1) The document provides a timeline of key events and developments in America from 1850 to the 1890s, during the period of rapid industrialization and immigration. 2) Some notable events included the Bessemer Process revolutionizing steel production in the 1850s, the Transcontinental Railroad being completed in 1869, the Pullman Strike in 1894, and Plessy v. Ferguson establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine in 1896. 3) The timeline highlights developments in technology, transportation, industry, politics, and social movements that shaped America during this pivotal era.

1. http://tinyurl.com/bt4zkd8
America Changing Through
Immigration and Industrialization
Ivy Briggs
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2. Chapter 13 Chapter 15
Chapter 14 Chapter 16
1850 1857 1859 1862
Bessemer Process: Frederick Law Social Darwinism: Homestead Act:
Olmstead:
This process was This concept grew This act was passed
developed by Henry Olmstead was a out of Charles by Congress, it
Bessemer and landscape architect Darwin’s Theory of offered 160 acres of
William Kelley. It and in this year, he Evolution, published land free to any
runs iron into steel designed Central in 1859. Economists citizen or intended
by removing the Park, NYC discovered that this citizen who was
carbon. By 1880, also applied to the head of household.
American economy and This was the
manufacturers used justified Laissez government’s way of
this process to make Faire. The system of encouraging settlers
90% of the nation’s unrestrained to head west.
steel competition will
ensure survival of
the fittest.
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3. 1859 1866 1867 1868
Sand Creek Buffalo Soldiers: Oliver Kelley: In, Tammany Hall:
Massacre: Kelley started the
These soldiers were Tammany Hall was
Patrons of
The Cheyenne members of the New York City’s
Husbandry, which
assumed they were black regiments in Democratic political
became popularly
under the protection the US Army, The machine. William M.
known as the
of the US were formed Tweed, known as
Grange. Its original
government Colonel September 21, 1866 Boss Tweed,
purpose was to
Chivington and his and served in the became head of it in
provide a social
troops attack the Indian Wars after 1868. Under his
outlet and an
Cheyenne and the Civil War. leadership, the
educational forum
Arapaho camped at “Buffalo Soldiers” machine went
for isolated farm
Sand Creek, was their nickname. through several
families.
Colorado. The scandals included
attack was at dawn the construction of
and killed 150 http://tinyurl.com/au2bgbn the New York
people. County Courthouse.
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4. 1869 1870 1871 1874
Transcontinental Jacob Riis: Tweed Ring: George Armstrong
Railroad: Custer:
In 1870, Riis left This group consisted
This was a railroad Denmark for the of Boss Tweed and his Colonel George
line that would link United States. He followers. All of this Armstrong Custer
the Atlantic and worked as a police group benefitted from reported that the
Pacific Coasts of the reporter and the New York County Black Hills were
United States. It was reported on the poor Courthouse scandal. filled with gold and
completed in 1869 conditions of New This ring was broken in led movement to
York City’s worst 1871. Boss Tweed take away Sioux,
slums. was imprisoned, Cheyenne and
released imprisoned Arapaho lands. Led
again and escaped to the US Army in the
Spain where he was Battle of Little Big
captured and identified Horn.
http://tinyurl.com/arselu5 by a Thomas Nast
Cartoon.
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5. June 1876 1876 1876 1870s
Battle of Little Big Thomas Alva Alexander Graham Jim Crow Laws:
Horn: Edison: Bell:
Segregation laws
The Battle of Little Big During 1876, Edison Alexander Bell is began to be passed
Horn was a victory for established the responsible for in the South during
the Lakota and North world’s first research inventing the this decade. These
Cheyenne Indians. laboratory in Menlo, telephone in 1876. laws were named
They fought against NJ. He is This opened the way after a popular old
Colonel George Custer responsible for the for a worldwide minstrel tune.
near the Little Big Horn incandesent communications
River in Montana lightbulb and an network.
Territory. This was entire system for
Custer’s last stand. He producing and
died during battle. distributing electrical
power.
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6. 1870s 1877 1877 1879
John D. Rockefeller: Chief Joseph: Nez Perce: Dumbbell Tenements:
Rockefeller Chief Joseph was This was an Indian These tenements were
established the born in 1840, in tribe that was forced cheap housing units
Standard Oil Wallowa Valley, off their tribal lands created when cities
Company in the Oregon territory, and in Wallowa County, became packed with
1870s-80s. He dealt died September 21, Oregon in 1877. people during the
with companies by 1904, Chief of the Industrial Revolution.
joining in trust Nez Perce Tribe, in The design of the
alliances with them. 1877, he led the building looked like a
He would also shut tribe in the 1400 dumbbell. These were
competitors out of mile retreat from US unsanitary and
businesses by troops which ended overcrowded. In 1879,
dropping prices and the Battle of Bear New York city passed
then shooting them Paw Mountains. building laws that
up after there was no sought to improve the
more competition. slum conditions.
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7. http://tinyurl.com/bj5qy27
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1880 1881 1883 1884
George Pullman: Booker T. Joseph Pulitzer: Mugwumps:
Washington:
In 1880, George Pulitzer was a During the 1884
Pullman bought land Washington was a Hungarian immigrant election, this was a
in Illinois to design prominent Black who bought the New derogatory term
Pullman, a city for educator, he York World in 1883. used to describe a
employees of his believed that racism He pioneered group of Republican
railroad car factory to would end once popular news activists who
live in. He too greatly blacks acquired innovations and his supported the
restricted its useful labor skills paper emphasized Democratic
residents, the and proved their “sin, sex and presidential
employees were economic value to sensation” to pass candidate Grover
compelled to obey society. In 1881, he its competitor. Cleaveland.
rules in which they heded the Tuskegee
had no say. It was Normal and
seen to be “Un- Industrial Institute in
American”. Alabama.

8. http://tinyurl.com/bhal5u9 http://tinyurl.com/axt354k
1886 May 4, 1886 1886
Mail-Order Catalog:
1886
Samuel Gompers: Collective
Montgomery Ward Haymarket Affair: Bargaining:
Samuel Gompers
and Sears Roebuck
The Haymarket led the Cigar This is negotiation
brought retail
Affair happened May Marker’s between
merchandise to small
4, 1886 when 3000 International Union representatives of
towns, Sears catalog
people gathered at to join with other labor and
launched in 1886, this
Chicago’s craft unions in 1886. management to read
boosted mail order
Haymarket Square He was the written agreements
business for United
to protest police president of the on wages, hours and
States Postal Service
brutality, a bomb American Federation working conditions.
and in 1896, they
went off and the of Labor. Samuel Gompers
introduced a rural
public began to turn used this approach
free delivery system
against the labor to reach agreements
that brought
movement. on wages hours and
packages directly to
work conditions.
every home.

9. 1886 1886 1887 1880s
Settlement House: George Dawes Act: Ragtime:
Westinghouse:
These were community In 1887, this act was This was a blend of
centers in slum Westinghouse passed by Congress black spirituals and
neighborhoods that added innovations to aiming to European music that
provided assistance to make electricity “Americanize” Native originated in
people in area, safer and less Americans. It broke Southern saloons in
especially immigrants. expensive. In 1886, up their reservations the 1880s. It later
Settlement workers he completed a giving some land led to jazz and
lived at houses so they multiple AC power back to individual spread worldwide.
could learn first hand system in Great Indians and the rest
about the problems Barrington, sold to white
caused by urbanization Massachusetts. settlers. The money
and help create earned was
solutions. It was supposed to go back
founded in NYC in 1886 to the Indians but
never did.
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10. 1888 1889 1887 1890
George Eastman: Jane Adams: Interstate Ghost Dance:
Commerce
Eastman was an Adams was one of A Paiute prophet
Commission:
American innovator the most influential promised that if they
and entrepreneur members of the Congress passed did this, Native
who founded movement. She and ICC act 1887 this American lands and
Eastman Kodak Ellen Gates Starr reestablished right of way of life would be
Company in 1888 founded Chicago’s fed gov’t to restored. It spread
and popularized the Hull House in 1889. supervise railroad rapidly among
use of roll film. He activities, it had 25,000 Sioux on
helped bring difficulty regulating Dakota Reservation,
photography to railroad rates in December 1890,
mainstream. because of long Native American
legal process and police sent to arrest
resistance from Sitting Bull.
railroads.
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11. 1890 1890 1892 1890s
Wounded Knee: Sherman Antitrust Ida B. Wells: Gilded Age:
Act:
On December 28, Wells was born into This was originated
1890, the seventh Congress passed slavery shortly after in a novel by Mark
cavalry rounded up this act in 1890 that emancipation, she Twain describing the
350 starving and made it illegal to moved to Memphis excesses of the late
freezing Sioux and form a trust that in the early 1880s to 19th century. It was
took them to camp interfered with free work as a teacher, satirical and Twain
at Wounded Knee in trade between states she became editor collagborated with
SD, cavalry or with other of the local Charles Dudley
slaughtered 300 countries. It was not newspaper. On Warner. The title of
Indians, brought very successful March 9th, 1892, 3 of the book represents
Indian Wars to a because the act her friends were from 1870s to
bitter end. didn’t clearly define lynched. 1890s.
a trust.
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12. 1890s 1890s 1892 1890s
Kickback: Graft: Omaha Platform: Populist:
Kickbacks were This was the illegal This was the Party This is a person that
illegal payments for use of political Program adopted at was part of the
political machine’s influence for the Populist populism movement
services during the personal gain, once Convention in in the late 1800s.
late 19th century. a political machine Omaha, NB on July The movement
They strengthened got candidates into 4, 1892. It was demanded that
both the political office, they could composed by people have a
machines and take advantage of Ignatius Donnelly. greater voice in gov’t
individual politicians. many opportunities and seeking to
during the late 19th advance interests of
century. farmers and labors.
http://tinyurl.com/ar3effj

13. 1890s 1894 1895 1896
Robber Barons: WEB Dubois: Cross of Gold
Pullman Strike:
This is what critics Speech:
The Pullman This man was the 1st
called industrialists company laid off Black to receive a This speech was
that hap complete doctorate from made by William
more than 3000
control over industry workers and cut Harvard in 1895. He Jennings Bryan, who
and drove price up. wages without strongly disagreed ran against McKinley
They made huge cutting cost of with Washington’s as the Democratic
profits.
employment gradual approach. In nominee. The
housing. The strike 1905 he led the speech was given at
occurred in spring of Niagara Movement. the Democratic
1894. convention saying
that the gold
standard killed
farmers.
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14. http://tinyurl.com/bzb89kq
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1890s 1896 1890s 1890s
William McKinley: Plessy vs. Ferguson: Grandfather Clause: Poll Tax:
McKinley was This was a Supreme This clause was This was an annual
nominated by the Court ruling made in added to Southern tax that had to be
Republican party for 1896 that said State constitutions paid before
president in the separation of races to reinstate white qualifying to vote.
1896 campaign. He in public places was voters who failed the
was from Ohio and legal and did not literacy test or
won the presidency. violate the 14th couldn’t pay the poll
Populism then Amendment, tax. If your father or
collapsed burying established the grandfather was
the hopes of doctrine of “separate eligible before Jan.
farmers. but equal”. This 1st, 1867, then you
ruling lasted almost could vote. It did not
60 years. allow blacks to vote.

15. 1895 1899 1890s 1890s
William Randolph Andrew Carnegie: Vaudeville: Ellis Island:
Hearst:
In 1899, Carnegie These were This was an
In 1895, Hearst Steel manufactured performances during immigration
purchased the New more steel than the late 19th century inspection station
York Morning Great Britain. that included slap moved to Ellis Island
Journal. He also Carnegie was stick comedy, song, from Castle Garden,
owned the San always looking for dancing, juggling NY. It is in New York
Francisco Examiner. ways to improve and chorus lines of Harbor. From 1890s
business. He used female performers. to 1924, it was the
Horizontal and chief station in the
Vertical Integration US, 17 million
to control steel immigrants passed
economy. through here.
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16. 1903 1912 1910-1940 1890s-1900s
Orville and Wilbur Eugene V. Debs: Angel Island: Melting Pot:
Wright:
Debs attempted to This was an This is a mixture of
These men were form an industrial immigrant inspection people of different
bicycle union that included station in San cultures and races
manufacturers from all laborers- skilled Francisco Bay. who blended
Dayton, OH. They and unskilled- in a Asian, mainly together while
experimented with specific industry. Chinese immigrants abandoning native
new engines and on American Railway entered here. Very languages and
December 17th, 1903 Union. In 1912 he harsh conditioning customs.
they had their 1st ran for president as and questioning.
successful flight at a member of the From 1910 to 1940,
Kitty Hawk, NC. socialist party and 50000 Chinese
received about 6% immigrants entered
of national votes. here.
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