them, so simply divide the
number in half and you’ll have your adjusted income figure.
But it’s not as easy as that. If you live with a partner, your household costs aren’t double those of
someone who lives alone. To account for that, researchers usually use something called an
‘equivalence scale’ to compare incomes between households of different sizes. Using the
standard equivalence scale, you’d divide a couple’s income by 1.5 to compare it to the single
adult. A couple household would therefore need to have an income of $150 000 to enjoy the
same standard of living as someone living alone on $100 000.
All the figures above also referred to wages or incomes before income tax. If we want to
compare material standards of living between households, a better measure is the disposable (ie.
net, or post-tax) income of households.
The latest ABS figures for equivalised household disposable incomes are from 2009-10,
but NATSEM has published estimates of these figures updated to December 2012. According to
NATSEM, the median equivalised disposable income for Australian households was $43 100 in
December last year. That means that if you were a single person living alone who took home
$43k in 2012 after income tax, then your material standard of living was higher than 50% of the
population, and lower than 50% of the population.
To convert that $43 100 figure for different household types, just use the equivalence scale. For
example, a childless couple would need 1.5 times that amount to attain the median standard of
living – that’s $64 650. Each child in the house adds 0.3 to the calculation, so a couple with one
kid would need 1.8 times the single person’s income to have the same standard of living – that’s
$77 580 at the median.
5. This is the key table for comparing net household incomes:
If your household contains…
…then your
income is
higher than
this
proportion
of
Australians:
A
single
adult
Two
adults,
no
children
One
adult,
one
child
Two
adults,
one
child
Two
adults,
two
children
…and your disposable (after-tax) income is…
$26,100 $39,150 $33,930 $46,980 $54,810 20%
$34,000 $51,000 $44,200 $61,200 $71,400 33%
Median
$43,100 $64,650 $56,030 $77,580 $90,510 50%
$53,300 $79,950 $69,290 $95,940 $111,930 66%
$63,900 $95,850 $83,070 $115,020 $134,190 80%
$94,600 $141,900 $122,980 $170,280 $198,660 95%
The typical Australian income, after tax, is $43,100 for a single person, or $90,510 for a couple
with two kids. If you’re on a quarter of a million, you might find it hard to get by if you’ve over-
extended yourself, but your income is higher than the vast, vast majority of Australians.
Note: When I refer to income as your ‘material standard of living’, I’m ignoring the value people
derive from consuming their assets, such as living in owner-occupied housing. That’s an
important issue, but beyond the scope of this post.
Matt Cowgill. What is the typical Australian’s income in 2013? We are all dead.
A discussion of Australian political and economic issues and ideas, by Matt Cowgill.
Blog post May 13, 2013
http://mattcowgill.wordpress.com/2013/05/13/what-is-the-typical-australians-income-in-2013/
6. The Fuller Center Ownership Model
At Fuller Center for Housing, Queensland, Australia, we qualify people at below 70% of median
income. If Jack & Dianne and their 2 kids have a yearly household disposable income below
$63,357 they can apply. Other criteria apply; they must be willing to partner with us and put in
500 hours of sweat equity; their current living conditions are substandard, i.e. crowded,
dilapidated, or rental above 50% of their income. At the above rate, based on repayments capped
at 25% of income, their repays would be $304.60 a week. An affordable house is classed as
1000 x weekly repayments, i.e. 20 years mortgage. On the Fuller Center equity share model of
70/30 split, Jack and Dianne (and FCHQA) could afford a $435,143 house. FCHQA equity share
of $130, 542 decreases by 1% p.a. So at the end of Jack& Dianne’s 20 year mortgage period
FCHQA still has a 10% equity in the property. J&D can at that point pay a balloon payment to
cover the 10% or they can wait 10 years till it decreases to 0%. They can increase their mortgage
payments at any time during the mortgage period to buy down the FCHQA equity. For example,
they could pay $435 a week - 28% of their income (an extra $132 a week) and that buys out
FCHQAs equity share totally. We would not encourage them to do this until their income
increased to $90,480 so the repays would still be at 25% of income. If they refinance or sell the
home any time during the mortgage period FCHQA recoups whatever the equity share is at that
time. For example, after 5 years Jack & Dianne decide to move on for whatever reasons (Job
opportunities, better schools for kids, divorce) and the house is sold for $500,000 (based on less
than 3% appreciation rate). FCHQA would get 25% of the equity ($125,000) as per the second
mortgage and the balance of payments of $226,560 = total $351,560; Jack & Dianne get
$148,440 minus their payments over 5 years of $79,196 = $69,244 as opposed to a situation
where they would have been only renting that house for $435 a week for 5 years for zero return
on an outlay of $113,100.
At the low end of the scale Dianne is a single mum with one kid; disposable household income is
$33,930. Repays of 25% of income = $163 week. Extending the mortgage period to 30 years
would mean Dianne and FCHQA together could afford a $363,257 house.
Market Value versus Cost is where Fuller Center need to be nimble.
A house with a market value of $435,000 on developer’s rates would need to cost less than
$313,200 to build and finance, allowing for the developers 20% margin and 8% marketing fee.
Take out financing costs of around 5% and we are down to $297,540. For a standard 120m2
Fuller Center home, materials costs are around $480m2 ($57,600), labour costs are around $360
m2 ($43,200), Taxes, Fees and Permits are around $240m2 ($28,800) leaving $153,000 for land.
Fuller Center for Housing works with Faith Groups, Churches, Community Organisations as well
as builders and trade suppliers to get donations and sponsorships to reduce our costs as much as
possible, to be able to continue the cycle of building as partners pay off their homes. Most of the
materials costs can be donated either in cash or in kind through sponsorships. The labour cost is
defrayed to a huge extent by volunteers, but we still have to employ a nominee builder/project
manager to oversee the work and sign off to government requirements. As can be seen, land is
the biggest cost. We are working with other not for profit housing organisations to participate in
the Queensland State Governments GLASS Project whereby we can obtain land virtually for
free.
7. Australians are the richest people in the world!
The latest Credit Suisse world wealth report released last week showed that, like last year,
Australians are the richest people in the world. With a median wealth of US$219,500 per adult, we
sit comfortably ahead of Luxembourg on $182,768. The US, with a median adult wealth of only
$44,911, doesn't even make the top 25.
When counting by average wealth per adult, we drop to second behind Switzerland. Significantly,
however, Australia is more equitable than most wealthy nations. Of the top 50 biggest economies,
only Belgium, Italy and Finland have less of a difference between median and average wealth.
The greater the difference, the more wealth is in the hands of the richest.
Australia's average wealth is just 1.8 times our median wealth; by contrast the UK's is 2.2 times
greater, while the US is second worst out of the top 50, at 6.7 times. Russia is the most inequitable,
with its average wealth 12.6 times that of the median wealth.
So shall we break out the champers and order some extra-large lobsters for Christmas lunch this
year?
Well maybe ... but maybe not.
The Credit Suisse report is always a nice one for Australia. We certainly punch above our weight
when it comes to wealth. But a closer inspection reveals that part of our high national wealth is due
to the very measure used – US dollars.
The large appreciation in the value of Australia's currency in the past three years has meant that
converting Australian dollars into US currency sees Australia rather wealthier than we once were in
US dollars.
The average wealth of Australian adults is just over US$402,000, but if we measure it using a
constant exchange rate that negates the improvement in our currency in the past three years, the
average is only $328,900.
That we are this wealthy should not come as too much of a surprise. We have long been near the
top of charts when comparing GDP per capita using US dollars. Currently of the IMF's top 34
advanced nations only Luxembourg, Norway and Switzerland sit above Australia using that
measure.
But again if we look at the growth in Australia's GDP per capita, the big boost since 2009 occurs only
if you measure in US dollars. Using nominal Australian dollars our growth since 2007 has increased
by 24%, compared to 42% using American currency. If we account for inflation and look at the
growth in real terms – the measure often used to define increase in standard of living – Australia has
only increased by 5% since 2007.
So does this mean all this wealth is a fib?
Well, not really.
While a 5% increase in the standard of living since 2007 sounds pretty poor, in the context of the
world economy during that time Australia is well above average.
Of the 34 advanced economies, Australia has the 8th best growth. And when compared to the 6%
decline in the UK's living standard since 2007, 5% looks fairly impressive.
8. Moreover, even when accounting for a constant exchange rate, Australia has the third highest
average wealth in the world, behind Switzerland and Norway. So it is not all about the exchange
rate; the reality is, Australians are, in a global context, stinking rich.
How rich? Well, we are a mere 0.36% of the world's adult population but we account for 3.78% of the
world's top 1% wealthiest. The only nation with a more lopsided share of the top 1% is Switzerland,
whose 0.13% of the world's population still sees them with 1.63% of the richest 1%.
How did we earn such wealth? Mostly it has come about through home ownership. Credit Suisse
notes that our wealth is "heavily skewed towards real assets", which amount on average to
US$294,100 or about 59% of total assets. This average level of real assets is second only to
Norway.
It suggests a situation open to risks of inequality, as those on poorer incomes are shut out of the
wealth-generating housing market, and a danger that our wealth could collapse if house prices fall.
When the American housing market collapsed in 2007-08, its average wealth fell such that it took
five years to get back to 2007 levels. And with only about 32% of American wealth in non-financial
assets, it is much less exposed to the housing market than Australia.
At this point the question turns to how well this wealth is spread around Australia. As we noted in
August inequality in the first part of this century increased significantly, but the GFC actually reduced
inequality. ANU professor Peter Whiteford notes this came about through the increase in the pension
in 2009 and also because the incomes of higher earners did not increase by as much.
But one group left out were those on Newstart. Since the mid-1990s Newstart has gone from just
below 50% of the median household income to now around 30% – well below poverty level.
The Credit Suisse report should give Australians some sense of pride at how their country
weathered the great recession. But while most of our issues are decidedly "first world problems", let
us not think that everyone is enjoying this great increase in wealth, and neither should we think it is
built on foundations that will never crack.
9. BobDay:CurrentAustralianhousepricesmorethanninetimesmedian
householdincome
Modern residential homes Source: Getty Images
FOR more than 100 years the average Australian family was able to buy its first
home on one wage. The median house price was around three times the median
income, allowing young homebuyers easy entry into the housing market.
As can be seen from the accompanying graph, the median house price is now - in real
terms that is - relative to income, more than nine times what it was between 1900 and
2000.
At nine times median household income a family will fork out approximately $600,000
more on mortgage payments than they would have had house prices remained at three
times the median income.
10. That's $600,000 they are not able to spend on other things - clothes, cars, furniture,
appliances, travel, movies, restaurants, the theatre, children's education, charities and
many other discretionary purchase options.
The economic consequences of this change have been devastating. The capital
structure of our economy has been distorted to the tune of hundreds of billions of
dollars, and for those on middle and low incomes the prospect of ever becoming
homeowners has now all but vanished.
Housing starts have plummeted and so have all the jobs associated with it - civil
construction, house construction, transport, appliances, soft furnishings, you name it.
Not to mention billions of dollars in lost GST revenue to the various states.
11. And while the slump in business conditions over the past years have been blamed on
everything from the GFC to the high Australian dollar, the real culprit has been the
massive redirection of capital into high mortgages.
Looking to the Reserve Bank to fix the problem through monetary policy (ie, lowering
interest rates), isn't going to work.
The distortion in the housing market, this misallocation of resources resulting from the
supply-demand imbalance, is enormous by any measure and affects every other area of
the economy. New homeowners pay a much higher percentage of their income on
house payments than they should. Similarly, renters are paying increased rental costs
reflective of the higher capital and financing costs in turn paid by landlords.
The economic consequences of all that has happened over these past few years have
been as profound as they have been damaging. The housing industry has been
decimated, as have industries supplying that sector.
The capital structure of our economy has been distorted and getting it back into
alignment is going to take some time. But it is a realignment that is necessary. A terrible
mistake was made and it needs to be corrected.
Bob Day AO is managing director of Homestead Homes and is Federal chairman
of Family First.
12. Here’s what I think you need to take into consideration when calculating a comfortable family
income for you and your family. You might be able to think of many more.
Cost of mortgage or rent.
Cost of running a car or cars.
Cost of food for your family.
Cost of utilities; electricity, gas, water and rates.
Cost of additional shopping items; clothes, gadgets, health and beauty, jewellery, computers and
toys.
Cost of insurances, for the home and for private medical insurance.
Cost of telephones, both home and mobile.
Cost of entertainment items, like holidays, alcohol, digital TV, going out.
Cost of unexpected maintenance bills, for your home, for your car and other things that break.
13. Construction Cost Table
Construction Type
House Level of Finish Low Medium High
3br brick veneer project home, level block, single level, shelf design
$1,065 $1,270 $1,630
3br full brick project home, level block, single level, shelf design
$1,090 $1,305 $1,670
4br brick veneer home, level block, single level, unique design
$1,570 $1,750 $1,950
4br full brick home, level block, single level, unique design
$1,640 $1,810 $2,010
3br brick veneer project home, level block, two level, shelf design
$1,110 $1,310 $1,710
3br full brick project home, level block, two level, shelf design
$1,130 $1,400 $1,790
4br brick veneer home, level block, two level, unique design
$1,700 $1,900 $2,050
4br full brick home, level block, two level, unique design
$1,780 $1,970 $2,250
Architecturally designed executive residence
$2,160 $3,250 $5,050
Townhouse
2br, single level brick veneer townhouse, including allowance for common property
$1,250 $1,490 $1,740
2br, 2 level brick veneer townhouse, including allowance for common property
$1,350 $1,580 $1,900
3br, single level brick veneer townhouse, including allowance for common property
$1,235 $1,475 $1,725
3br, 2 level brick veneer townhouse, including allowance for common property
$1,340 $1,610 $2,270
Units
3 level walk-up unit complex, concrete structure, ground floor parking
$1,650 $1,820 $2,320
3 level walk-up unit complex, concrete structure, basement parking
$1,615 $1,785 $2,285
4-8 level walk-up unit complex, concrete structure, ground floor parking
$1,720 $1,950 $2,650
4-8 level walk-up unit complex, concrete structure, basement parking
$1,650 $1,920 $2,615
8 or more level unit complex, including lift and basement car parking
$1,710 $2,280 $3,030
Commercial
1-4 level open plan offices, including A/C & lifts, excluding fit out
$1,480 $1,760 $2,290
4-8 level open plan offices, including A/C & lifts, excluding fit out
$1,620 $1,850 $2,400
8 levels and over, including A/C & lifts, excluding fit out
$1,880 $2,064 $2,770
14. Industrial
High Bay Warehouse, standard config, concrete floor, metal clad
$810 $885 $980
High Bay Warehouse, standard config, concrete floor, pre-cast concrete wall clad
$1,050 $1,110 $1,250
Retail
Suburban shopping mall area including A/C
$1,590 $1,810 $2,100
Supermarket, including A/C, excluding fit out
$1,380 $1,500 $1,670
Hotels/Motels
Single level boutique motel, including A/C, guest facilities
$2,650 $3,200 $4,500
Single level tavern/hotel, including A/C, excluding loose item fit out
$1,980 $2,350 $2,650
Regional Variations
Cairns
115 % 130 %
Brisbane
105 % 115 %
Sydney
100 % 100 %
Canberra
96 % 104 %
Melbourne
98 % 108 %
Hobart
87 % 97 %
Adelaide
98 % 110 %
Perth
100 % 120 %
Darwin
110 % 120 %
If your development is not located in Sydney, you can still use these rates as a guide by applying a regional
variation percentage. Simply multiply the construction cost by the regional variations opposite. This will give
you an approximate cost for the construction type per square metre in your area.
The Calculation of Construction Costs
The above costs are calculated based on a Gross Floor Area (GFA) rate. Typically GFA can be
defined as the sum of the fully enclosed covered floor area and the unenclosed covered floor area of
a building at all floor levels, measured in a square metre rate. GFA consists of two elements:
FECA: Fully Enclosed Covered Area
UCA: Unenclosed Covered Area
15. FECA: Includes items such as:
Basements
Attics
Garages
Penthouses
Lift shafts
Staircases
Columns and piers
UCA: Includes items such as:
Roofed balconies
Open verandahs
Porches and porticos
Attached covered walkways
Usable space under buildings
Costs provided are an average price for typical buildings as at the date of publication, allowing for
preliminaries, builders profit and overheads. Costs can provide no more than a rough guide to the
probable cost of building, as costs can vary significantly based on site conditions, level of fit out and
design.
Disclaimer:
The construction cost information above is provided as a general guide to allow you to estimate the potential construction costs for a building
type. However, the Cost Information is based on assumptions concerning construction type, quality and condition of inclusions which may
differ from your personal circumstances. You acknowledge and agree you must undertake your own analysis and obtain independent
construction, legal, financial and taxation advice before using, relying or acting on the Cost Information.