1. The document discusses incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategies into diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts for leadership roles in higher education.
2. ESG refers to environmental, social, and governance factors that investors increasingly examine when evaluating organizational performance. Diversity, equity, and inclusion fall under the social aspect of ESG.
3. Adopting policies that embrace ESG and DEI principles can help higher education institutions create a more inclusive learning environment and better reflect the diversity of their communities. Tracking inclusion metrics can also help organizations evaluate progress on DEI goals.
For this week’s discussion, you are asked to research a bioterroriShainaBoling829
For this week’s discussion, you are asked to research a bioterrorist incident. Begin by reviewing the Media Focus video on bioterrorism in Week 3 of the Content and Activties, then explore the Internet.
Give an example and details from national/international news of a bioterrorist attack.
Address all of the following in your post:
· What was the classification of biological agent used in the attack?
· Discuss the implications of the biological agent.
· Discuss the therapy for the biological agent.
· What are the decontamination procedures for the biological agent used in the attack?
· Define the appropriate level of PPE required for this type of biological agent?
In your post, provide the name of the incident you have chosen, and support your answers with evidence/examples. Please provide a working link and a citation for your source(s).
In your replies to peers, compare the different biological agents, their implications and therapies. Discuss the different types of decontamination procedures and levels of PPE that would be required.
Support your answer with evidence from scholarly sources.
Discussion Board: Managing Dynamic Organizational Processes
Chapter 10: Do you think it is possible for an outsider to accurately discern about the underlying cultural values of an organization by analyzing symbols, ceremonies, dress, or other observable aspects of culture in comparison to an insider with several years of work experience? Select a percentage (e.g., 10%, 70%, etc.) and explain your reasoning.
Daft (2021) notes that culture is, “the set of values, norms, guiding beliefs, and understandings that is shared by members of an organization and taught to new members as the correct way to think, feel, and behave” (p. 445). Culture allows employees to integrate into a common environment and aids in adjusting to the external environment (Daft, 2021). An outside observer would be able to analyze symbols, ceremonies, dress, and other aspects of an organization and could accurately discern about 30% of an organization's cultural values. Symbols, ceremonies, dress, and other visually identifiable aspects of culture do not make up a large amount of organizational culture. The internal integration of coworkers guides employees' working relationships, interactions, communication, behaviors, and power structure (Daft, 2021). These are not easily identifiable from an outsider.
An insider with several years of experience could more accurately gauge an organization’s cultural beliefs. About 90% of an organization’s culture could be projected by an employee after working at the same company for several years. This employee would be able to see day-to-day relationships, how goals are met with outsiders, professional development, and even what nonconforming behaviors are accepted (Daft, 2021). This knowledge is developed with hands-on experience that an outsider may not see from the outside over a short period. Sahoo (2022) notes that or ...
This document analyzes how companies in developing countries manage their corporate social responsibility efforts. It discusses CSR frameworks and challenges in developing country contexts. The key findings are:
1) Managing CSR in developing countries presents both opportunities and challenges due to factors like poverty, corruption and weak governance.
2) CSR efforts in developing countries emphasize social issues and philanthropy more than environmental or stakeholder concerns.
3) A corporate social responsibility audit can help companies measure their social performance and identify areas for improvement, but developing appropriate audit methods is challenging due to a lack of formal study.
Knowledge Application and Organizational Sustainability of Oil and Gas Compan...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study examined the relationship between knowledge application and organizational
sustainability of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey in its
investigation of the variables. Primary data was generated through structured administered questionnaire. The
population for this study was is made up of the twenty-four registered indigenous oil servicing companies in
Port Harcourt. Since the population is small, this study therefore adopts the entire population of 24 oil and gas
companies in Rivers State as a census. Five (5) managers were selected from each of 24 oil and gas companies
in Rivers State giving a total of 120 respondents. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the
Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the
Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Statistics while the partial correlation was used to test the moderating effect
of organizational culture. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level.The hypotheses were tested
using the Spearman rank order correlation Coefficient. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval
and a 0.05 level of significance. The study findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between
enterprise knowledge audit and organizational sustainability of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. The study
concludes that when the investment in enterprise knowledge audit by oil and gas companies in Rivers State
positively enhances organizational sustainability. The study recommends that management of oil and gas
companies should ensure that knowledge delivery and analysis should be in sustainable environment within the
organization.
KEYWORD: Knowledge Application, Organizational Sustainability,
Racial Heterogeneity and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Evidence ...ijtsrd
This study ascertained the effect of the size of the firm and age in moderating the relationship between racial heterogeneity and corporate social responsibility disclosure of listed industrial goods manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Ex post facto research design was employed. Secondary data were sourced and computed for the 38 sampled quoted manufacturing companies for the period 2010 2019. Pearsons correlation coefficient and ordinary least square statistics were used to test the hypothesis by means of Microsoft software STATA 13.0 version. The result revealed that there is no significant effect of racial heterogeneity on corporate social responsibility of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Based on this, there is the need to encourage more nationals in the boardroom as racial heterogeneity does not matter for corporate social responsibility, as a way, there should be more of local than foreign boardroom members in the board. Okerekeoti, Chinedu C | Okoye, Emma I "Racial Heterogeneity and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Evidence from Industrial Goods Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/strategic-management/43703/racial-heterogeneity-and-corporate-social-responsibility-disclosure-evidence-from-industrial-goods-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-c
Employees’ expectations from csr the case of master studentsbarizah94
Employees' Expectations from CSR analyzes expectations of master's students regarding CSR activities of their employers. It finds that while students value training programs, they also care about societal issues. The study uses group discussions and a questionnaire with 150 graduate employees aged 21-28 working in Bucharest. It concludes this category wants good wages but also to feel proud of their employer's CSR efforts and societal involvement. However, for Romania where CSR is emerging, young employees may be the only group requesting employers address stakeholders beyond shareholders.
Assessment of Neural Network and Goal Programming on Cross Cultural ManagementYogeshIJTSRD
For achieving success in a global arena cross cultural training should be provided to employees to settle down between the global business environment and culture as one of the factors contributing to economic success, revenue generation, surplus booking, goodwill enhancement, market fame and many more. More the revenue, more the profit booking leads to rise company’s goodwill and builds customers faith as well as provides employee satisfaction which motivates employees to be more productive, more efficient, more energetic, more enthusiastic, and never let employees to get stressed from their work.AI ANN and goal programming is being used a method to find something fruitful to mitigate cross cultural issues in an organization. Shefali G | Dr. Rajesh Singh "Assessment of Neural Network and Goal Programming on Cross Cultural Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41217.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/computer-network/41217/assessment-of-neural-network-and-goal-programming-on-cross-cultural-management/shefali-g
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
For this week’s discussion, you are asked to research a bioterroriShainaBoling829
For this week’s discussion, you are asked to research a bioterrorist incident. Begin by reviewing the Media Focus video on bioterrorism in Week 3 of the Content and Activties, then explore the Internet.
Give an example and details from national/international news of a bioterrorist attack.
Address all of the following in your post:
· What was the classification of biological agent used in the attack?
· Discuss the implications of the biological agent.
· Discuss the therapy for the biological agent.
· What are the decontamination procedures for the biological agent used in the attack?
· Define the appropriate level of PPE required for this type of biological agent?
In your post, provide the name of the incident you have chosen, and support your answers with evidence/examples. Please provide a working link and a citation for your source(s).
In your replies to peers, compare the different biological agents, their implications and therapies. Discuss the different types of decontamination procedures and levels of PPE that would be required.
Support your answer with evidence from scholarly sources.
Discussion Board: Managing Dynamic Organizational Processes
Chapter 10: Do you think it is possible for an outsider to accurately discern about the underlying cultural values of an organization by analyzing symbols, ceremonies, dress, or other observable aspects of culture in comparison to an insider with several years of work experience? Select a percentage (e.g., 10%, 70%, etc.) and explain your reasoning.
Daft (2021) notes that culture is, “the set of values, norms, guiding beliefs, and understandings that is shared by members of an organization and taught to new members as the correct way to think, feel, and behave” (p. 445). Culture allows employees to integrate into a common environment and aids in adjusting to the external environment (Daft, 2021). An outside observer would be able to analyze symbols, ceremonies, dress, and other aspects of an organization and could accurately discern about 30% of an organization's cultural values. Symbols, ceremonies, dress, and other visually identifiable aspects of culture do not make up a large amount of organizational culture. The internal integration of coworkers guides employees' working relationships, interactions, communication, behaviors, and power structure (Daft, 2021). These are not easily identifiable from an outsider.
An insider with several years of experience could more accurately gauge an organization’s cultural beliefs. About 90% of an organization’s culture could be projected by an employee after working at the same company for several years. This employee would be able to see day-to-day relationships, how goals are met with outsiders, professional development, and even what nonconforming behaviors are accepted (Daft, 2021). This knowledge is developed with hands-on experience that an outsider may not see from the outside over a short period. Sahoo (2022) notes that or ...
This document analyzes how companies in developing countries manage their corporate social responsibility efforts. It discusses CSR frameworks and challenges in developing country contexts. The key findings are:
1) Managing CSR in developing countries presents both opportunities and challenges due to factors like poverty, corruption and weak governance.
2) CSR efforts in developing countries emphasize social issues and philanthropy more than environmental or stakeholder concerns.
3) A corporate social responsibility audit can help companies measure their social performance and identify areas for improvement, but developing appropriate audit methods is challenging due to a lack of formal study.
Knowledge Application and Organizational Sustainability of Oil and Gas Compan...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study examined the relationship between knowledge application and organizational
sustainability of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey in its
investigation of the variables. Primary data was generated through structured administered questionnaire. The
population for this study was is made up of the twenty-four registered indigenous oil servicing companies in
Port Harcourt. Since the population is small, this study therefore adopts the entire population of 24 oil and gas
companies in Rivers State as a census. Five (5) managers were selected from each of 24 oil and gas companies
in Rivers State giving a total of 120 respondents. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the
Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the
Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Statistics while the partial correlation was used to test the moderating effect
of organizational culture. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level.The hypotheses were tested
using the Spearman rank order correlation Coefficient. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval
and a 0.05 level of significance. The study findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between
enterprise knowledge audit and organizational sustainability of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. The study
concludes that when the investment in enterprise knowledge audit by oil and gas companies in Rivers State
positively enhances organizational sustainability. The study recommends that management of oil and gas
companies should ensure that knowledge delivery and analysis should be in sustainable environment within the
organization.
KEYWORD: Knowledge Application, Organizational Sustainability,
Racial Heterogeneity and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Evidence ...ijtsrd
This study ascertained the effect of the size of the firm and age in moderating the relationship between racial heterogeneity and corporate social responsibility disclosure of listed industrial goods manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Ex post facto research design was employed. Secondary data were sourced and computed for the 38 sampled quoted manufacturing companies for the period 2010 2019. Pearsons correlation coefficient and ordinary least square statistics were used to test the hypothesis by means of Microsoft software STATA 13.0 version. The result revealed that there is no significant effect of racial heterogeneity on corporate social responsibility of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Based on this, there is the need to encourage more nationals in the boardroom as racial heterogeneity does not matter for corporate social responsibility, as a way, there should be more of local than foreign boardroom members in the board. Okerekeoti, Chinedu C | Okoye, Emma I "Racial Heterogeneity and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Evidence from Industrial Goods Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/strategic-management/43703/racial-heterogeneity-and-corporate-social-responsibility-disclosure-evidence-from-industrial-goods-manufacturing-firms-in-nigeria/okerekeoti-chinedu-c
Employees’ expectations from csr the case of master studentsbarizah94
Employees' Expectations from CSR analyzes expectations of master's students regarding CSR activities of their employers. It finds that while students value training programs, they also care about societal issues. The study uses group discussions and a questionnaire with 150 graduate employees aged 21-28 working in Bucharest. It concludes this category wants good wages but also to feel proud of their employer's CSR efforts and societal involvement. However, for Romania where CSR is emerging, young employees may be the only group requesting employers address stakeholders beyond shareholders.
Assessment of Neural Network and Goal Programming on Cross Cultural ManagementYogeshIJTSRD
For achieving success in a global arena cross cultural training should be provided to employees to settle down between the global business environment and culture as one of the factors contributing to economic success, revenue generation, surplus booking, goodwill enhancement, market fame and many more. More the revenue, more the profit booking leads to rise company’s goodwill and builds customers faith as well as provides employee satisfaction which motivates employees to be more productive, more efficient, more energetic, more enthusiastic, and never let employees to get stressed from their work.AI ANN and goal programming is being used a method to find something fruitful to mitigate cross cultural issues in an organization. Shefali G | Dr. Rajesh Singh "Assessment of Neural Network and Goal Programming on Cross Cultural Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41217.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/computer-network/41217/assessment-of-neural-network-and-goal-programming-on-cross-cultural-management/shefali-g
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document discusses equality and inclusion of LGBT employees in the modern American workplace. It argues that businesses are increasingly recognizing LGBT individuals as important stakeholders. Treating all employees, including LGBT employees, with dignity and respect promotes diversity, inclusion, and employee engagement, which benefits businesses. The document reviews concepts like corporate social responsibility and cites research showing that inclusive policies do not negatively impact businesses and may provide financial benefits. It also discusses the history of LGBT rights and legal protections in the workplace.
Scarcity, resource conservation, and sustainable entrepreneurship: Olivia Aronson
This document proposes a multi-level perspective on sustainable entrepreneurship. It suggests that sustainable entrepreneurship is influenced by individual manager worldviews, strategic group affiliation, and community culture constraints. Three propositions are outlined: 1) Manager worldviews influence sustainable entrepreneurship. 2) Strategic group affiliation influences sustainable entrepreneurship. 3) Variability in community culture influences the level of sustainable entrepreneurship. Limitations and implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
2An Evaluation of UPSAn Evaluation of UPSs Approa.docxjesusamckone
2
An Evaluation of UPS
An Evaluation of UPS's Approach toward Sustainability
An Evaluation of UPS's Approach toward Sustainability
The ethical dilemma witnessed in UPS provides an essential point of focus in determining the application of strategies in tackling different stakeholder's interests to achieve the objectives of the company. The dealing with the needs of the company must put the interests of stakeholders at stake to ensure that each group is satisfied with the operations of the organization. In the analysis of UPS, it is possible to explain the emerging issues by focusing on various forms of ethics to handle. Examples of ethical factors relevant in this discussion include the utilitarian, virtue, Kantian, and rights approaches (Herschel & Miori, 2017; Kalokairinou, 2018). Solving the ethical dilemma at UPS is possible by an emphasis on identification of the problem, balance sheet approach, engaging people, and the application of ethical reasoning to accomplish the misunderstanding.
Internal and external stakeholders have divergent views regarding the support of sustainable activities to society and the environment. Internal stakeholders include shareholders, the management, the chief financial officer, and other employees while the external stakeholders include the government, environmental agencies, suppliers, and competitors, among others. The major challenge regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) lies in the use of resources that may not have the required returns from the perspective of the shareholders (Kolk, 2016). The internal environment of the business is likely going to focus on the financial aspects of the firm and the benefits of the shareholders to an extent of suspending sustainability activities as evident in the case study where other workers do not understand the CFO's commitment to CSR. The existence of different ideas regarding the problem in the company makes it necessary to apply approaches that help solve ethical dilemmas.
The four aspects applicable in UPS include debating the moral choice, using the balance sheet approach, engaging individuals at different levels in the organization, and integrating the final resolution into the strategic activities of the management (Herschel & Miori, 2017). It is essential to note that the application of these steps must use provisions of various ethical theories and approaches such as utilitarian, virtue, or Kantianism, depending on the factor that is affecting the organization. According to Kalokairinou (2018), CSR mostly applies the ideals of virtue and utilitarianism because the business enterprise such as UPS must engage in activities that are beneficial to a large number of people to make such an engagement a right. The public, therefore, is an example of the beneficiaries of environmental initiatives that ensure conservation and sustainability.
In the case study, the CFO should debate the moral choices of providing benefits t.
Corporate social innovation How firms learn to innovate for the greater good...Pam Chan
This document discusses how companies learn to engage in successful social innovation through acquiring tacit knowledge from external partners. It explores knowledge transfer between companies and external parties in corporate social innovation (CSI) projects. The study is based on observations of over 70 companies over five years. It finds that much of the knowledge exchanged in CSI is tacit knowledge developed through shared interactions and experiences. Companies partner with external organizations in different configurations that vary in their distance from the company's core business operations and level of investment/interaction. Through case studies, it illustrates how companies acquire different types of tacit knowledge from partners to enhance their value chains or address social issues.
1
4
Reflection and Discussion Week 2
Sri Chaitanya Patluri
University of the Cumberlands
Organizational Behavior
Dr. Johnny Chavez
Aug 31, 2021
Reflections
Emotions and moods in an organization can cause problems for decision-making, the relationship between business ethics and social responsibility, and organizational ethics (Peltokorpi, 2020). The moral philosophy or orientation of an organization is its way of relating to individuals and the world. In the business world, business is measured by its ability to meet customer needs and profit objectives. An organization's moral philosophy tells how it views its responsibilities and views the moral principles that guide it. For example, an organization might have a moral philosophy of honesty and fairness. Personality and values in an organization may be very different from what they are within the company. If there is resentment against the hierarchical structure, this resentment may extend well beyond the people within the organization. Perhaps the person is trying to achieve a different kind of success within the organization, and the organization has become too hierarchical. Perhaps this person would like to find a different organization if possible. The final type of organizational conflict that is likely to occur is when the two organizational forces compete for resources in a marketplace (Radic et al., 2020).
Discussion
a.
Emotional regulation is also associated with poor health. Advertisers have a duty to their clients to promote ethical behavior. Ethical decisions are made as individuals, with ethical philosophies formed by specific values and as a collective. Advertisements can provide feedback to values, worldviews, and even the nature of reality itself. Therefore, the ad maker must provide various examples that will challenge the worldview and assumptions of advertising to create awareness (Radic et al., 2020). Mood changes throughout the day can be observed using a bright light source or microphone or using a timer operated by remote control. There are many ways to monitor physiological changes within a lab environment, such as thermometers, carbon dioxide monitoring devices, and water changes(Peltokorpi, 2020).
Experimental Design a well-designed design enables experimentation to proceed in an orderly and controlled manner. While design details are undoubtedly important, they are not necessary for every situation. Additionally, this type of self-regulation is challenging for businesses because they face both legal and regulatory requirements. The perceived need to manage their brand's image and image can negatively impact a business's bottom line. Moody's Investors Service states in a recent study on the development of risk management for institutional investors and the role of corporate social responsibility that a significant number of respondents experienced significant difficulties in their corporate objectives in terms of meeting investor expectations (Radic et al. ...
14Reflection and Discussion Week 2Sri ChaitanyEttaBenton28
1
4
Reflection and Discussion Week 2
Sri Chaitanya Patluri
University of the Cumberlands
Organizational Behavior
Dr. Johnny Chavez
Aug 31, 2021
Reflections
Emotions and moods in an organization can cause problems for decision-making, the relationship between business ethics and social responsibility, and organizational ethics (Peltokorpi, 2020). The moral philosophy or orientation of an organization is its way of relating to individuals and the world. In the business world, business is measured by its ability to meet customer needs and profit objectives. An organization's moral philosophy tells how it views its responsibilities and views the moral principles that guide it. For example, an organization might have a moral philosophy of honesty and fairness. Personality and values in an organization may be very different from what they are within the company. If there is resentment against the hierarchical structure, this resentment may extend well beyond the people within the organization. Perhaps the person is trying to achieve a different kind of success within the organization, and the organization has become too hierarchical. Perhaps this person would like to find a different organization if possible. The final type of organizational conflict that is likely to occur is when the two organizational forces compete for resources in a marketplace (Radic et al., 2020).
Discussion
a.
Emotional regulation is also associated with poor health. Advertisers have a duty to their clients to promote ethical behavior. Ethical decisions are made as individuals, with ethical philosophies formed by specific values and as a collective. Advertisements can provide feedback to values, worldviews, and even the nature of reality itself. Therefore, the ad maker must provide various examples that will challenge the worldview and assumptions of advertising to create awareness (Radic et al., 2020). Mood changes throughout the day can be observed using a bright light source or microphone or using a timer operated by remote control. There are many ways to monitor physiological changes within a lab environment, such as thermometers, carbon dioxide monitoring devices, and water changes(Peltokorpi, 2020).
Experimental Design a well-designed design enables experimentation to proceed in an orderly and controlled manner. While design details are undoubtedly important, they are not necessary for every situation. Additionally, this type of self-regulation is challenging for businesses because they face both legal and regulatory requirements. The perceived need to manage their brand's image and image can negatively impact a business's bottom line. Moody's Investors Service states in a recent study on the development of risk management for institutional investors and the role of corporate social responsibility that a significant number of respondents experienced significant difficulties in their corporate objectives in terms of meeting investor expectations (Radic et al. ...
This document summarizes a research study that explores how civil society in Sri Lanka engages with businesses when businesses cause social issues. The study employs the Deliberative Democracy Theory to understand the role of civil society, but this theory does not fully explain civil society's failure to engage with businesses. The study uses qualitative methods like interviews and documents to understand how civil society perceives businesses and the conditions around their engagement. The findings indicate that civil society generally sees their relationship with businesses as transactional and only engages in the public sphere when social issues provoke emotions. Businesses also tend to see their relationship with society as transactional rather than considering human dignity. The study contributes to understanding these dynamics and implications for corporate social responsibility and social
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Organizational Commitment in relation to Organizational Politics: A study on ...inventionjournals
The root objective behind this study is to explore the relation between organizational commitment
and organizational politics, of the government employees. This study also focuses on the gender difference
taking these factors under consideration. This study is conducted on 200 male and female employees in total, of
middle level belonging to urban domicile. A survey of government employees (aged 40-55) reveals that
organizational commitment has no significant positive correlation with organizational politics in total.
Additionally, this relation does not found to be correlated in case of both female and their male counterparts.
Stakeholder pressures created the legal implications to the companies for the CSR activities and its reporting. CSR is gaining the importance in the field of research. The aim of the study is to provide the review of the development in the field of CSR. The analysis is carried out to understand the areas of the researches in CSR. In total 95 studies from various countries are selected. It is carried out by explaining various studies in the field of CSR to know the definition, the areas of researches and research methods used.
You have asked people to rate a product on a 1 to 10 scale. You ha.docxjeffevans62972
You have asked people to rate a product on a 1 to 10 scale. You have divided your results into two samples: people from urban areas, and people from rural areas. You wish to show that there is a difference between the two groups in how they rate the product. You have no prior belief about which will be more than the other, however. The appropriate statistical test in Excel produces the results shown below. Answer these questions:
(a) State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. Be sure it is clear which you are saying is the null and which is the alternative.
(b) Which statistical test is appropriate? [Your choices are one mean, one proportion, two means for related samples, two means for independent samples, or two proportions]
(c) Can you conclude that there is a difference between the two groups? Explain why or why not.
Introduction
Global leaders are a rising class of leaders that are capable of working in universal and global connections. Introductory exploration demonstrates that global leaders are a remarkable breed with identifiable attributes (Mendenhall, 2013). They have a particular interest in the world and enthusiasm for individuals is not the same as themselves. This hobby motivates visionary activities and associations that encompass national limits. Besides, genuine global leadership perceives the effect of their activities on surrounding groups and the entire society. They comprehend that individual success is subordinate upon the thriving of others and that they assume a part in changing their organizations, as well as the social orders in which they work. Osland, Oddou, Bird, & Osland, (2013) Shows worldwide pioneers conceived, as well as can make. Global leadership gets to be who they are by developing specific methods for taking a gander at the world, contemplating issues and opportunities and acting with respectability in a quest for arrangements. Research demonstrates that global pioneers offer three typical qualities: they have a collective mentality that permits them to unite cross-culture over limits, they are international business people headed to make new solutions and seize opportunities, and they are universal nationals enlivened to add to the groups they touch. Initiative in a various and multicultural environment: creating mindfulness, learning, and abilities (Caligiuri, & Tarique, 2012).
Over the previous decade, global and residential associations have perceived the essential requirement for their leaders to wind up skillful in culturally diverse connections. The move to a worldwide economy and the expanding expansion of the workforce in the United States bolster the progressing requirement for exploration and preparing here. Capable multicultural leaders are vital to an association's accomplishment in the global business sector. Mendenhall, (2013) gave a content understudies in administration or business and can likewise be valuable to differ qualities and improve the diplomatic skill of a.
Diversity management aims to create an inclusive workplace where all employees feel valued regardless of their backgrounds. It has been shown to improve company culture, motivation, and productivity when implemented properly through strategies that promote awareness and equal opportunities. Surveys found that over 80% of companies believe diversity has positive impacts like innovation, reputation, and talent acquisition. While diversity alone does not guarantee business success, it can create a flexible environment that removes biases and allows all skills and talents to be utilized to their fullest potential.
Corporate citizenship and socialresponsibility policies in tAlleneMcclendon878
This document provides a case study on corporate citizenship and social responsibility policies in the United States. It analyzes relevant regulatory guidelines and frameworks that foster corporate citizenship behaviors in areas like human rights, the environment, and social issues. The case study evaluates policies from the US federal government, bureaus, agencies, and non-governmental organizations. It finds that while CSR initiatives are generally voluntary in the US, there are meaningful policies aimed at encouraging responsible corporate behaviors.
This document discusses corporate social responsibility and how businesses can practice it. It addresses why companies need to practice CSR, noting that customers may purchase from companies based on their CSR efforts and that CSR can provide a competitive advantage. It also discusses how external stakeholder pressure has compelled some large multinational corporations to change their CSR policies and global image. While these changes were made to satisfy external pressure, some critics argue the companies lacked sincerity in their CSR efforts. The document concludes by presenting a method for companies to develop a meaningful CSR strategy.
Discussion QuestionsWhat are the key obstacles faced by the .docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Questions
What are the key obstacles faced by the HRD function in
‘exporting’ HRD programmes to overseas subsidiaries?
Should organisations be seeking to impose a single culture across
all these global business units?
What types of cost‐efficiencies can be derived from cross‐cultural
standardisation?
What key facets should an internationalisation strategy possess?
Chapter 15: HRD at
the Community &
Societal Level
DR. DAVID MCGUIRE
EDINBURGH NAPIER UNIVERSITY
Chapter Objectives
Examine the social responsibilities of organisations and how
HRD can contribute to corporate social responsibility
approaches
Outline ethical principles affecting the field of HRD and how
HRD practitioners act and behave
Examine the role of HRD in developing communities and
society.
Chapter Context
It is increasingly recognised that HRD performs an important role at
the community and societal level. Beyond narrow organisational
interests, HRD embraces a broader agenda of building and growing
the capacity of individuals, groups and communities
HRD at the community and societal level stresses the importance of
acting responsibly and in an ethical manner and in doing so
embraces a social justice agenda. HRD practitioners have a
professional duty to act in an ethical manner – to act in a fair and
honest fashion and observe the rights, dignity and welfare of others.
HRD and Corporate Social
Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility is defined by Archie Carroll (1979) as
“The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal,
ethical and discretionary expectations that society has of organisations
at a given point in time.”
Imbuing organisations with a social conscience extends organisational
responsibility beyond mere profit‐and‐loss accounts and looks at how
the actions and values of the organisation are aligned with those of
society.
Whilst the field of HRD has expressed increasing levels of interest in
ethics, integrity and sustainability, allied with a growth in critical HRD
literature a narrow profit‐performance paradigm still pervades much
research and thinking in HRD.
HRD and Corporate Social
Responsibility
Wilcox (2006: 187) articulates a view of corporations as ‘moral
communities’ based upon the cooperative relationships of its
members. She uses this view to argue that the global economic
system, through the actions of individual corporations, has been
responsible for unequal wealth distribution and social injustice,
leading to the marginalisation and exploitation of developing
countries by more advanced nations.
Barriers to implementing CSR in organisations include:
◦ There was often a lack of knowledge and awareness about CSR issues and the
underpinning rationale for engaging in these activities.
◦ A disconnect is observed by employees between CSR approaches and
organisational values and strategies
◦ CSR is viewed as too costly, time‐consuming & divorced from bus.
This document discusses how corporate culture can be used as a tool for control and effectiveness in organizations. It defines corporate culture as the values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by employees in an organization. The document reviews literature showing that strong, adaptive cultures that encourage employee involvement can enhance organizational responsiveness, commitment, and goal achievement. It recommends that managers share the organizational mission and values with employees to increase involvement and serve as an informal control mechanism. An effective culture can motivate employees and help the organization adapt to changes in the external environment.
Communication of csr programs of MNc's an indian perspectiveTapasya123
This study analyses the three-dimensional model (Arthaud-Day, 2005) of corporate social
responsibility management by multinational corporations operating in a developing country
– India – in order to provide an Indian public relations viewpoint to the existing management
theory of CSR. Employing a unique combination of content analysis of information on CSR
programs available on the websites of selected top ten Multinational Corporations and
interviews with public relations professionals in these companies, this study explores three
fundamental research questions pertaining to the strategic orientation of MNCs in India,
issues that their CSR strategies focused on and the significant role of the public relations
function in formulating, implementing and assessing the success of these CSR strategies.
Interrelationships of the three dimensions namely, Strategic Orientation, Content Domains
and Perspective as suggested in the three-dimensional model have been analyzed for its
effectiveness. Furthermore, this study also reveals ways in which public relations can
contribute to corporate effectiveness by playing a strategic role in the management of CSR
programs. Empirical support to the role of corporate culture and the impact of the national
political system and level of economic development on the CSR practices of MNCs, are also
there. This study provides a pioneering academic perspective on the role of public relations in
the creation and implementation of CSR programs of MNCs in India and offers practical
suggestions to public relations practitioners and MNCs.
Keywords:
1CHANGES OF ORGANIZATIONS9CHANGES OF ORGANIZATIONSEttaBenton28
1
CHANGES OF ORGANIZATIONS
9
CHANGES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Discussion Board 4: Changes of Organizations
John Ireland
Author Note
John Ireland
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Changes of Organizations
Introduction
Organizational changes and reengineering are as old as organizations' existence and even referenced in the bible. The story of Moses and his father-in-law (King James Bible, 1769/2017, Exodus 18:13-27) discussing the people's judgment is an example of how delegation of authority can be implemented and handed down to others to complete the same judgment that Moses was employed and responsible for. It is equivalent to organizational leadership delegating authority to make decisions and effect changes with the limited risk involved. It is one of the first examples of a loosely coupled system. A loosely coupled system reduces the risk that a change made within one element will create unanticipated changes within other elements (Tech Target, 2011). Today, organizational changes have several factors of consideration by an organization to reduce the risk associated with decisions to implement changes. Those factors include the organizational structure, the current strategy, and the environmental impact on the market and industry.
The Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world stage in early 2020 is a prime example of recent changes that affect the changes that impact organizational operations today. The changes included a teleworking environment where employees considered non-essential to the traditional in-person approach could work using technology platforms to communicate and remain productive at a safe distance, not infecting or becoming infected by a deadly virus. Like anything encountered in life that is not ideal, knowing that God has a plan already in place for us and digging deep to persevere for a better day is essential to come out victorious on the other side. Merida, Platt, and Akin (2015) say “we should be reminded of the grace of God, who brings refreshing fall-like seasons in our life (Merida, Platt, & Akin, 2015, p.277).”
Remote Workforce
An emerging switch in how organizations had to adapt and rapidly respond to a change to the working environment that affected millions around the globe was a remote working environment to continue operations. Something considered impossible became a welcomed necessity to continue operations and maintain the same level of service and production as before the pandemic hit. The rise in how many organizations embraced and executed a telework posture almost quadrupled.
Early estimates suggested that, due to the pandemic, approximately 50% of the European workforce worked remotely compared with 12% prior to the pandemic (Ahrendt, Cabrita, Clerici, Hurley, & Leončikas, 2020). Private sector organizations were moving toward telework as an option to continue operations, and the public sectors were as well. The Department of Defense (DoD) identified non-essential or non-cr ...
Dayo Sowunmi's slidedeck: Defining and Ethical Baseline. International Leadership Association (ILA) 21st Annual Global Conference. Ottawa, Canada. October 2019
GenderDiversity and Inclusion Efforts ThatReally WoMatthewTennant613
/
Gender
Diversity and Inclusion Efforts That
Really Work
by David Pedulla
May 12, 2020
Summary.
Rusty Hill/Getty Images
A Stanford and Harvard professor convened a symposium on what’s
actually working to improve diversity and inclusion in organizational life. In this
article, David Pedulla summarizes the main findings. First, organizations should set
goals, collect data, and hold people accountable for improving diversity within the
organization. Second, organizations should abandon traditional discrimination and
harassment reporting systems — these often lead to retaliation. Employee
Assistance Plans (EAPs), ombuds offices, and transformative dispute resolution
https://hbr.org/topic/gender
https://hbr.org/search?term=david%20pedulla
/
systems can play a critical role in not only reducing retaliation but also provide fuel
for organizational change. Third, organizations should check to ensure that
technologies used to assist in hiring and promotion aren’t inherently biased.
Fourth, companies must avoid tokenism. Finally, organizations should get
managers and other leaders involved in diversity programs from the start. This will
increase buy-in and lead to smooth implementation.
In the wake of major social and political changes over the past
decades, leading companies are taking steps to increase diversity,
equity, and inclusion. Yet progress in most sectors remains tepid.
Programs designed to increase diversity and inclusion in the
workplace often fail. So that leads to a natural question: What’s
actually working?
Focusing on solutions to the diversity challenge — rather than on the
failures — was top of mind when Devah Pager and I designed a
convening in 2018. We brought together leading experts on bias,
technology, discrimination, and organizational design, and – rather
than documenting the problems that abound – we asked everyone to
focus on answering one simple question: What works? (Pager, who
was the Peter and Isabel Malkin professor of public policy and
professor of sociology at Harvard University, passed away in 2018.
The ongoing aspects of our project, I hope, are a testament to her
pathbreaking work on racial discrimination and social inequality.)
It was challenging to keep our emphasis on solutions. As became
clear, there is no silver bullet. No single solution. Yet, in pushing
ourselves to think outside the box and draw on the best empirical
evidence that exists, the convening participants identified promising
areas where investment, focus, and experimentation have the ability
to serve as remarkable engines of change
We dove into these promising areas and produced a report, titled
“What Works? Evidence-Based Ideas to Increase Diversity, Equity,
and Inclusion in the Workplace.” Here, I highlight five key insights
close
https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/gender-equality/women-in-the-workplace-2019
https://hbr.org/2016/07/why-diversity-programs-fail
https://www.umass.edu/emp ...
1) The document examines the influence of external bailouts on macroeconomic stability in Ghana from 2008 to 2021 using time series data and vector error correction modeling.
2) It finds that while external bailouts have no short-term impact, there is a long-term causal relationship between bailouts and macroeconomic stability as well as with foreign direct investment, GDP, and imports.
3) To improve stability, the authors recommend that Ghana reduce reliance on external bailouts, increase foreign reserves, and expand agriculture and industrialization.
- The document discusses a study on increasing brand awareness of Oranger Mobile, which is a courier service partner of PT Pos Indonesia responsible for pickups, deliveries, and direct sales.
- Brand awareness of Oranger is currently low, as the number of Oranger drivers did not meet targets in 2021 and most respondents in a survey were not familiar with the Oranger brand.
- The study uses a mixed-methods approach, collecting both qualitative data to measure brand awareness and quantitative data to analyze factors influencing awareness. The results show advertising, publicity, sponsorship, and word-of-mouth can increase Oranger's brand awareness.
This document discusses equality and inclusion of LGBT employees in the modern American workplace. It argues that businesses are increasingly recognizing LGBT individuals as important stakeholders. Treating all employees, including LGBT employees, with dignity and respect promotes diversity, inclusion, and employee engagement, which benefits businesses. The document reviews concepts like corporate social responsibility and cites research showing that inclusive policies do not negatively impact businesses and may provide financial benefits. It also discusses the history of LGBT rights and legal protections in the workplace.
Scarcity, resource conservation, and sustainable entrepreneurship: Olivia Aronson
This document proposes a multi-level perspective on sustainable entrepreneurship. It suggests that sustainable entrepreneurship is influenced by individual manager worldviews, strategic group affiliation, and community culture constraints. Three propositions are outlined: 1) Manager worldviews influence sustainable entrepreneurship. 2) Strategic group affiliation influences sustainable entrepreneurship. 3) Variability in community culture influences the level of sustainable entrepreneurship. Limitations and implications for theory and practice are also discussed.
2An Evaluation of UPSAn Evaluation of UPSs Approa.docxjesusamckone
2
An Evaluation of UPS
An Evaluation of UPS's Approach toward Sustainability
An Evaluation of UPS's Approach toward Sustainability
The ethical dilemma witnessed in UPS provides an essential point of focus in determining the application of strategies in tackling different stakeholder's interests to achieve the objectives of the company. The dealing with the needs of the company must put the interests of stakeholders at stake to ensure that each group is satisfied with the operations of the organization. In the analysis of UPS, it is possible to explain the emerging issues by focusing on various forms of ethics to handle. Examples of ethical factors relevant in this discussion include the utilitarian, virtue, Kantian, and rights approaches (Herschel & Miori, 2017; Kalokairinou, 2018). Solving the ethical dilemma at UPS is possible by an emphasis on identification of the problem, balance sheet approach, engaging people, and the application of ethical reasoning to accomplish the misunderstanding.
Internal and external stakeholders have divergent views regarding the support of sustainable activities to society and the environment. Internal stakeholders include shareholders, the management, the chief financial officer, and other employees while the external stakeholders include the government, environmental agencies, suppliers, and competitors, among others. The major challenge regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) lies in the use of resources that may not have the required returns from the perspective of the shareholders (Kolk, 2016). The internal environment of the business is likely going to focus on the financial aspects of the firm and the benefits of the shareholders to an extent of suspending sustainability activities as evident in the case study where other workers do not understand the CFO's commitment to CSR. The existence of different ideas regarding the problem in the company makes it necessary to apply approaches that help solve ethical dilemmas.
The four aspects applicable in UPS include debating the moral choice, using the balance sheet approach, engaging individuals at different levels in the organization, and integrating the final resolution into the strategic activities of the management (Herschel & Miori, 2017). It is essential to note that the application of these steps must use provisions of various ethical theories and approaches such as utilitarian, virtue, or Kantianism, depending on the factor that is affecting the organization. According to Kalokairinou (2018), CSR mostly applies the ideals of virtue and utilitarianism because the business enterprise such as UPS must engage in activities that are beneficial to a large number of people to make such an engagement a right. The public, therefore, is an example of the beneficiaries of environmental initiatives that ensure conservation and sustainability.
In the case study, the CFO should debate the moral choices of providing benefits t.
Corporate social innovation How firms learn to innovate for the greater good...Pam Chan
This document discusses how companies learn to engage in successful social innovation through acquiring tacit knowledge from external partners. It explores knowledge transfer between companies and external parties in corporate social innovation (CSI) projects. The study is based on observations of over 70 companies over five years. It finds that much of the knowledge exchanged in CSI is tacit knowledge developed through shared interactions and experiences. Companies partner with external organizations in different configurations that vary in their distance from the company's core business operations and level of investment/interaction. Through case studies, it illustrates how companies acquire different types of tacit knowledge from partners to enhance their value chains or address social issues.
1
4
Reflection and Discussion Week 2
Sri Chaitanya Patluri
University of the Cumberlands
Organizational Behavior
Dr. Johnny Chavez
Aug 31, 2021
Reflections
Emotions and moods in an organization can cause problems for decision-making, the relationship between business ethics and social responsibility, and organizational ethics (Peltokorpi, 2020). The moral philosophy or orientation of an organization is its way of relating to individuals and the world. In the business world, business is measured by its ability to meet customer needs and profit objectives. An organization's moral philosophy tells how it views its responsibilities and views the moral principles that guide it. For example, an organization might have a moral philosophy of honesty and fairness. Personality and values in an organization may be very different from what they are within the company. If there is resentment against the hierarchical structure, this resentment may extend well beyond the people within the organization. Perhaps the person is trying to achieve a different kind of success within the organization, and the organization has become too hierarchical. Perhaps this person would like to find a different organization if possible. The final type of organizational conflict that is likely to occur is when the two organizational forces compete for resources in a marketplace (Radic et al., 2020).
Discussion
a.
Emotional regulation is also associated with poor health. Advertisers have a duty to their clients to promote ethical behavior. Ethical decisions are made as individuals, with ethical philosophies formed by specific values and as a collective. Advertisements can provide feedback to values, worldviews, and even the nature of reality itself. Therefore, the ad maker must provide various examples that will challenge the worldview and assumptions of advertising to create awareness (Radic et al., 2020). Mood changes throughout the day can be observed using a bright light source or microphone or using a timer operated by remote control. There are many ways to monitor physiological changes within a lab environment, such as thermometers, carbon dioxide monitoring devices, and water changes(Peltokorpi, 2020).
Experimental Design a well-designed design enables experimentation to proceed in an orderly and controlled manner. While design details are undoubtedly important, they are not necessary for every situation. Additionally, this type of self-regulation is challenging for businesses because they face both legal and regulatory requirements. The perceived need to manage their brand's image and image can negatively impact a business's bottom line. Moody's Investors Service states in a recent study on the development of risk management for institutional investors and the role of corporate social responsibility that a significant number of respondents experienced significant difficulties in their corporate objectives in terms of meeting investor expectations (Radic et al. ...
14Reflection and Discussion Week 2Sri ChaitanyEttaBenton28
1
4
Reflection and Discussion Week 2
Sri Chaitanya Patluri
University of the Cumberlands
Organizational Behavior
Dr. Johnny Chavez
Aug 31, 2021
Reflections
Emotions and moods in an organization can cause problems for decision-making, the relationship between business ethics and social responsibility, and organizational ethics (Peltokorpi, 2020). The moral philosophy or orientation of an organization is its way of relating to individuals and the world. In the business world, business is measured by its ability to meet customer needs and profit objectives. An organization's moral philosophy tells how it views its responsibilities and views the moral principles that guide it. For example, an organization might have a moral philosophy of honesty and fairness. Personality and values in an organization may be very different from what they are within the company. If there is resentment against the hierarchical structure, this resentment may extend well beyond the people within the organization. Perhaps the person is trying to achieve a different kind of success within the organization, and the organization has become too hierarchical. Perhaps this person would like to find a different organization if possible. The final type of organizational conflict that is likely to occur is when the two organizational forces compete for resources in a marketplace (Radic et al., 2020).
Discussion
a.
Emotional regulation is also associated with poor health. Advertisers have a duty to their clients to promote ethical behavior. Ethical decisions are made as individuals, with ethical philosophies formed by specific values and as a collective. Advertisements can provide feedback to values, worldviews, and even the nature of reality itself. Therefore, the ad maker must provide various examples that will challenge the worldview and assumptions of advertising to create awareness (Radic et al., 2020). Mood changes throughout the day can be observed using a bright light source or microphone or using a timer operated by remote control. There are many ways to monitor physiological changes within a lab environment, such as thermometers, carbon dioxide monitoring devices, and water changes(Peltokorpi, 2020).
Experimental Design a well-designed design enables experimentation to proceed in an orderly and controlled manner. While design details are undoubtedly important, they are not necessary for every situation. Additionally, this type of self-regulation is challenging for businesses because they face both legal and regulatory requirements. The perceived need to manage their brand's image and image can negatively impact a business's bottom line. Moody's Investors Service states in a recent study on the development of risk management for institutional investors and the role of corporate social responsibility that a significant number of respondents experienced significant difficulties in their corporate objectives in terms of meeting investor expectations (Radic et al. ...
This document summarizes a research study that explores how civil society in Sri Lanka engages with businesses when businesses cause social issues. The study employs the Deliberative Democracy Theory to understand the role of civil society, but this theory does not fully explain civil society's failure to engage with businesses. The study uses qualitative methods like interviews and documents to understand how civil society perceives businesses and the conditions around their engagement. The findings indicate that civil society generally sees their relationship with businesses as transactional and only engages in the public sphere when social issues provoke emotions. Businesses also tend to see their relationship with society as transactional rather than considering human dignity. The study contributes to understanding these dynamics and implications for corporate social responsibility and social
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Organizational Commitment in relation to Organizational Politics: A study on ...inventionjournals
The root objective behind this study is to explore the relation between organizational commitment
and organizational politics, of the government employees. This study also focuses on the gender difference
taking these factors under consideration. This study is conducted on 200 male and female employees in total, of
middle level belonging to urban domicile. A survey of government employees (aged 40-55) reveals that
organizational commitment has no significant positive correlation with organizational politics in total.
Additionally, this relation does not found to be correlated in case of both female and their male counterparts.
Stakeholder pressures created the legal implications to the companies for the CSR activities and its reporting. CSR is gaining the importance in the field of research. The aim of the study is to provide the review of the development in the field of CSR. The analysis is carried out to understand the areas of the researches in CSR. In total 95 studies from various countries are selected. It is carried out by explaining various studies in the field of CSR to know the definition, the areas of researches and research methods used.
You have asked people to rate a product on a 1 to 10 scale. You ha.docxjeffevans62972
You have asked people to rate a product on a 1 to 10 scale. You have divided your results into two samples: people from urban areas, and people from rural areas. You wish to show that there is a difference between the two groups in how they rate the product. You have no prior belief about which will be more than the other, however. The appropriate statistical test in Excel produces the results shown below. Answer these questions:
(a) State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. Be sure it is clear which you are saying is the null and which is the alternative.
(b) Which statistical test is appropriate? [Your choices are one mean, one proportion, two means for related samples, two means for independent samples, or two proportions]
(c) Can you conclude that there is a difference between the two groups? Explain why or why not.
Introduction
Global leaders are a rising class of leaders that are capable of working in universal and global connections. Introductory exploration demonstrates that global leaders are a remarkable breed with identifiable attributes (Mendenhall, 2013). They have a particular interest in the world and enthusiasm for individuals is not the same as themselves. This hobby motivates visionary activities and associations that encompass national limits. Besides, genuine global leadership perceives the effect of their activities on surrounding groups and the entire society. They comprehend that individual success is subordinate upon the thriving of others and that they assume a part in changing their organizations, as well as the social orders in which they work. Osland, Oddou, Bird, & Osland, (2013) Shows worldwide pioneers conceived, as well as can make. Global leadership gets to be who they are by developing specific methods for taking a gander at the world, contemplating issues and opportunities and acting with respectability in a quest for arrangements. Research demonstrates that global pioneers offer three typical qualities: they have a collective mentality that permits them to unite cross-culture over limits, they are international business people headed to make new solutions and seize opportunities, and they are universal nationals enlivened to add to the groups they touch. Initiative in a various and multicultural environment: creating mindfulness, learning, and abilities (Caligiuri, & Tarique, 2012).
Over the previous decade, global and residential associations have perceived the essential requirement for their leaders to wind up skillful in culturally diverse connections. The move to a worldwide economy and the expanding expansion of the workforce in the United States bolster the progressing requirement for exploration and preparing here. Capable multicultural leaders are vital to an association's accomplishment in the global business sector. Mendenhall, (2013) gave a content understudies in administration or business and can likewise be valuable to differ qualities and improve the diplomatic skill of a.
Diversity management aims to create an inclusive workplace where all employees feel valued regardless of their backgrounds. It has been shown to improve company culture, motivation, and productivity when implemented properly through strategies that promote awareness and equal opportunities. Surveys found that over 80% of companies believe diversity has positive impacts like innovation, reputation, and talent acquisition. While diversity alone does not guarantee business success, it can create a flexible environment that removes biases and allows all skills and talents to be utilized to their fullest potential.
Corporate citizenship and socialresponsibility policies in tAlleneMcclendon878
This document provides a case study on corporate citizenship and social responsibility policies in the United States. It analyzes relevant regulatory guidelines and frameworks that foster corporate citizenship behaviors in areas like human rights, the environment, and social issues. The case study evaluates policies from the US federal government, bureaus, agencies, and non-governmental organizations. It finds that while CSR initiatives are generally voluntary in the US, there are meaningful policies aimed at encouraging responsible corporate behaviors.
This document discusses corporate social responsibility and how businesses can practice it. It addresses why companies need to practice CSR, noting that customers may purchase from companies based on their CSR efforts and that CSR can provide a competitive advantage. It also discusses how external stakeholder pressure has compelled some large multinational corporations to change their CSR policies and global image. While these changes were made to satisfy external pressure, some critics argue the companies lacked sincerity in their CSR efforts. The document concludes by presenting a method for companies to develop a meaningful CSR strategy.
Discussion QuestionsWhat are the key obstacles faced by the .docxelinoraudley582231
Discussion Questions
What are the key obstacles faced by the HRD function in
‘exporting’ HRD programmes to overseas subsidiaries?
Should organisations be seeking to impose a single culture across
all these global business units?
What types of cost‐efficiencies can be derived from cross‐cultural
standardisation?
What key facets should an internationalisation strategy possess?
Chapter 15: HRD at
the Community &
Societal Level
DR. DAVID MCGUIRE
EDINBURGH NAPIER UNIVERSITY
Chapter Objectives
Examine the social responsibilities of organisations and how
HRD can contribute to corporate social responsibility
approaches
Outline ethical principles affecting the field of HRD and how
HRD practitioners act and behave
Examine the role of HRD in developing communities and
society.
Chapter Context
It is increasingly recognised that HRD performs an important role at
the community and societal level. Beyond narrow organisational
interests, HRD embraces a broader agenda of building and growing
the capacity of individuals, groups and communities
HRD at the community and societal level stresses the importance of
acting responsibly and in an ethical manner and in doing so
embraces a social justice agenda. HRD practitioners have a
professional duty to act in an ethical manner – to act in a fair and
honest fashion and observe the rights, dignity and welfare of others.
HRD and Corporate Social
Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility is defined by Archie Carroll (1979) as
“The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal,
ethical and discretionary expectations that society has of organisations
at a given point in time.”
Imbuing organisations with a social conscience extends organisational
responsibility beyond mere profit‐and‐loss accounts and looks at how
the actions and values of the organisation are aligned with those of
society.
Whilst the field of HRD has expressed increasing levels of interest in
ethics, integrity and sustainability, allied with a growth in critical HRD
literature a narrow profit‐performance paradigm still pervades much
research and thinking in HRD.
HRD and Corporate Social
Responsibility
Wilcox (2006: 187) articulates a view of corporations as ‘moral
communities’ based upon the cooperative relationships of its
members. She uses this view to argue that the global economic
system, through the actions of individual corporations, has been
responsible for unequal wealth distribution and social injustice,
leading to the marginalisation and exploitation of developing
countries by more advanced nations.
Barriers to implementing CSR in organisations include:
◦ There was often a lack of knowledge and awareness about CSR issues and the
underpinning rationale for engaging in these activities.
◦ A disconnect is observed by employees between CSR approaches and
organisational values and strategies
◦ CSR is viewed as too costly, time‐consuming & divorced from bus.
This document discusses how corporate culture can be used as a tool for control and effectiveness in organizations. It defines corporate culture as the values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by employees in an organization. The document reviews literature showing that strong, adaptive cultures that encourage employee involvement can enhance organizational responsiveness, commitment, and goal achievement. It recommends that managers share the organizational mission and values with employees to increase involvement and serve as an informal control mechanism. An effective culture can motivate employees and help the organization adapt to changes in the external environment.
Communication of csr programs of MNc's an indian perspectiveTapasya123
This study analyses the three-dimensional model (Arthaud-Day, 2005) of corporate social
responsibility management by multinational corporations operating in a developing country
– India – in order to provide an Indian public relations viewpoint to the existing management
theory of CSR. Employing a unique combination of content analysis of information on CSR
programs available on the websites of selected top ten Multinational Corporations and
interviews with public relations professionals in these companies, this study explores three
fundamental research questions pertaining to the strategic orientation of MNCs in India,
issues that their CSR strategies focused on and the significant role of the public relations
function in formulating, implementing and assessing the success of these CSR strategies.
Interrelationships of the three dimensions namely, Strategic Orientation, Content Domains
and Perspective as suggested in the three-dimensional model have been analyzed for its
effectiveness. Furthermore, this study also reveals ways in which public relations can
contribute to corporate effectiveness by playing a strategic role in the management of CSR
programs. Empirical support to the role of corporate culture and the impact of the national
political system and level of economic development on the CSR practices of MNCs, are also
there. This study provides a pioneering academic perspective on the role of public relations in
the creation and implementation of CSR programs of MNCs in India and offers practical
suggestions to public relations practitioners and MNCs.
Keywords:
1CHANGES OF ORGANIZATIONS9CHANGES OF ORGANIZATIONSEttaBenton28
1
CHANGES OF ORGANIZATIONS
9
CHANGES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Discussion Board 4: Changes of Organizations
John Ireland
Author Note
John Ireland
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Changes of Organizations
Introduction
Organizational changes and reengineering are as old as organizations' existence and even referenced in the bible. The story of Moses and his father-in-law (King James Bible, 1769/2017, Exodus 18:13-27) discussing the people's judgment is an example of how delegation of authority can be implemented and handed down to others to complete the same judgment that Moses was employed and responsible for. It is equivalent to organizational leadership delegating authority to make decisions and effect changes with the limited risk involved. It is one of the first examples of a loosely coupled system. A loosely coupled system reduces the risk that a change made within one element will create unanticipated changes within other elements (Tech Target, 2011). Today, organizational changes have several factors of consideration by an organization to reduce the risk associated with decisions to implement changes. Those factors include the organizational structure, the current strategy, and the environmental impact on the market and industry.
The Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world stage in early 2020 is a prime example of recent changes that affect the changes that impact organizational operations today. The changes included a teleworking environment where employees considered non-essential to the traditional in-person approach could work using technology platforms to communicate and remain productive at a safe distance, not infecting or becoming infected by a deadly virus. Like anything encountered in life that is not ideal, knowing that God has a plan already in place for us and digging deep to persevere for a better day is essential to come out victorious on the other side. Merida, Platt, and Akin (2015) say “we should be reminded of the grace of God, who brings refreshing fall-like seasons in our life (Merida, Platt, & Akin, 2015, p.277).”
Remote Workforce
An emerging switch in how organizations had to adapt and rapidly respond to a change to the working environment that affected millions around the globe was a remote working environment to continue operations. Something considered impossible became a welcomed necessity to continue operations and maintain the same level of service and production as before the pandemic hit. The rise in how many organizations embraced and executed a telework posture almost quadrupled.
Early estimates suggested that, due to the pandemic, approximately 50% of the European workforce worked remotely compared with 12% prior to the pandemic (Ahrendt, Cabrita, Clerici, Hurley, & Leončikas, 2020). Private sector organizations were moving toward telework as an option to continue operations, and the public sectors were as well. The Department of Defense (DoD) identified non-essential or non-cr ...
Dayo Sowunmi's slidedeck: Defining and Ethical Baseline. International Leadership Association (ILA) 21st Annual Global Conference. Ottawa, Canada. October 2019
GenderDiversity and Inclusion Efforts ThatReally WoMatthewTennant613
/
Gender
Diversity and Inclusion Efforts That
Really Work
by David Pedulla
May 12, 2020
Summary.
Rusty Hill/Getty Images
A Stanford and Harvard professor convened a symposium on what’s
actually working to improve diversity and inclusion in organizational life. In this
article, David Pedulla summarizes the main findings. First, organizations should set
goals, collect data, and hold people accountable for improving diversity within the
organization. Second, organizations should abandon traditional discrimination and
harassment reporting systems — these often lead to retaliation. Employee
Assistance Plans (EAPs), ombuds offices, and transformative dispute resolution
https://hbr.org/topic/gender
https://hbr.org/search?term=david%20pedulla
/
systems can play a critical role in not only reducing retaliation but also provide fuel
for organizational change. Third, organizations should check to ensure that
technologies used to assist in hiring and promotion aren’t inherently biased.
Fourth, companies must avoid tokenism. Finally, organizations should get
managers and other leaders involved in diversity programs from the start. This will
increase buy-in and lead to smooth implementation.
In the wake of major social and political changes over the past
decades, leading companies are taking steps to increase diversity,
equity, and inclusion. Yet progress in most sectors remains tepid.
Programs designed to increase diversity and inclusion in the
workplace often fail. So that leads to a natural question: What’s
actually working?
Focusing on solutions to the diversity challenge — rather than on the
failures — was top of mind when Devah Pager and I designed a
convening in 2018. We brought together leading experts on bias,
technology, discrimination, and organizational design, and – rather
than documenting the problems that abound – we asked everyone to
focus on answering one simple question: What works? (Pager, who
was the Peter and Isabel Malkin professor of public policy and
professor of sociology at Harvard University, passed away in 2018.
The ongoing aspects of our project, I hope, are a testament to her
pathbreaking work on racial discrimination and social inequality.)
It was challenging to keep our emphasis on solutions. As became
clear, there is no silver bullet. No single solution. Yet, in pushing
ourselves to think outside the box and draw on the best empirical
evidence that exists, the convening participants identified promising
areas where investment, focus, and experimentation have the ability
to serve as remarkable engines of change
We dove into these promising areas and produced a report, titled
“What Works? Evidence-Based Ideas to Increase Diversity, Equity,
and Inclusion in the Workplace.” Here, I highlight five key insights
close
https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/gender-equality/women-in-the-workplace-2019
https://hbr.org/2016/07/why-diversity-programs-fail
https://www.umass.edu/emp ...
1) The document examines the influence of external bailouts on macroeconomic stability in Ghana from 2008 to 2021 using time series data and vector error correction modeling.
2) It finds that while external bailouts have no short-term impact, there is a long-term causal relationship between bailouts and macroeconomic stability as well as with foreign direct investment, GDP, and imports.
3) To improve stability, the authors recommend that Ghana reduce reliance on external bailouts, increase foreign reserves, and expand agriculture and industrialization.
- The document discusses a study on increasing brand awareness of Oranger Mobile, which is a courier service partner of PT Pos Indonesia responsible for pickups, deliveries, and direct sales.
- Brand awareness of Oranger is currently low, as the number of Oranger drivers did not meet targets in 2021 and most respondents in a survey were not familiar with the Oranger brand.
- The study uses a mixed-methods approach, collecting both qualitative data to measure brand awareness and quantitative data to analyze factors influencing awareness. The results show advertising, publicity, sponsorship, and word-of-mouth can increase Oranger's brand awareness.
The document summarizes a study on optimizing the stock portfolio of PT XYZ, a state-owned pension fund company in Indonesia. In 2021, PT XYZ's actual stock portfolio performed poorly, with a return of 0.56% and Sharpe ratio of 2.39%, below targets. Using the Markowitz portfolio model and 5 years of stock price data, the study optimized the 2021 portfolio. The optimized portfolio increased the Sharpe ratio to 21.67% and return to 1.62%, outperforming the actual portfolio. An efficient frontier analysis identified multiple portfolio options with different risk-return profiles. The results recommend PT XYZ use the Markowitz method to improve future portfolio performance and evaluation.
The document analyzes the financial performance of 20 health sector companies in Indonesia from 2018-2021 using various financial ratios and DuPont analysis. It finds that hospital companies generally benefited during the pandemic due to increased patient numbers, while pharmaceutical companies saw mixed results depending on retail and distribution impacts. Specifically, the analysis found that one hospital, Metro Healthcare Indonesia, had the highest average return on equity of 0.26 over the period. Other key findings are also presented regarding factors influencing financial performance changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This document discusses a proposed marketing strategy for Hirka, a shoe company that makes shoes from chicken claw skin. Hirka currently markets its products through social media, e-commerce, and word of mouth. However, brand awareness and sales are still low due to a lack of marketing and advertising. The products are also currently only available for men. The study aims to identify the target market and appropriate marketing strategy to increase Hirka's brand awareness and purchase intention. A survey was conducted of 206 respondents to assess their brand recognition of and purchase intention toward Hirka's products. The results showed most respondents were unaware of the Hirka brand and had low purchase intention. Various analyses were used to develop marketing strategies,
1) The document proposes a marketing strategy to enhance customer loyalty for RAM Water, a water processor product experiencing declining sales.
2) It reviews literature on customer loyalty and satisfaction and how the marketing mix (7Ps) can impact satisfaction.
3) An analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS to evaluate the relationships between the 7Ps, customer satisfaction, and loyalty using data from 153 RAM Water users. The results showed the 7Ps significantly impacted satisfaction which significantly impacted loyalty.
This document proposes an integrated luggage storage and transportation scheme. It analyzes the current luggage storage market and compares traditional and new "Internet +" models. The proposed scheme designs functional modules like storage, transportation, tourism services and insurance. It provides solutions for different business scenarios like short/long term storage, inter-station delivery, and tourism services. The goal is to improve resource utilization and provide convenient luggage services for travelers.
- The Ecobiz.id platform was created to help farmers in Indonesia by facilitating knowledge sharing and connecting farmers to buyers. However, the platform still lacks interactivity and network effects due to poor existing content that does not meet user needs.
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- Interviews and observations of stakeholders and users were conducted to understand their perspectives on existing content and how content could motivate involvement and interaction on the platform. The results will help improve content marketing strategies to better engage users.
This document analyzes strategies to increase brand awareness and intention to use PosAja, an application-based delivery service owned by PT Pos Indonesia. It conducts external and internal analyses, as well as surveys consumers to measure brand awareness and factors influencing intention to use. The survey finds low brand recognition of PosAja. Quantitative analysis shows brand logo and advertisements significantly impact brand awareness, while brand name and promotions do not. Further analysis is needed to identify strategies to improve awareness and drive more customers to use PosAja.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the effect of budgetary participation and internal control on managerial performance, with job relevant information as a moderating variable. The study was conducted at three type C regional general hospitals in Jambi Province, Indonesia that had intermediate accreditation levels. The results showed that budgetary participation and internal control positively affected managerial performance. Job relevant information was found to moderate the relationship between internal control and managerial performance, but did not moderate the relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance. The document provides background information on the hospitals studied, discusses relevant theories, and outlines the research questions and objectives.
This document analyzes and compares environmentally friendly cryptocurrencies with the highest trading classical cryptocurrencies from July 2019 to April 2022. It finds a statistically significant correlation between the values of eco-friendly and classical cryptocurrencies, suggesting investors apply similar investment approaches to both. It also concludes the demand for eco-friendly cryptocurrencies is increasing as the world moves toward sustainability. The study uses daily closing price data from various sources to analyze 7 eco-friendly and 7 highest value classical cryptocurrencies over 34 months. Descriptive statistics of the data are presented in a table.
This document summarizes the evolution and enlightenment of global financial regulatory systems based on a comparative analysis of systems in the UK, US, and China. It finds that financial regulatory systems generally evolve from mixed/centralized models to separated/institutional models to more integrated approaches. The UK and US systems demonstrate a progression from separation to unification to twin peaks models. China's system has transitioned from the central bank as sole regulator to separated then integrated regulation. Key lessons for China include understanding the role of regulation in promoting development while preventing risks, and adapting international best practices to its national context.
This study analyzed the impact of e-service quality (e-servqual) on customer satisfaction and loyalty at Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI). A survey was conducted with 274 BNI customers who use the mobile banking app. The results of structural equation modeling showed that e-servqual has a significant positive effect on both customer satisfaction and loyalty. Customer satisfaction also has a significant positive effect on loyalty. The study concludes that improving e-servqual can increase customer satisfaction and loyalty for BNI, which is important for the bank's future success.
The document discusses intellectual effort and references. It notes that the brain is just a gateway to the mind, and the mind needs to maintain the brain to concentrate on useful thoughts. It also argues that those who do evil will not get an afterlife, and animals cannot attain infinite spiritual energy or an afterlife. The document concludes that solving problems requires analyzing causes, and that politics and total quality management will become more connected over time. Reform requires having a theory and being a bit of a philosopher.
- Evergrande Group, one of China's largest real estate developers, fell into a major debt crisis with total liabilities reaching 1.97 trillion yuan.
- The crisis was caused by deteriorating cash flow, an overreliance on high-leverage financing, and aggressive diversification into unrelated industries.
- Potential countermeasures discussed include restructuring debt through negotiations, asset sales, and government support to stabilize the real estate market and prevent wider economic impact.
- The document discusses strategies for increasing brand awareness and intention to use Pospay, a digital wallet launched by PT Pos Indonesia.
- Currently, 98.5% of Pospay users are PT Pos Indonesia employees, showing low brand awareness and usage outside the company.
- The study analyzes factors influencing brand awareness and usage intention through a literature review, value proposition canvas analysis, and survey data.
- Results show Pospay can create discounts/cashback and develop new features like inter-wallet transfers to boost awareness and intention to use.
The document proposes an integrated marketing communication strategy for KOST.ON3 Residence through benchmarking against competitors. It analyzes KOST.ON3 Residence's external environment and internal capabilities. The proposed strategy focuses on strengthening advertising using third-party platforms to improve brand awareness and reputation based on insights from an integrated marketing communication analysis and customer journey analysis. Using third-party platforms can help KOST.ON3 Residence expand its customer base by developing greater trust in its brand.
This document proposes marketing strategies to improve the performance of Wifi.id Corner, an internet access service provided by PT Telkom Indonesia. It analyzes Wifi.id Corner's external environment using PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, and competitor and consumer analyses. An internal analysis uses STP and the 7Ps. SWOT and TOWS matrix analyses identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Based on these, three strategies are proposed: using social media effectively, collaborating with the government and SMEs, and improving Wifi.id Corner's ambience. The goal is to enhance sales by creating purchase intention among consumers.
Datang International is a major Chinese power company that discloses carbon information in its social responsibility reports. The summary analyzes:
1) Datang International's carbon disclosure includes monetary information like environmental fees and subsidies, and non-monetary strategies, measures, and goals.
2) Disclosed strategies commit to green development and increasing clean energy, but some details are lacking.
3) Carbon reduction measures focus on upgrading generator units, developing clean energy, and conserving resources. However, some financial data is not reported.
This document summarizes a research article about the effect of social media marketing and quality of human resources on business development of MSMEs in Maros Regency, Indonesia. The article provides background on the importance of MSMEs to the Indonesian economy. It then reviews literature on topics like the definition of MSMEs, quality of human resources, use of social media marketing, and benefits of social media. The research aims to analyze the effect of social media marketing and quality of human resources on business development of MSMEs in Maros Regency using a quantitative survey method.
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J497583.pdf
1. American International Journal of Business Management (AIJBM)
ISSN- 2379-106X, www.aijbm.com Volume 4, Issue 09 (September-2021), PP 75-82
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Vianka Esteves-Miranda 1
www.aijbm.com 75 | Page
Incorporating ESG Strategy in DEI for Leadership Roles in Higher
Education
Vianka EstevesMiranda1
, Weiwen Liao2
, Elizabeth AbingtonPrejean3
, Carmella
Parker4
1,2,3,4
College of Business and Technology, Northwestern State University of Louisiana, U.S.A
Abstract
There are miles to go before any human resources (HR) professional can rest since individuals who identify as
women, people of color, and/or LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning) remain
underrepresented in positions of authority and influence. This is particularly true in higher education. It has not
been exempted from these concerns.HR cannot exist in a silo. Administrators have moved to address an old
problem with new awareness. As the keepers of knowledge, it is imperative that current higher education
leaders scrutinize leadership roles to determine if decision-making processes reflect the institution's community.A
review of the existing archetypes of the chief diversity officer structure indicates the need for a committee
structure in which higher education leadership implement policies that center around ESG (Environmental,
Social, and Governance).Leadership in higher education institutions must adopt policies that embrace ESG and
the principles of DEI to facilitate a more inclusive learning environment.
Keywords: DEI, ESG, Higher Education, Human Resource Management, Leadership
I. INTRODUCTION
Human Resource Management (HRM) consists of an organization's "people practices," which include
policies, practices, and systems that influence employees' behavior, attitudes, and performance." Social media
brings instant attention to discrepancies in what people perceive as normal behavior. Examples of injustice are
highlighted daily. In a recent study published in the Diversity in Tech: 2021 US report by Mthree, half of workers
between the ages of 18 and 28 years left or wanted to leave because of “company culture made them feel
unwelcome or uncomfortable” (Mthree, 2021). Percentages were higher among minority group, 53 percent of Asian
and female respondents reported having left or wanted to leave, as did 56 percent of Black respondents and 58
percent of Hispanic or Latino respondents (Mthree, 2021). Additionally, 68 percent of workers between the ages of
18 and 28-years old said that they have felt uncomfortable in a job because of their gender. Ethnicity, socioeconomic
background, or neurodevelopmental condition.
It is essential to plan to address perceived discriminatory practices and bring awareness to elements that
may promote constructive change in the workplace and society. Human resource managers have expanded duties to
keep the workforce flowing and inclusive (Noe, et al., 2020, pp. 1-2). The Society for Human Resource
Management (SHRM) publishes articles to help employers with current workers issues. One of the recent articles
discussed workers' satisfaction with diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) citing that is the newest workplace rating
on employer review site Glassdoor. Glassdoor CEO Christian Sutherland-Wong stated that “job seekers and
employees today really care about equity, and for too long they've lacked access to the information needed to make
informed decisions about the companies that are, or are not, truly inclusive” (Maurer, 2020). Glassdoor is a website
issuing ratings on companies creating a platform for transparency for job seekers (Maurer, 2020).
Concepts such as adverse selection often used in recruitment and exaggerated in team production need to
be addressed and highlighted replaced by more quantitative analysis citing employees' skills and contributions. The
concept that corporations have a responsibility towards society (CSR) can be traced back several centuries (Carroll,
2015). The term CSR is also listed as other subjects such as: Corporate Sustainability, Corporate Social
Performance, Creation of Shared Value, Corporate Citizenship, Environmental, Corporate Social Responsibility,
Environmental Social and Governance Criteria, among others (Latapí-Agudelo et al., 2019).
However, in the twenty-first century, greater interest in whether there is a "business case" for corporate
social responsibility apart from altruistic and ethical justifications arose and caused a shift to the concepts of
2. Incorporating ESG Strategy in DEI for Leadership Roles in Higher Education
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Vianka Esteves-Miranda 1
www.aijbm.com 76 | Page
"sustainability" and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices and risks. "ESG is used to refer not only
to sustainability measures or to environmental, social, or governance practices specifically, but to all nonfinancial
fundamentals that can impact firms' financial performance, such as corporate governance, labor and employment
standards, human resource management, and environmental practices" (Harper, 2016; Pollman, 2019).
II. ESG JUMPS TO THE FOREFRONT OF BUSINESS
Today, every corporation must have a policy regarding ESG criteria to ensure compliance with the needs of
external stakeholders. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion are a part of the social aspect of ESG, and Diversity, Equity,
and Inclusion (DEI) are housed in the social aspect of ESG. In the following pages, we will introduce the concept of
ESG. We will also explain its role in higher education as our future business leaders need a stronger understanding
of the role and its effect on business and industry.
In 2005, the United Nations Environment Programme on Finance Initiative presented the concept of ESG
and justified the need for ESG to address the fuzziness of corporate governance (United Nations Environment
Programme, 2005). ESG is defined as environmental criteria, social criteria, and governance. Environmental
criteria (E) include the energy your company takes in and the waste it discharges, the resources it needs, and the
consequences for living beings as a result. Social criteria (S) address the relationships your company has and the
reputation it fosters with people and institutions in the communities where you do business. Governance (G) refers
to the internal system of practices, controls, and procedures your company adopts to govern itself, make effective
decisions, comply with the law, and meet the needs of external stakeholders (Heinsz, Koller, & Nuttall,
2021). Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, or DEI, is housed in the social aspect of ESG. Diversity is the presence of
differences within a given setting (Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher &Flom, 2021). Diversity includes populations that
have and remain underrepresented among practitioners in the field and marginalized in the broader society (City
University of New York, 2021).
Cooperative Extension defines Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Diversity is the presence of differences
within a given setting. Diversity includes populations that have and remain underrepresented among practitioners in
their field and marginalized in the broader society. Equity is the concept of ensuring that processes and programs are
impartial, fair, and provide equal possible outcomes for every individual. (Cooperative Extension, n.d.; Gressitt,
n.d.). Inclusionis the act of enacting diversity and equity practices. (Cooperative Extension, n.d.). Dr. Robert Sellers
of the University of Michigan illustrates DEI using the example of a dance party (Sellers, 2021). Diversity is where
everyone is invited to the party. Equity means that everyone contributes to the playlist; inclusion means everyone
can dance(Sellers, 2021). The American Association of Colleges and Universities (2021) defines equity as "the
opportunity for historically underrepresented populations to have equal access to and participate in educational
programs that are capable of closing the achievement gap in student success."
ESG and DEI are integral components of sustainability planning (Semeraro & Boyd, 2017). According to
Glazer and Francis (2021), Starbucks (increase in managerial diversity), McDonald's (increase in minority and racial
minority leadership roles), Nike (increase in racial and gender Diversity) have announced actual compensation-
based targets that will affect the CEO and Senior officer pay depending upon specific ESG DEI goal
achievement.According to Gartner (2021), DEI leaders indicated that one of their main priorities for the year is to
track DEI progress using data. To effectively track inclusion, organizations must measure employee sentiment with
a considered definition of inclusion, ensuring the organization can act fast on the results. New Gartner's research
outlines how to put numbers to the concept, what meaningful action looks like from leaders, and potential pitfalls to
avoid in the process (Romansky, et al., 2021). In response to these initiatives, Gartner developed a model of
inclusion based on qualitative feedback from 30 DEI leaders, academic literature, and existing indices. The findings
identified seven critical areas of inclusion: fair treatment, integrating differences, decision-making, psychological
safety, trust, belonging, and diversity (Gartner, 2021).
Next, Gartner interviewed 10,000 employees (about the seating capacity of Cameron basketball stadium at
Duke University) worldwide (Gartner, 2021). The employees were asked to indicate their level of agreement with
statements related to the seven elements to derive seven ideas to gauge a holistic view of inclusion from the
workforce (Gartner, 2021). In general, the seven statements indicate that the greater the degree to which employees
agree with the statement, the more inclusive the organization is (Gartner, 2021). While there may be takeaways for
people processes or the organization, at the leader and business unit level, Gartner's research shows that
organizations that confidently measure DEI, create accountability, and embed inclusion into talent decisions and
processes report up to 20% more organizational inclusion than their peers without those approaches (Gartner, 2021;
Romansky, et al., 2021). ESG and DEI are integral components of sustainability planning in Higher Education
(Semeraro & Boyd, 2017).
3. Incorporating ESG Strategy in DEI for Leadership Roles in Higher Education
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Vianka Esteves-Miranda 1
www.aijbm.com 77 | Page
So many decisions about managing teams and talent processes are in flux right now, changing to
accommodate a hybrid workforce or new business approaches emerging in a post-pandemic environment. While
tackling these challenges, leaders must ensure measuring and managing inclusion stay on the to-do list. (Romansky,
et al., 2021). ESG and DEI are integral components of sustainability planning in Higher Education (Semeraro &
Boyd, 2017). Explaining DEI in greater detail, the factors can be considered as illustrated by Cooperative Extension
(n.d.). See Figure 1. Diversity is the presence of differences within a given setting. Diversity includes populations
that have and remain underrepresented among practitioners in their field and marginalized in the broader society.
Equity is the concept of ensuring that processes and programs are impartial, fair, and provide equal possible
outcomes for every individual. Inclusionis an outcome to ensure those that are diverse feel and/or are welcome
(Cooperative Extension, n.d.).
Figure 1
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Source: Cooperative Extension (https://dei.extension.org/)
III. BUSINESS AND HIGHER EDUCATION STRATEGIES COLLIDE
Given the strides made in the business world, ESG and DEI should be integral components of sustainability
planning in higher education. Administrators have moved to address the lack of inclusivity on many fronts with a
new awareness in education, training, climate, and infrastructure to build cultural competencies across the
organization to create academic and work environments that effectively support the success of all faculty, staff, and
students. (Semeraro & Boyd, 2017). These bold moves reflect higher education inculcating business best practices.
Hence, strategies may include recruitment and retention to include active and aggressive recruitment and retention
of a diverse faculty, staff, and student body. Research and scholarship initiatives to build and enhance opportunities
for research and scholarship in diverse fields. Promotion and support of strategic partnerships that respect diversity,
include diverse groups, and support the advancement of Diversity and Inclusion for both(Redd, et al., 2020).
Leadership support and development to facilitate top-down support for diversity & inclusion and create a pipeline of
culturally competent academic leaders(Redd, et al., 2020).
As the keepers of knowledge, it is incumbent for current higher education leaders to scrutinize leadership
roles to determine if decision-making processes reflect the institution's community. The industries are feeling the
effects of not making enough strides in elevating marginalized voices. Higher education administrators may look to
industry to address these issues to determine which strategies may be utilized to begin or continue their work in
making the workplace more equitable.
After the brutal death of George Floyd, whom a police officer murdered in May of 2020 in Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, USA, the American political landscape seismically shifted. The 2020 spring and summer,
despite the COVID-19 pandemic, brought sustained protest and reckonings for not only federal, state, and local, but
also international governments to change policies that have, and continue to
have, oppressive outcomes for diverse members of society. Floyd's untimely death was also a catalyst
for businesses to begin to seriously and carefully review their internal guidelines to rout out discrimination of any
kind. Companies alarmed at what they discovered even discarded real brand names to reflect the heightened
awareness of long-standing insults that had become so familiar that they were unnoticed prior to these events.
For example, Quaker Oats had historically fended off any criticisms regarding its pancake mixes and
syrups brand, "Aunt Jemima." (Alcorn, 2021). However, believing themselves a part of the issue, the company
4. Incorporating ESG Strategy in DEI for Leadership Roles in Higher Education
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Vianka Esteves-Miranda 1
www.aijbm.com 78 | Page
has recently shed the name that harkened back to slavery and has embraced a new name and logo (Alcorn,
2021). Another century-old company took deliberate measures to address its name "Dixie," which was the
nickname of the Confederate states that fought to keep the institution of slavery (McNulty,2020). However, after the
2020 national and international racial awakening, the company engaged many community stakeholders, specifically
black and brown leaders; the business decided to rename the company "Farbourgh" to be inclusive of all the
communities in the New Orleans area (McNulty, 2020).
This move becomes essential because a business now is being compelled to report ESG factors to attract or
sustain investment. Thus, the industry is relying on the external valuation of ESG factors instead of corporate social
responsibility factors that were internal and not made public for decision-makers to make key decisions. In
application, DEI does not have only qualitative but quantitative data points to see where key performance indicators
show that businesses are implementing strategies that effectively close the gap between represented and not. The
higher the scores for ESG companies are attracting the attention of institutional and retail investors. (CFA Institute,
2020; OECD, 2020).
Some universities have quickly followed suit. These universities are adopting ESG as a best practice for the
higher education industry. More stakeholders are beginning to question leadership regarding these issues. As such,
ESG is making its way into European universities' frameworks for quality assurance. (European University
Association, 2020) European Union institutions are reviewing ways to incorporate these factors into their
educational landscapes. These bodies find that these factors are "major drivers for more professional, transparent
and streamlined quality assurance processes both at the level of higher education systems and institutions"
(European University Association, 2020).
On the other hand, American universities seem to apply ESG related to financial situations and have been
challenged on this notion. Students have consistently issued calls to end support for the fossil fuel industry and
promote support for eco-friendly companies (McKenzie, 2020). New research indicates that an increasing number of
higher education institutions include ESG factors in their traditional investment strategies. Initial indications are
that these investments are performing better than conventional investment approaches debunking the long-held
belief that divesting from fossil fuels will result in lower investment returns (McKenzie, 2020).
Thus, a college sustainability movement could be expanded beyond traditional elements to include people,
buildings, ground, policies, and community, to name a few. (Proctor, 2010). To date, American colleges are still in
the process of considering ESG wholistically. Still, they are simply embracing its subcategory of DEI. (Busta, 2020)
IV. ARGUMENT TO INCORPORATE ESG IN HIGHER EDUCATION
However, this approach may be short-sighted. The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in
Higher Education sustainability policy states that sustainability may be obtained "in an inclusive way, encompassing
human and ecological health, social justice, secure livelihoods, and a better world for all generations." (Association
for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, 2021). In that vein, higher education institutions can
work to ensure that diverse voices are heard in leadership roles that impact all facets of the university from
environmental, financial, corporate, and quality of educational outcomes. Why? In 2020, less than 17% of school
administrators were nonwhites as the keeper, so knowledge is incumbent upon current education leaders to
scrutinize roles to determine if decision-making processes reflect the institution's community (Brown, 2019).
Develop a stand-alone DEI strategic plan instead of simply incorporating diversity into a general strategic plan
(Russell, 2020). The critical components of an effective DEI strategic plan are practical and capable leadership in
linking to the organizational strategy. They also measure results using qualitative and quantitative data to understand
the environment. A DEI strategy with a clearly defined purpose and initiative. Available resources to adequately
funding implementation and follow through on initiatives. And, most importantly, have a physical office of DEI.
(Russell, 2020). Thus, a diverse and broad coalition of individuals could make impactful decisions if seated at the
governing board of institutions. These collective decisions can run the gamete from environmental topics to
lobbying efforts.
In review, the organizational structure is the system of tasks, workflows, reporting relationships, and
communication channels that link diverse individuals and groups (Schermerhorn, 2013, p. 271). To have ESG, we
need an organizational structure to ensure the dynamic and authority of the ESG strategy. Human resources must
play a decisive role in obtaining this outcome. Human resources must embrace ESG through DEI. Practice in higher
education institutions is to appoint a Chief Diversity Officer (CDO). In 2021, the National Association of Diversity
Officers in Higher Education (NADOHE) has more than 1200 members representing 900 colleges and universities
(Russell, 2021).
5. Incorporating ESG Strategy in DEI for Leadership Roles in Higher Education
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Vianka Esteves-Miranda 1
www.aijbm.com 79 | Page
According to Williams and Wade-Golden (2007), CDO nomenclature is used to describe campus function
and not rank. CDO is a senior administrator who guides, coordinates, leads, enhances, and sometimes supervises the
institution's formal diversity capabilities to build sustainable capacity to achieve an inclusive environment and
excellent for all. CDOs can have titles centered on academic affairs, student development, international affairs, or
faculty development in addition to traditional "diversity" titles. They can also serve in various institutional ranks,
such as the special assistant to the president, vice president, vice provost, vice-chancellor, associate vice president,
associate vice provost, or the associate vice-chancellor. Although personal characteristics influence how CDOs
approach their tasks, the organizational design of CDO positions can limit or enhance their capacity to fulfill their
responsibilities (Leon, 2014). Williams and Wade-Golden (2007) identified three archetypes of CDO structure. Each
archetype is a template for how an institution might design the vertical capabilities of the CDO's role.
Nearly all projects and initiatives are implemented through collaborative relationships and lateral
coordination. (1) Collaborative Officer Model. Officers in this model have a small support staff (commonly
characterized by secretarial personnel, student employees, and perhaps a special assistant) and limited ability to hire,
terminate, supervise, and evaluate the performance of others (Galbraith, 2002). Since this model characterizes the
limited human resources, the higher rank of CDO will be better to ensure authority and coordination. See Figure 2.
Figure 2
Collaborative Officer Model
Note. Source: Williams & Wade-Golden (2007), p.18.
(2) Unit-Based Model. This model requires the same type of leadership as the collaborative officer model but is
distinguished by a central CDO staff of administrative support professionals, programming and/or research
professionals, and/or other diversity officers of lower rank. See Figure 3.
Figure 3
Unit-Based Model
Note. Source: Williams & Wade-Golden (2007), p.20.
6. Incorporating ESG Strategy in DEI for Leadership Roles in Higher Education
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Vianka Esteves-Miranda 1
www.aijbm.com 80 | Page
(3) Portfolio Divisional Model. This model is characterized by aspects of both the collaborative officer and unit-
based models. It is distinguished by the presence of several direct reporting units in a vertically integrated portfolio.
See Figure 4.
Figure 4
Portfolio Divisional Model
Note. Source: Williams & Wade-Golden (2007), p. 21.
The reporting system is fundamental in each of these three models to increase DEI. This is an area for HE
institutions to make structural changes to incorporate ESG strategies.
While a CDO can mainly oversee the social criteria in the ESG strategy, an established and accepted top
management position in HE organizations, either the E or the G area has not clearly under the control of a solo
specified management position in practice. The concepts related to ESG, such as diversity and inclusion, are
commonly found in a university's mission and vision, but implementing these concepts into practice can present a
challenge (Elliott, Stransky, Negron, Bowlby, Lickiss, Dutt, Dasgupta, & Barbosa, 2013). To close the gap between
an ESG strategy and its implementation, HE institutions can establish and articulate the organization structure where
the E and G reporting units, along with the S reporting units, exist and are controlled. It will also be practical to
include or create top management positions such as Chief Sustainability Officers to address the organization's
approach to environmental responsibility to minimize its environmental impact.
Figure 5
ESG Committee Structure
7. Incorporating ESG Strategy in DEI for Leadership Roles in Higher Education
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Vianka Esteves-Miranda 1
www.aijbm.com 81 | Page
Note. Source: Williams & Wade-Golden (2007), p. 22.
V. CONCLUSION
This paper explains the concept of ESG, citing its importance in human resource management while
connecting the concepts to education systems. Mauer, R. (2020) suggested that recruiters can increase diversity
efforts by removing the GPA requirement as many candidates come from low-income households and are required
to work while attending college. Leadership should add more resources for relocation and interviews providing other
options if supportive technology is not available to candidates. There are many examples and suggested
improvements to ensure that long-term values amongst all stakeholders are acknowledged. Business training for the
future begins in higher education. Students are taught and take part in experiential learning practices to prepare
future leaders to contribute to business and industry effectively and meaningfully through corporate boards,
commissions, and other executive functions, therefore, the importance of this change needs to begin at the
educational level, prior to participation in executive level functions. It is imperative to involve academia in teaching
these concepts, which will allow more diverse corporate boards. Research has proven that diversity provides a
healthier organization and gives depth to decision-making. Companies must comply with ESG, which includes DEI,
in their investment decisions, and students or academia need to start the process. This will allow more effective
leadership and provide a better setting for change and sustainability in organizational development.
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